1
|
Steele MC, Lavorgna TR, Ierulli VK, Mulcahey MK. Risk Factors for Shoulder Injuries in Female Athletes Playing Overhead Sports: A Systematic Review. Sports Health 2024:19417381241259987. [PMID: 38898813 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241259987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Sports involving overhead motions put substantial biomechanical demands on the shoulder and may result in injuries. OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors (RFs) for shoulder injuries in female athletes who play overhead sports and evaluate strategies to reduce shoulder injuries in these athletes. DATA SOURCES A systematic electronic search was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases included were PubMed, Tulane Matas Library Search Engine, and Google Scholar, with search terms: "Overhead injuries/Shoulder AND female athletes AND Risk Factors." STUDY SELECTION Of the initial 1574 studies identified, 314 were evaluated for eligibility by full-text review and 291 studies were excluded. Overall, 23 studies were included in this study. Studies were published from 2000 to 2021, subject age range was 15 to 35 years, with documented prevalence of shoulder injuries in female athletes playing overhead sports. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent researchers completed abstract and full-text review. Data extraction used the Covidence and Cochrane Consumer guide template. RESULTS Volleyball was the most common sport with shoulder injuries (6/23; 26%) followed by softball 5/23 (22%), swimming 5/23 (22%), gymnastics 4/23 (17%), tennis 3/23 (13%), water polo 2/23 (8%), and basketball 1/23 (4%). Six RFs (dominant shoulder, volume/overuse, time in sport, older age at time of injury, past injury, and multidirectional instability) were described. Of the 23 studies, 9 (39%) identified the dominant shoulder as a RF for sustaining injury (mean risk ratio [RR], 2.04), while 6 (26%) cited volume of repetition and overuse as a prominent RF (RR, 1.45). CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrates important RFs for shoulder injuries in female athletes associated with playing overhead sports. Multiple prevention strategies are described. Prevention programs are helpful in reducing the risk of reinjury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malia C Steele
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | | | - Mary K Mulcahey
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedic Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Domaradzki J, Koźlenia D, Popowczak M, Šimonek J, Paška Ľ, Horička P. Prognostic Power of Foot Mobility in Identifying the Risk of Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Study of Male Volleyball Players at Different Competitive Levels. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1189. [PMID: 38592051 PMCID: PMC10932415 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The arch structure and mobility of the foot are considered injury risk factors in volleyball. However, there are limited studies presenting differences in injury prevalence and the risk of lower limb injuries in relation to the competitive level in male volleyball. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to evaluate foot mobility (through navicular drop test) as an injury risk factor in volleyball players from different competitive levels. (2) Methods: The reliability and usefulness of navicular drop testing were initially assessed in test-retest procedures (based on a sample of eight participants and 16 feet measurements), with primary analyses conducted using foot measurements of the twelve top-level volleyball players (24 feet) and eighteen academic-level volleyball players (36 feet). The modified navicular drop test was conducted, and the feet were classified based on arch height, and injury prevalence was retrospectively assessed with a previously validated questionnaire. Chi-squared tests, receiver operating curves, and logistic regression were used as statistical methods. The navicular drop test was verified as a reliable tool by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (3.1) analysis. (3) Results: There were no significant differences in injury prevalence between academic- and top-level volleyball players, though there was a significant relationship between pronated foot and injury risk independent of competitive level. Generally, for both groups, thresholds above 10 mm of the navicular drop were predictors of lower limb injuries. The risk of injury if the foot was pronated ranged from 70% (academic level) to over 90% (top-level players). However, no statistically significant effect of competitive level on the chance of injury was observed. (4) Conclusions: Our study found a high prevalence of foot injuries independently of competitive level. There was a relationship between pronation of the foot and the risk of injury. However, the risk of lower limb injury was higher in pronated top-level players. Also, a navicular drop greater than 10 mm was an excellent predictor of injuries at both competitive levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Domaradzki
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Koźlenia
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Popowczak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jaromir Šimonek
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Š.); (Ľ.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Ľubomír Paška
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Š.); (Ľ.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Pavol Horička
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Š.); (Ľ.P.); (P.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Azevedo Sodré Silva A, Sassi LB, Martins TB, de Menezes FS, Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Okubo R. Epidemiology of injuries in young volleyball athletes: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:748. [PMID: 37789463 PMCID: PMC10548731 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volleyball is among the five most popular sports in the world. Regardless of level and age, volleyball athletes perform fast high-impact movements such as jumps, landings, and changes in direction, demanding motor and sensory skills to avoid injuries. The available scientific literature provides information regarding the incidence of injuries in volleyball, but the evidence of injuries in young volleyball athletes (12-18 years old) is not well defined. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to investigate the incidence and prevalence of injuries in young volleyball players. METHODS This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA recommendations and prospectively registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022344623). An electronic search was conducted in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and SportDiscuss via EBSCO in August 2022 and March 2023. Inclusion criteria followed the PICOS acronym: (P) youth volleyball players; (I) volleyball; (C) none; (O) incidence and/or prevalence of injury; and (S) cohort studies. The risk of bias was analysed using the adapted STROBE instrument. RESULTS Five studies were included in the qualitative analysis. They had a mean methodological quality of 6 (range 4-8) on the modified STROBE scale. Injury incidence was presented in varying ways, ranging from 1.51 injuries/1000 player hours to 12.4 injuries/10,000 athlete exposures (AEs). The prevalence was 1.6 ± 1.7 per 100 AEs. A total sample of 3698 youth volleyball athletes predominantly females was found. The body sites with the highest rate of injuries were the ankle, the distal portion of the upper limbs (wrist/hand/fingers) and the knee, respectively. CONCLUSION There was remarkable variability in the rate of injuries and the form of presentation between the studies. In addition, junior volleyball athletes had lower injury rates compared to other sports practised in high school, and older athletes had higher injury rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Beatriz Sassi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Beppler Martins
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fábio Sprada de Menezes
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Medical Centre, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of SalernoUniversity Hospital Sant' Andrea, University La Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine, Keele University, Stoke on Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4DG, UK
| | - Rodrigo Okubo
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Physical Therapy Graduate Program, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sandler CB, Green CK, Scanaliato JP, Sandler AB, Dunn JC, Parnes N. Comparison of Volleyball-Related Injuries at US Emergency Departments Between High School and Collegiate Athletes: A 10-Year NEISS Database Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231180534. [PMID: 37441510 PMCID: PMC10333631 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231180534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a paucity of current data regarding the sport-specific injury patterns and epidemiological trends associated with volleyball. Purpose To provide an updated, comparative assessment of the epidemiology of volleyball-related injuries among female high school- and college-aged athletes and to characterize the burden of these injuries on emergency departments (EDs) across the United States. Study Design Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods Data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for volleyball-related injuries between 2012 and 2021 in high school-aged (14-18 years) and college-aged (19-23 years) patients. Incidence, injury characteristics, incident locales, and dispositions were analyzed with weighted population statistics based on National Federation of State High School Associations and National Collegiate Athletic Association data as well as incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs. Results In total, an estimated 214,302 female athletes aged 14 to 23 years were evaluated in EDs across the United States with volleyball-related injuries between 2012 and 2021. Female college-aged athletes were nearly 3 times more likely to be evaluated with these injuries than their high school-aged counterparts, with incidence rates of 12.8 per 100 at-risk individuals among college-aged athletes and 4.3 per 100 at-risk individuals in high school-aged athletes (IRR, 0.338; 95% CI, 0.333-0.342). The ankle, head, and knee were most frequently injured, often involving strains/sprains, contusions, fractures, and concussions. The IRRs of nearly all injuries were higher among collegiate athletes, especially among knee (IRR, 4.56; 95% CI, 4.40-4.72) and shoulder (IRR, 5.07; 95% CI, 4.81-5.35) injuries. Conclusion Among volleyball-related injuries evaluated in EDs between 2012 and 2021, the incidence rates of injuries in college-aged athletes far surpassed those of their high school-aged peers irrespective of injury type or bodily location. While sprains and strains were the most frequent injuries, head injuries accounted for the second most common diagnosis in both groups, suggesting that clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for concussion when evaluating players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire B. Sandler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Clare K. Green
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences,
The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John P. Scanaliato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Alexis B. Sandler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - John C. Dunn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Nata Parnes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Carthage Area Hospital, Carthage, New York, USA
- Claxton-Hepburn Medical Center,
Ogdensburg, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vaandering K, Meeuwisse D, MacDonald K, Eliason PH, Graham RF, Chadder MK, Lebrun CM, Emery CA, Schneider KJ. Injuries in Youth Volleyball Players at a National Championship: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Injury. Clin J Sport Med 2022; 33:00042752-990000000-00069. [PMID: 36730298 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate injury incidence rates, types, mechanisms, and potential risk factors in youth volleyball. DESIGN Prospective cohort. SETTING 2018 Canadian Youth National Volleyball Tournament. PARTICIPANTS Thousand eight hundred seventy-six players [466 males, 1391 females, mean age 16.2 years (±1.26)] consented to participate (19.5%). ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS Sex (male/female), age group, position, and underage players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Players completed a questionnaire (demographic information, injury, and concussion history). Medical attention injuries were recorded by tournament medical personnel through an injury report form (eg, mechanism and type). Injury was defined as any physical complaint seeking onsite medical attention. Concussion was defined using the fifth International Consensus. Injury rates adjusted for cluster by team were calculated by sex. Exploratory multivariable Poisson regression was used to analyze potential risk factors (eg, sex, age group, position, and underage players) for injury, adjusted for cluster by team and offset by athlete exposures (AEs). RESULTS There were 101 injuries in the 7-day tournament {IRFemale = 6.78 injuries/1000 AEs [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.27-8.72]; IRMale = 4.30 injuries/1000 AEs (95% CI, 2.55-7.24)}. Joint sprain (n = 29, 28.71%) and concussion (n = 26, 25.74%) were the most common. Most concussions were associated with ball-to-head contact (61.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in injury rate by sex (IRRF/M: 1.47; 95% CI, 0.80-2.69). The rates of injury in U14 were higher than U18 (IRRU14: 2.57; 95% CI, 1.11-5.98). CONCLUSIONS Injury rates are high in youth volleyball tournament play, with the highest rates in U14. More research is needed to inform the development of volleyball-specific injury prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenzie Vaandering
