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Cady KP, De Ste Croix M, Deighan M. Effect of Sex and Lateral Ankle Sprain History on Dorsiflexion Range Of Motion Asymmetry During the Weight Bearing Lunge Test. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:714-723. [PMID: 38835979 PMCID: PMC11144664 DOI: 10.26603/001c.117775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) which is commonly seen following lateral ankle sprain (LAS) has the potential to influence lower extremity biomechanics which have been linked to increased injury risk in the female athlete. Current research on the effect of sex and LAS history on DFROM is limited. Hypothesis/Purpose This study had three aims 1) to determine the effect of sex, leg dominance and LAS history on DFROM, 2) to determine the effect of sex and LAS history on magnitude of DFROM symmetry and 3) to examine the association of sex on direction (whether dominant or non-dominant limb had the higher DFROM) of symmetry. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study. Methods DFROM was measured bilaterally in 105 recreational athletes all participating in multidirectional sports using the tape measurement method during the weight bearing lunge test (WBLT). A mean of three measurements was used for analysis. A 3-way mixed ANOVA was carried out to determine the interaction between sex, LAS history and leg dominance on DFROM and a 2-way ANOVA for the effect of sex and LAS history on asymmetry. A chi-square test was used to determine the association of sex and direction of asymmetry. Results The results indicate no significant effect of sex, LAS history, and leg dominance on DFROM (p=0.65). Main effects were significant for sex and LAS on DFROM. The mean asymmetry for all participants was reported as 12.25±14.76cm. No significant effect of sex and LAS history on magnitude of asymmetry was reported. There was a significant association of sex and direction of asymmetry (χ2(1) = 11.26, p = 0.00). Sixty-five-point two percent of males were shown to have higher DFROM of their non-dominant limb compared to 75% of females who were higher in their dominant limb. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that DFROM is affected by sex and LAS history. While females have increased DFROM compared to males, those with LAS history are more likely to have a decreased DFROM on the involved side. The results also indicate that interlimb asymmetries in DFROM are present in athletes, therefore practitioners should exercise caution when using bilateral comparisons in injury and return to play assessments. Level of Evidence 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- kathrine P Cady
- Sports TherapyUniversity of Hertfordshire
- Education and Applied ScienceUniversity of Gloucestershire
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Gao T, Ma Z, Yang N, Zhang S, Shi H, Zhang H, Ren S, Huang H. The relationship of peak ankle dorsiflexion angle with lower extremity biomechanics during walking. J Foot Ankle Res 2024; 17:e12027. [PMID: 38812103 DOI: 10.1002/jfa2.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal lower limb movement patterns have been observed during walking in individuals with limited ankle dorsiflexion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of peak ankle dorsiflexion angle during the stance phase of walking with the lower extremity biomechanics at the corresponding moment and to determine a cutoff value of functional limited ankle dorsiflexion during walking. METHODS Kinematic and kinetic data of 70 healthy participants were measured during walking. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to establish the association between peak ankle dorsiflexion and angle and moment of ankle, knee, and hip, ground reaction force, and pelvic movement at peak ankle dorsiflexion. All variables significantly related to peak ankle dorsiflexion were extracted as a common factor by factor analysis. Maximally selected Wilcoxon statistic was used to perform a cutoff value analysis. RESULTS Peak ankle dorsiflexion positively correlated with ankle plantar flexion moment (r = 0.432; p = 0.001), ankle external rotation moment (r = 0.251; p = 0.036), hip extension angle (r = 0.281; p = 0.018), hip flexion moment (r = 0.341; p = 0.004), pelvic ipsilateral rotation angle (r = 0.284; p = 0.017), and medial, anterior, and vertical ground reaction force (r = 0.324; p = 0.006, r = 0.543; p = 0.001, r = 0.322; p = 0.007), negatively correlated with knee external rotation angle (r = -0.394; p = 0.001) and hip adduction angle (r = -0.256; p = 0.032). The cutoff baseline value for all 70 participants was 9.03°. CONCLUSIONS There is a correlation between the peak ankle dorsiflexion angle and the lower extremity biomechanics during walking. If the peak ankle dorsiflexion angle is less than 9.03°, the lower limb movement pattern will change significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Gao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengye Ma
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongshi Huang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
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Xu D, Zhou H, Quan W, Ugbolue UC, Gusztav F, Gu Y. A new method applied for explaining the landing patterns: Interpretability analysis of machine learning. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26052. [PMID: 38370177 PMCID: PMC10869904 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of many fundamental sports techniques, the landing maneuver is also frequently used in clinical injury screening and diagnosis. However, the landing patterns are different under different constraints, which will cause great difficulties for clinical experts in clinical diagnosis. Machine learning (ML) have been very successful in solving a variety of clinical diagnosis tasks, but they all have the disadvantage of being black boxes and rarely provide and explain useful information about the reasons for making a particular decision. The current work validates the feasibility of applying an explainable ML (XML) model constructed by Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) for landing pattern recognition in clinical biomechanics. This study collected 560 groups landing data. By incorporating these landing data into the XML model as input signals, the prediction results were interpreted based on the relevance score (RS) derived from LRP. The interpretation obtained from XML was evaluated comprehensively from the statistical perspective based on Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and Effect Size. The RS has excellent statistical characteristics in the interpretation of landing patterns between classes, and also conforms to the clinical characteristics of landing pattern recognition. The current work highlights the applicability of XML methods that can not only satisfy the traditional decision problem between classes, but also largely solve the lack of transparency in landing pattern recognition. We provide a feasible framework for realizing interpretability of ML decision results in landing analysis, providing a methodological reference and solid foundation for future clinical diagnosis and biomechanical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Xu
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjing Quan
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Fekete Gusztav
