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Varlamova EG. Molecular Mechanisms of the Therapeutic Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2024; 13:1102. [PMID: 38994955 PMCID: PMC11240755 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review describes and summarizes, for the first time, the molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxic effect of selenium nanoparticles of various origins on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The text provides information from recent years indicating the regulation of various signaling pathways and endoplasmic reticulum stress by selenium nanoparticles; the pathways of cell death of liver cancer cells as a result of exposure to selenium nanoparticles are considered. Particular attention is paid to the participation of selenoproteins and selenium-containing thioredoxin reductases and glutathione peroxidases in these processes. Previously, there were no reviews that fully reflected the cytotoxic effects of selenium nanoparticles specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma, despite the fact that many reviews and experimental articles have been devoted to the causes of this disease and the molecular mechanisms of regulation of cytotoxic effects by other agents. The relevance of this review is primarily explained by the fact that despite the development of various drugs and approaches for the treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma, this disease is still the fourth leading cause of death in the world. For this reason, a complete understanding of the latest trends in the treatment of oncology of various etiologies, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, is extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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2
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Iaiza A, Mazzanti G, Goeman F, Cesaro B, Cortile C, Corleone G, Tito C, Liccardo F, De Angelis L, Petrozza V, Masciarelli S, Blandino G, Fanciulli M, Fatica A, Fontemaggi G, Fazi F. WTAP and m 6A-modified circRNAs modulation during stress response in acute myeloid leukemia progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:276. [PMID: 38909325 PMCID: PMC11335200 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most prevalent and conserved RNA modifications. It controls several biological processes, including the biogenesis and function of circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are a class of covalently closed-single stranded RNAs. Several studies have revealed that proteotoxic stress response induction could be a relevant anticancer therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Furthermore, a strong molecular interaction between the m6A mRNA modification factors and the suppression of the proteotoxic stress response has emerged. Since the proteasome inhibition leading to the imbalance in protein homeostasis is strictly linked to the stress response induction, we investigated the role of Bortezomib (Btz) on m6A regulation and in particular its impact on the modulation of m6A-modified circRNAs expression. Here, we show that treating AML cells with Btz downregulated the expression of the m6A regulator WTAP at translational level, mainly because of increased oxidative stress. Indeed, Btz treatment promoted oxidative stress, with ROS generation and HMOX-1 activation and administration of the reducing agent N-acetylcysteine restored WTAP expression. Additionally, we identified m6A-modified circRNAs modulated by Btz treatment, including circHIPK3, which is implicated in protein folding and oxidative stress regulation. These results highlight the intricate molecular networks involved in oxidative and ER stress induction in AML cells following proteotoxic stress response, laying the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Adenosine/pharmacology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Bortezomib/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- RNA Splicing Factors/metabolism
- RNA Splicing Factors/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Iaiza
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilla Mazzanti
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14-16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Frauke Goeman
- SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Cesaro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Cortile
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corleone
- SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Tito
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14-16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Liccardo
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14-16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana De Angelis
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14-16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medico-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Silvia Masciarelli
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14-16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fatica
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Fontemaggi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14-16, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Tam S, Wear D, Morrone CD, Yu WH. The complexity of extracellular vesicles: Bridging the gap between cellular communication and neuropathology. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38650384 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis and contributing to pathology in health and disease. This review establishes a crucial link between physiological processes leading to EV biogenesis and their impacts on disease. EVs are involved in the clearance and transport of proteins and nucleic acids, responding to changes in cellular processes associated with neurodegeneration, including autophagic disruption, organellar dysfunction, aging, and other cell stresses. In neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc.), EVs contribute to the spread of pathological proteins like amyloid β, tau, ɑ-synuclein, prions, and TDP-43, exacerbating neurodegeneration and accelerating disease progression. Despite evidence for both neuropathological and neuroprotective effects of EVs, the mechanistic switch between their physiological and pathological functions remains elusive, warranting further research into their involvement in neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, owing to their innate ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier and their ubiquitous nature, EVs emerge as promising candidates for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The review uniquely positions itself at the intersection of EV cell biology, neurophysiology, and neuropathology, offering insights into the diverse biological roles of EVs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tam
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darcy Wear
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher D Morrone
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Thai SF, Jones CP, Robinette BL, Nelson GB, Tennant A, Ren H, Vallanat B, Fisher A, Ross JA, Kitchin KT. Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on message and Micro-RNA in human lung BEAS-2B cells. MATERIALS EXPRESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY MATERIALS RESEARCH 2024; 14:249-263. [PMID: 39026927 PMCID: PMC467528 DOI: 10.1166/mex.2024.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Multi-walled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) lack sufficient quality cytotoxicity, toxicity, genotoxicity and genomic data on which to make environmental and regulatory decisions. Therefore, we did a multidisciplinary in vitro study of 3 MWCNTs in human lung cells (BEAS-2B) with the following endpoints: cytotoxicity, DNA damage, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation and mRNA and microRNA expression analyses. The MWCNTs were either unfunctionalized or functionalized with either -OH or -COOH. Doses studied ranged from 0.3 to 100 ug/ml and were exposed to a human lung cell line in vitro for 72 h., with genomic studies being done from 30 ug/ml downward. Some of the genomic pathways that were altered by MWCNT exposure were NRF2 mediated oxidative stress response, DNA damage repair, nuclear excision repair, base excision repair, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation, HIF1α signaling, unfolded protein response, protein ubiquitination, ferroptosis and sirtuin signaling pathways. The data suggested that OH functionalized MWCNT caused more and larger gene/microRNA changes, followed by COOH functionalized MWCNT and unfunctionalized MWCNT being the least biologically active. From microRNA target filter analysis, there were altered signaling hubs. MYC is the only hub that altered by all 3 MWCNTs. Signaling hubs that are common to OH and COOH functionalized MWCNTs are GRB2, AR, TP63 and AGO2. The signaling hubs that were only present in OH functionalized MWCNTs are TP53, STAT3 and BRCA1. These signaling pathways and hubs we found in vitro correlated well with the published in vivo pathological effects like oxidative stress DNA damage, inflammation and cancer in MWCNTs treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau-Fung Thai
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Carlton P Jones
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Brian L Robinette
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Garret B Nelson
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | - Alan Tennant
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
| | | | - Beena Vallanat
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Durham NC 27709, USA
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5
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Zhang X, Tan J, Zhang X, Pandey K, Zhong Y, Wu G, He K. Aggrephagy-related gene signature correlates with survival and tumor-associated macrophages in glioma: Insights from single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:2407-2431. [PMID: 38454689 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggrephagy is a lysosome-dependent process that degrades misfolded protein condensates to maintain cancer cell homeostasis. Despite its importance in cellular protein quality control, the role of aggrephagy in glioma remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of aggrephagy-related genes (ARGs) in glioma and in different cell types of gliomas and to develop an ARGs-based prognostic signature to predict the prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy response of gliomas. METHODS ARGs were identified by searching the Reactome database. We developed the ARGs-based prognostic signature (ARPS) using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 669) by Lasso-Cox regression. We validated the robustness of the signature in clinical subgroups and CGGA cohorts (n = 970). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the pathways enriched in ARPS subgroups. The correlations between ARGs and macrophages were also investigated at single cell level. RESULTS A total of 44 ARGs showed heterogeneous expression among different cell types of gliomas. Five ARGs (HSF1, DYNC1H1, DYNLL2, TUBB6, TUBA1C) were identified to develop ARPS, an independent prognostic factor. GSEA showed gene sets of patients with high-ARPS were mostly enriched in cell cycle, DNA replication, and immune-related pathways. High-ARPS subgroup had higher immune cell infiltration states, particularly macrophages, Treg cells, and neutrophils. APRS had positive association with tumor mutation burden (TMB) and immunotherapy response predictors. At the single cell level, we found ARGs correlated with macrophage development and identified ARGs-mediated macrophage subtypes with distinct communication characteristics with tumor cells. VIM+ macrophages were identified as pro-inflammatory and had higher interactions with malignant cells. CONCLUSION We identified a novel signature based on ARGs for predicting glioma prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy response. We highlight the ARGs-mediated macrophages in glioma exhibit classical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yuqing Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guitao Wu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kejun He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Gutierrez Guarnizo SA, Kellogg MK, Miller SC, Tikhonova E, Karamysheva ZN, Karamyshev AL. Pathogenic signal peptide variants in the human genome. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad093. [PMID: 37859801 PMCID: PMC10583284 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted and membrane proteins represent a third of all cellular proteins and contain N-terminal signal peptides that are required for protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mutations in signal peptides affect protein targeting, translocation, processing, and stability, and are associated with human diseases. However, only a few of them have been identified or characterized. In this report, we identified pathogenic signal peptide variants across the human genome using bioinformatic analyses and predicted the molecular mechanisms of their pathology. We recovered more than 65 thousand signal peptide mutations, over 11 thousand we classified as pathogenic, and proposed framework for distinction of their molecular mechanisms. The pathogenic mutations affect over 3.3 thousand genes coding for secreted and membrane proteins. Most pathogenic mutations alter the signal peptide hydrophobic core, a critical recognition region for the signal recognition particle, potentially activating the Regulation of Aberrant Protein Production (RAPP) quality control and specific mRNA degradation. The remaining pathogenic variants (about 25%) alter either the N-terminal region or signal peptidase processing site that can result in translocation deficiencies at the ER membrane or inhibit protein processing. This work provides a conceptual framework for the identification of mutations across the genome and their connection with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgana K Kellogg
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sarah C Miller
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Elena B Tikhonova
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | | | - Andrey L Karamyshev