- Sport Injury Research Prevention Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derek Meeuwisse
- Sport Injury Research Prevention Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kerry MacDonald
- Department of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul H Eliason
- Sport Injury Research Prevention Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert F Graham
- Sport Injury Research Prevention Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michaela K Chadder
- Sport Injury Research Prevention Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Constance M Lebrun
- Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Research Prevention Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Community Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Research Prevention Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; and
- Evidence Sport and Spine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prevalence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit and Sex Differences in Range of Motion of Adolescent Volleyball Players: A Case-Control Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112263. [PMID: 36421587 PMCID: PMC9690562 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoulder range of motion (ROM) adaptation is common observed among volleyball players, but studies on the shoulder joint function of adolescent athletes are lacking. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) among adolescent players and differences in ROM based on sex. A questionnaire survey and ROM measurements of the shoulder joint and trunk using a plastic goniometer were conducted on 123 volleyball players (63 males and 60 females; mean age, 15.8 years). The prevalence of GIRD was investigated for internal rotation differences of >10° and total rotation motion of <5°. Questionnaire items and ROM were compared between GIRD and non-GIRD patients, and sex differences in ROM were also presented. Of the participants, 38.2% (n = 47/123) had GIRD. The GIRD group showed a decrease in external rotation on the dominant side (p = 0.003, 1 − beta = 0.84), but this was not associated with a history of shoulder injury. Sex differences in shoulder ROM showed hypomobility in males and hypermobility in females. However, there was no association between shoulder injury and GIRD among adolescent players. There are sex differences in ROM, which should be considered in future studies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mizoguchi Y, Akasaka K, Otsudo T, Shimada N, Naka H. Efficacy of semi-customized exercises in preventing low back pain in high school volleyball players: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30358. [PMID: 36086735 PMCID: PMC10980427 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is a common injury in high school volleyball players. We hypothesized that a prevention program could decrease the incidence of LBP in high school volleyball players. This study was an in-season cluster-randomized controlled trial. METHODS We block-randomized 8 high school volleyball teams comprising 70 players aged 15 to 17 years into the intervention (4 teams, 34 players) and control (4 teams, 36 players) groups. The intervention program consisted of 9 physical function tests as well as 1 or 2 self-selected preventive exercises, including dynamic thoracic mobility, trunk stabilization exercises, and static stretching, performed during warm-up. Both groups were followed up for 4 weeks, during which the incidence of LBP was recorded. Physical function tests (back endurance; spinal and back flexibility; active or passive shoulder and trunk range of motion; ankle joint mobility; and iliopsoas, quadriceps, and hamstrings flexibility) were conducted before and after the intervention. RESULTS The intervention group had a significantly lower incidence of LBP (8.8%) than the control group (33.3%) (relative risk, 3.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-12.23; P = .017, 1 - β = 0.99). Lumbar extension accounted for nearly 70% of LBP incidences. Most players in the intervention group demonstrated improved physical function associated with the exercises. CONCLUSION The semi-customized prevention program decreased the incidence of LBP and enhanced the physical function parameter in high school volleyball players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Mizoguchi
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kimura Orthopedic Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Akasaka
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Otsudo
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurando Orthopedic Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Naka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gibson ES, Cairo A, Räisänen AM, Kuntze C, Emery CA, Pasanen K. The Epidemiology of Youth Sport-Related Shoulder Injuries: A Systematic Review. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8791398. [PMID: 38655170 PMCID: PMC11022765 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8791398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Youth around the globe place their shoulders at risk for injury when participating in sports. Shoulder injuries may vary in severity, produce the potential for time-loss from sport, and result in functional disability. We sought to explore sport-related shoulder injuries in youth by identifying injury rates, risk factors, injury mechanisms, and injury prevention strategies. Methods All relevant full-text articles were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Sport Discus, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry. No date restrictions were used. All full-text studies reporting original research describing sport-related shoulder injury among female and/or male youth from 5 to 18 years old were included. Results Of 3,889 studies screened, 97 described shoulder injury in youth sports. Shoulder injuries were identified in 24 unique sports. The median seasonal prevalence of shoulder injury was 10.9% (range 1.2-28.2%). The most common injury mechanisms identified were contacted with another player, contact with the playing environment, and falling to the ground. Risk factors for shoulder injury identified were side-to-side strength imbalances, weak external rotator muscles, and scapular dyskinesia. One study evaluated a successful training strategy to prevent shoulder injuries, but two other interventions demonstrated no effect. Conclusions Sport-related shoulder injuries are prevalent among youth athletes. Injury risk factors identified included modifiable intrinsic factors such as strength, range of motion, and training load. The most common injury mechanism was direct contact with either another person or an object in the playing environment. Innovative shoulder-specific strategies are needed to reduce shoulder injuries in this population. Trial Registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42020189142.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Gibson
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alexis Cairo
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anu M. Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Sciences - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon, USA
| | - Colleen Kuntze
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Carolyn A. Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zwierzchowska A, Gawel E, Celebanska D, Rosolek B. Musculoskeletal pain as the effect of internal compensatory mechanisms on structural and functional changes in body build and posture in elite Polish sitting volleyball players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:49. [PMID: 35346336 PMCID: PMC8962485 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background With the dynamic development of professional Paralympic sport, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and structural and/or functional disturbances in Para athletes constantly increases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of internal compensatory mechanisms on selected aspects of body structure and function in elite sitting volleyball players. Methods The study included eighteen elite sitting volleyball players (male; n = 12, female; n = 6, age; 36.0 ± 6.1, body mass; 76.6 ± 16.1, body height; 179.3 ± 0.1) from the Polish national team. Retrospective and direct participatory observation methods were used in the study. NMQ-7 was used to assess the current prevalence and location of musculoskeletal pain. The evaluation of spinal curvature and pelvic inclination was performed using a non-invasive Medi Mouse method (Idiag M360) in three different trunk positions. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 13.3 software package. Results Lumbar hypolordosis was a predominant sagittal deviation of spinal curvature (n = 15;83%). Low back pain (LBP) and neck pain were the most frequent complaints (50%). Statistically significant differences in the values of thoracic kyphosis angle, pelvic inclination, and spine length (SL) in sagittal standing flexion and extension were found. However, there was no statistically significant difference in sagittal standing flexion for the lumbar lordosis angle with a simultaneous significant change in pelvic inclination (66.9°). Moreover, a tendency to interpenetration of relationships between variables that characterize (a) body structure and (b) function of the spine and musculoskeletal pain were observed. Shoulder pain correlated with SL (R = 0.6; p < 0.05) and body height (R = 0.5; p < 0.05). Pelvic inclination correlated with shoulder pain, LBP (R = 0.5; p < 0.05/R = 0.6; p < 0.01), and body trunk fat mass (R = − 0.6; p < 0.05). Conclusions Trunk fat mass induces internal compensatory mechanisms to maintain optimal pelvic inclination and sagittal spinal balance. Furthermore, the level of pelvic mobility may determine musculoskeletal pain in Para athletes with lower limb impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zwierzchowska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Eliza Gawel
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Diana Celebanska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Rosolek
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Non-Time-Loss and Time-Loss Injuries in Secondary School Girls' Volleyball Athletes: A Report From the National Athletic Treatment, Injury, and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program. J Sport Rehabil 2022; 31:536-543. [PMID: 35196647 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Volleyball is a popular sport with a risk of injury to the entire body. Insight into non-time-loss (NTL) and time-loss (TL) injuries is needed to inform seasonal injury trends that may lead to appropriate prevention and management strategies. This study provides a descriptive analysis of volleyball injuries among secondary school athletes. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS Data were collected from 72 secondary schools, representing 135 team seasons of data from the National Athletic Treatment, Injury, and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program (2014-2015 to 2018-2019 academic years). Injury counts, injury rates (IR) per 1000 athlete exposures (AEs), and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In total, 529 injuries over 193,858 AEs for girls' volleyball were captured, producing an IR of 2.73/1000AEs (95% CI = 2.50-2.96). The overall IR was highest during the preseason compared with regular season (IRR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.09-1.59). Overall IRs were higher in competition (IR: 3.56, 95% CI = 3.07-4.05) compared with practice (IR: 2.38, 95% CI = 2.12-2.64; IRR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.25-1.79). Common body locations injured were ankle (n = 141, 26.7%; NTL: n = 56, 21.7%; TL: n = 85, 31.7%), knee (n = 61, 11.5%; NTL: n = 33, 12.8%, TL: n = 28, 10.5%), hand/wrist (n = 59, 11.2%; NTL: n = 32, 12.4%, TL: n = 27, 10.1%), and head/face (n = 62, 11.7%; NTL: n = 14, 5.4%; TL: n = 47, 17.5%). CONCLUSIONS Volleyball IRs were highest in preseason and during competition. Most injuries affected the lower-extremity which is notable considering the high upper-extremity load in volleyball. Consideration of strategies to reduce injuries prior to the start of the formal sports season may be needed to help reduce the incidence of preseason injuries.
