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Aldanyowi SN, AlOraini LI. Personalizing Injury Management and Recovery: A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Musculoskeletal Injuries and Quality of Life in Athletes. Orthop Res Rev 2024; 16:137-151. [PMID: 38779612 PMCID: PMC11108760 DOI: 10.2147/orr.s460748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study explores the impact of Musculoskeletal Injuries on the quality of life in youth athletes, aiming to understand the extent of these injuries' effects on their physical and mental wellbeing. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study included 130 youth athletes, using questionnaires to collect data on demographics, training exposures (averaging 11±3.8 hours/week), overuse symptoms (using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire), acute injury history, and overall wellbeing (assessed by the RAND 36-item Short Form Health Survey). Results Findings indicated that 55.4% of participants had suffered an acute injury in the past 6 months, leading to an average of 4 weeks of time loss. The mean score for OSTRC-O Scores was 16.8±6.4, with knee overuse averaging 21.3± 8.8. In terms of wellbeing, physical and mental health scores were 82.4±15.3 and 81.7±14.1 respectively. There were significant correlations between higher overuse scores and poorer physical functioning (r=-0.42), bodily pain (r=-0.38), vitality (r=-0.32), and mental health (r=-0.31). Acute injuries were linked with worse physical functioning and role limitations. Regression analysis showed that both overuse and acute injuries predicted poorer physical health. Conclusion The study underscores the significant prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among youth athletes and delineates their profound impact on the quality of life, encompassing both the physical and mental health realms. These findings advocate for the critical integration of preventive measures and personalized training protocols, spotlighting the pivotal role of comprehensive biopsychosocial strategies in nurturing athletes' overall wellbeing. By prioritizing the quality of life as a key outcome, this research advocates for a more nuanced approach to injury management and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud N Aldanyowi
- Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, King Faisal University Eastern Province, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Greenlee TA, Bullock G, Teyhen DS, Rhon DI. Can a Psychologic Profile Predict Successful Return to Full Duty After a Musculoskeletal Injury? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2024; 482:617-629. [PMID: 38112301 PMCID: PMC10936990 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychologic variables have been shown to have a strong relationship with recovery from injury and return to work or sports. The extent to which psychologic variables predict successful return to work in military settings is unknown. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES In a population of active duty soldiers, (1) can a psychologic profile determine the risk of injury after return to full duty? (2) Do psychologic profiles differ between soldiers sustaining injuries in the spine (thoracic or lumbar) and those with injuries to the lower extremities? METHODS Psychologic variables were assessed in soldiers returning to full, unrestricted duty after a recent musculoskeletal injury. Most of these were noncombat injuries from work-related physical activity. Between February 2016 and September 2017, 480 service members who were cleared to return to duty after musculoskeletal injuries (excluding those with high-velocity collisions, pregnancy, or amputation) were enrolled in a study that tracked subsequent injuries over the following year. Of those, we considered individuals with complete 12-month follow-up data as potentially eligible for analysis. Based on that, approximately 2% (8 of 480) were excluded because they did not complete baseline surveys, approximately 2% (11 of 480) were separated from the military during the follow-up period and had incomplete injury data, 1% (3 of 480) were excluded for not serving in the Army branch of the military, and approximately 2% (8 of 480) were excluded because they were not cleared to return to full duty. This resulted in 450 soldiers analyzed. Individuals were 86% (385 of 450) men; 74% (331 of 450) had lower extremity injuries and 26% (119 of 450) had spinal injuries, including soft tissue aches and pains (for example, strains and sprains), fractures, and disc herniations. Time-loss injury within 1 year was the primary outcome. While creating and validating a new prediction model using only psychological variables, 19 variables were assessed for nonlinearity, further factor selection was performed through elastic net, and models were internally validated through 2000 bootstrap iterations. Performance was deciphered through calibration, discrimination (area under the curve [AUC]), R 2 , and calibration in the large. Calibration assesses predicted versus actual risk by plotting the x and y intersection of these values; the more similar predicted risk values are to actual ones, the closer the slope of the line formed by the intersection points of all subjects is to equaling "1" (optimal calibration). Likewise, perfect discrimination (predicted injured versus actual injured) presents as an AUC of 1. Perfect calibration in the large would equal 0 because it represents the average predicted risk versus the actual outcome rate. Sensitivity analyses stratified groups by prior injury region (thoracic or lumbar spine and lower extremity) as well as the severity of injury by days of limited duty (moderate [7-27 days] and severe [28 + days]). RESULTS A model comprising primarily psychologic variables including depression, anxiety, kinesiophobia, fear avoidance beliefs, and mood did not adequately determine the risk of