- Vehicle Industry Research Center, Széchenyi István University, Gyor, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Dennis JD, Choe KH, Montgomery MM, Lynn SK, Crews BM, Pamukoff DN. Lower extremity coordination strategies to mitigate dynamic knee valgus during landing in males and females. J Biomech 2023; 156:111689. [PMID: 37364395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Frontal and sagittal plane landing biomechanics differ between sexes but reported values don't account for simultaneous segment or joint motion necessary for a coordinated landing. Frontal and sagittal plane coordination patterns, angles, and moments were compared between 28 males and 28 females throughout the landing phase of a drop vertical jump. Females landed with less isolated thigh abduction (p = 0.018), more in-phase motion (p < 0.001), and more isolated shank adduction (p = 0.028) between the thigh and shank in the frontal plane compared with males. Females landed with less in-phase (p = 0.012) and more anti-phase motion (p = 0.019) between the thigh and shank in the sagittal plane compared with males. Females landed with less isolated knee flexion (p = 0.001) and more anti-phase motion (p < 0.001) between the sagittal and frontal plane knee coupling compared with males. Waveform and discrete metric analyses revealed females land with less thigh abduction from 20 % to 100 % and more shank abduction from 0 to 100 % of landing, smaller knee adduction at initial contact (p = 0.002), greater peak knee abduction angles (p = 0.015), smaller knee flexion angles at initial contact (p = 0.035) and peak (p = 0.034), greater peak knee abduction moments (p = 0.024), greater knee abduction angles from 0 to 13 % and 19 to 30 %, greater knee abduction moments from 19 to 25 %, and smaller knee flexion moments from 3 to 5 % of landing compared with males. Females utilize greater frontal plane motion compared with males, which may be due to different inter-segmental joint coordination and smaller sagittal plane angles. Larger knee abduction angles and greater knee adduction motion in females are due to aberrant shank abduction rather than thigh adduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Dennis
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States; Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Kevin H Choe
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States; Department of Kinesiology, Whittier College, Whittier, CA, United States
| | - Melissa M Montgomery
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Scott K Lynn
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Brock M Crews
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States; Sanford Sports, Sanford Health, Irvine, CA, United States
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Guthrie BM, King EL, Patwardhan S, Wei Q, Sikdar S, Chitnis PV, Jones MT. Relationships between surrogate measures of mechanical and psychophysiological load, patellar tendon adaptations, and neuromuscular performance in NCAA division I men's volleyball athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1065470. [PMID: 36909358 PMCID: PMC9992433 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1065470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patellar tendon adaptations occur in response to mechanical load. Appropriate loading is necessary to elicit positive adaptations with increased risk of injury and decreased performance likely if loading exceeds the capacity of the tendon. The aim of the current study was to examine intra-individual associations between workloads and patellar tendon properties and neuromuscular performance in collegiate volleyball athletes. Methods National Collegiate Athletics Association Division I men's volleyball athletes (n = 16, age: 20.33 ± 1.15 years, height: 193.50 ± 6.50 cm, body mass: 84.32 ± 7.99 kg, bodyfat%: 13.18 ± 4.72%) competing across 9 weeks of in-season competition participated. Daily measurements of external workloads (i.e., jump count) and internal workloads [i.e., session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE)] were recorded. Weekly measurements included neuromuscular performance assessments (i.e., countermovement jump, drop jump), and ultrasound images of the patellar tendon to evaluate structural adaptations. Repeated measures correlations (r-rm) assessed intra-individual associations among performance and patellar tendon metrics. Results Workload measures exhibited significant negative small to moderate (r-rm =-0.26-0.31) associations with neuromuscular performance, negative (r-rm = -0.21-0.30), and positive (r-rm = 0.20-0.32) small to moderate associations with patellar tendon properties. Discussion Monitoring change in tendon composition and performance adaptations alongside workloads may inform evidence-based frameworks toward managing and reducing the risk of the development of patellar tendinopathy in collegiate men's volleyball athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Guthrie
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Erica L King
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Shriniwas Patwardhan
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Siddhartha Sikdar
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Parag V Chitnis
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Sport, Recreation, and Tourism Management, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
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Akbari H, Shimokochi Y, Sheikhi B. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and landing postures during a soccer-specific task. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283150. [PMID: 36928236 PMCID: PMC10019731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DF-ROM) has been shown to be associated with poor landing posture. However, previously used tasks have been controlled, and it is unclear whether clinical measurements of the ankle DF-ROM, are associated with landing positions during sport-specific task. This study sought to determine the relationship between ankle DF-ROM and landing positions. METHODS Thirty male soccer players participated in this study. The ankle DF-ROM was measured by the weight bearing lunge test in degrees using a cell phone app (TiltMeter). Landing patterns were assessed during a soccer-specific task using landing error scoring system items using Kinovea software. Simple correlations were used to evaluate the relationships between ankle DF-ROM and landing error scores. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between ankle DF-ROM and landing errors (r = -0.450, P = 0.006). A decreased ankle DF-ROM was associated with greater landing errors in a soccer specific situation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ankle DF-ROM may serve a useful clinical measure for identifying poor landing posture in the real-world environment. Therefore, assessment of ankle DF-ROM could be included in the screening process, which could help identify the cause of the faulty motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Akbari
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Yohei Shimokochi
- Department of Health and Sport Management, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bahram Sheikhi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Anderson RB. Foot and Ankle Awareness in the Athlete. Sports Health 2022; 14:309-310. [PMID: 35546065 PMCID: PMC9112715 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221089976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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