Collapse
|
11
|
The Impact of Internal Compensatory Mechanisms on Musculoskeletal Pain in Elite Polish Sitting Volleyball Players – A Preliminary Study. J Hum Kinet 2022; 81:277-288. [PMID: 35291641 PMCID: PMC8884867 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of (1) maximal muscular strength of the upper body and (2) fat mass on musculoskeletal pain and sagittal spinal curvature deviations in elite Polish sitting volleyball players. The study examined twelve players (age = 35.4 ± 6.9 years). The assessments were performed based on objective (anthropometric examinations, Medi Mouse, 1RM test) and subjective (NMQ = 7) measurements. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS. The lower back, the upper back and the neck were the most frequent painful areas. Statistical analyses showed a significant relationship between lumbar lordosis (LL) sagittal standing extension (r = 0.62; p = 0.03) and thoracic kyphosis (TK) sagittal standing flexion (r = -0.63; p = 0.28) with the 1RM. Furthermore, correlations between a body adiposity index and TK sagittal standing flexion and extension (r = -0.65; p = 0.05, r = - 0.58; p = 0.0.05) as well as LL sagittal standing flexion (r = 0.61; p = 0.05) were found. The body mass index correlated with wrist pain, whereas a very high relationship was found between pain in the wrists and knee joints. Neck pain positively correlated with TK and LL sagittal standing. Low back pain correlated with LL sagittal standing flexion and TK sagittal standing extension. Fat mass impacts the depth of anteroposterior spinal curvatures, what may cause pain in the neck and the lower back. The 1 RM bench press may influence the prevalence and location of musculoskeletal pain, whereas its values might be predicted by the depth of TK. A lower 1RM in the bench press may impact sagittal spinal curvature deviations. Deepen TK and LL significantly contribute to the prevalence of the neck pain.
Collapse
|
12
|
Post EG, Simon PhD JE, Robison H, Morris SN, Bell DR. Epidemiology of overuse injuries in U.S. secondary school athletics from 2014-2015 to 2018-2019 using the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program. J Athl Train 2021; 57:510-516. [PMID: 35696603 PMCID: PMC9205548 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-600-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT With 8 million annual participants in the United States, the epidemiology of sports-related injuries in high school athletics has garnered significant interest. The most recent studies examining overuse injury rates in high school sports reported data from 2012-2013 and therefore may not reflect current overuse injury rates in high school sports. OBJECTIVE To 1) to determine overuse time-loss (TL) and non-time-loss (NTL) injury rates among high school student athletes using NATION-SP data collected from 2014-2015 to 2018-2019 and 2) compare overuse injury rates based on student-athlete gender defined by sport, sport, and injury location. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Online injury surveillance from 211 high schools (345 individual years of high school data). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Athletes participating in secondary school-sponsored boys' and girls' sports. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Boys' and girls' overuse injury data from the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program (NATION-SP) from the 2014-2015 to 2018-2019 school years were analyzed. Overuse injuries were identified using a combination of reported injury mechanism and diagnosis. TL injuries resulted in restriction from participation beyond the day of injury; a NTL injury did not result in restriction from participation beyond the day of injury or lost no time due to the injury. Injury counts, rates, and rate ratios (IRRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The overall overuse injury rate was 5.3/10,000 AEs (95%CI=5.1, 5.7), the NTL overuse injury rate was 3.4/10,000 AEs (95%CI=3.1, 3.6), and the TL overuse injury rate was 2.0/10,000 AEs (95%CI=1.8, 2.2). The overuse injury rate was greater in girls' sports compared to boys' sports (IRR=1.9; 95%CI=1.7, 2.1). The highest rates of overuse injury were reported in girls' cross-country (19.2/10,000 AEs; 95%CI=15.0, 24.2), girls' track and field (16.0/10,000 AEs; 95%CI=13.5, 18.8), and girls' field hockey (15.1/10,000 AEs; 95%CI=10.2, 21.6). Overuse injury rates were highest for the lower extremity compared to the upper extremity (IRR=5.7; 95%CI=4.9, 6.7) and for the lower extremity compared to the trunk and spine (IRR=8.9; 95%CI=7.3, 10.8). CONCLUSIONS Awareness of overuse injury risk as well as prevention and intervention recommendations are necessary and should be specifically targeted towards cross-country, field hockey, and track and field athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Post
- 1Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN
| | - Janet E Simon PhD
- 2School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Hannah Robison
- 3Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarah N Morris
- 3Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - David R Bell
- 4Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wasser JG, Tripp B, Bruner ML, Bailey DR, Leitz RS, Zaremski JL, Vincent HK. Volleyball-related injuries in adolescent female players: an initial report. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2021; 49:323-330. [PMID: 32942946 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1826284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal injuries sustained in female adolescent volleyball players. METHODS Volleyball players (n = 276; 13-18 years), with any level of volleyball experience, were recruited. Participants completed a study-specific survey about their overall sport(s) involvement, training modalities, volleyball experience (beginner, intermediate, advanced), annual volume of volleyball play, injuries accrued during volleyball, and care received for injury. RESULTS Annual volume of volleyball play was higher in advanced than beginner/intermediate players (490.0 hr/yr versus 302.3 hr/yr; p < 0.0001). Nearly 67% (188/276) of participants incurred one or more volleyball-related injuries over the last year. The ankle (40.6%), fingers (36.6%), knee (21.2%), and shoulder (15.5%) were the most frequently reported injury. Injury prevalence was higher in advanced than beginner/intermediate players (73.5% versus 62.0%; p = 0.04). Beginner/intermediate players have significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of sustaining an elbow injury than advanced players (OR 5.88; p = 0.025). 21.5% of injured players missed more than one month of play. CONCLUSION More competitive and experienced adolescent female players may incur injuries due to progressively higher volumes of play as experience and competition level increase. Players who have committed to only playing volleyball participated in greater volumes of volleyball play, which increases the odds of sustaining an injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding injury risk factors may improve clinical management and injury prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Wasser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brady Tripp
- College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michelle L Bruner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel R Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rachel S Leitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jason L Zaremski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Heather K Vincent
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Divisions of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Patterson CS, Dudley RI, Sorenson E, Brumitt J. Preseason functional tests discriminate injury risk in female collegiate volleyball players. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 51:79-84. [PMID: 34274871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preseason functional tests have been previously associated with noncontact time-loss lower extremity injuries in a variety of athletic populations. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of one or more functional tests to discriminate injury risk in a cohort of female collegiate volleyball players in the United States. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II & III, National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics female volleyball players; PARTICIPANTS: 130 female volleyball players (mean age: 19.31 ± 1.1 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Lower extremity functional test, single limb hop for distance, standing long jump, previous injury history, lower quarter Y-balance test, and limb symmetry index were measured prior to the season beginning. Noncontact time-loss lower quarter injuries were tracked during the season. RESULTS Athletes with suboptimal scores on the single limb hop test (<70% of height) and standing long jump (<80% of height), combined with a previous history of injury, were three times more likely to sustain an injury during the season (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.09 to 8.30). Individual functional tests did not discriminate injury risk. CONCLUSIONS A battery of preseason functional tests and injury history discriminates injury risk in female collegiate volleyball players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Patterson
- Azusa Pacific University Department of Physical Therapy, 901 E. Alosta Ave, Azusa, CA, 91702, USA.
| | - Robert I Dudley
- Azusa Pacific University Department of Kinesiology, 901 E. Alosta Ave, Azusa, CA, 91702, USA.
| | - Eric Sorenson
- Azusa Pacific University Department of Kinesiology, 901 E. Alosta Ave, Azusa, CA, 91702, USA.
| | - Jason Brumitt
- George Fox University College of Physical Therapy, 448 N. Werth, Newberg, OR, 97132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Volleyball-related Adult Maxillofacial Trauma Injuries: A NEISS Database Study. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:1564-1567. [PMID: 32897977 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Craniofacial trauma among athletes of various sports has been well detailed and described. Despite this research, there is a dearth of literature describing the nature of facial trauma secondary to volleyball, despite its global popularity. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of volleyball-related facial trauma was conducted using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database from 2009 to 2018. Patient demographics (age, sex, and race), medical injury information (injury type and location), and disposition (observed and discharged, admitted, deceased) were collected and analyzed. χ2 testing was performed to compare categorical variables. RESULTS A total of 235 volleyball-related facial traumas were recorded with an estimated 10,424 visits occurring nationally. The majority of injuries were among young adults aged 20 to 29 years (52.3%) and was evenly distributed for men and women. Lacerations were the most frequent injury type (37.9%), whereas the face was the most common site of injury (41.7%). The majority of fractures involved the nose (71.4%) and among individuals aged 20 through 49 (90.5%). Males had significantly more lacerations than females (75.3% vs 24.7%), whereas females had significantly more contusions/abrasions (64.5% vs 35.5%) and concussions (72.9% vs 27.1%). CONCLUSIONS Volleyball-related craniofacial injuries can vary depending on patient demographics. This information can help with the development of safety and preventative measures for individuals participating in the sport.