subsequent injury. The derived logistic prediction model had 18 variables: R 2 = 0.03, calibration = 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30 to 0.97), AUC = 0.62 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.72), and calibration in the large = -0.17. Baseline psychologic profiles between body regions differed only for depression severity (mean difference 1 [95% CI 0 to 1]; p = 0.04), with greater mean scores for spine injuries than for lower extremity injuries. Performance was poor for those with prior spine injuries compared with those with lower extremity injuries (AUC 0.50 [95% CI 0.42 to 0.58] and 0.63 [95% CI 0.57 to 0.69], respectively) and moderate versus severe injury during the 1-year follow-up (AUC 0.61 [95% CI 0.51 to 0.71] versus 0.64 [95% CI 0.64 to 0.74], respectively). CONCLUSION The psychologically based model poorly predicted subsequent injury. This study does not minimize the value of assessing the psychologic profiles of injured athletes, but rather suggests that models looking to identify injury risk should consider a multifactorial approach that also includes other nonpsychologic factors such as injury history. Future studies should refine the most important psychologic constructs that can add the most value and precision to multifactorial models aimed at identifying the risk of injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, prognostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garrett Bullock
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Deydre S. Teyhen
- Army Medical Specialist Corps, Office of the Army Surgeon General, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel I. Rhon
- Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Seehusen CN, Howell DR, Potter MN, Walker GA, Provance AJ. Athlete Burnout Is Associated With Perceived Likelihood of Future Injury Among Healthy Adolescent Athletes. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:1269-1276. [PMID: 36908104 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231159085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
We examined perceived risk of future sports injury and athlete burnout among uninjured adolescent athletes. Uninjured high school athlete participants completed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) and a questionnaire assessing attitudes toward likelihood of sustaining a future sport-related injury. We compared ABQ responses between injury risk perception groups: those who expected injury versus those who did not. Half of the participants reported a somewhat/very high likelihood of future sport-related injury (n = 98; 52% female; age = 15.3 ± 1.9 years), while the other half reported it was unlikely/not possible (n = 98; 45% female; age = 15.3 ± 1.3 years). A significantly greater proportion of those in the expected injury group reported a history of bone/muscle/ligament/tendon injury (56% vs 24%; P < .001). Those in the expected injury group reported higher athlete burnout scores (median = 28 [interquartile range = 25-34] vs 25 [23-30]; P = .002). Adolescent athletes who reported they were likely to experience a future injury in their sport also reported greater levels of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine N Seehusen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
- Sports Medicine Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David R Howell
- Sports Medicine Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Morgan N Potter
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Gregory A Walker
- Sports Medicine Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aaron J Provance
- Sports Medicine Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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4
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Rees H, Matthews J, McCarthy Persson U, Delahunt E, Boreham C, Blake C. The knowledge and attitudes of field hockey athletes to injury, injury reporting and injury prevention: A qualitative study. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:820-827. [PMID: 35902308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Researchers have often struggled to successfully implement injury prevention strategies in real-world practice. This is despite such strategies proving successful in reducing overall injury incidence and burden. It has been hypothesised that this may be because the behavioural and contextual factors related to sports injury are not fully understood. Such factors stem from multiple key stakeholders, including the athlete. The primary aim of this study was to investigate athletes' knowledge and attitudes towards injury, injury reporting and prevention, as well as some of the barriers that may impact the future implementation of prevention strategies. DESIGN Qualitative; with semi-structured interviews following an interpretivist approach. METHODS Twenty-two field hockey athletes, playing in the top-tier Irish Hockey League were interviewed. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, with three general dimensions containing six higher-order themes. RESULTS The findings highlighted that athletes have a varied understanding of injury, which tends to improve with experience. The reporting of injuries by athletes to members of the coaching staff was relatively poor. This may be due to limited resources and supports available to athletes which also cause challenges to injury prevention. CONCLUSIONS Future injury prevention strategies in field hockey need to account for athletes' varied understanding of what constitutes an injury. Furthermore, policy changes to influence potential barriers to injury may assist in preventing or reducing the number of injuries being sustained by athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw Rees
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - James Matthews
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulrik McCarthy Persson
