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Shukla V, Iqbal K, Okae H, Arima T, Soares MJ. EFFECTS OF ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR LIGAND TCDD ON HUMAN TROPHOBLAST CELL DEVELOPMENT. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.27.609205. [PMID: 39253430 PMCID: PMC11383004 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.27.609205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary interface between mother and fetus, the placenta, serves two critical functions: extraction of nutrients from the maternal compartment and facilitation of nutrient delivery to the developing fetus. This delivery system also serves as a barrier to environmental exposures. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important component of the barrier. AHR signaling is activated by environmental pollutants and toxicants that can potentially affect cellular and molecular processes, including those controlling trophoblast cell development and function. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the impact of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an effective AHR ligand, exposure on human trophoblast cells. METHODS Human trophoblast stem (TS) cells were used as in vitro model system for investigating the downstream consequences of AHR activation. The actions TCDD were investigated in human TS cells maintained in the stem state or in differentiating TS cells. RESULTS TCDD exposure stimulated the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in human TS cells. TCDD was effective in stimulating CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression and altering gene expression profiles in human TS cells maintained in the stem cell state or induced to differentiate into extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT) or syncytiotrophoblast (ST). These actions were dependent upon the presence of AHR. TCDD exposure did not adversely affect maintenance of the TS cell stem state or the ability of TS cells to differentiate into EVT cells or ST. However, TCDD exposure did promote the biosynthesis of 2 methoxy estradiol (2ME), a biologically active catechol estrogen, with the potential to modify the maternal-fetal interface. DISCUSSION Human trophoblast cell responses to TCDD were dependent upon AHR signaling and possessed the potential to shape development and function of the human placentation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Shukla
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 661602
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 661602
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811 Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 661602
- Center for Perinatal Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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Liu S, Han M, Zhang J, Ji J, Wu Y, Wei J. Interactions between Benzo(a)pyrene exposure and genetic polymorphisms of AhR signaling pathway on missed abortion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:881-893. [PMID: 35481410 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2064436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is an environmental pollutant widely exposed to human beings. While the relationship between BaP and missed abortion is few understood. To explore the association between missed abortion and BaP, genetic polymorphisms of AhR pathway, we recruited 112 cases women with missed abortion and 137 controls women with normal pregnancy from Shanxi, China. The BPDE-DNA adducts level in the case group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). The subjects were categorized according to the tertiles of BPDE-DNA adduct concentrations: T1 (
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingru Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junni Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Dai Y, Xu X, Huo X, Faas MM. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on pregnancy, placenta, and placental trophoblasts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115314. [PMID: 37536008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, endocrine-toxic, and immunotoxic. PAHs can be found in maternal and fetal blood and in the placenta during pregnancy. They may thus affect placental and fetal development. Therefore, the exposure levels and toxic effects of PAHs in the placenta deserve further study and discussion. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of PAHs and their metabolites on pregnancy and birth outcomes and on placental trophoblast cells. A growing number of epidemiological studies detected PAH-DNA adducts as well as the 16 high-priority PAHs in the human placenta and showed that placental PAH exposure is associated with adverse fetal outcomes. Trophoblasts are important cells in the placenta and are involved in placental development and function. In vitro studies have shown that exposure to either PAH mixtures, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or BaP metabolite benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) affected trophoblast cell viability, differentiation, migration, and invasion through various signaling pathways. Furthermore, similar effects of BPDE on trophoblast cells could also be observed in BaP-treated mouse models and were related to miscarriage. Although the current data show that PAHs may affect placental trophoblast cells and pregnancy outcomes, further studies (population studies, in vitro studies, and animal studies) are necessary to show the specific effects of different PAHs on placental trophoblasts and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Dai
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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Talia C, Connolly L, Fowler PA. The insulin-like growth factor system: A target for endocrine disruptors? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106311. [PMID: 33348104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a critical regulator of growth, especially during fetal development, while also playing a central role in metabolic homeostasis. Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are ubiquitous compounds able to interfere with hormone action and impact human health. For example, exposure to EDs is associated with decreased birthweight and increased incidence of metabolic disorders. Therefore, the IGF system is a potential target for endocrine disruption. This review summarises the state of the science regarding effects of exposure to major classes of endocrine disruptors (dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalates, perfluoroalkyl substances and bisphenol A) on the IGF system. Evidence from both experimental models (in vitro and in vivo) and epidemiological studies is presented. In addition, possible molecular mechanisms of action and effects on methylation are discussed. There is a large body of evidence supporting the link between dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and IGF disruption, but mixed findings have been reported in human studies. On the other hand, although only a few animal studies have investigated the effects of phthalates on the IGF system, their negative association with IGF levels and methylation status has been more consistently reported in humans. For polybrominated diphenyl ethers, perfluoroalkyl substances and bisphenol A the evidence is still limited. Despite a lack of studies for some ED classes linking ED exposure to changes in IGF levels, and the need for further research to improve reproducibility and determine the degree of risk posed by EDs to the IGF system, this is clearly an area of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Talia
