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Murphy NJ, Eyles J, Spiers L, Davidson EJ, Linklater JM, Kim YJ, Hunter DJ. Combined femoral and acetabular version and synovitis are associated with dGEMRIC scores in people with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2484-2494. [PMID: 37032588 PMCID: PMC10946968 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to explore, in people with symptoms, signs and imaging findings of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI syndrome): (1) whether more severe labral damage, synovitis, bone marrow lesions, or subchondral cysts assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were associated with poorer cartilage health, and (2) whether abnormal femoral, acetabular, and/or combined femoral and acetabular versions were associated with poorer cartilage health. This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the 50 participants with FAI syndrome in the Australian FASHIoN trial (ACTRN12615001177549) with available dGEMRIC scans. Cartilage health was measured using delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) score sampled at the chondrolabral junction on three midsagittal slices, at one acetabular and one femoral head region of interest on each slice, and MRI features were assessed using the Hip Osteoarthritis MRI Score. Analyses were adjusted for alpha angle and body mass index, which are known to affect dGEMRIC score. Linear regression assessed the relationship with the dGEMRIC score of (i) selected MRI features, and (ii) femoral, acetabular, and combined femoral and acetabular versions. Hips with more severe synovitis had worse dGEMRIC scores (partial η2 = 0.167, p = 0.020), whereas other MRI features were not associated. A lower combined femoral and acetabular version was associated with a better dGEMRIC score (partial η2 = 0.164, p = 0.021), whereas isolated measures of femoral and acetabular version were not associated. In conclusion, worse synovitis was associated with poorer cartilage health, suggesting synovium and cartilage may be linked to the pathogenesis of FAI syndrome. A lower combined femoral and acetabular version appears to be protective of cartilage health at the chondrolabral junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Murphy
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health and the Kolling InstituteFaculty of Medicine and Health and the Northern Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyAustralia
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryJohn Hunter HospitalNew Lambton HeightsAustralia
| | - Jillian Eyles
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health and the Kolling InstituteFaculty of Medicine and Health and the Northern Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyAustralia
- Department of RheumatologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsAustralia
| | - Libby Spiers
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Emily J. Davidson
- Department of RadiologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Young Jo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David J. Hunter
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health and the Kolling InstituteFaculty of Medicine and Health and the Northern Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyAustralia
- Department of RheumatologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsAustralia
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Ning Q, Fan T, Ren H, Ye H, Wang W. Differentiating active from Inactive Sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis by combination of DWI and Magnetization Transfer Imaging. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:417-422. [PMID: 36950414 PMCID: PMC10025725 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.2.6094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate lesions of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) by combination of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetization transfer (MT). Methods A retrospective study was used in this study. Forty-nine ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients admitted to The China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital from May 2020 to October 2020 were collected into active and inactive groups. Twenty-two healthy volunteers were recruited. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for bone marrow edema (BME), sclerosis area, fat deposit area, and normal-appearing bone marrow (NABM) (both patients and healthy volunteers) and the magnetization transfer (MT) rate of the cartilage (MTRc) were analyzed in the groups. The above five parameters (ADC (NABM), ADC (BME) and ADC (fat deposit) and MTRc) between the active group and the inactive group were compared. The effectiveness of each parameter in diagnosing sacroiliac arthritis of ankylosing spondylitis were analyzed, and the predictive value of the parameters was compared. Result ADC(BME), ADC(NABM) and MTRc showed statistically significant differences between the active and inactive groups (P <0.05). ADC (BME) and ADC (NABM) could predict the activity of AS sacroiliac arthritis (P <0.01). ADC (NABM) and MTRc were significantly different between healthy volunteers and the active group (P <0.01). The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of ADC (BME)_ADC(NABM), ADC(NABM)_MTR, and ADC(BME)_MTRc were 0.885 (cut-off value=0.69), 0.849 (cut-off value=0.56) and 0.864 (cut-off value=0.60), respectively. The predictive ability of the combined index ADC (BME)_MTRc and ADC(NABM)_MTRc was increased. Conclusion The ability to diagnose and predict AS might be improved by the combination of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetization transfer (MT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Ning