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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7
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Bai Y, Wang W, Cheng Y, Yang Y. Research progress on the GRP78 gene in the diagnosis, treatment and immunity of cervical cancer. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:447. [PMID: 37858217 PMCID: PMC10588224 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GRP78 is a molecular chaperone protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that is involved in protein assembly and quality control, and it participates in ER stress regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Studies have confirmed that GRP78 gene is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and is involved in different biological functions. PURPOSE The present review highlights the involvement of the GRP78 gene in regulating the development of cervical cancer by promoting the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells as well as by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting the Warburg effect. High expression of GRP78 is positively correlated with chemotherapy resistance in cervical cancer. GRP78 plays an anticancer role in cervical cancer by regulating autophagy and apoptosis. Mediated immune CD8 + T cells regulate tumor cell immunity and play a role in the application of the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSIONS GRP78 plays a multifunctional role in cervical cancer and has important therapeutic and diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Bai
- Department of Gynecology and obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xian, 710038 China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuemei Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxiu Yang
- Department of Gynecology and obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xian, 710038 China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
- No.1, Dong gang West Road, Cheng guan District, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
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Pinky, Neha, Salman M, Kumar P, Khan MA, Jamal A, Parvez S. Age-related pathophysiological alterations in molecular stress markers and key modulators of hypoxia. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102022. [PMID: 37490963 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an adverse cellular environment and pathological alterations in distinct brain regions. The development is triggered or facilitated by a condition such as hypoxia or ischemia, or inflammation and is associated with disruptions of fundamental cellular functions, including metabolic and ion homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that hypoxia may affect many pathological aspects of AD, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, amyloidogenic processing of APP, and Aβ accumulation, which may collectively result in neurodegeneration. Further investigation into the relationship between hypoxia and AD may provide an avenue for the effective preservation and pharmacological treatment of this neurodegenerative disease. This review summarizes the effects of normoxia and hypoxia on AD pathogenesis and discusses the underlying mechanisms. Regulation of HIF-1α and the role of its key players, including P53, VEGF, and GLUT1, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Mohd Salman
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Pratika Kumar
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Atalay Şahar E, Ballar Kirmizibayrak P. Differential Expression and Function of SVIP in Breast Cancer Cell Lines and In Silico Analysis of Its Expression and Prognostic Potential in Human Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:1362. [PMID: 37408196 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of cancer strongly suggests the need to explore additional pathways to target. As cancer cells have increased proteotoxic stress, targeting proteotoxic stress-related pathways such as endoplasmic reticulum stress is attracting attention as a new anticancer treatment. One of the downstream responses to endoplasmic reticulum stress is endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), a major degradation pathway that facilitates proteasome-dependent degradation of unfolded or misfolded proteins. Recently, SVIP (small VCP/97-interacting protein), an endogenous ERAD inhibitor, has been implicated in cancer progression, especially in glioma, prostate, and head and neck cancers. Here, the data of several RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and gene array studies were combined to evaluate the SVIP gene expression analysis on a variety of cancers, with a particular focus on breast cancer. The mRNA level of SVIP was found to be significantly higher in primary breast tumors and correlated well with its promoter methylation status and genetic alterations. Strikingly, the SVIP protein level was found to be low despite increased mRNA levels in breast tumors compared to normal tissues. On the other hand, the immunoblotting analysis showed that the expression of SVIP protein was significantly higher in breast cancer cell lines compared to non-tumorigenic epithelial cell lines, while most of the key proteins of gp78-mediated ERAD did not exhibit such an expression pattern, except for Hrd1. Silencing of SVIP enhanced the proliferation of p53 wt MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells but not p53 mutant T47D and SK-BR-3 cells; however, it increased the migration ability of both types of cell lines. Importantly, our data suggest that SVIP may increase p53 protein levels in MCF7 cells by inhibiting Hrd1-mediated p53 degradation. Overall, our data reveal the differential expression and function of SVIP on breast cancer cell lines together with in silico data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Atalay Şahar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Petek Ballar Kirmizibayrak
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
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10
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Milan M, Bernardini I, Bertolini C, Dalla Rovere G, Manuzzi A, Pastres R, Peruzza L, Smits M, Fabrello J, Breggion C, Sambo A, Boffo L, Gallocchio L, Carrer C, Sorrentino F, Bettiol C, Lodi GC, Semenzin E, Varagnolo M, Matozzo V, Bargelloni L, Patarnello T. Multidisciplinary long-term survey of Manila clam grown in farming sites subjected to different environmental conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160796. [PMID: 36528093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years recurrent bivalve mass mortalities considerably increased around the world, causing the collapse of natural and farmed populations. Venice Lagoon has historically represented one of the major production areas of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Europe. However, in the last 20 years a 75 % decrease in the annual production has been experienced. While climate change and anthropogenic interventions may have played a key role in natural and farmed stocks reductions, no studies investigated at multiple levels the environmental stressors affecting farmed Manila clam to date. In this work we carried out a long-term monitoring campaign on Manila clam reared in four farming sites located at different distances from the southern Venice Lagoon inlet, integrating (meta)genomic approaches (i.e. RNA-seq; microbiota characterization), biometric measurements and chemical-physical parameters. Our study allowed to characterize the molecular mechanisms adopted by this species to cope with the different environmental conditions characterizing farming sites and to propose hypotheses to explain mortality events observed in recent years. Among the most important findings, the disruption of clam's immune response, the spread of Vibrio spp., and the up-regulation of molecular pathways involved in xenobiotic metabolism suggested major environmental stressors affecting clams farmed in sites placed close to Chioggia's inlet, where highest mortality was also observed. Overall, our study provides knowledge-based tools for managing Manila clam farming on-growing areas. In addition, the collected data is a snapshot of the time immediately before the commissioning of MoSE, a system of mobile barriers aimed at protecting Venice from high tides, and will represent a baseline for future studies on the effects of MoSE on clams farming and more in general on the ecology of the Venice Lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Bernardini
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Camilla Bertolini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Italy
| | - Giulia Dalla Rovere
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Alice Manuzzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Roberto Pastres
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Italy
| | - Luca Peruzza
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Morgan Smits
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Jacopo Fabrello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Breggion
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Sambo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Loretta Gallocchio
- Thetis s.p.a., c /o Provveditorato Interregionale OO.PP. - Ufficio Tecnico Antinquinamento Laboratorio CSMO, Via Asconio Pediano, 9, 35127 Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Claudio Carrer
- Thetis s.p.a., c /o Provveditorato Interregionale OO.PP. - Ufficio Tecnico Antinquinamento Laboratorio CSMO, Via Asconio Pediano, 9, 35127 Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Francesco Sorrentino
- Provveditorato Interregionale OO.PP. - Ufficio Tecnico Antinquinamento, San Polo 19, 30124 Venezia, Italy)
| | - Cinzia Bettiol
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Italy
| | - Giulia Carolina Lodi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Italy
| | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Varagnolo
- Societa' Agricola Kappa S. S. di Varagnolo Maurizio E. C., Chioggia, VE, Italy
| | - Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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11
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Chan LS, Liu J, Li MSC, Li L, Tao Q, Mok TSK. Selenite as a dual apoptotic and ferroptotic agent synergizes with EGFR and KRAS inhibitors with epigenetic interference. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:36. [PMID: 36864513 PMCID: PMC9983273 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium, an essential trace element, has previously been investigated as a pro-apoptotic and DNA demethylation agent. It sensitizes the response to chemotherapy in patients who were refractory to cytotoxic agents. Meanwhile, ferroptosis is a novel approach to cancer treatment by triggering cell death and reversing drug resistance. The role of selenium in treating cancer cells harboring druggable oncogenic alterations and its underlying mechanism are largely unknown. RESULTS We treated lung adenocarcinoma cell lines-EGFR-mutant H1975 (H1975 EGFR p.L858R and p.T790M) and KRAS-mutant H358 (H358 KRAS p.G12C), with sodium selenite to examine its effect on cell apoptosis, ferroptosis, and DNA methylation, as well as its interaction with existing targeted therapy, osimertinib, and adagrasib. We observed selenite to be a dual apoptotic and ferroptotic agent on lung cancer cells, associated with the activation of p38-ATF4-DDIT3 axis in the unfolded protein response. Ferroptosis induction was more remarkable in H1975 than H358. Selenite also altered cellular DNA methylation machinery through downregulating DNMT1 and upregulating TET1, though not as a major mechanism of its activity. Low-dose selenite synergized with osimertinib in EGFR-mutant H1975, and with adagrasib in KRAS-mutant H358, with stronger synergism observed in H1975. CONCLUSION These results suggest that selenite is a potential apoptotic and ferroptotic drug candidate for the treatment of especially EGFR- and potentially KRAS-mutant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Seng Chan
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Room 315, Sir Yue-Kong Pao Center for Cancer, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Johnson Liu
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Room 315, Sir Yue-Kong Pao Center for Cancer, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Molly S C Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Room 315, Sir Yue-Kong Pao Center for Cancer, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Room 315, Sir Yue-Kong Pao Center for Cancer, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Qian Tao
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Room 315, Sir Yue-Kong Pao Center for Cancer, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Tony S K Mok
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Room 315, Sir Yue-Kong Pao Center for Cancer, Shatin, Hong Kong
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12
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Is Autophagy Inhibition in Combination with Temozolomide a Therapeutically Viable Strategy? Cells 2023; 12:cells12040535. [PMID: 36831202 PMCID: PMC9954434 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide is an oral alkylating agent that is used as the first line treatment for glioblastoma multiform, and in recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma, as well as having demonstrable activity in patients with metastatic melanoma. However, as the case with other chemotherapeutic agents, the development of resistance often limits the therapeutic benefit of temozolomide, particularly in the case of glioblastoma. A number of resistance mechanisms have been proposed including the development of cytoprotective autophagy. Cytoprotective autophagy is a survival mechanism that confers upon tumor cells the ability to survive in a nutrient deficient environment as well as under external stresses, such as cancer chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation, in part through the suppression of apoptotic cell death. In this review/commentary, we explore the available literature and provide an overview of the evidence for the promotion of protective autophagy in response to temozolomide, highlighting the possibility of targeting autophagy as an adjuvant therapy to potentially increase the effectiveness of temozolomide and to overcome the development of resistance.