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Boreham
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Young KL, Morris B, Herda TJ. The Role of Strength and Conditioning in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Calcaterra G, Fanos V, Cataldi L, Cugusi L, Crisafulli A, Bassareo PP. Need for resuming sports and physical activity for children and adolescents following COVID-19 infection. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 18:1179-1185. [PMID: 35378898 PMCID: PMC8966858 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A decline in sports activities among children and adolescents was noted during the stay-at-home restrictions imposed by COVID-19. With the easing of restrictions, physical activities are being resumed. Evidence acquisition A data search was conducted to identify the role of parents in resuming sporting activities, the risks and benefits of doing so, the physical examination to be conducted prior to physical activity, the existence of guidelines/protocols for return to sports and physical activity, the role of comorbidities in influencing the restart of the same. Evidence synthesis Parents should consult the child's physician prior to allowing he/she to resume physical exercise. In preparation for this, a careful physical examination should be performed. Children with COVID-19, even if asymptomatic, should not resume any physical activity until at least 10 days after testing positive. Those with moderate or severe COVID-19 should be referred for cardiological evaluation. The level of activity should be resumed gradually, as per the GRTP protocol. Athletes with a positive COVID-19 test in the presence of concomitant medical conditions (diabetes, cardiovascular or respiratory or renal disease) should undergo medical evaluation prior to adhering to a GRTP. Those with complicated COVID19 infection or long Covid may need additional investigations. Conclusions While there is no doubt that it will bring multiple benefits in terms of general health, returning to play sport should be gradual and preceded by an accurate physical examination in those young subjects previously affected by the coronavirus disease, especially when their heart and/or lungs and/or kidneys were affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calcaterra
- Postgraduate Medical School of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari Department of Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Cataldi
- Department of Paediatrics, Sacred Heart Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Cugusi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crisafulli
- Sports Physiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Bassareo
- Department of Cardiology, University College of Dublin, School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital and Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Eccles St, Inns Quay, Dublin, D07 R2WY Ireland
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Phan PK, Vo ATN, Bakhtiarydavijani A, Burch R, Smith B, Ball JE, Chander H, Knight A, Prabhu RK. In Silico Finite Element Analysis of the Foot Ankle Complex Biomechanics: A Literature Review. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:090802. [PMID: 33764401 DOI: 10.1115/1.4050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Computational approaches, especially finite element analysis (FEA), have been rapidly growing in both academia and industry during the last few decades. FEA serves as a powerful and efficient approach for simulating real-life experiments, including industrial product development, machine design, and biomedical research, particularly in biomechanics and biomaterials. Accordingly, FEA has been a "go-to" high biofidelic software tool to simulate and quantify the biomechanics of the foot-ankle complex, as well as to predict the risk of foot and ankle injuries, which are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries among physically active individuals. This paper provides a review of the in silico FEA of the foot-ankle complex. First, a brief history of computational modeling methods and finite element (FE) simulations for foot-ankle models is introduced. Second, a general approach to build an FE foot and ankle model is presented, including a detailed procedure to accurately construct, calibrate, verify, and validate an FE model in its appropriate simulation environment. Third, current applications, as well as future improvements of the foot and ankle FE models, especially in the biomedical field, are discussed. Finally, a conclusion is made on the efficiency and development of FEA as a computational approach in investigating the biomechanics of the foot-ankle complex. Overall, this review integrates insightful information for biomedical engineers, medical professionals, and researchers to conduct more accurate research on the foot-ankle FE models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Phan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762; Center of Advanced Vehicular System (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - A T N Vo
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762; Center of Advanced Vehicular System (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - A Bakhtiarydavijani
- Center of Advanced Vehicular System (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - R Burch
- Center of Advanced Vehicular System (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762; Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - B Smith
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - J E Ball
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - H Chander
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - A Knight
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - R K Prabhu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762; Center of Advanced Vehicular System (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
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8