Collapse
|
16
|
Juhan T, Bolia IK, Kang HP, Homere A, Romano R, Tibone JE, Gamradt SC, Weber AE. Injury Epidemiology and Time Lost From Participation in Women's NCAA Division I Indoor Versus Beach Volleyball Players. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211004546. [PMID: 33997071 PMCID: PMC8085369 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211004546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Beach volleyball officially became a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I sport in 2015-2016. Few studies have examined the epidemiology of injuries in indoor versus beach volleyball in NCAA Division I athletes. Purpose: To compare the epidemiology of injuries and time lost from participation between female NCAA Division I athletes who participate in indoor versus beach volleyball. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Injury surveillance data (2003-2020) were obtained using an institutional database for all NCAA Division I women’s beach or indoor volleyball athletes. The total injury rate was expressed per 1000 hours played. The injury rate per body site was calculated by dividing the number of injuries in each body region by the total number of injuries. The frequency of injury per body site was also expressed as number of injuries per 1000 hours of practice or number of injuries per 1000 hours of game. The injury rate (total and per body site) and time lost from participation were compared between indoor and beach volleyball athletes. Results: Participants were 161 female NCAA Division I volleyball athletes (53 beach volleyball and 108 indoor volleyball athletes). In total, 974 injuries were recorded: 170 in beach volleyball and 804 in indoor volleyball. The injury rates for beach versus indoor volleyball were 1.8 versus 5.3 injuries per 1000 hours played (P < .0001). Indoor volleyball athletes had significantly higher injury rates compared with beach volleyball players for concussion (7.5% vs 6.5%; P < .0001) and knee injury (16.7% vs 7.6%; P = .0004); however, the rate of abdominal muscle injury was significantly higher in beach versus indoor volleyball (11.8% vs 4.7%; P = .0008). Time lost from sport participation was significantly longer in beach versus indoor volleyball for knee (24 vs 11 days; P = .047), low back (25 vs 17 days; P = .0009), and shoulder (52 vs 28 days; P = .001) injuries. Conclusion: Based on this study, injury was more likely to occur in indoor compared with beach volleyball. Sport-related concussion and knee injuries were more common in indoor volleyball, but the rate of abdominal muscle injury was higher in beach volleyball. Beach volleyball players needed longer time to recover after injuries to the knee, low back, and shoulder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Juhan
- USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ioanna K Bolia
- USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hyunwoo P Kang
- USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew Homere
- USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Russ Romano
- USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James E Tibone
- USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Seth C Gamradt
- USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander E Weber
- USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lytle JB, Parikh KB, Tarakemeh A, Vopat BG, Mulcahey MK. Epidemiology of Foot and Ankle Injuries in NCAA Jumping Athletes in the United States During 2009-2014. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967121998052. [PMID: 33948444 PMCID: PMC8053761 DOI: 10.1177/2325967121998052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foot and ankle injuries comprise a significant proportion of all injuries sustained by National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes. In particular, sports that combine jumping and rapid changes in direction are associated with increased lower extremity injuries. Purpose To describe the epidemiology of foot and ankle injuries in men's and women's jumping sports, including NCAA men's and women's basketball, women's volleyball, and women's gymnastics, during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 seasons. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Injury-surveillance data were obtained from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program for the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 seasons. Injuries were examined by mechanism, activity during injury, and participation restriction time. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios, and risk ratios with 95% CIs were calculated. Reported sex differences were calculated for men's and women's basketball. All 95% CIs not containing 1.0 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 1136 players sustained foot and ankle injuries (483 male and 653 female) over 612,680 AEs. These injuries resulted in a combined rate of 1.85 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 1.75-1.97). Ankle sprains were the most common injury (63.7%), with lateral ligamentous complex injuries making up 77.1% of all ankle sprains. The most common foot injury varied based on sport and sex. Ankle injury rates were higher in male versus female basketball players (injury rate ratio, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.13-1.57]), but foot injury rates did not differ. Among basketball and volleyball players, player contact during jumping was the most common injury mechanism. Female gymnasts had higher overuse injury rates than other athletes (0.49/1000 AEs [95% CI, 0.30-0.74]; P < .002). Overall, female basketball players were 1.81 times more likely to sustain an overuse injury than male basketball players (95% CI, 1.02-3.20; P = .02). Conclusion The most common foot and ankle injury sustained in collegiate jumping sports was a lateral ligamentous complex ankle sprain. Injury-prevention programs focusing on ankle flexibility, strength, and proprioception may help to alleviate the injury burden and lessen severity. Improving the anticipation of contact during jumping and landing may reduce injury rates and increase player safety. The increased prevalence of overuse injuries in female collegiate athletes competing in jumping sports necessitates further investigation to reduce injury rates through prevention and training programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Lytle
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kisan B Parikh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Armin Tarakemeh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Bryan G Vopat
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mary K Mulcahey
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ankle Stability and Movement Coordination Impairments: Lateral Ankle Ligament Sprains Revision 2021. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021; 51:CPG1-CPG80. [PMID: 33789434 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2021.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This revised clinical practice guideline (CPG) addresses the distinct but related lower extremity impairments of those with a first-time lateral ankle sprain (LAS) and those with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Depending on many factors, impairments may continue following injury. While most individuals experience resolution of symptoms, complaints of instability may continue and are defined as CAI. The aims of the revision were to provide a concise summary of the contemporary evidence since publication of the original guideline and to develop new recommendations or revise previously published recommendations to support evidence-based practice. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(4):CPG1-CPG80. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.0302.
Collapse
|
19
|
Data-Driven Risk Classification of Concussion Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:1227-1244. [PMID: 33721284 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussion is a growing public health concern and generating concussion prevention programs depends on identifying high-risk sports and characteristics. Identifying the roles of sport, sex, and participation level (e.g., high school versus collegiate athletics) in concussion risk would facilitate more informed decision-making regarding sports participation and generate better targeted prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES The current study's objectives were to: (1) determine the magnitude and hierarchy of sports-related concussion (SRC) risk across an array of events and (2) evaluate the modifying roles of sex, participation level, and session type on SRC rates. METHODS A literature search was conducted on PubMed, searching concussion studies published between 2001 and December 2019. Inclusion criteria for studies required: (1) concussion occurred during sport, (2) that the SRC was clinically diagnosed, and (3) athlete exposures and concussions could be extracted or estimated. A study was excluded if it: (1) was not an original research article, (2) was not written in English language, (3) was an animal study, (4) did not have enough data to calculate SRC rates, (5) included professional or youth sample, and/or (6) contained data collected prior to 2001. The meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were fit using a random effects model. RESULTS Search results returned 2695 unique research articles, with 83 studies included in analyses. Sport, sex, participation level, and session type all significantly influenced SRC rates. Overall, rugby had the highest concussion rate and was classified as the highest risk sport (28.25 concussions per 10,000 athlete exposures). Overall, females had a higher concussion rate than males. Only lacrosse demonstrated a higher concussion rate for males compared to females. Collegiate athletes had higher concussion rates than high school athletes. Games were associated with 2.01 more concussions per 10,000 AEs than practices. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrated rugby has the highest concussion risk, followed by American Football, ice hockey, and wrestling. Concussion risk was influenced by sport, sex, participation, and session. Identifying the factors and environments that influence concussion risk can facilitate risk reduction and prevention strategies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mizoguchi Y, Akasaka K, Otsudo T, Hall T. Physical function characteristics in Japanese high school volleyball players with low back pain: A case-controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23178. [PMID: 33181694 PMCID: PMC7668454 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a typical symptom in volleyball players, yet associated physical function factors have not been identified. This study purpose is to determine the relationship between LBP and physical function factors in order to identify potential factors for the management of LBP.Participants were 123 male and female volleyball players of 15- to 17-year-olds who, completed a questionnaire regarding demographic details, presence of LBP, and years of volleyball experience. Participants were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of current LBP and evaluated on physical function tests. The results of the questionnaire response and physical function test were compared between the 2 groups. Data were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression analysis with presence and absence of current LBP as the explanatory variable.11.4% of all participants reported current LBP. Physical function factors associated with current LBP were a positive modified Thomas test, years of volleyball experience and reduced range of motion of shoulder horizontal abduction on the dominant hand side.The associations between physical function factors and LBP found in this survey suggest that attention should be given to more experienced players with decreased flexibility of hip and shoulder flexors on the dominant side in order to manage LBP in high school volleyball players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Mizoguchi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University Hospital, 38 Morohongo
| | - Kiyokazu Akasaka
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Otsudo
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toby Hall
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Manual Concept, PO Box 1236, Booragoon, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McGuine TA, Post E, Biese K, Kliethermes S, Bell D, Watson A, Brooks A, Lang P. The Incidence and Risk Factors for Injuries in Girls Volleyball: A Prospective Study of 2072 Players. J Athl Train 2020; 58:446976. [PMID: 33150377 PMCID: PMC10072088 DOI: 10.4085/182-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Girls high school volleyball is very popular across the United States. There is limited prospective data regarding the incidence and risk factors of time loss (TL) and non-time loss (NTL) injuries sustained in this population. OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence and describe the characteristics of injuries (TL and NTL) sustained in a girls' high school volleyball season. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Convenience sample of 78 high school interscholastic volleyball programs. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS High school volleyball players participating during the 2018 interscholastic season. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES TL and NTL injury rates, proportions, rate ratios, and with 95%CI. RESULTS A total of 2,072 girls enrolled in the study with 468 subjects (22.5%) sustaining 549 injuries (NTL=28.4%, TL=71.6%) for an overall injury rate of 5.31 [4.89, 5.79] per 1000 AEs. The competition injury rate was greater than the practice injury rate for all injuries (IRR: 1.19, [1.00, 1.41]) and TL injuries (IRR: 1.31, [1.07, 1.60]). Players with a previous musculoskeletal injury had a higher rate of TL than NTL injuries (IRR; 1.36 [1.12, 1.65]). Ankle injuries accounted for the greatest proportion of TL injuries (n=110, 28%), while the greatest proportion of NTL injuries occurred in the hand/fingers (n=34, 22%). Moreover, ligament sprains accounted for 40% of TL injuries (n=156), whereas muscle/tendon strains (n=79, 51%) accounted for over half of all NTL injuries. CONCLUSIONS While the majority of injuries sustained by adolescent girls' volleyball athletes were TL in nature, nearly a third of all injuries were NTL injuries. Injury characteristics differed widely between TL and NTL injuries. Understanding the most common types and characteristics of injury among high school volleyball players is critical for the development of effective injury prevention programs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Skazalski C, Bahr R, Whiteley R. Shoulder complaints more likely in volleyball players with a thickened bursa or supraspinatus tendon neovessels. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:480-488. [PMID: 32965721 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Shoulder problems are common in volleyball and greatly impede both training and player performance. Subacromial bursa (SAB) thickening and tendon neovascularity have shown relevance in other populations, but their relationship with the development of shoulder complaints has not been investigated in volleyball players or overhead-throwing athletes. The study aim was to examine the role of SAB thickness, neovascularization of the supraspinatus tendon, shoulder strength, range of motion (ROM), player position, and age in the development of shoulder complaints in professional volleyball players. Players underwent preseason baseline testing (n = 86) and reported shoulder complaints during the subsequent 12-week period. Generalized estimating equations were used to model for probabilities of complaints after adjusting for player position, SAB side-to-side difference, neovessel presence, shoulder external rotation (ER) ROM, and age. Outside hitters and opposites were 12.2-fold more likely to develop complaints, and greater shoulder ER ROM increased risk by 8% for each additional degree. A side-to-side difference in SAB thickness ≥0.3 mm in the dominant compared with the non-dominant arm was associated with a 10.2-fold increased risk. Those with neovessels were 6.5 times more likely to develop complaints. Players without neovessels and with normal SAB thickness were very unlikely to develop complaints. This stark contrast to players with neovessels or increased SAB thickness, where nearly half of the players developed complaints, is of interest. Players with current complaints at baseline presented with greater IR:ER strength ratios; however, neither strength nor IR ROM at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing complaints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Skazalski