- Qiuping Ning, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China, Department of Radiology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tiebing Fan
- Tiebing Fan, Postdoctoral Management Office, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hua Ren
- Hua Ren, Department of Radiology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Huiyi Ye
- Huiyi Ye, Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Wensheng Wang, Department of Radiology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
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Tolpadi AA, Han M, Calivà F, Pedoia V, Majumdar S. Region of interest-specific loss functions improve T 2 quantification with ultrafast T 2 mapping MRI sequences in knee, hip and lumbar spine. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22208. [PMID: 36564430 PMCID: PMC9789075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI T2 mapping sequences quantitatively assess tissue health and depict early degenerative changes in musculoskeletal (MSK) tissues like cartilage and intervertebral discs (IVDs) but require long acquisition times. In MSK imaging, small features in cartilage and IVDs are crucial for diagnoses and must be preserved when reconstructing accelerated data. To these ends, we propose region of interest-specific postprocessing of accelerated acquisitions: a recurrent UNet deep learning architecture that provides T2 maps in knee cartilage, hip cartilage, and lumbar spine IVDs from accelerated T2-prepared snapshot gradient-echo acquisitions, optimizing for cartilage and IVD performance with a multi-component loss function that most heavily penalizes errors in those regions. Quantification errors in knee and hip cartilage were under 10% and 9% from acceleration factors R = 2 through 10, respectively, with bias for both under 3 ms for most of R = 2 through 12. In IVDs, mean quantification errors were under 12% from R = 2 through 6. A Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix-based scheme showed knee and hip pipelines outperformed state-of-the-art models, retaining smooth textures for most R and sharper ones through moderate R. Our methodology yields robust T2 maps while offering new approaches for optimizing and evaluating reconstruction algorithms to facilitate better preservation of small, clinically relevant features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket A Tolpadi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700, 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Misung Han
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700, 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Francesco Calivà
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700, 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Valentina Pedoia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700, 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Sharmila Majumdar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 1700, 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Zhang K, Liu C, Zhu Y, Li W, Li X, Zheng J, Hong G. Synthetic MRI in the detection and quantitative evaluation of sacroiliac joint lesions in axial spondyloarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000314. [PMID: 36225919 PMCID: PMC9549954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveOur primary objective was to verify the hypothesis that synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is similar to conventional MRI in detecting sacroiliac joint lesions in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). A secondary objective was to assess the quantitative value of synthetic mapping in bone marrow edema (BME) and fat metaplasia.MethodsA total of 132 axSpA patients who underwent synthetic and conventional MRI from October 2019 to March 2021 were included in this prospective study. Two independent readers visually evaluated active inflammatory (BME, capsulitis, enthesitis, and inflammation at site of erosion) and structural lesions (erosion, sclerosis, ankylosis, and fat metaplasia) of the sacroiliac joints on conventional and synthetic magnetic resonance (MR) images. In addition, T1, T2, and proton density (PD) values, which were generated by synthetic mapping, were used to further quantitatively evaluate BME and fat metaplasia. A McNemar test was used to compare the differences between the two methods in the detection of sacroiliac joint lesions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the inter-reader consistency of quantitative values. Mann–Whitney tests were performed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created for all quantitative analyses.ResultsThere were no statistical difference between synthetic and conventional MRI in the detection of sacroiliac joint lesions (all p-values > 0.05). A total of 103 images of BME and 111 images of fat metaplasia were quantitatively evaluated using T1, T2, and PD values. The consistency of quantitative values among readers was good (ICC 0.903–0.970). T1 and T2 values were consistently higher in BME than in normal marrow (p < 0.001), but PD values were not significantly different (p = 0.830). T2 and PD values were higher in fat metaplasia than in normal marrow, but T1 values were lower (p < 0.001). In the case of BME, T1 values had greater diagnostic efficiency [area under the curve (AUC) 0.99] than T2 values (AUC 0.78). There were no significant differences in the diagnostic efficiency of T1 (AUC 0.88), T2 (AUC 0.88), and PD (AUC 0.88) values in the case of fat metaplasia.ConclusionSynthetic MRI is as effective as conventional MRI in detecting sacroiliac joint lesions in patients with axSpA. Furthermore, synthetic mapping can accurately quantify BME and fat metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yunfei Zhu