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Ogborn D. Optimizing Exercise Selection for the Asymmetric Athlete After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Korean Elite Athletes: Current Status and Future Implications. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5572325. [PMID: 33688359 PMCID: PMC7920696 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5572325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to explore the status of usage of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among Korean elite athletes. A survey was emailed to all Korean national sports federations recognized by the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia. A total of 705 Korean elite athletes participated in this study. The athletes had to be any of the following to participate in this survey: elite intercollegiate athletes, professional athletes, and national team athletes. 83.3% of the participants stated that they have previously experienced Korean medicine (KM). Compared to the general population in Korea, athletes had more experience (general population = 73.8%). The participants without experience mentioned that they either did not need any KM treatments (39.8%) or lacked information (39.8%) regarding KM treatments. The primary reason for the utilization of KM was the effectiveness of treatments. Therefore, 70.8% of the participants have mentioned recommending KM to others. Generally, athletes are worrisome that the consumption of herbal medicine may not be doping-free; however, it is vital to note that 62% of the participants expressed that prescribed herbal medicine is safe. Overall, this research demonstrates a high prevalence of KM usage by intercollegiate, professional, and national team athletes in Korea. Hence, this study's results may serve as the foundation in future research directions for promoting KM among Korean elite athletes.
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10
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Rojas-Valverde D, Gutiérrez-Vargas JC, Sánchez-Ureña B. Sport Readaptation: Where Do We Draw the Lines Between Professionals? Front Sports Act Living 2020; 1:62. [PMID: 33344985 PMCID: PMC7739741 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Grupo de Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico, Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo y Rehabilitación en Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
- Programa de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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11
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Taberner M, van Dyk N, Allen T, Jain N, Richter C, Drust B, Betancur E, Cohen DD. Physical preparation and return to performance of an elite female football player following ACL reconstruction: a journey to the FIFA Women's World Cup. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000843. [PMID: 34422284 PMCID: PMC8323467 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ACL injuries are among the most severe knee injuries in elite sport, with a high injury burden and re-injury risk. Despite extensive literature on the injury and the higher incidence of injury and re-injury in female athletes, there is limited evidence on the return to sport (RTS) of elite female football players following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). RTS is best viewed on a continuum aligning the recovery and rehabilitation process with the ultimate aim — a return to performance (RTPerf). We outline the RTS and RTPerf of an elite female football player following ACLR and her journey to the FIFA Women’s World Cup, including the gym-based physical preparation and the on-pitch/sports-specific reconditioning. We used the ‘control–chaos continuum’ as a framework for RTS, guiding a return above pre-injury training load demands while considering the qualitative nature of movement in competition. We then implemented the ‘RTPerf pathway’ to facilitate a return to team training, competitive match play and a RTPerf. Objective information, clinical reasoning and shared decision-making contributed to this process and helped the player to reach her goal of representing her country at the FIFA Women’s World Cup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Taberner
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicol van Dyk
- High Performance Unit, Irish Rugby Football Union, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom Allen
- Performance and Research Department, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
| | - Neil Jain
- The Manchester Institute of Health and Performance, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Richter
- Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Barry Drust
- School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Esteban Betancur
- Sports Science Center (CCD), Colombian Ministry of Sport (Mindeporte), Colombia
| | - Daniel D Cohen
- Sports Science Center (CCD), Colombian Ministry of Sport (Mindeporte), Colombia.,Masira Research Institute, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Fiani B, Runnels J, Taylor A, Sekhon M, Chacon D, McLarnon M, Houston R, Vereecken S. Prevalence of sports-related spinal injury stratified by competition level and return to play guidelines. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:169-179. [PMID: 33098634 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal injury is among the most severe and feared injuries an athlete may face. We present an up-to-date review of the recent literature, stratifying recommendations based on injury location (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine) and type, as well as, the level of competitive play (high school, collegiate, professional). A literature search was completed to identify all publications reporting return to play guidelines for athletic injuries or injury-related surgery irrespective of the study design. Publication dates were not restricted by year. Search terms used included "return to play" and "spinal injury" on National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Google Scholar. Selection criteria for literature included axial spine injury guidelines for athletic participation post-injury or post-surgery. Literature found from the search criteria was sorted based on level of competition and location of axial spine injury involved. It was found that professional athletes are more likely to suffer severe spinal injuries, require surgery, and necessitate a longer return to play (RTP), with high school and college athletes usually returning to play within days or weeks. Injuries occur mainly within contact sports and concordance exists between initial and subsequent spinal injuries. Adequate rest, rehabilitation, and protective equipment alongside the education of athletes and coaches are recommended. In conclusion, a multidisciplinary approach to patient management is required with consideration for the emotional, social, and perhaps financial impact that spinal injury may have upon the athlete. Consensus from the literature states that in order for an athlete to safely return to play, that athlete should not be actively suffering from pain, should have a full range of motion, and complete return of their strength in the absence of neurological deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, 1150 N. Indian Canyon Drive, Palm Springs, CA 92262, USA
| | - Juliana Runnels
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 2425 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Ashley Taylor
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, The University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Manraj Sekhon
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Daniel Chacon
- Ross University School of Medicine, High St., Bridgetown BB11015, Miramar, FL, Barbados
| | - Michael McLarnon
- Queen's University Belfast, University Rd, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rebecca Houston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, 1150 N. Indian Canyon Drive, Palm Springs, CA 92262, USA
| | - Sasha Vereecken
- Saint James School of Medicine, 1480 Renaissance Drive, Suite 300, Park Ridge, The Quarter, IL 60068, USA
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13
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Farley JB, Barrett LM, Keogh JWL, Woods CT, Milne N. The relationship between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players: a systematic review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2020; 6:45. [PMID: 32926228 PMCID: PMC7490320 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the relationships between physical fitness characteristics and sports injury may assist with the development of injury minimisation programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. METHODS Four scientific databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus) and reference lists of relevant research were searched for eligible studies up to September 2, 2019. Full-text articles examining the relationship between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players were included. A modified Downs and Black checklist was used to assess methodological quality. Data synthesis determined summary conclusions based on the number of significant relationships divided by the total relationships investigated and reported as a percentage. Level of certainty was identified for summary conclusions based on level of evidence. Sub-analyses regarding competition level, age, and single injury types were also conducted. RESULTS A total of 44 studies were included. Data synthesis revealed no associations (low to moderate certainty) between body composition (1/9; 11%), flexibility (18-20%), and balance (2/8; 25%) and 'any injury' classification. No associations (mostly of moderate certainty) were found between flexibility (0-27%), muscular strength (0-27%), and body composition (14-33%) and various body region injury classifications, whereas mixed summary conclusions were shown for balance (0-48%). Many associations between physical fitness and sports injury were deemed 'unknown' or with an insufficient level of certainty. Sub-analyses revealed no association between strength and noncontact ACL injuries (0/5; 0%) or ankle sprains (0/12; 0%), and between flexibility and ankle sprains (1/5; 20%); however, insufficient certainty of these results exists. Clear associations were concluded between balance and lower body injuries in female, non-elite (10/16; 63%) and junior (9/12; 75%) team ball sport players, with moderate and insufficient certainty of these results, respectively. CONCLUSION Limited evidence is available to demonstrate relationships between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. High-quality evidence investigating the multifactorial nature of sports injury, including the interactions physical fitness qualities have with other injury determinants, is needed to better understand the role of physical fitness in minimising sports injuries in female, team ball sport players. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42017077374 (PROSPERO on September 14, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Farley
- grid.1033.10000 0004 0405 3820Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
| | - Lily M. Barrett
- grid.10049.3c0000 0004 1936 9692Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Justin W. L. Keogh
- grid.1033.10000 0004 0405 3820Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
- grid.252547.30000 0001 0705 7067Sports Performance Research Centre New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
- grid.1034.60000 0001 1555 3415Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Carl T. Woods
- grid.1019.90000 0001 0396 9544Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Nikki Milne