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rod Whiteley
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Low Energy, Lateral Ankle Injuries in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: A Systematic Review of Ankle Sprains and Nondisplaced Distal Fibula Fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 2020; 40:283-287. [PMID: 32501909 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000001438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral ankle injuries are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries sustained by pediatric and adolescent athletes. These injuries can result in significant time lost from competition, affect performance when returning to play, and represent a significant burden on the health care system as a whole. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute lateral ankle injuries and their chronic effects in pediatric and adolescent athletes (younger than 19 y). METHODS This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines between September and December 2018. PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically searched using the search terms: ("distal fibula fracture" OR "ankle sprain") AND ("youth" OR "pediatric" OR "adolescent"). All authors participated in article review (N=172) for relevance and age restrictions in which 30 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Thirty articles met inclusion criteria [Levels of Evidence I to IV (I: n=4, II: n=16, III: n=9, and IV: n=1)] including distal fibula fracture diagnosis and treatment, and risk factors, prevention, and chronic sequela of lateral ankle injuries in pediatric and adolescent patients. CONCLUSIONS Low-energy, lateral ankle injuries are common in pediatric and adolescent patients, yet underrepresented in the medical literature. There is a lack of high-quality literature on diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes after Salter-Harris I distal fibula fractures. Available literature, however, suggests that there remains over diagnosis and over treatment of presumed Salter-Harris I distal fibula fractures. Adolescent ankle sprains dominate the available literature likely due to the high recurrence rate. Youth athletes and coaches should address risk factors and engage in injury prevention programs to prevent and minimize the effect of acute lateral ankle injuries. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level III-Systematic review.
Collapse
|
24
|
Preseason Functional Performance Test Measures Are Associated With Injury in Female College Volleyball Players. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 29:320-325. [DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context:Preseason functional performance test measures have been associated with noncontact time-loss injury in some athletic populations. However, findings have been equivocal with many studies consisting of heterogeneous populations.Objective:To determine if preseason standing long jump and/or single-leg hop test scores are associated with a noncontact time-loss injury to the lower quadrant (LQ = low back or lower-extremities) in female Division III college volleyball (VB) players.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III female VB teams.Patients:A total of 82 female college VB players (age = 18.9 [1.0] y).Main Outcome Measures:Standing long jump and single-leg hop test measures were collected at the start of the official preseason. Athletic trainers tracked all time-loss injuries and their mechanisms. Athletes were categorized as at risk if their preseason standing long jump <80% height, bilateral single-leg hop <70% height, and had a SLH side-to-side asymmetry >10%.Results:The noncontact time-loss overall injury rate for the LQ region in at-risk athletes was 13.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3–31.5) per 1000 athletic exposures. At-risk athletes were significantly more likely to experience a noncontact time-loss injury than VB players in the referent group (rate ratio = 6.2; 95% CI, 1.9–17.2;P = .008). The relative risk of sustaining a noncontact time-loss injury to the LQ was 4 times greater in the at-risk group (relative risk = 4.6; 95% CI, 2.1–10.1;P = .01). At-risk athletes were 6 times more likely to experience a foot or ankle injury (relative risk = 6.3; 95% CI, 2.1–19.2;P = .008).Conclusion:Suboptimal performance on a battery of functional performance tests is associated with a significantly greater risk of noncontact time-loss injury to the LQ in female Division III college VB players.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yabe Y, Hagiwara Y, Sekiguchi T, Momma H, Tsuchiya M, Kanazawa K, Itaya N, Yoshida S, Sogi Y, Yano T, Onoki T, Itoi E, Nagatomi R. Association between lower back pain and lower extremity pain among young volleyball players: A cross-sectional study. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 43:65-69. [PMID: 32092669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower back pain (LBP), as well as lower extremity injuries, are major problems among young volleyball players. Nevertheless, only few studies have focused on the relationship between lower extremity injuries and LBP. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between LBP and lower extremity pain, including knee and ankle pain, among young volleyball players. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Amateur sports association. PARTICIPANTS Elementary and middle school-aged athletes (6-15 years of age). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES LBP and lower extremity pain. RESULTS A total of 566 young volleyball players participated in this study. The point prevalence of LBP among young volleyball players was 9.5%. Using absence of lower extremity pain as a reference, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for LBP was 11.07 (5.64-21.71) in the presence of lower extremity pain. CONCLUSIONS LBP is associated with Lower extremity pain among young volleyball players. Careful attention should be paid to lower extremity complaints to prevent and treat LBP among young volleyball players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan; Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Takuya Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Haruki Momma
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, 1-8-1 Kunimi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Itaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shinichirou Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Sogi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Yano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takahiro Onoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ankle Bracing is Effective for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Acute Ankle Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Sports Med 2019; 48:2775-2784. [PMID: 30298478 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle bracing has been verified as being effective for secondary prevention of ankle injuries. However, new studies have recently been published that are not included in previous meta-analyses. Furthermore, the effects of bracing for primary prevention of ankle injuries are still unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article was to systematically review the literature about the effectiveness of ankle bracing on primary and secondary prevention of acute ankle injuries in athletes. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and PEDro databases for eligible articles until July 2018. Randomized controlled trials that studied ankle bracing vs. no intervention for athletes were included. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Meta-analyses were conducted to study the effect of ankle bracing for primary and secondary prevention of ankle injuries. The Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method was used to determine the quality of evidence. RESULTS We included six randomized controlled trials. Significant risk ratios of 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.32-0.88) and 0.37 (95% confidence interval 0.24-0.58) were found in favor of ankle bracing vs. no ankle bracing for primary (low quality of evidence, I2 = 77%) and secondary prevention (moderate quality of evidence, I2 = 0%) of acute ankle injuries. Numbers needed to treat were 26 and 12 for the primary and secondary prevention of acute ankle injuries. CONCLUSIONS Ankle bracing is effective for primary and secondary prevention of acute ankle injuries among athletes. However, conclusions in regard to primary prevention should be drawn cautiously because of the low quality of evidence and significant heterogeneity.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mizoguchi Y, Akasaka K, Otsudo T, Hall T. Factors associated with low back pain in elite high school volleyball players. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:675-681. [PMID: 31528008 PMCID: PMC6698479 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To determine the relationship between low back pain and a range of
demographic, environmental, and injury history factors to identify potential factors for
the management of low back pain. [Participants and Methods] The participants were 123
elite high school male and female volleyball players. They answered an extensive
questionnaire regarding demographic details, low back pain in the previous year,
volleyball-specific movements, previous regional injuries, and years of volleyball
experience. Questionnaire responses were analyzed. Data were analyzed using a multivariate
logistic regression analysis using the presence and absence of low back pain within 1 year
as the explanatory variable. [Results] Of the 123 volleyball players, 48.0% reported low
back pain. The volleyball-specific movements that induced pain were diverse (e.g., spike,
serve, and pass) with no common factor. The factors associated with low back pain were an
ankle injury within the previous year and years of volleyball experience. [Conclusion] The
associations found in this survey indicate that particular attention should be given to
more experienced players with a history of ankle injury to manage low back pain in high
school volleyball players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Mizoguchi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Akasaka
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine: 981 Kawakado, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama 350-0496, Japan.,School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Otsudo
- Saitama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine: 981 Kawakado, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama 350-0496, Japan.,School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Toby Hall
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pierpoint LA, Caswell SV, Walker N, Lincoln AE, Currie DW, Knowles SB, Wasserman EB, Dompier TP, Comstock RD, Marshall SW, Kerr ZY. The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Lacrosse (2008-2009 Through 2013-2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Lacrosse (2004-2005 Through 2013-2014). J Athl Train 2019; 54:42-54. [PMID: 30848952 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-201-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO) system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) has aided the acquisition of girls' and women's lacrosse injury data. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' lacrosse in the 2008-2009 through 2013-2014 academic years and collegiate women's lacrosse in the 2004-2005 through 2013-2014-academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Online injury surveillance from high school girls' (annual average = 55) and collegiate women's (annual average = 19) lacrosse teams. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Female lacrosse players who participated in practices or competitions during the 2008-2009 through 2013-2014 academic years for high school or the 2004-2005 through 2013-2014 academic years for college. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Athletic trainers collected time-loss injury (≥24 hours) and exposure data. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis. RESULTS High school RIO documented 700 time-loss injuries during 481 687 AEs; the NCAA-ISP documented 1027 time-loss injuries during 287 856 AEs. The total injury rate during 2008-2009 through 2013-2014 was higher in college than in high school (2.55 versus 1.45/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.54, 1.99). Most injuries occurred during competitions in high school (51.1%) and practices in college (63.8%). Rates were higher during competitions compared with practices in high school (IRR = 2.32; 95% CI = 2.00, 2.69) and college (IRR = 2.38; 95% CI = 2.09, 2.70). Concussion was the most common diagnosis among all high school and most collegiate player positions, and the main mechanism of contact was with a playing apparatus (eg, stick, ball). Ligament sprains were also common (HS RIO practices = 22.2%, competitions = 30.3%; NCAA-ISP practices = 25.5%, competitions = 30.9%). CONCLUSIONS Rates of injury were higher in college versus high school female lacrosse players and in competitions versus practices. Injury-prevention strategies are essential to decrease the incidence and severity of concussions and ligament sprains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Pierpoint