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ximeng Li
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Guobin Hong, ; Jing Zheng,
| | - Guobin Hong
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Guobin Hong, ; Jing Zheng,
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Jiang Y, Li W, Zheng J, Zhang K, Liu C, Hong G. Magnetic resonance image compilation sequence to quantitatively detect active sacroiliitis with axial spondyloarthritis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:3666-3678. [PMID: 35782268 PMCID: PMC9246753 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the diagnostic value of quantitative parameters [T1, T2, and proton density (PD) value] generated from magnetic resonance image compilation (MAGiC) sequence for active sacroiliitis in the patients with axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA). METHODS A total of 90 consecutive ax-SpA patients were recruited and divided into an active group (n=48) and inactive group (n=42) based on the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium Canada (SPARCC) score in this prospective study. In addition, 47 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. All participants underwent magnetic resonance (MR) scanning (including MAGiC sequence and T2 mapping sequence) to obtain the T1 value, T2 value, PD value of MAGiC sequence (MAGiC T1 value, T2 value, PD value), and the T2 value of T2 mapping sequence (T2 map T2 value). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess the inter‑ and intra‑observer agreement. The correlation between the MAGiC T2 value and the T2 map T2 value was analyzed using Spearman's Rho. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed for all parameters. RESULTS For the active group, inactive group, and control group, the MAGiC T1 value, T2 value, PD value, and T2 map T2 value were (1,700.91±725.40, 546.58±59.49, 640.25±95.79 ms), (129.37±23.85, 117.16±20.37, 90.52±12.05 ms), (76.47±15.92, 82.69±9.51, 75.51±9.17 pu), and (96.75±16.06, 87.96±9.27, 82.03±10.17 ms), respectively. The difference of the MAGiC T1 value and the MAGiC T2 value in the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The MAGiC PD value was only statistically significant between inactive and control groups (P=0.001). When comparing the ROC curves of quantitative values among the three groups, MAGiC T1 value showed higher diagnostic efficacy than MAGiC T2 value between the active and inactive groups (MAGiC T1AUC: 0.971, MAGiC T2AUC: 0.655, P<0.0001), and the MAGiC T2 value showed higher diagnostic efficacy than T2 map T2 value between the active group and control group, and the inactive group and control group (MAGiC T2AUC: 0.940, T2 map T2AUC: 0.784, P=0.0021; MAGiC T2AUC: 0.877, T2 map T2AUC: 0.644, P=0.0011). The consistency of measurements was excellent (ICC =0.972-0.998). The MAGiC T2 value was positively correlated with the T2 map T2 value, but with a low correlation (r=0.402; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS A significant difference was detected between the MAGiC T1 and T2 values among the three groups, while MAGiC PD value had limited diagnostic value. MAGiC T1 value was better at differentiating the active group and inactive group than MAGiC T2 value. MAGiC T2 value was better at differentiating the active group and control group, the inactive group and control group than T2 map T2 value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Jiang
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guobin Hong
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Wu J, Chen X. [Recent research progress of hip-preserving treatment for adolescents and adults with developmental dysplasia of the hip]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:1513-1518. [PMID: 34913305 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review the imaging evaluation, treatment progress, and controversy related to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in adolescents and adults. Methods The domestic and abroad hot issues related to adolescents and adults with DDH in recent years, including new imaging techniques for assessing cartilage, controversies over the diagnosis and treatment of borderline DDH (BDDH), and the improvement and prospect of peracetabular osteotomy (PAO) were summarized and analyzed. Results DDH is one of the main factors leading to hip osteoarthritis. As the understanding of the pathological changes of DDH continues to deepen, the use of delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage can further evaluate the progress of osteoarthritis and predict the prognosis after hip preservation. There are still controversies about the diagnosis and treatment of BDDH. At the same time, PAO technology and concepts are still being improved. Conclusion Cartilage injury and bony structure determine the choice of surgical methods and postoperative prognosis of hip preservation surgery. The hip preservation of adolescent and adult DDH patients will move towards the goal of individualization and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R.China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P.R.China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R.China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P.R.China