- grid.1033.10000 0004 0405 3820Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
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14
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Centner C, Lauber B. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Neural Adaptations Following Blood Flow Restriction Training: What We Know and What We Don't Know. Front Physiol 2020; 11:887. [PMID: 32848843 PMCID: PMC7417362 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the existing evidence on the long-term effects of low-load (LL) blood flow restricted (BFR) exercise on neural markers including both central and peripheral adaptations. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was performed independently by two reviewers in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and CENTRAL. The systematic review included long-term trials investigating the effects of LL-BFR training in healthy subjects and compared theses effects to either LL or high-load (HL) training without blood flow restriction. Results: From a total of N = 4499 studies, N = 10 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and N = 4 studies in a meta-analysis. The findings indicated that LL-BFR resulted in enhanced levels of muscle excitation compared to LL training with pooled effect sizes of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.38-1.36). Compared to HL training, muscle excitation following LL-BFR was reported as either similar or slightly lower. Differences between central activation between LL-BFR and LL or HL are less clear. Conclusion: The summarized effects in this systematic review and meta-analysis highlight that BFR training facilitates neural adaptations following LL training, although differences to conventional HL training are less evident. Future research is urgently needed to identify neural alterations following long-term blood flow restricted exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Centner
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Lauber
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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15
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Raya-González J, García-Esteban S, de Ste Croix M, Manuel Clemente F, Castillo D. Longitudinal differences in the injury profile of professional male handball players according to competitive-level. Res Sports Med 2020; 29:90-102. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1800465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio García-Esteban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
- Club Balonmano Villa de Aranda, Medical Department, Aranda de Duero (Burgos), Spain
| | - Mark de Ste Croix
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
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16
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Morrison S, Ward P, duManoir GR. ENERGY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND LOAD MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE REHABILITATION AND RETURN TO PLAY PROCESS. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2017; 12:697-710. [PMID: 28900575 PMCID: PMC5534159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Return-to-play from injury is a complex process involving many factors including the balancing of tissue healing rates with the development of biomotor abilities. This process requires interprofessional cooperation to ensure success. An often-overlooked aspect of return-to-play is the development and maintenance of sports specific conditioning while monitoring training load to ensure that the athlete's training stimulus over the rehabilitation period is appropriate to facilitate a successful return to play. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to address the role of energy systems training as part of the return-to-play process. Additionally the aim is to provide practitioners with an overview of practical sports conditioning training methods and monitoring strategies to allow them to direct and quantify the return-to-play process. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory R duManoir
- The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Hambly K, Silvers HJ, Steinwachs M. Rehabilitation after Articular Cartilage Repair of the Knee in the Football (Soccer) Player. Cartilage 2012; 3:50S-6S. [PMID: 26069608 PMCID: PMC4297172 DOI: 10.1177/1947603511413569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in football can put both male and female players at an increased risk for knee osteoarthritis. There is a higher prevalence of focal chondral defects in the knee of athletes compared to nonathletes. The management of chondral defects in the football player is complex and multifactorial. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current strategies for rehabilitation after articular cartilage repair of the knee in the football player. DESIGN A review of current literature and the scientific evidence for rehabilitation after articular cartilage repair of the knee. CONCLUSIONS Articular cartilage repair has been shown to allow return to sport but rehabilitation timescales are lengthy. Successful rehabilitation for a return to football after articular cartilage repair of the knee requires the player to be able to accept the load of the sport. This necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation, especially in the transition from therapy to performance care. It should be recognized that not all players will return to football after articular cartilage repair. The evidence base for rehabilitative practice after articular cartilage repair is increasing but remains sparse in areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hambly
- Centre for Sports Studies, University of Kent, Kent, UK
| | | | - Matthias Steinwachs
- Department of Orthobiologics & Cartilage Regeneration, Schulthess-Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland
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