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora
| | - Shane V Caswell
- Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, VA
| | - Nina Walker
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Dustin W Currie
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora
| | | | - Erin B Wasserman
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thomas P Dompier
- Department of Athletic Training, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, PA
| | - R Dawn Comstock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Migliorini F, Rath B, Tingart M, Niewiera M, Colarossi G, Baroncini A, Eschweiler J. Injuries among volleyball players: a comprehensive survey of the literature. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
30
|
Chiu LZF, vonGaza GL. Analysis of different volleyballs' collision mechanics across a range of incident velocities. Sports Biomech 2018; 19:817-830. [PMID: 30526369 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2018.1535618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Volleyball involves low-to-high-velocity collisions between the ball and a player. This research examined the kinematics, energetics and impact forces during collisions of different volleyballs across a range of incident velocities. Seven volleyball types were projected downwards between 8 and 30 m/s, impacting on a force platform. Recorded video was digitised and used to calculate incident and rebound velocities, and kinetic energy lost. Peak impact force was determined from the force platform. All ball types had a linear relation between incident and rebound velocities. Four balls had lower while three balls had higher rebound velocities. The slope of this relation varied across ball types. These data indicate that each volleyball type has unique behaviour during collisions; how a player should interact with a ball will depend on the ball type and the incident velocity. The kinetic energy lost was unrelated to peak impact force; of the two ball types with the highest peak impact force, one had the highest and the other the lowest kinetic energy lost. The varying combinations of kinetic energy lost and peak impact force may be useful to examine the role of each of these variables in collision injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loren Z F Chiu
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gabriella L vonGaza
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Clifton DR, Hertel J, Onate JA, Currie DW, Pierpoint LA, Wasserman EB, Knowles SB, Dompier TP, Comstock RD, Marshall SW, Kerr ZY. The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Basketball (2005-2006 Through 2013-2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Basketball (2004-2005 Through 2013-2014). J Athl Train 2018; 53:1037-1048. [PMID: 30715913 PMCID: PMC6333223 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-150-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of girls' and women's basketball injury data. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' basketball in the 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 academic years and collegiate women's basketball in the 2004-2005 through 2013-2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Online injury surveillance from basketball teams in high school girls (annual average = 100) and collegiate women (annual average = 57). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Girls' and women's basketball players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 academic years in high school or the 2004-2005 through 2013-2014 academic years in college. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Certified athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were calculated. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare injury rates by school size or division, time in season, event type, and competition level. RESULTS The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 2930 time-loss injuries during 1 609 733 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 3887 time-loss injuries during 783 600 AEs. The injury rate was higher in college than in high school (4.96 versus 1.82/1000 AEs; IRR = 2.73; 95% CI = 2.60, 2.86). The injury rate was higher in competitions than in practices for both high school (IRR = 3.03; 95% CI = 2.82, 3.26) and collegiate (IRR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.86, 2.12) players. The most common injuries at both levels were ligament sprains, concussions, and muscle/tendon strains; the majority of injuries affected the ankle, knee, and head/face. These injuries were often caused by contact with another player or a noncontact mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Injury rates were higher in collegiate than in high school athletes and in competitions than in practices. Similarities in distributions of injuries by body parts, specific diagnoses, and mechanisms of injury suggest that both levels may benefit from similar injury-prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Clifton
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Jay Hertel
- Department of Kinesiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - James A. Onate
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Dustin W. Currie
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora
| | - Lauren A. Pierpoint
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora
| | - Erin B. Wasserman
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | - R. Dawn Comstock
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Stephen W. Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Zachary Y. Kerr
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Clifton DR, Onate JA, Hertel J, Pierpoint LA, Currie DW, Wasserman EB, Knowles SB, Dompier TP, Marshall SW, Comstock RD, Kerr ZY. The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Boys' Basketball (2005-2006 Through 2013-2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Basketball (2004-2005 Through 2013-2014). J Athl Train 2018; 53:1025-1036. [PMID: 30715912 PMCID: PMC6333228 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-148-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of boys' and men's basketball injury data. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school boys' basketball in the 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 academic years and collegiate men's basketball in the 2004-2005 through 2013-2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Online injury surveillance from basketball teams of high school boys (annual average = 100) and collegiate men (annual average = 55). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Boys' and men's basketball players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 academic years in high school or the 2004-2005 through 2013-2014 academic years in college. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were calculated. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared injury rates by school size or division, time in season, event type, and competition level. RESULTS The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 3056 time-loss injuries during 1 977 480 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 4607 time-loss injuries during 868 631 AEs. The injury rate was higher for college than for high school (5.30 versus 1.55/1000 AE; IRR = 3.43; 95% CI = 3.28, 3.59). The injury rate was higher for competitions than for practices in both high school (IRR = 2.38; 95% CI = 2.22, 2.56) and college (IRR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.90, 2.14). The most common injuries at both levels were ligament sprains, muscle/tendon strains, and concussions; most injuries affected the ankle, knee, and head/face. Injuries were most often caused by contact with another player or noncontact mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Injury rates were greater among collegiate players compared with high school players and were greater during competitions than practices at both levels. Distributions of injuries by body part, diagnoses, and mechanisms of injury were similar, suggesting that athletes at both levels may benefit from similar injury-prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Clifton
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - James A. Onate
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Jay Hertel
- Department of Kinesiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Lauren A. Pierpoint
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora
| | - Dustin W. Currie
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora
| | - Erin B. Wasserman
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Thomas P. Dompier
- Department of Athletic Training, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, PA
| | - Stephen W. Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - R. Dawn Comstock
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Zachary Y. Kerr
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
DiStefano LJ, Dann CL, Chang CJ, Putukian M, Pierpoint LA, Currie DW, Knowles SB, Wasserman EB, Dompier TP, Comstock RD, Marshall SW, Kerr ZY. The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Soccer (2005-2006 Through 2013-2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Soccer (2004-2005 Through 2013-2014). J Athl Train 2018; 53:880-892. [PMID: 30372637 PMCID: PMC6208306 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-156-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT: The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of girls' and women's soccer injury data. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' soccer in the 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 academic years and collegiate women's soccer in the 2004-2005 through 2013-2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING: Online injury surveillance from soccer teams in high school girls (annual average = 100) and collegiate women (annual average = 52). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Female high school and collegiate soccer players who participated in practices or competitions during the 2004-2005 through 2013-2014 academic years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), injury proportions by body site, and diagnoses were calculated. RESULTS: The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 3242 time-loss injuries during 1 393 753 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 5092 time-loss injuries during 772 048 AEs. Injury rates were higher in college than in high school (6.60 versus 2.33/1000 AEs; IRR = 2.84; 95% CI = 2.71, 2.96), and during competitions than during practices in high school (IRR = 4.88; 95% CI = 4.54, 5.26) and college (IRR = 2.93; 95% CI = 2.77, 3.10). Most injuries at both levels affected the lower extremity and were ligament sprains or muscle/tendon strains. Concussions accounted for 24.5% of competition injuries in high school but 14.6% of competition injuries in college. More than one-third of competition injuries to high school goalkeepers were concussions. CONCLUSIONS: Injury rates were higher in college versus high school and during competitions versus practices. These differences may be attributable to differences in reporting, activity intensity, and game-play skill level. The high incidence of lower extremity injuries and concussions in girls' and women's soccer, particularly concussions in high school goalkeepers, merits further exploration and identification of prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catie L. Dann
- Athletics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Cindy J. Chang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Family & Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Lauren A. Pierpoint
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora
| | - Dustin W. Currie
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora
| | | | - Erin B. Wasserman
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thomas P. Dompier
- Department of Athletic Training, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, PA
| | - R. Dawn Comstock
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Stephen W. Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Zachary Y. Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fortington LV, van der Worp H, van den Akker-Scheek I, Finch CF. Reporting Multiple Individual Injuries in Studies of Team Ball Sports: A Systematic Review of Current Practice. Sports Med 2018; 47:1103-1122. [PMID: 27785773 PMCID: PMC5432578 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background To identify and prioritise targets for injury prevention efforts, injury incidence studies are widely reported. The accuracy and consistency in calculation and reporting of injury incidence is crucial. Many individuals experience more than one injury but multiple injuries are not consistently reported in sport injury incidence studies. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate current practice of how multiple injuries within individuals have been defined and reported in prospective, long-term, injury studies in team ball sports. Data Sources A systematic search of three online databases for articles published before 2016. Study Selection Publications were included if (1) they collected prospective data on musculoskeletal injuries in individual participants; (2) the study duration was >1 consecutive calendar year/season; and (3) individuals were the unit of analysis. Data Extraction Key study features were summarised, including definitions of injury, how multiple individual injuries were reported and results relating to multiple injuries. Results Of the 71 publications included, half did not specifically indicate multiple individual injuries; those that did were largely limited to reporting recurrent injuries. Eight studies reported the number/proportion of athletes with more than one injury, and 11 studies presented the mean/number of injuries per athlete. Conclusions Despite it being relatively common to collect data on individuals across more than one season, the reporting of multiple injuries within individuals is much more limited. Ultimately, better addressing of multiple injuries will improve the accuracy of injury incidence studies and enable more precise targeting and monitoring of the effectiveness of preventive interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0637-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Fortington
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, SMB Campus, PO Box 663, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia.