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13
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De Giorgio E, Giannios P, Espinàs ML, Llimargas M. A dynamic interplay between chitin synthase and the proteins Expansion/Rebuf reveals that chitin polymerisation and translocation are uncoupled in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001978. [PMID: 36689563 PMCID: PMC9894549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is a highly abundant polymer in nature and a principal component of apical extracellular matrices in insects. In addition, chitin has proved to be an excellent biomaterial with multiple applications. In spite of its importance, the molecular mechanisms of chitin biosynthesis and chitin structural diversity are not fully elucidated yet. To investigate these issues, we use Drosophila as a model. We previously showed that chitin deposition in ectodermal tissues requires the concomitant activities of the chitin synthase enzyme Kkv and the functionally interchangeable proteins Exp and Reb. Exp/Reb are conserved proteins, but their mechanism of activity during chitin deposition has not been elucidated yet. Here, we carry out a cellular and molecular analysis of chitin deposition, and we show that chitin polymerisation and chitin translocation to the extracellular space are uncoupled. We find that Kkv activity in chitin translocation, but not in polymerisation, requires the activity of Exp/Reb, and in particular of its conserved Nα-MH2 domain. The activity of Kkv in chitin polymerisation and translocation correlate with Kkv subcellular localisation, and in absence of Kkv-mediated extracellular chitin deposition, chitin accumulates intracellularly as membrane-less punctae. Unexpectedly, we find that although Kkv and Exp/Reb display largely complementary patterns at the apical domain, Exp/Reb activity nonetheless regulates the topological distribution of Kkv at the apical membrane. We propose a model in which Exp/Reb regulate the organisation of Kkv complexes at the apical membrane, which, in turn, regulates the function of Kkv in extracellular chitin translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore De Giorgio
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, IBMB-CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Giannios
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, IBMB-CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Lluisa Espinàs
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, IBMB-CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Llimargas
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, IBMB-CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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14
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Wang G, Fan F, Sun C, Hu Y. Looking into Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: The Key to Drug-Resistance of Multiple Myeloma? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5340. [PMID: 36358759 PMCID: PMC9654020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, resulting from the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. Despite significant advances that have been made with novel drugs over the past two decades, MM patients often develop therapy resistance, especially to bortezomib, the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor that was approved for treatment of MM. As highly secretory monoclonal protein-producing cells, MM cells are characterized by uploaded endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and rely heavily on the ERS response for survival. Great efforts have been made to illustrate how MM cells adapt to therapeutic stresses through modulating the ERS response. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms by which ERS response pathways influence MM cell fate and response to treatment. Moreover, based on promising results obtained in preclinical studies, we discuss the prospect of applying ERS modulators to overcome drug resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fengjuan Fan
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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15
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Parys JB, Van Coppenolle F. Sec61 complex/translocon: The role of an atypical ER Ca 2+-leak channel in health and disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:991149. [PMID: 36277220 PMCID: PMC9582130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.991149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterotrimeric Sec61 protein complex forms the functional core of the so-called translocon that forms an aqueous channel in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The primary role of the Sec61 complex is to allow protein import in the ER during translation. Surprisingly, a completely different function in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has emerged for the Sec61 complex, and the latter is now accepted as one of the major Ca2+-leak pathways of the ER. In this review, we first discuss the structure of the Sec61 complex and focus on the pharmacology and regulation of the Sec61 complex as a Ca2+-leak channel. Subsequently, we will pay particular attention to pathologies that are linked to Sec61 mutations, such as plasma cell deficiency and congenital neutropenia. Finally, we will explore the relevance of the Sec61 complex as a Ca2+-leak channel in various pathophysiological (ER stress, apoptosis, ischemia-reperfusion) and pathological (type 2 diabetes, cancer) settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B. Parys
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabien Van Coppenolle
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Department of Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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16
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Ei ZZ, Benjakul S, Buamard N, Visuttijai K, Chanvorachote P. Shrimp Lipid Prevents Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Endothelial Cell Damage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193076. [PMID: 36230152 PMCID: PMC9563643 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp contains a fat that benefits cardiovascular function and may help in the prevention of diseases. The stress of essential cellular organelle endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is linked to endothelial dysfunction and damage. This research aimed at investigating the effect of shrimp lipid (SL) on endothelial cells in response to ER stress, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Human endothelial cells were pretreated with SL (250 and 500 μg/mL) for 24 h, and treated with 0.16 μg/mL of Thapsigargin (Tg) for 24 h. The apoptosis and necrosis were detected by Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (PI) co-staining. Cellular signaling pathways and ER stress markers were evaluated by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. SL protected against ER-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. According to the results, the viability of EA.hy926 cells treated with Tg alone was 44.97 ± 1%, but SL (250 μg/mL) pretreatment increased cell viability to 77.26 ± 3.9%, and SL (500 μg/mL) increased to 72.42 ± 4.3%. SL suppressed the increase in ER stress regulator glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and attenuated the RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER eukaryotic initiation factor-2α kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring ER-to-nucleus signaling protein 1 (IRE1) pathways. SL could inhibit cell damage by reducing the ER-related apoptosis protein, C/EBPα-homologous protein (CHOP), induced by ER stress. Taken together, we found the protective effect and mechanism of SL in protecting ER stress-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through suppression of the ER stress pathway. The findings may support the potential use of SL as an approach with a protective effect on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Zin Ei
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Natchaphol Buamard
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kittichate Visuttijai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-2218-8344
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17
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Hu A, Zou H, Chen B, Zhong J. Posttranslational modifications in diabetes: Mechanisms and functions. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:1011-1033. [PMID: 35697961 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most widespread chronic diseases, diabetes and its accompanying complications affect approximately one tenth of individuals worldwide and represent a growing cause of morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence has proven that the process of diabetes is complex and interactive, involving various cellular responses and signaling cascades by posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Therefore, understanding the mechanisms and functions of PTMs in regulatory networks has fundamental importance for understanding the prediction, onset, diagnosis, progression, and treatment of diabetes. In this review, we offer a holistic summary and illustration of the crosstalk between PTMs and diabetes, including both types 1 and 2. Meanwhile, we discuss the potential use of PTMs in diabetes treatment and provide a prospective direction for deeply understanding the metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 323 National Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haohong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 323 National Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 323 National Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 323 National Road, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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18
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Askari S, Javadpour P, Rashidi FS, Dargahi L, Kashfi K, Ghasemi R. Behavioral and Molecular Effects of Thapsigargin-Induced Brain ER- Stress: Encompassing Inflammation, MAPK, and Insulin Signaling Pathway. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091374. [PMID: 36143409 PMCID: PMC9500646 DOI: 10.3390/life12091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded proteins, known as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, is known to participate in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is also correlated with impaired central insulin signaling. However, few studies have probed the relationship between memory, central ER stress, inflammation, hippocampal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and insulin resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the causative role and underlying mechanisms of brain ER stress in memory impairment and develop a reliable animal model for ER-mediated memory loss. Thapsigargin (TG), a known ER stress activator, was centrally administered. The cognitive function of animals was evaluated by the Morris Water Maze (MWM). To verify the induction of central ER stress, we investigated the mRNA expression of UPR markers in the hippocampus. In addition, the activation of ER stress markers, including Bip, CHOP, and some related apoptosis and pro-inflammatory proteins, such as caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, TNF-α, MAPK, and insulin signaling markers, were assessed by Western-blots. The results demonstrated that TG impairs spatial cognition and hippocampal insulin signaling. Meanwhile, molecular results showed a concurrent increment of hippocampal UPR markers, apoptosis, P38 activity, and TNF-α. This study introduced TG-induced ER stress as a pharmacological model for memory impairment in rats and revealed some underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Askari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
| | - Pegah Javadpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Rashidi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11151-19857, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-21-22439971
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Diterpenoid DGA induces apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by changes in glycosphingolipid composition and inhibition of STAT3 in glioma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Morusin Enhances Temozolomide Efficiency in GBM by Inducing Cytoplasmic Vacuolization and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133662. [PMID: 35806945 PMCID: PMC9267261 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with high risks of recurrence and mortality. Chemoradiotherapy resistance has been considered a major factor contributing to the extremely poor prognosis of GBM patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop highly effective therapeutic agents. Here, we demonstrate the anti-tumor effect of morusin, a typical prenylated flavonoid, in GBM through in vivo and in vitro models. Morusin showed selective cytotoxicity toward GBM cell lines without harming normal human astrocytes when the concentration was less than 20 µM. Morusin treatment significantly induced apoptosis of GBM cells, accompanied by the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the appearance of cytoplasmic vacuolation and autophagosomes in cells. Then, we found the ER stress activation and cytotoxicity of morusin were rescued by ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA. Furthermore, morusin arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase and inhibited cell proliferation of GBM cells through the Akt–mTOR–p70S6K pathway. Dysregulation of ERs and cell cycle in morusin exposed GBM cells were confirmed by RNA-seq analysis. Finally, we demonstrated the combination of morusin and TMZ remarkably enhanced ER stress and displayed a synergistic effect in GBM cells, and suppressed tumor progression in an orthotopic xenograft model. In conclusion, these findings reveal the toxicity of morusin to GBM cells and its ability to enhance drug sensitivity to TMZ, suggesting the potential application value of morusin in the development of therapeutic strategies for human GBM.