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Fernquest S, Palmer A, Pereira C, Arnold C, Hirons E, Broomfield J, Newman S, Glyn-Jones S. The Response of Hip Joint Cartilage to Exercise in Children: An MRI Study Using T2-Mapping. Cartilage 2021; 13:1761S-1771S. [PMID: 32532161 PMCID: PMC8808918 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520931182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of activity and cam morphology on cartilage composition during adolescence and investigate the development of cartilage composition with age. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational cohort study of individuals from football club academies and an age-matched control population, aged 9 to 18 years. Assessments included questionnaires and T2-mapping of hips. Primary imaging outcome measures were T2 relaxation time of acetabular and femoral cartilage, average alpha angle, and lateral epiphyseal extension. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 109 elite male footballers, 49 male controls, and 51 female controls. Elite male footballers had an acetabular cartilage T2 value 4.85 ms greater than male controls (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation existed between Physical Activity Questionnaire Score and acetabular cartilage T2 value (coefficient 1.07, P < 0.001) and femoral cartilage T2 value (coefficient 0.66, P = 0.032). Individuals with a closed physis had an acetabular cartilage T2 value 7.86 ms less than individuals with an open physis. Acetabular cartilage T2 values decreased with age in elite footballers. No correlation existed between alpha angle and anterosuperior acetabular cartilage T2 value and no difference in T2 value existed between individuals with and without cam morphology. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that high activity levels may significantly affect acetabular cartilage composition during adolescence, but cam morphology may not detrimentally affect cartilage composition until after adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fernquest
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Scott Fernquest, Botnar Research Centre,
Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences,
University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Antony Palmer
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudio Pereira
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Calum Arnold
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Hirons
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Broomfield
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Newman
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sion Glyn-Jones
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Comparative analysis of the diagnostic values of T2 mapping and diffusion-weighted imaging for sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis. Skeletal Radiol 2020; 49:1597-1606. [PMID: 32382978 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic values of T2 mapping and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for active sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to evaluate the correlations of T2 and ADC values with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) scores. METHODS A total of 77 AS patients with sacroiliitis and 45 healthy controls were enrolled. All patients were scanned by standard magnetic resonance imaging longitudinal relaxation time (T1)-weighted imaging (T1WI), fat-saturated T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI)] and DWI, and T2 mapping of the sacroiliac joints. According to whether subchondral bone marrow edema was present in the FS-T2WI sequence, the 77 patients were divided into an active group (41 cases) and an inactive group (36 cases). The T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the subchondral bone marrow were measured in the active group, the inactive group, and the healthy control group. The average T2 and ADC values were compared among the three groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of T2 and ADC values for sacroiliitis. The correlations of T2 and ADC values with the BASDAI score and the SPARCC score were analyzed. RESULTS The T2 and ADC values in the active group were higher than those in the inactive group, while that in the inactive group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (p < 0.0001). The T2 and ADC values of the AS patients were positively correlated with BASDAI scores, and the correlation coefficients (r) were 0.786 (p < 0.0001) and 0.842 (p < 0.0001), respectively. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of T2 and ADC values between the active and inactive groups, the active group and the healthy control group, and the inactive group and the healthy control group were 0.889 (95% CI, 0.80-0.95) and 0.917 (95% CI, 0.83-0.97), 0.982 (95% CI, 0.93-1.00) and 0.984 (95% CI, 0.93-1.00), and 0.628 (95% CI, 0.51-0.73) and 0.871 (95% CI, 0.78-0.94), respectively. The T2 and ADC values of the AS patients in the active group were positively correlated with SPARCC scores, and the correlation coefficients (r) were 0.757 (p < 0.0001) and 0.764 (p < 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSION T2 and ADC values can be used to quantitatively assess the activity of AS, and the efficacy of the ADC value in the diagnosis of AS was higher than that of the T2 value.
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