| | - Henk van der Worp
- Center for Sports Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge van den Akker-Scheek
- Center for Sports Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, SMB Campus, PO Box 663, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Asker M, Brooke HL, Waldén M, Tranaeus U, Johansson F, Skillgate E, Holm LW. Risk factors for, and prevention of, shoulder injuries in overhead sports: a systematic review with best-evidence synthesis. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:1312-1319. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess the evidence for risk factors and prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports.DesignSystematic review with best-evidence synthesis.Data sourcesMedline (Ovid), PubMed (complementary search), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane (Wiley), SPORTDiscus (Ebsco) and Web of Science Core Collection (Thomson Reuters), from 1 January 1990 to 15 May 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies on risk factors or prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports. The eligible studies were quality assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria.ResultsOf 4778 studies identified, 38 were eligible for quality review and 17 met the quality criteria to be included in the evidence synthesis. One additional quality study presented a shoulder injury prevention programme. Most studies focused on baseball, lacrosse or volleyball (n=13). The risk factors examined included participation level (competition vs training) (n=10), sex (n=4), biomechanics (n=2) and external workload (n=2). The evidence for all risk factors was limited or conflicting. The effect of the prevention programme within the subgroup of uninjured players at baseline was modest and possibly lacked statistical power.ConclusionsAll investigated potential risk factors for shoulder injury in overhead sports had limited evidence, and most were non-modifiable (eg, sex). There is also limited evidence for the effect of shoulder injury prevention measures in overhead sports.PROSPERO trial registration numberCRD42015026850.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Sport concussion (SC) has emerged as a major health concern in the medical community and general public owing to increased research and media attention, which has primarily focused on male athletes. Female athletes have an equal, if not increased, susceptibility to SC. An ever-growing body of research continues to compare male and female athletes in terms of SC before and after an injury. Clinicians must be cognizant of this literature to make evidence-based clinical decision when providing care to female athletes and discern between dated and/or unsupported claims in terms of SC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Resch
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, 210 Emmet Street South, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Amanda Rach
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Samuel Walton
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, 210 Emmet Street South, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Donna K Broshek
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Matos JM, Gonzalez L, Kfoury E, Echeverria A, Bechara CF, Lin PH. Outcomes following operative management of thoracic outlet syndrome in the pediatric patients. Vascular 2018; 26:410-417. [DOI: 10.1177/1708538117747628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Thoracic outlet syndrome, a condition commonly reported in adults, occurs infrequently in the pediatric population. The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of surgical interventions of thoracic outlet syndrome in pediatric patients. Methods Clinical records of all pediatric patients with thoracic outlet syndrome who underwent operative repair from 2002 to 2015 in a tertiary pediatric hospital were reviewed. Pertinent clinical variables and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Results Sixty-eight patients underwent a total of 72 thoracic outlet syndrome operations (mean age 15.7 years). Venous, neurogenic, and arterial thoracic outlet syndromes occurred in 39 (57%), 21 (31%), and 8 (12%) patients, respectively. Common risk factors for children with venous thoracic outlet syndrome included sports-related injuries (40%) and hypercoagulable disorders (33%). Thirty-five patients (90%) with venous thoracic outlet syndrome underwent catheter-based interventions followed by surgical decompression. All patients underwent first rib resection with scalenectomy via either a supraclavicular approach (n = 60, 88%) or combined supraclavicular and infraclavicular incisions (n = 8, 12%). Concomitant temporary arteriovenous fistula creation was performed in 14 patients (36%). Three patients with arterial thoracic outlet syndrome underwent first rib resection with concomitant subclavian artery aneurysm repair. The mean follow-up duration was 38.4 ± 11.6 months. Long-term symptomatic relief was achieved in 94% of patients. Conclusions Venous thoracic outlet syndrome is the most common form of thoracic outlet syndrome in children, followed by neurogenic and arterial thoracic outlet syndromes. Competitive sports-related injuries remain the most common risk factor for venous and neurogenic thoracic outlet syndromes. Temporary arteriovenous fistula creation was useful in venous thoracic outlet syndrome patients in selective children. Surgical decompression provides durable treatment success in children with all subtypes of thoracic outlet syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Matos
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houstan, TX, USA
| | - Lorena Gonzalez
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houstan, TX, USA
| | - Elias Kfoury
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houstan, TX, USA
| | - Angela Echeverria
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houstan, TX, USA
| | - Carlos F Bechara
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houstan, TX, USA
| | - Peter H Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houstan, TX, USA
- University Vascular Associates, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Walbright PD, Walbright N, Ojha H, Davenport T. VALIDITY OF FUNCTIONAL SCREENING TESTS TO PREDICT LOST-TIME LOWER QUARTER INJURY IN A COHORT OF FEMALE COLLEGIATE ATHLETES. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2017; 12:948-959. [PMID: 29158956 PMCID: PMC5675370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower quarter injuries account for more than 50% of all injuries in collegiate athletics. Neuromuscular screening tests could potentially identify athletes who are at risk for sustaining an injury. While previous research has studied individual tests, the authors of this paper are unaware of any study that has compared diagnostic accuracy of multiple neuromuscular screening tests within one study cohort. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of three common neuromuscular screening tests to predict the occurrence of a lower quarter injury in female collegiate volleyball and basketball players. STUDY DESIGN Prospective Cohort. METHODS Thirty-five subjects underwent a pre-season screening by performing the Y-balance test, the Functional Movement ScreenTM, and Single Leg Hop test. Data were collected on lower quarter injury incidence, lost practice time, and lost competition time among subjects throughout the course of one season. Receiver operating characteristics curves were plotted and area under the curve was calculated to assess the relationship between lower extremity injury incidence and the scores of the functional tests. RESULTS Lost-time injuries occurred in 11 athletes (31.4%), of whom, six athletes (17.1%) lost 50 hours or greater. There were no significant relationships between occurrence of a lost-time lower extremity injury and scores on any of the three tests. Positive and negative likelihood ratios all included the value of 1.0. CONCLUSIONS Although reliable, the screening tests under study did not appear to retain adequate validity to predict lower quarter injury risk within these female collegiate athletes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi Ojha
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Baugh CM, Weintraub GS, Gregory AJ, Djoko A, Dompier TP, Kerr ZY. Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries Sustained in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men’s and Women’s Volleyball, 2013-2014 to 2014-2015. Sports Health 2017; 10:60-69. [PMID: 28985702 PMCID: PMC5753967 DOI: 10.1177/1941738117733685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There were 18,844 volleyball players in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the 2014-2015 academic year. Little research has examined sex-based differences among these athletes. Purpose: To examine injury epidemiology in NCAA men’s and women’s volleyball athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Injury surveillance data from the 2013-2014 through 2014-2015 academic years were obtained from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program for 6 men’s and 33 women’s collegiate volleyball teams. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs were calculated. Time-loss (TL) injuries resulted in participation restriction for at least 24 hours, and non-time-loss (NTL) injuries resulted in participation restriction of less than 24 hours. Results: Overall, 83 and 510 injuries were reported in men and women, respectively, leading to injury rates of 4.69 and 7.07 per 1000 AEs. The injury rate was greater in women than men (IRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.19-1.90). TL injury rates were 1.75 and 2.62 per 1000 AEs for men and women, respectively. The ankle was the most commonly injured body part among TL injuries (men, 25.8%; women, 24.3%); the knee was the most commonly injured body part among NTL injuries (men, 25.5%; women, 16.3%). Among TL injuries, common diagnoses included sprains (men, 25.8%; women, 31.2%) and concussions (men, 19.4%; women, 14.8%). Most TL concussions were due to ball contact (men, 83.3%; women, 53.6%). Compared with men, women had a greater NTL overuse injury rate (IRR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.61-7.46). Compared with women, men had a greater TL injury rate associated with ball contact (IRR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.07-4.68). Conclusion: There are differences in injury patterns and rates between male and female intercollegiate volleyball players. Although a limited-contact sport, a notable number of concussions were sustained, mostly from ball contact. Clinical Relevance: Understanding injury patterns may aid clinicians in injury diagnosis, management, and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Baugh
- Interfaculty Initiative in Health Policy, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Aristarque Djoko
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Thomas P. Dompier