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Alsamri H, Alneyadi A, Muhammad K, Ayoub MA, Eid A, Iratni R. Carnosol Induces p38-Mediated ER Stress Response and Autophagy in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911615. [PMID: 35712465 PMCID: PMC9194514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that carnosol induces ROS-dependent autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. We also reported that carnosol inhibits breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and in ovo tumor growth, as well as targets STAT3, PCAF, and p300 to proteasome degradation. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-malignant activity in breast cancer. We report that carnosol induces a ROS-dependent type I and type II programmed cell death (PCD-I or PCD-II, respectively), which occurred independently of each other. Indeed, chemical inhibition of autophagy had no effect on the induction of apoptosis, evident by the absence of cleaved PARP. Electron microscopy revealed that carnosol-treated cells exhibited enlarged endoplasmic reticulum, characteristic of ER stress. Markers of the three unfolded protein response pathways (PERK, IRE-1 α, and ATF6), namely ATF4, CHOP, phospho-IRE-1α, XBP1S, and cleaved ATF6 were upregulated in a ROS-dependent manner. In addition, carnosol induced a ROS-dependent activation of p38MAPK, increased the overall level of protein polyubiquitination, and targeted mTOR protein to proteasome degradation. Interestingly, inhibition of p38MAPK, by SB202190 and 203580, reduced cell death, selectively blocked the induction of IRE-1α and ATF6 UPR sensors and inhibited autophagy. In addition, inhibition of p38 reduced the carnosol-induced polyubiquitination and rescued mTOR, PCAF, and STAT3 from proteasomal degradation. Importantly, activation of PERK sensors and induction of apoptosis occurred independently of p38 activation. Taken together, our results suggest that ROS-dependent induced-ER stress contributes to carnosol-induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death in breast cancer cells, and further confirm that carnosol is a promising agent for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Alsamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha Alneyadi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Beyond Genetics: Metastasis as an Adaptive Response in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116271. [PMID: 35682953 PMCID: PMC9181003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease represents the primary cause of breast cancer (BC) mortality, yet it is still one of the most enigmatic processes in the biology of this tumor. Metastatic progression includes distinct phases: invasion, intravasation, hematogenous dissemination, extravasation and seeding at distant sites, micro-metastasis formation and metastatic outgrowth. Whole-genome sequencing analyses of primary BC and metastases revealed that BC metastatization is a non-genetically selected trait, rather the result of transcriptional and metabolic adaptation to the unfavorable microenvironmental conditions which cancer cells are exposed to (e.g., hypoxia, low nutrients, endoplasmic reticulum stress and chemotherapy administration). In this regard, the latest multi-omics analyses unveiled intra-tumor phenotypic heterogeneity, which determines the polyclonal nature of breast tumors and constitutes a challenge for clinicians, correlating with patient poor prognosis. The present work reviews BC classification and epidemiology, focusing on the impact of metastatic disease on patient prognosis and survival, while describing general principles and current in vitro/in vivo models of the BC metastatic cascade. The authors address here both genetic and phenotypic intrinsic heterogeneity of breast tumors, reporting the latest studies that support the role of the latter in metastatic spreading. Finally, the review illustrates the mechanisms underlying adaptive stress responses during BC metastatic progression.
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Hussain Y, Khan H, Efferth T, Alam W. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by hesperetin: Focus on antitumor and cytoprotective effects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:153985. [PMID: 35358935 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is still an all-times issue due to a large and even increasing number of deaths. Impaired genes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis are targets for the development of novel cancer treatments. HYPOTHESIS Increased transcription of NADPH oxidase activator (NOXA), Bcl2-like11 (BIM), BH3-only proteins and p53 unregulated apoptosis modulator (PUMA) is caused by the imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The membranous network of ER is present in all eukaryotic cells. ER stress facilitates the interaction between Bax and PUMA, triggering the release of cytochrome C. As a main intracellular organelle, ER is responsible for translocation as well as post-translation modification and protein folding. RESULTS Hesperetin is a cytoprotective flavonone, which acts against ER stress and protects from cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Hesperetin inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ and l-ascorbic acid in rat brain homogenates. CONCLUSION This review deals with the anticancer effects of hesperetin regarding the regulation of ER stress as a principal mechanism in the pathogenesis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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Luo W, Tao Y, Chen S, Luo H, Li X, Qu S, Chen K, Zeng C. Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorates Pulmonary Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:860944. [PMID: 35645792 PMCID: PMC9132383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.860944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is the leading cause of acute lung injury, which is mainly attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cell injuries and apoptosis. Since rosmarinic acid (RA) has been identified as an antioxidant natural ester, this natural compound might protect against pulmonary IR injury. In this study, the mice were given RA daily (50, 75, or 100 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 days before the pulmonary IR injury. We found that hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, and serum inflammation cytokines were aggravated in pulmonary IR injury. RA pretreatment (75 and 100 mg/kg) effectively reversed these parameters, while 50 mg/kg RA pretreatment was less pronounced. Our data also indicated RA pretreatment mitigated the upregulation of pro-oxidant NADPH oxidases (NOX2 and NOX4) and the downregulation of anti-oxidant superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2) upon IR injury. In vitro studies showed RA preserved the viability of anoxia/reoxygenation (AR)-treated A549 cells (a human lung epithelial cell line), and the results showed the protective effect of RA started at 5 μM concentration, reached its maximum at 15 μM, and gradually decreased at 20–25 μM. Besides, RA pretreatment (15 μM) greatly reduced the lactate dehydrogenase release levels subjected to AR treatment. Moreover, the results of our research revealed that RA eliminated ROS production and reduced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis through activating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, which was supported by using wortmannin, because in the presence of wortmannin, the RA-mediated protection was blocked. Meanwhile, wortmannin also reversed the protective effects of RA in mice. Together, our results demonstrate the beneficial role of RA in pulmonary IR injury via PI3K/Akt-mediated anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis, which could be a promising therapeutic intervention for pulmonary IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ken Chen, ; Chunyu Zeng,
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ken Chen, ; Chunyu Zeng,
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Principi E, Sondo E, Bianchi G, Ravera S, Morini M, Tomati V, Pastorino C, Zara F, Bruno C, Eva A, Pedemonte N, Raffaghello L. Targeting of Ubiquitin E3 Ligase RNF5 as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Neuroectodermal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071802. [PMID: 35406574 PMCID: PMC8997491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RNF5, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) E3 ubiquitin ligase, participates to the ER-associated protein degradation guaranteeing the protein homeostasis. Depending on tumor model tested, RNF5 exerts pro- or anti-tumor activity. The aim of this study was to elucidate the controversial role of RNF5 in neuroblastoma and melanoma, two neuroectodermal tumors of infancy and adulthood, respectively. RNF5 gene levels are evaluated in publicly available datasets reporting the gene expression profile of melanoma and neuroblastoma primary tumors at diagnosis. The therapeutic effect of Analog-1, an RNF5 pharmacological activator, was investigated on in vitro and in vivo neuroblastoma and melanoma models. In both neuroblastoma and melanoma patients the high expression of RNF5 correlated with a better prognostic outcome. Treatment of neuroblastoma and melanoma cell lines with Analog-1 reduced cell viability by impairing the glutamine availability and energy metabolism through inhibition of F1Fo ATP-synthase activity. This latter event led to a marked increase in oxidative stress, which, in turn, caused cell death. Similarly, neuroblastoma- and melanoma-bearing mice treated with Analog-1 showed a significant delay of tumor growth in comparison to those treated with vehicle only. These findings validate RNF5 as an innovative drug target and support the development of Analog-1 in early phase clinical trials for neuroblastoma and melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Principi
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elvira Sondo
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bianchi
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Experimental Medicine Department, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Morini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Tomati
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Pastorino
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DI-NOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DI-NOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DI-NOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Lizzia Raffaghello
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
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Ilhan R, Üner G, Yilmaz S, Atalay Sahar E, Cayli S, Erzurumlu Y, Gozen O, Ballar Kirmizibayrak P. Novel regulation mechanism of adrenal cortisol and DHEA biosynthesis via the endogen ERAD inhibitor small VCP-interacting protein. Sci Rep 2022; 12:869. [PMID: 35042898 PMCID: PMC8766438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is a well-characterized mechanism of protein quality control by removal of misfolded or unfolded proteins. The tight regulation of ERAD is critical for protein homeostasis as well as lipid metabolism. Although the mechanism is complex, all ERAD branches converge on p97/VCP, a key protein in the retrotranslocation step. The multifunctionality of p97/VCP relies on its multiple binding partners, one of which is the endogenous ERAD inhibitor, SVIP (small VCP-interacting protein). As SVIP is a promising target for the regulation of ERAD, we aimed to assess its novel physiological roles. We revealed that SVIP is highly expressed in the rat adrenal gland, especially in the cortex region, at a consistently high level during postnatal development, unlike the gradual increase in expression seen in developing nerves. Steroidogenic stimulators caused a decrease in SVIP mRNA expression and increase in SVIP protein degradation in human adrenocortical H295R cells. Interestingly, silencing of SVIP diminished cortisol secretion along with downregulation of steroidogenic enzymes and proteins involved in cholesterol uptake and cholesterol biosynthesis. A certain degree of SVIP overexpression mainly increased the biosynthesis of cortisol as well as DHEA by enhancing the expression of key steroidogenic proteins, whereas exaggerated overexpression led to apoptosis, phosphorylation of eIF2α, and diminished adrenal steroid hormone biosynthesis. In conclusion, SVIP is a novel regulator of adrenal cortisol and DHEA biosynthesis, suggesting that alterations in SVIP expression levels may be involved in the deregulation of steroidogenic stimulator signaling and abnormal adrenal hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Ilhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Göklem Üner
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Yilmaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alanya Aladdin Keykubat, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Esra Atalay Sahar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevil Cayli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
- Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Oguz Gozen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Petek Ballar Kirmizibayrak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Ghafouri M, Gauss CB, Fribley AM. HTS Identification of Activators and Inhibitors of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2378:317-327. [PMID: 34985709 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1732-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The identification of small molecules and natural product extracts that enhance or interfere with the productivity of protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has the potential to improve a wide variety of human pathologies. Every protein that is destined for a lysosome, integral to the cell membrane, or secreted, is folded, post-translationally modified, and exported to the cytoplasm from the ER-Golgi complex. The following protocols have successfully employed several high-fidelity cell-based luciferase high-throughput screens (HTS) to identify activators and inhibitors of ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Ghafouri