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lisa Connolly
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Zeng Z, Huo X, Wang Q, Wang C, Hylkema MN, Xu X. PM 2.5-bound PAHs exposure linked with low plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and reduced child height. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105660. [PMID: 32199227 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to atmospheric fine particle matter (PM2.5) pollution and the absorbed pollutants is known to contribute to numerous adverse health effects in children including to growth. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate exposure levels of atmospheric PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an electronic waste (e-waste) polluted town, Guiyu, and to investigate the associations between PM2.5-PAH exposure, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and child growth. METHODS This study recruited 238 preschool children (3-6 years of age), from November to December 2017, of which 125 were from Guiyu (an e-waste area) and 113 were from Haojiang (a reference area). Levels of daily PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound ∑16 PAHs were assessed to calculate individual chronic daily intakes (CDIs). IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations in child plasma were also measured. The associations and further mediation effects between exposure to PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound PAHs, child plasma IGF-1 concentration, and child height were explored by multiple linear regression models and mediation effect analysis. RESULTS Elevated atmospheric PM2.5-bound ∑16 PAHs and PM2.5 levels were observed in Guiyu, and this led to more individual CDIs of the exposed children than the reference (all P < 0.001). The median level of plasma IGF-1 in the exposed group was lower than in the reference group (91.42 ng/mL vs. 103.59 ng/mL, P < 0.01). IGF-1 levels were negatively correlated with CDIs of PM2.5, but not with CDIs of PM2.5-bound ∑16 PAHs after adjustment. An increase of 1 μg/kg of PM2.5 intake per day was associated with a 0.012 cm reduction of child height (95% CI: -0.014, -0.009), and similarly, an elevation of 1 ng/kg of PM2.5-bound ∑16 PAHs intake per day was associated with a 0.022 cm decrease of child height (95% CI: -0.029, -0.015), both after adjustment of several potential confounders (age, gender, family cooking oil, picky eater, eating sweet food, eating fruits or vegetables, parental education level and monthly household income). The decreased plasma IGF-1 concentration mediated 15.8% of the whole effect associated with PM2.5 exposure and 23.9% of the whole effect associated with PM2.5-bound ∑16 PAHs exposure on child height. CONCLUSION Exposure to atmospheric PM2.5-bound ∑16 PAHs and PM2.5 is negatively associated with child height, and is linked to reduced IGF-1 levels in plasma. This may suggest a causative negative role of atmospheric PM2.5-bound exposures in child growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Lee HM, Choi KC. Cigarette smoke extract and isoprene resulted in the induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human placenta choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:178-190. [PMID: 29135079 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on the induction of apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) of JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cells were examined to confirm the relationship between CS and placenta development. Upon TUNEL assay, CS extract (3R4F; 0.3 and 2.1 μM) increased JEG-3 apoptosis. Western blot assay revealed that the protein expressions of p53, Bax, and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) increased, while the levels of Bcl-2 were reduced following CS extract treatment. Moreover, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay revealed increased ROS production. Upon 3-(4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-dyhphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, isoprene (IP), one of ingredients of CS, deceased JEG-3 cell viability (10-11 to 10-6 M). After based on the MTT assay, two IP concentrations of 10-11 and 10-8 M were selected and the protein expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E1, p21, and p27 decreased in response to IP. Furthermore, IP showed the greatest increase in autophagy at 24 hours and further induction of cell death at 72 hours upon monodansylacadaverine and TUNEL assay. Western blot analysis confirmed the increase in autophagy markers, LC3β and p62, as well as the increase or decrease of apoptosis markers p53, Bax, CHOP, and Bcl-2 in response to its treatments. In addition to confirming increases in ROS through DCFH-DA, we also confirmed the expression of Nrf2, an antioxidant marker, and the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), which specifically degrades Nrf2, by Western blot. Taken together, these results indicate that CS and IP may inhibit the development of placenta via activation of ROS by inducing apoptosis and autophagy by affecting the expression of KEAP1, which regulates Nrf2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Miru Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
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Kim SM, Lee HM, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Benzo(a)pyrene induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human choriocarcinoma cancer cells through reactive oxygen species-induced endoplasmic reticulum-stress pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:339-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu X, Yekeen TA, Xiao Q, Wang Y, Lu F, Huo X. Placental IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expression correlate with umbilical cord blood PAH and PBDE levels from prenatal exposure to electronic waste. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 182:63-9. [PMID: 23900036 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste recycling produces Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) which may affect fetal growth and development by altering the insulin-like-growth factor (IGF) system. Questionnaires were administered to pregnant women (Guiyu, an e-waste site, n = 101; control, n = 53), and umbilical cord blood (UCB) and placentas were collected upon delivery. PBDEs and PAHs in UCB and placental IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA levels were analyzed using GC-MS and real-time PCR, respectively. Infant birth length and Apgar scores were lower in Guiyu. All PAHs (except Fl, Chr, IP, BbF and BP), total 16-PAHs, total/individual PBDEs, placental IGF-1 (median 0.23 vs 0.19; P < 0.05) and IGFBP-3 (median 1.91 vs 0.68; P < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in Guiyu. Spearman correlation showed that BDE-154, BDE-209 and ∑5ring-PAHs positively correlate with IGF-1 while PBDEs, 4 rings and total PAHs correlate with IGFBP-3 expression. Increased placental IGF-1 level might indirectly affect fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijin Xu
- Analytical Cytology Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd., Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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