- Department of Athletic Training, Lebanon Valley College, Annville, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary Y. Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mauntel TC, Wikstrom EA, Roos KG, Djoko A, Dompier TP, Kerr ZY. The Epidemiology of High Ankle Sprains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:2156-2163. [PMID: 28423285 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517701428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle sprains are among the most common injuries experienced by collegiate athletes. The type of ankle sprain is rarely differentiated in epidemiological studies. This differentiation is necessary, as each ankle sprain type has a unique injury mechanism and recovery period. High ankle sprains commonly result in long recovery periods. Thus, a further examination of the epidemiology of high ankle sprains is warranted. PURPOSE To describe the epidemiology of high ankle sprains in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports during the 2009/2010-2014/2015 academic years. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS NCAA Injury Surveillance Program high ankle sprain data and athlete-exposures (AEs) from 25 sports were evaluated. Certified athletic trainers recorded sport-related injury, event, and AE data during team-sanctioned events. High ankle sprain injury rates per 10,000 AEs were calculated. Percentage distributions were calculated for the amount of time lost from sport and percentage of recurrent injuries. Injury rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs compared injury rates by event type, participation restriction time, and sex. 95% CIs not containing 1.00 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall high ankle sprain injury rate was 1.00 per 10,000 AEs. Overall, 56.7% of high ankle sprain injuries occurred during competitions, and 9.8% of high ankle sprain injuries were recurrent. Men's football (2.42/10,000 AEs), wrestling (2.11/10,000 AEs), and ice hockey (1.19/10,000 AEs) had the highest high ankle sprain injury rates. In sex-comparable sports, men had higher injury rates (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.28-2.44). Player contact was the most common injury mechanism (60.4%), and 69.0% of injuries resulted in ≥1 day of participation restriction, with 47.1% resulting in ≥7 days of participation restriction and 15.8% resulting in >21 days of participation restriction. CONCLUSION High ankle sprains resulted in significant participation restriction time from sport participation. The majority of high ankle sprain injuries resulted from player contact and were observed in contact/collision sports. The large proportion of high ankle sprains resulting from player contact, specifically in male contact sports, is worthy of further investigation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The enhanced understanding of the epidemiology of high ankle sprains provided in our study will aid clinicians in developing targeted injury prevention strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of these injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Mauntel
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik A Wikstrom
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen G Roos
- California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Aristarque Djoko
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas P Dompier
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sole CJ, Kavanaugh AA, Stone MH. Injuries in Collegiate Women's Volleyball: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis. Sports (Basel) 2017; 5:sports5020026. [PMID: 29910386 PMCID: PMC5968995 DOI: 10.3390/sports5020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A four-year retrospective analysis of injury data was conducted on a collegiate (NCAA Division I) women’s volleyball team. Twenty athletes (Year 1: age = 19.4 ± 0.9 y, height = 175.2 ± 5.1 cm, body mass = 70.5 ± 10.2 kg; Year 2: age = 20.1 ± 1.0 y, height = 175.7 ± 4.7 cm, body mass = 69.5 ± 10.1 kg; Year 3: age = 20.1 ± 1.4 y, height = 173.8 ± 6.3 cm, body mass = 69.9 ± 10.8 kg; Year 4: age = 19.5 ± 1.4 y, height = 174.4 ± 8.6 cm, body mass = 72.7 ± 10.8 kg) participated in this study, accounting for 1483 total training exposures. Injury was defined as any damage to a body part, incurred during volleyball or strength and conditioning-related activities, which interfered with training and/or competition. Injury rate was normalized to the number of athletes and exposure and expressed as injuries per 1000 exposures. A total of 133 injuries were recorded. The most common injury was to the knee (left = 7.5%, right = 12.0%). Injuries occurred most often in volleyball practice (75.2%), followed by competition (20.3%), and strength and conditioning-related activities (4.5%). Non-contact injuries (upper body = 26.3%, lower body = 53.4%) were more common than contact injuries (upper-body = 13.5%, lower-body = 6.8%). An examination of injury rates relative to the training year revealed patterns in injury occurrence. Specifically, spikes in injury rate were consistently observed during periods of increased training volume that were preceded by breaks in organized training, such as the early pre-season and off-season training periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Sole
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29409, USA.
| | - Ashley A Kavanaugh
- Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - Michael H Stone
- Center of Excellence for Sport Science and Coach Education, Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Clifton DR, Onate JA, Schussler E, Djoko A, Dompier TP, Kerr ZY. Epidemiology of Knee Sprains in Youth, High School, and Collegiate American Football Players. J Athl Train 2017; 52:464-473. [PMID: 28414917 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.3.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Variations in knee-sprain incidence among competition levels are unclear but may help inform prevention strategies in American football players. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of knee sprains in youth, high school, and collegiate football players. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data were collected from 3 injury-surveillance programs at the youth, high school, and collegiate competition levels. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Data from 310 youth, 184 high school, and 71 collegiate football team-seasons were collected during the 2012 through 2014 seasons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Knee-sprain rates and risks were calculated for each competition level. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) and risk ratios (RRs) compared knee-sprain rates by competition level. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) compared differences in surgery needs, recurrence, injury mechanism, and injury activity by competition level. RESULTS Knee-sprain rates in youth, high school, and collegiate football were 0.16/1000 AEs, 0.25/1000 AEs, and 0.69/1000 AEs, respectively. Knee-sprain rates increased as the competition level increased (high school versus youth: IRR = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 2.30; collegiate versus high school: IRR = 2.73; 95% CI = 2.38, 3.96). Knee-sprain risk was highest in collegiate (4.3%), followed by high school (2.0%) and youth (0.5%) athletes. Knee-sprain risk increased as the competition level increased (high school versus youth: RR = 3.73; 95% CI = 2.60, 5.34; collegiate versus high school: RR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.83, 2.51). Collegiate football had the lowest proportion of knee sprains that were noncontact injuries (collegiate versus youth: IPR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.95; collegiate versus high school: IPR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.44, 0.79) and the lowest proportion that occurred while being tackled (collegiate versus youth: IPR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.76; collegiate versus high school: IPR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Knee-sprain incidence was highest in collegiate football. However, level-specific variations in the distributions of knee sprains by injury activity may highlight the need to develop level-specific policies and prevention strategies that ensure safe sports play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Clifton
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - James A Onate
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Eric Schussler
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Aristarque Djoko
- The Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thomas P Dompier
- The Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kilic O, Maas M, Verhagen E, Zwerver J, Gouttebarge V. Incidence, aetiology and prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in volleyball: A systematic review of the literature. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:765-793. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1306114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Kilic
- Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Consumer Safety Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Maas
- Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Academic Medical Center/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J. Zwerver
- Center for Sports Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - V. Gouttebarge
- Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Consumer Safety Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Clifton DR, Koldenhoven RM, Hertel J, Onate JA, Dompier TP, Kerr ZY. Epidemiological Patterns of Ankle Sprains in Youth, High School, and College Football. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:417-425. [PMID: 28146396 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516667914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in ankle injury rates and distributions among competition levels are unclear, but such data may help inform strategies to prevent ankle sprains during American football. PURPOSE To describe the epidemiological patterns of ankle sprains in youth, high school (HS), and collegiate American football. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiological study. METHODS Data regarding youth, HS, and college football athletes were collected from 3 injury surveillance programs: (1) the Youth Football Safety Study (YFSS), (2) the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION), and (3) the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program (ISP). During the 2012-2014 seasons, the YFSS, NATION, and NCAA ISP included 310, 184, and 71 football team-seasons, respectively. Athletic trainers (ATs) attended each practice and game and reported injuries and athlete-exposures (AEs) via their preferred injury documentation application. Ankle sprain rates for each type of ankle sprain were calculated overall, by event type (ie, practices and games), and specifically for severe injuries (ie, participation restriction time >21 days) and recurrent injuries (as defined by ATs). Rate ratios (RRs) were used to compare ankle sprain rates by competition level and event type. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were used to compare differences in severity, surgical needs, recurrence, injury mechanism, and injury activity by competition level. RRs and IPRs with 95% confidence intervals excluding 1.00 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 124, 897, and 643 ankle sprains were reported in youth, HS, and college football, respectively. This led to respective rates of 0.59, 0.73, and 1.19 sprains per 1000 AEs. The ankle sprain rate in college football was higher than the rates in HS (RR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.48-1.82) and youth (RR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.65-2.43) football. The proportion of ankle sprains that were recurrent in youth football was higher than the proportions in HS (IPR = 2.73; 95% CI, 1.68-4.50) and college (IPR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.33-3.61) football. CONCLUSION Ankle sprain rates were highest in college athletes. However, level-specific variations in ankle sprain severity and recurrence may highlight the need to develop level-specific policies and prevention strategies to reduce injury incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Clifton
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel M Koldenhoven
- Department of Kinesiology, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jay Hertel
- Department of Kinesiology, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - James A Onate
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas P Dompier
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zaremski JL, Wasser JG, Vincent HK. Mechanisms and Treatments for Shoulder Injuries in Overhead Throwing Athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep 2017; 16:179-188. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|