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chester B Gauss
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew M Fribley
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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28
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I. Elmenyawi A, Abdel Megeed A, Ibrahim N, Elthakaby A. Highlight on some immune disorders in chronic kidney disease. JOURNAL OF MEDICINE IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmisr.jmisr_27_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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29
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Chipurupalli S, Samavedam U, Robinson N. Crosstalk Between ER Stress, Autophagy and Inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:758311. [PMID: 34805224 PMCID: PMC8602556 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.758311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not only responsible for protein synthesis and folding but also plays a critical role in sensing cellular stress and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Upon sensing the accumulation of unfolded proteins due to perturbation in protein synthesis or folding, specific intracellular signaling pathways are activated, which are collectively termed as unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR expands the capacity of the protein folding machinery, decreases protein synthesis and enhances ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) which degrades misfolded proteins through the proteasomes. More recent evidences suggest that UPR also amplifies cytokines-mediated inflammatory responses leading to pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. UPR signaling also activates autophagy; a lysosome-dependent degradative pathwaythat has an extended capacity to degrade misfolded proteins and damaged ER. Thus, activation of autophagy limits inflammatory response and provides cyto-protection by attenuating ER-stress. Here we review the mechanisms that couple UPR, autophagy and cytokine-induced inflammation that can facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate cellular stress and inflammation associated with various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Chipurupalli
- Cellular-Stress and Immune Response Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Unni Samavedam
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Cellular-Stress and Immune Response Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kaushik N, Kaushik NK, Choi EH, Kim JH. Blockade of Cellular Energy Metabolism through 6-Aminonicotinamide Reduces Proliferation of Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells by Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111088. [PMID: 34827081 PMCID: PMC8614681 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolism targeting for cancer treatment is currently under research in an effort to classify molecules that may block major metabolic steps accompanying cancer development and malignant growth. The approach is to compromise or entirely inhibit the increased metabolic pathways in cancer cells by suppressing the enzymatic activity of the involved proteins. Targeting cancer metabolism unlocks the prospect of improving broadly appropriate drugs that can treat various cancer cell types and may facilitate an innovative class of anticancer molecules. Several analogs of metabolites are currently being tested as possible drug candidates for cancer metabolism. Determining the effect of these metabolites on lung cancer offers the potential for a new class of therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Thus, the efficient use of metabolic inhibitors could be a clinically promising therapeutic scheme. Abstract The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is the most common pathway in most cancer cells and stimulates antioxidant defense mechanisms and synthesis of biomolecule precursors. It is believed that cancer cells persistently ameliorate glucose flux into the PPP to maintain their anabolic requirements and adjust oxidative stress. TCGA analyses have indicated the upregulation of enzymes involved in PPP in lung cancer. Hence, the present study aimed to determine whether the pharmacological blockade of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the primary and rate-limiting enzyme involved in PPP, using 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), could induce antiproliferative activity in two lung cancer cell lines. Exposure to 6-AN suppressed lactate production and glucose consumption, modified the mitochondrial potential and redox balance, and thereby induced the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to reduce lung cancer cell proliferation and govern cellular apoptosis. Collectively, this is the first study in which PPP blockade by 6-AN causes reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis by ER stress in lung cancer cells. Further preclinical studies will be conducted to validate the biological applicability of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center & Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (N.K.K.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center & Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (N.K.K.); (E.H.C.)
| | - June Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea;
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Copper-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines differentially modulate pro- and anti-apoptotic protein and gene expression in HL-60 and K562 leukaemic cells to cause apoptotic cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119160. [PMID: 34634376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of a myriad targeted treatments, resistance and treatment failures remains common in cancer treatment. Moreover, the high cost of targeted antibodies excludes a large cohort of patients from their benefits. In this context, copper-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were evaluated as alternative drug candidates against two common leukaemias, represented by HL-60 and K562 cells. A previous study identified JD88(21), JD47(29) and JD49(28) to be active against these cell lines with IC50 values between 1.9 and 6 μM and low leukocyte toxicity. To better understand their mechanism of action, their mode of cell death, effects on expression of apoptotic regulatory proteins and their respective genes were investigated. In both cell lines, the copper-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, at IC75 concentrations, caused membrane blebbing, raised phosphatidyl-serine levels on cell membranes and increased caspase-3 activity. A loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-9, combined with poor caspase-8 activity indicated activation of intrinsic apoptosis. Apoptotic proteome analysis showed that the copper-imidazo[1,2-a] pyridines elevated protein levels of pro-apoptotic Bax and Smac/DIABLO in both cell lines, confirming their importance in apoptotic cell death. Conversely, though survivin was increased, this was counteracted by high levels of HTRA2/Omi expression. Effects on apoptotic regulatory proteins Bad, Bcl-2, XIAP and cIAP-1 was inconsistent between the copper-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and between the two cell lines, suggesting that the effect of the complexes was modulated by the molecular signature of each cell line. Analysis of mRNA transcripts showed a poor correlation between mRNA levels and associated proteins, implying that copper-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines compromised protein synthesis and degradation.
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Singh R, Smit RB, Wang X, Wang C, Racher H, Hansen D. Reduction of Derlin activity suppresses Notch-dependent tumours in the C. elegans germ line. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009687. [PMID: 34555015 PMCID: PMC8491880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating the balance between self-renewal (proliferation) and differentiation is key to the long-term functioning of all stem cell pools. In the Caenorhabditis elegans germline, the primary signal controlling this balance is the conserved Notch signaling pathway. Gain-of-function mutations in the GLP-1/Notch receptor cause increased stem cell self-renewal, resulting in a tumour of proliferating germline stem cells. Notch gain-of-function mutations activate the receptor, even in the presence of little or no ligand, and have been associated with many human diseases, including cancers. We demonstrate that reduction in CUP-2 and DER-2 function, which are Derlin family proteins that function in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), suppresses the C. elegans germline over-proliferation phenotype associated with glp-1(gain-of-function) mutations. We further demonstrate that their reduction does not suppress other mutations that cause over-proliferation, suggesting that over-proliferation suppression due to loss of Derlin activity is specific to glp-1/Notch (gain-of-function) mutations. Reduction of CUP-2 Derlin activity reduces the expression of a read-out of GLP-1/Notch signaling, suggesting that the suppression of over-proliferation in Derlin loss-of-function mutants is due to a reduction in the activity of the mutated GLP-1/Notch(GF) receptor. Over-proliferation suppression in cup-2 mutants is only seen when the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is functioning properly, suggesting that the suppression, and reduction in GLP-1/Notch signaling levels, observed in Derlin mutants may be the result of activation of the UPR. Chemically inducing ER stress also suppress glp-1(gf) over-proliferation but not other mutations that cause over-proliferation. Therefore, ER stress and activation of the UPR may help correct for increased GLP-1/Notch signaling levels, and associated over-proliferation, in the C. elegans germline. Notch signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that is utilized in many cell fate decisions in many organisms. In the C. elegans germline, Notch signaling is the primary signal that regulates the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Notch gain-of-function mutations cause the receptor to be active, even when a signal that is normally needed to activate the receptor is absent. In the germline of C. elegans, gain-of-function mutations in GLP-1, a Notch receptor, results in over-proliferation of the stem cells and tumour formation. Here we demonstrate that a reduction or loss of Derlin activity, which is a conserved family of proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), suppresses over-proliferation due to GLP-1/Notch gain-of-function mutations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a surveillance mechanism utilized in cells to monitor and react to proteins that are not folded properly (Unfolded Protein Response-UPR) must be functioning well in order for the loss of Derlin activity to supress over-proliferation caused by glp-1/Notch gain-of-function mutations. This suggests that activation of the UPR may be the mechanism at work for suppressing this type of over-proliferation, when Derlin activity is reduced. Therefore, decreasing Derlin activity may be a means of reducing the impact of phenotypes and diseases due to certain Notch gain-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ryan B. Smit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Chris Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Hilary Racher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Dave Hansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Oxidative stress-induced impairment of trophoblast function causes preeclampsia through the unfolded protein response pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18415. [PMID: 34531444 PMCID: PMC8446002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. In PE, trophoblasts mediated inadequate remodeling of uterine spiral arteries seem to interrupt uteroplacental blood flow, one of the hallmarks in the early onset of PE (EO-PE). This, in turn, results in placental ischemia–reperfusion injury during hypoxia and reoxygenation episodes, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS). But still it is debatable if OS is a cause or consequence of PE. In this present study, we have investigated the effects of OS on PE placentae and trophoblast cell functions using BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cell lines. PE placental tissues showed abnormal ultrastructure, high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with altered unfolded protein responses (UPR) in compare with term placental tissues. Similar to PE placentae, during OS induction, the trophoblast cells showed altered invasion and migration properties with significantly variable expression of differentiation and invasion markers, e.g., syncytin and MMPs. The effect was rescued by antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine, thereby implying a ROS-specific effect and in the trophoblast cells, OS triggers UPR pathway through IRE1α-XBP1 axis. Taken together, these findings highlight the harmful effect of unfolded protein response, which was induced due to OS on trophoblast cells and deformed invasion and differentiation programme and can be extended further to clinical settings to identify clinically approved antioxidants during pregnancy as a therapeutic measure to reduce the onset of PE.
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Muscolino E, Luoto LM, Brune W. Viral Induced Protein Aggregation: A Mechanism of Immune Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179624. [PMID: 34502533 PMCID: PMC8431809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors can interfere with the process of protein folding, resulting in protein aggregates. Usually, cells prevent the formation of aggregates or degrade them to prevent the cytotoxic effects they may cause. However, during viral infection, the formation of aggregates may serve as a cellular defense mechanism. On the other hand, some viruses are able to exploit the process of aggregate formation and removal to promote their replication or evade the immune response. This review article summarizes the process of cellular protein aggregation and gives examples of how different viruses exploit it. Particular emphasis is placed on the ribonucleotide reductases of herpesviruses and how their additional non-canonical functions in viral immune evasion are closely linked to protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Muscolino
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (E.M.); (L.-M.L.)
- Molecular Virology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura-Marie Luoto
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (E.M.); (L.-M.L.)
| | - Wolfram Brune
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (E.M.); (L.-M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-48051351
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HSPB1 Is Essential for Inducing Resistance to Proteotoxic Stress in Beta-Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092178. [PMID: 34571827 PMCID: PMC8472426 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) development, beta-cells undergo intense endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that could result in apoptosis through the failure of adaptation to the unfolded protein response (UPR). Islet transplantation is considered an attractive alternative among beta-cell replacement therapies for T1DM. To avoid the loss of beta-cells that will jeopardize the transplant’s outcome, several strategies are being studied. We have previously shown that prolactin induces protection against proinflammatory cytokines and redox imbalance-induced beta-cell death by increasing heat-shock protein B1 (HSPB1) levels. Since the role of HSPB1 in beta cells has not been deeply studied, we investigated the mechanisms involved in unbalanced protein homeostasis caused by intense ER stress and overload of the proteasomal protein degradation pathway. We tested whether HSPB1-mediated cytoprotective effects involved UPR modulation and improvement of protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We demonstrated that increased levels of HSPB1 attenuated levels of pro-apoptotic proteins such as CHOP and BIM, as well as increased protein ubiquitination and the speed of proteasomal protein degradation. Our data showed that HSPB1 induced resistance to proteotoxic stress and, thus, enhanced cell survival via an increase in beta-cell proteolytic capacity. These results could contribute to generate strategies aimed at the optimization of beta-cell replacement therapies.
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Tillmann S, Olschok K, Schröder SK, Bütow M, Baumeister J, Kalmer M, Preußger V, Weinbergerova B, Kricheldorf K, Mayer J, Kubesova B, Racil Z, Wessiepe M, Eschweiler J, Isfort S, Brümmendorf TH, Becker W, Schemionek M, Weiskirchen R, Koschmieder S, Chatain N. The Unfolded Protein Response Is a Major Driver of LCN2 Expression in BCR-ABL- and JAK2V617F-Positive MPN. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164210. [PMID: 34439364 PMCID: PMC8391615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a proinflammatory mediator, is involved in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of LCN2 overexpression in MPN. LCN2 mRNA expression was 20-fold upregulated in peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and myelofibrosis (MF) patients vs. healthy controls. In addition, LCN2 serum levels were significantly increased in polycythemia vera (PV) and MF and positively correlated with JAK2V617F and mutated CALR allele burden and neutrophil counts. Mechanistically, we identified endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) as a main driver of LCN2 expression in BCR-ABL- and JAK2V617F-positive 32D cells. The UPR inducer thapsigargin increased LCN2 expression >100-fold, and this was not affected by kinase inhibition of BCR-ABL or JAK2V617F. Interestingly, inhibition of the UPR regulators inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) significantly reduced thapsigargin-induced LCN2 RNA and protein expression, and luciferase promoter assays identified nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and CCAAT binding protein (C/EBP) as critical regulators of mLCN2 transcription. In conclusion, the IRE1-JNK-NF-κB-C/EBP axis is a major driver of LCN2 expression in MPN, and targeting UPR and LCN2 may represent a promising novel therapeutic approach in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tillmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 520674 Aachen, Germany; (S.T.); (K.O.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (S.I.); (T.H.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Kathrin Olschok
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 520674 Aachen, Germany; (S.T.); (K.O.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (S.I.); (T.H.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Sarah K. Schröder
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marlena Bütow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 520674 Aachen, Germany; (S.T.); (K.O.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (S.I.); (T.H.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Julian Baumeister
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 520674 Aachen, Germany; (S.T.); (K.O.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (S.I.); (T.H.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Milena Kalmer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 520674 Aachen, Germany; (S.T.); (K.O.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (S.I.); (T.H.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Vera Preußger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (V.P.); (W.B.)
| | - Barbora Weinbergerova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.W.); (J.M.); (B.K.); (Z.R.)
| | - Kim Kricheldorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 520674 Aachen, Germany; (S.T.); (K.O.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (S.I.); (T.H.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.W.); (J.M.); (B.K.); (Z.R.)
| | - Blanka Kubesova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.W.); (J.M.); (B.K.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zdenek Racil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.W.); (J.M.); (B.K.); (Z.R.)
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 12820 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Wessiepe
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Susanne Isfort
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 520674 Aachen, Germany; (S.T.); (K.O.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (S.I.); (T.H.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 520674 Aachen, Germany; (S.T.); (K.O.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (S.I.); (T.H.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (V.P.); (W.B.)
| | - Mirle Schemionek
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 520674 Aachen, Germany; (S.T.); (K.O.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (S.I.); (T.H.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 520674 Aachen, Germany; (S.T.); (K.O.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (S.I.); (T.H.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 520674 Aachen, Germany; (S.T.); (K.O.); (M.B.); (J.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (S.I.); (T.H.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.K.S.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-8037798
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Luan H, Bailey TA, Clubb RJ, Mohapatra BC, Bhat AM, Chakraborty S, Islam N, Mushtaq I, Storck MD, Raja SM, Band V, Band H. CHIP/STUB1 Ubiquitin Ligase Functions as a Negative Regulator of ErbB2 by Promoting Its Early Post-Biosynthesis Degradation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163936. [PMID: 34439093 PMCID: PMC8391510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Overexpressed ErbB2/HER2 receptor drives up to a quarter of breast cancers. One aspect of ErbB2 biology that is poorly understood is how it reaches the cell surface following biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, the authors show that the CHIP (C-terminus of HSC70-Interacting protein)/STUB1 (STIP1-homologous U-Box containing protein 1) protein targets the newly synthesized ErbB2 for ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation in the ER and Golgi, identifying a novel mechanism that negatively regulates cell surface expression of ErbB2. These findings provide one explanation for frequent loss of CHIP expression is ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers. The authors further show that ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells with low CHIP expression exhibit higher ER stress inducibility, and ER stress-inducing anticancer drug Bortezomib synergizes with ErbB2-targeted humanized antibody Trastuzumab to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. These new insights suggest that reduced CHIP expression may specify ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers suitable for combined treatment with Trastuzumab and ER stress inducing agents. Abstract Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family member ErbB2 (HER2) drives oncogenesis in up to 25% of invasive breast cancers. ErbB2 expression at the cell surface is required for oncogenesis but mechanisms that ensure the optimal cell surface display of overexpressed ErbB2 following its biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum are poorly understood. ErbB2 is dependent on continuous association with HSP90 molecular chaperone for its stability and function as an oncogenic driver. Here, we use knockdown and overexpression studies to show that the HSP90/HSC70-interacting negative co-chaperone CHIP (C-terminus of HSC70-Interacting protein)/STUB1 (STIP1-homologous U-Box containing protein 1) targets the newly synthesized, HSP90/HSC70-associated, ErbB2 for ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, thus identifying a novel mechanism that negatively regulates cell surface ErbB2 levels in breast cancer cells, consistent with frequent loss of CHIP expression previously reported in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers. ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells with low CHIP expression exhibited higher endoplasmic reticulum stress inducibility. Accordingly, the endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducing anticancer drug Bortezomib combined with ErbB2-targeted humanized antibody Trastuzumab showed synergistic inhibition of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cell proliferation. Our findings reveal new insights into mechanisms that control the surface expression of overexpressed ErbB2 and suggest that reduced CHIP expression may specify ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers suitable for combined treatment with Trastuzumab and ER stress inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Luan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Tameka A. Bailey
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Robert J. Clubb
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Bhopal C. Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
| | - Aaqib M. Bhat
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
| | - Sukanya Chakraborty
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
| | - Namista Islam
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
| | - Insha Mushtaq
- Departments of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Matthew D. Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Srikumar M. Raja
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Vimla Band
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (H.B.); Tel.: +1-402-559-8565 (V.B.); +1-402-559-8572 (H.B.)
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (H.L.); (T.A.B.); (R.J.C.); (B.C.M.); (M.D.S.); (S.M.R.)
- Departments of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.M.B.); (S.C.); (N.I.)
- Departments of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (H.B.); Tel.: +1-402-559-8565 (V.B.); +1-402-559-8572 (H.B.)
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Regulation and Functions of Protumoral Unconventional T Cells in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143578. [PMID: 34298791 PMCID: PMC8304984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of studies on T cell biology in tumor immunity have focused on peptide-reactive conventional T cells that are restricted to polymorphic major histocompatibility complex molecules. However, emerging evidence indicated that unconventional T cells, including γδ T cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are also involved in tumor immunity. Unconventional T cells span the innate-adaptive continuum and possess the unique ability to rapidly react to nonpeptide antigens via their conserved T cell receptors (TCRs) and/or to activating cytokines to orchestrate many aspects of the immune response. Since unconventional T cell lineages comprise discrete functional subsets, they can mediate both anti- and protumoral activities. Here, we review the current understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of protumoral unconventional T cell subsets in the tumor environment. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of these deleterious subsets in solid cancers and why further feasibility studies are warranted.
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Huang R, Li G, Wang K, Wang Z, Zeng F, Hu H, Jiang T. Comprehensive Analysis of the Clinical and Biological Significances of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diffuse Gliomas. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:619396. [PMID: 34307339 PMCID: PMC8301220 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.619396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a critical organelle for protein and lipid synthesis, the dysfunction of endoplasmic reticulum has a significant impact on multiple biological processes of cells. Thus, in this study, we constructed an ER stress-related risk signature to investigate the functional roles of ER stress in gliomas. Methods A total of 626 samples from TCGA RNA-seq dataset (training cohort) and 310 samples from CGGA RNA-seq dataset (validation cohort) were enrolled in this study. Clinical information and genomic profiles were also obtained. The ER stress signature was developed by the LASSO regression model. The prognostic value of the risk signature was evaluated by Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier and ROC Curve analyses. Bioinformatics analysis and experiment in vitro were performed to explore the biological implication of this signature. Results We found that the ER stress-related signature was tightly associated with major clinicopathological features and genomic alterations of gliomas. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis indicated that ER stress activation was an independent prognostic factor for patients with glioma. Besides, we also constructed an individualized prognosis prediction model through Nomogram and ROC Curve analysis. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that ER stress activation also promoted the malignant progression of glioma and participated in the regulation of tumor immune microenvironment, especially the infiltration of macrophages in M2 phase. These results were further validated in IHC analysis and cell biology experiments. Conclusion The ER stress activation had a high prognostic value and could serve as a promising target for developing individualized treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China.,Department of Gamma Knife Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
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Claeys L, Storoni S, Eekhoff M, Elting M, Wisse L, Pals G, Bravenboer N, Maugeri A, Micha D. Collagen transport and related pathways in Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1121-1141. [PMID: 34169326 PMCID: PMC8263409 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) comprises a heterogeneous group of patients who share bone fragility and deformities as the main characteristics, albeit with different degrees of severity. Phenotypic variation also exists in other connective tissue aspects of the disease, complicating disease classification and disease course prediction. Although collagen type I defects are long established as the primary cause of the bone pathology, we are still far from comprehending the complete mechanism. In the last years, the advent of next generation sequencing has triggered the discovery of many new genetic causes for OI, helping to draw its molecular landscape. It has become clear that, in addition to collagen type I genes, OI can be caused by multiple proteins connected to different parts of collagen biosynthesis. The production of collagen entails a complex process, starting from the production of the collagen Iα1 and collagen Iα2 chains in the endoplasmic reticulum, during and after which procollagen is subjected to a plethora of posttranslational modifications by chaperones. After reaching the Golgi organelle, procollagen is destined to the extracellular matrix where it forms collagen fibrils. Recently discovered mutations in components of the retrograde transport of chaperones highlight its emerging role as critical contributor of OI development. This review offers an overview of collagen regulation in the context of recent gene discoveries, emphasizing the significance of transport disruptions in the OI mechanism. We aim to motivate exploration of skeletal fragility in OI from the perspective of these pathways to identify regulatory points which can hint to therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauria Claeys
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Storoni
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marelise Eekhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet Elting
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Wisse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam /UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Maugeri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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41
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Abstract
Glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78) is a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that promotes folding and assembly of proteins, controls the quality of proteins, and regulates ER stress signaling through Ca2+ binding to the ER. In tumors, GRP78 is often upregulated, acting as a central stress sensor that senses and adapts to changes in the tumor microenvironment, mediating ER stress of cancer cells under various stimulations of the microenvironment to trigger the folding protein response. Increasing evidence has shown that GRP78 is closely associated with the progression and poor prognosis of lung cancer, and plays an important role in the treatment of lung cancer. Herein, we reviewed for the first time the functions and mechanisms of GRP78 in the pathological processes of lung cancer, including tumorigenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, progression, and drug resistance, giving a comprehensive understanding of the function of GRP78 in lung cancer. In addition, we also discussed the potential role of GRP78 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer, which is conducive to improving the assessment of lung cancer and the development of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenzhe Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xinri Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Cancer Translational Medicine Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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42
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Nagamine BS, Godil J, Dolan BP. The Unfolded Protein Response Reveals eIF2α Phosphorylation as a Critical Factor for Direct MHC Class I Antigen Presentation. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:135-146. [PMID: 33685907 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to modulate direct MHC class I (MHC I) Ag presentation is a desirable goal for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including autoimmune diseases, chronic viral infections, and cancers. It is therefore necessary to understand how changes in the cellular environment alter the cells' ability to present peptides to T cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a signaling pathway activated by the presence of excess unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Previous studies have indicated that chemical induction of the UPR decreases direct MHC I Ag presentation, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we used a variety of small molecule modulators of different UPR signaling pathways to query which UPR signaling pathways can alter Ag presentation in both murine and human cells. When signaling through the PERK pathway, and subsequent eIF2α phosphorylation, was blocked by treatment with GSK2656157, MHC I Ag presentation remain unchanged, whereas treatment with salubrinal, which has the opposite effect of GSK2656157, decreases both Ag presentation and overall cell-surface MHC I levels. Treatment with 4μ8C, an inhibitor of the IRE1α UPR activation pathway that blocks splicing of Xbp1 mRNA, also diminished MHC I Ag presentation. However, 4μ8C treatment unexpectedly led to an increase in eIF2α phosphorylation in addition to blocking IRE1α signaling. Given that salubrinal and 4μ8C lead to eIF2α phosphorylation and similar decreases in Ag presentation, we conclude that UPR signaling through PERK, leading to eIF2α phosphorylation, results in a modest decrease in direct MHC I Ag presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy S Nagamine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Jamila Godil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Brian P Dolan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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43
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Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the most complex ATP-dependent protease machinery, of ~2.5 MDa mass, ubiquitously found in all eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and plays fundamentally indispensable roles in regulating almost all major aspects of cellular activities. To serve as the sole terminal "processor" for myriad ubiquitylation pathways, the proteasome evolved exceptional adaptability in dynamically organizing a large network of proteins, including ubiquitin receptors, shuttle factors, deubiquitinases, AAA-ATPase unfoldases, and ubiquitin ligases, to enable substrate selectivity and processing efficiency and to achieve regulation precision of a vast diversity of substrates. The inner working of the 26S proteasome is among the most sophisticated, enigmatic mechanisms of enzyme machinery in eukaryotic cells. Recent breakthroughs in three-dimensional atomic-level visualization of the 26S proteasome dynamics during polyubiquitylated substrate degradation elucidated an extensively detailed picture of its functional mechanisms, owing to progressive methodological advances associated with cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Multiple sites of ubiquitin binding in the proteasome revealed a canonical mode of ubiquitin-dependent substrate engagement. The proteasome conformation in the act of substrate deubiquitylation provided insights into how the deubiquitylating activity of RPN11 is enhanced in the holoenzyme and is coupled to substrate translocation. Intriguingly, three principal modes of coordinated ATP hydrolysis in the heterohexameric AAA-ATPase motor were discovered to regulate intermediate functional steps of the proteasome, including ubiquitin-substrate engagement, deubiquitylation, initiation of substrate translocation and processive substrate degradation. The atomic dissection of the innermost working of the 26S proteasome opens up a new era in our understanding of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and has far-reaching implications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Mao
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA. .,School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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44
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Sazonova MA, Sinyov VV, Ryzhkova AI, Sazonova MD, Kirichenko TV, Khotina VA, Khasanova ZB, Doroschuk NA, Karagodin VP, Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA. Some Molecular and Cellular Stress Mechanisms Associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E699. [PMID: 33445687 PMCID: PMC7828120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a combination of nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body to the influence of various adverse stress factors which disrupt its homeostasis, and it is also a corresponding state of the organism's nervous system (or the body in general). We hypothesized that chronic stress may be one of the causes occurence of several molecular and cellular types of stress. We analyzed literary sources and considered most of these types of stress in our review article. We examined genes and mutations of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and also molecular variants which lead to various types of stress. The end result of chronic stress can be metabolic disturbance in humans and animals, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, energy deficiency in cells (due to a decrease in ATP synthesis) and mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes can last for the lifetime and lead to severe pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. The analysis of literature allowed us to conclude that under the influence of chronic stress, metabolism in the human body can be disrupted, mutations of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome and dysfunction of cells and their compartments can occur. As a result of these processes, oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular stress can occur. Therefore, chronic stress can be one of the causes forthe occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. In particular, chronic stress can play a large role in the occurrence and development of oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular types of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Vasily V. Sinyov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Anastasia I. Ryzhkova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Marina D. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria A. Khotina
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zukhra B. Khasanova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Natalya A. Doroschuk
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Vasily P. Karagodin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Department of Commodity Science and Expertise, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Centre, 143024 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
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45
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Liang T, Xue F, Hang W, Wen B, Zhang Q, Chen J, Liu X, Chen J. Neuron-Specific Apolipoprotein E4 (1-272) Fragment Induces Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Axonopathy via Triggering Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:597-611. [PMID: 31424401 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is shown that apoE4 preferentially undergoes aberrant cleavage in neurons, yielding neurotoxic C-terminal-truncated apoE4 fragment. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has also been known to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. However, little is known about the contribution of ER stress to the neurotoxicity of apoE4 fragment. In the present study, we established the neuron-specific expression human C-terminal-truncated apoE4(1-272) fragment transgenic mice and also transfected apoE4(1-272) fragment in neuroblastoma N2a cells. We found that human apoE4(1-272) fragment could trigger ER stress as evidenced by increasing the expression of ER stress markers both in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, the apoE4(1-272) transgenic mice presented obviously AD-like neuropathological changes, including the impairment of spatial learning and memory, prominent axonal morphological changes, and hyperphosphorylation of tau. At the same time, we also found that glycogen synthase kinase-3 activities were significantly increased. Furthermore, these neuropathological changes, especially tau hyperphosphorylation and axonal transport impairment, were significantly rescued by the ER stress protector 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) in apoE4(1-272)-transfected N2a cells. Pretreatment with 4-PBA not only decreased the protein expression of immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP) and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), but also significantly reversed these defects in axonal transport. These results suggested that the neurotoxic effects of apoE4(1-272) fragment found in AD subjects, at least in part, through triggering ER stress and inducing tau hyperphosphorylation, led to the enduring impairment of axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Clinical laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feixiao Xue
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Weijian Hang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiehui Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Gene Diagnostic Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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46
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Fujita H, Aratani S, Mizoguchi I, Yagishita N, Nakajima T. Enhanced expression of synoviolin in peripheral blood from obese/overweight donors. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:121. [PMID: 33005247 PMCID: PMC7523271 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently a major medical and societal issue. Synoviolin (SYVN1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Overexpression of Syvn1 has been found in genetically obese mice (ob/ob and db/db), and treatment with a Syvn1 inhibitor suppresses weight gain in some mouse models (C57BL/6J and db/db). However, SYVN1 expression in humans has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, 35 human volunteers were analyzed, and the expression level of SYVN1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Expression of SYVN1 mRNA was significantly increased in PBMCs from volunteers with a BMI ≥25.0, compared with volunteers with a BMI <25.0. In addition, PCR array and RT-qPCR of ER stress-responsive genes revealed that the expression of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), which plays an important role in the transcriptional activation of SYVN1, was increased in PBMCs from volunteers with a BMI ≥25.0. These results suggest that the ATF6-SYVN1 axis might be an important pathway in the progression of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Fujita
- Department of Locomotor Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Future Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Satoko Aratani
- Department of Locomotor Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Industry-University Cooperation (BioMimetics Sympathies Inc.), Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Naoko Yagishita
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakajima
- Department of Locomotor Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Future Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Industry-University Cooperation (BioMimetics Sympathies Inc.), Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
- Integrated Gene Editing Section (iGES), Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Bayside Misato Medical Center, Kochi, Kochi 781-0112, Japan
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47
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Tawila AM, Sun S, Kim MJ, Omar AM, Dibwe DF, Awale S. A Triterpene Lactone from Callistemon citrinus Inhibits the PANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Viability through Suppression of Unfolded Protein Response. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000495. [PMID: 32865330 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human pancreatic tumor cells such as PANC-1 are known for their ability to tolerate nutrient starvation and thrive under the hypovascular tumor microenvironment, a phenomenon termed as 'austerity'. A search of agents that preferentially inhibit the cancer cell viability under the starvation condition without toxicity in the nutrient-rich condition is a promising approach in anticancer drug discovery. In this study, a triterpene lactone, 3β-hydroxy-13,28-epoxyurs-11-en-28-one (ursenolide), isolated from a Callistemon citrinus extract has shown strong preferential cytotoxicity against PANC-1 cells under nutrient starvation with PC50 value of 0.4 μm. Ursenolide-induced rounding of PANC-1 cell morphology followed by rupture of the cell membrane leading to cell death. In a real-time cell migration study, ursenolide was found to inhibit PANC-1 cell migration significantly. Mechanistically, it inhibited GRP78 and GRP94 under the starvation condition suggesting inhibition of unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive process of cell survival during starvation. It also inhibited the phosphorylation of the key survival protein Akt and mTOR. Overall results suggested that ursenolide is a potential anticancer agent against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Tawila
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Sijia Sun
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Min Jo Kim
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ashraf M Omar
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Dya Fita Dibwe
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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48
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Li M, Zhang Y, Wang J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates cell injury in lipopolysaccharide-induced nerve cells. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520949762. [PMID: 32910707 PMCID: PMC7488914 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520949762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication of sepsis, and excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely correlated with the cell injury caused by sepsis. This study aimed to analyze the possible role of ER stress in SAE cell models. METHODS PC12 and MES23.5 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect cell viability and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to assess cell apoptosis. In addition, the protein expression levels of ER stress markers [GRP78, CHOP, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)] and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3) were analyzed using western blotting. RESULTS LPS treatment activated ER stress markers in both the PC12 and MES23.5 cells. The overexpression of GRP78 significantly reduced cell viability and enhanced cell apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. An ER stress inhibitor, 4-PBA, significantly enhanced cell viability and inhibited the cell apoptosis induced by LPS. Therefore, an enhanced unfolded protein response (UPR) and UPR suppression may regulate cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS UPR was shown to be involved in regulating LPS-induced neuron injury. UPR could be a potential therapeutic target in SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Gaotang County, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Gaotang County, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jixing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
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49
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The Emerging Role of PPAR Beta/Delta in Tumor Angiogenesis. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:3608315. [PMID: 32855630 PMCID: PMC7443046 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3608315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARs are ligand-activated transcriptional factors that belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Among them, PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma are prone to exert an antiangiogenic effect, whereas PPAR beta/delta has an opposite effect in physiological and pathological conditions. Angiogenesis has been known as a hallmark of cancer, and our recent works also demonstrate that vascular-specific PPAR beta/delta overexpression promotes tumor angiogenesis and progression in vivo. In this review, we will mainly focus on the role of PPAR beta/delta in tumor angiogenesis linked to the tumor microenvironment to further facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Moreover, the crosstalk between PPAR beta/delta and its downstream key signal molecules involved in tumor angiogenesis will also be discussed, and the network of interplay between them will further be established in the review.
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50
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Kong M, Han Y, Zhao Y, Zhang H. miR-512-3p Overcomes Resistance to Cisplatin in Retinoblastoma by Promoting Apoptosis Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923817. [PMID: 32641679 PMCID: PMC7370580 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma (RB) seriously endangers the vision and even the life of patients. This study aimed to explore the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and drug resistance of RB and verify the effect of miR-512-3p as a regulator of XBP-1 shearing mechanism on ERS, proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy levels of RB cells. Material/Methods Y79, weri-RB1, and HXO-RB44 cells were treated with cisplatin (DDP) gradient concentration to construct DDP-resistant cells. The drug inhibition rate and cell proliferation were assessed by CCK-8 assay. The cell transfection and cell apoptosis were detected by RT-qPCR analysis and TUNEL assay, respectively. The protein expression was detected by Western blot analysis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the combination of miR-512-30p and XBP-1 transcript 1/2. Results DDP inhibition rates for DDP-resistant RB cells were lower than that for RB cells. The XBP-1 expression was increased in DDP-resistant RB cells, and Y79 cells were chosen for the subsequent experiments. After transfection, miR-512-3p overexpression obviously inhibited the proliferation of DDP-resistant Y79 cells (Y79/DDP cells). miR-512-3p overexpression increased the DDP inhibition rate for Y79/DDP cells and apoptosis of Y79/DDP cells. miR-512-3p overexpression downregulated the expression of LC3 II/I in Y79/DDP cells. The effect of miR-512-3p inhibition on Y79/DDP cells was not as obvious as the effect of miR-512-3p overexpression on Y79/DDP cells. Furthermore, miR-512-3p was confirmed to be combined with XBP-1 transcript variant 1. Conclusions miR-512-3p improved the DDP resistance of RB cells by promoting ERS-induced apoptosis and inhibiting the proliferation and autophagy of RB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Kong
- Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Shanxi Provincial Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Orbit and Ocular Tumor, Shanxi Provincial Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sino-Singapore Eco-City Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Sino-Singapore Eco-City, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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