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Juhász KZ, Hajdú T, Kovács P, Vágó J, Matta C, Takács R. Hypoxic Conditions Modulate Chondrogenesis through the Circadian Clock: The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α. Cells 2024; 13:512. [PMID: 38534356 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimer transcription factor composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. HIF-1α is a master regulator of cellular response to hypoxia by activating the transcription of genes that facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Since chondrocytes in mature articular cartilage reside in a hypoxic environment, HIF-1α plays an important role in chondrogenesis and in the physiological lifecycle of articular cartilage. Accumulating evidence suggests interactions between the HIF pathways and the circadian clock. The circadian clock is an emerging regulator in both developing and mature chondrocytes. However, how circadian rhythm is established during the early steps of cartilage formation and through what signaling pathways it promotes the healthy chondrocyte phenotype is still not entirely known. This narrative review aims to deliver a concise analysis of the existing understanding of the dynamic interplay between HIF-1α and the molecular clock in chondrocytes, in states of both health and disease, while also incorporating creative interpretations. We explore diverse hypotheses regarding the intricate interactions among these pathways and propose relevant therapeutic strategies for cartilage disorders such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Zoltán Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hajdú
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Patrik Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Vágó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Vágó J, Takács R, Kovács P, Hajdú T, van der Veen DR, Matta C. Combining biomechanical stimulation and chronobiology: a novel approach for augmented chondrogenesis? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1232465. [PMID: 37456723 PMCID: PMC10349586 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1232465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique structure and composition of articular cartilage is critical for its physiological function. However, this architecture may get disrupted by degeneration or trauma. Due to the low intrinsic regeneration properties of the tissue, the healing response is generally poor. Low-grade inflammation in patients with osteoarthritis advances cartilage degradation, resulting in pain, immobility, and reduced quality of life. Generating neocartilage using advanced tissue engineering approaches may address these limitations. The biocompatible microenvironment that is suitable for cartilage regeneration may not only rely on cells and scaffolds, but also on the spatial and temporal features of biomechanics. Cell-autonomous biological clocks that generate circadian rhythms in chondrocytes are generally accepted to be indispensable for normal cartilage homeostasis. While the molecular details of the circadian clockwork are increasingly well understood at the cellular level, the mechanisms that enable clock entrainment by biomechanical signals, which are highly relevant in cartilage, are still largely unknown. This narrative review outlines the role of the biomechanical microenvironment to advance cartilage tissue engineering via entraining the molecular circadian clockwork, and highlights how application of this concept may enhance the development and successful translation of biomechanically relevant tissue engineering interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Vágó
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Patrik Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hajdú
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Daan R. van der Veen
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Lamandé SR, Ng ES, Cameron TL, Kung LHW, Sampurno L, Rowley L, Lilianty J, Patria YN, Stenta T, Hanssen E, Bell KM, Saxena R, Stok KS, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Bateman JF. Modeling human skeletal development using human pluripotent stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211510120. [PMID: 37126720 PMCID: PMC10175848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211510120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes and osteoblasts differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will provide insights into skeletal development and genetic skeletal disorders and will generate cells for regenerative medicine applications. Here, we describe a method that directs iPSC-derived sclerotome to chondroprogenitors in 3D pellet culture then to articular chondrocytes or, alternatively, along the growth plate cartilage pathway to become hypertrophic chondrocytes that can transition to osteoblasts. Osteogenic organoids deposit and mineralize a collagen I extracellular matrix (ECM), mirroring in vivo endochondral bone formation. We have identified gene expression signatures at key developmental stages including chondrocyte maturation, hypertrophy, and transition to osteoblasts and show that this system can be used to model genetic cartilage and bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen R. Lamandé
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S. Ng
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Trevor L. Cameron
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Louise H. W. Kung
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa Sampurno
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lynn Rowley
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jinia Lilianty
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yudha Nur Patria
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
| | - Tayla Stenta
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Ian Holmes Imaging Center and Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Katrina M. Bell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ritika Saxena
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kathryn S. Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John F. Bateman
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Gao W, Li R, Ye M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Yang Y, Wei X, Zhao Q. The circadian clock has roles in mesenchymal stem cell fate decision. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:200. [PMID: 35578353 PMCID: PMC9109355 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock refers to the intrinsic biological rhythms of physiological functions and behaviours. It synergises with the solar cycle and has profound effects on normal metabolism and organismal fitness. Recent studies have suggested that the circadian clock exerts great influence on the differentiation of stem cells. Here, we focus on the close relationship between the circadian clock and mesenchymal stem cell fate decisions in the skeletal system. The underlying mechanisms include hormone signals and the activation and repression of different transcription factors under circadian regulation. Additionally, the clock interacts with epigenetic modifiers and non-coding RNAs and is even involved in chromatin remodelling. Although the specificity and safety of circadian therapy need to be further studied, the circadian regulation of stem cells can be regarded as a promising candidate for health improvement and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meilin Ye
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Naven MA, Zeef LA, Li S, Humphreys PA, Smith CA, Pathiranage D, Cain S, Woods S, Bates N, Au M, Wen C, Kimber SJ, Meng QJ. Development of human cartilage circadian rhythm in a stem cell-chondrogenesis model. Theranostics 2022; 12:3963-3976. [PMID: 35664072 PMCID: PMC9131279 DOI: 10.7150/thno.70893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock in murine articular cartilage is a critical temporal regulatory mechanism for tissue homeostasis and osteoarthritis. However, translation of these findings into humans has been hampered by the difficulty in obtaining circadian time series human cartilage tissues. As such, a suitable model is needed to understand the initiation and regulation of circadian rhythms in human cartilage. Methods: We used a chondrogenic differentiation protocol on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a proxy for early human chondrocyte development. Chondrogenesis was validated using histology and expression of pluripotency and differentiation markers. The molecular circadian clock was tracked in real time by lentiviral transduction of human clock gene luciferase reporters. Differentiation-coupled gene expression was assessed by RNAseq and differential expression analysis. Results: hESCs lacked functional circadian rhythms in clock gene expression. During chondrogenic differentiation, there was an expected reduction of pluripotency markers (e.g., NANOG and OCT4) and a significant increase of chondrogenic genes (SOX9, COL2A1 and ACAN). Histology of the 3D cartilage pellets at day 21 showed a matrix architecture resembling human cartilage, with readily detectable core clock proteins (BMAL1, CLOCK and PER2). Importantly, the circadian clocks in differentiating hESCs were activated between day 11 (end of the 2D stage) and day 21 (10 days after 3D differentiation) in the chondrogenic differentiation protocol. RNA sequencing revealed striking differentiation coupled changes in the expression levels of most clock genes and a range of clock regulators. Conclusions: The circadian clock is gradually activated through a differentiation-coupled mechanism in a human chondrogenesis model. These findings provide a human 3D chondrogenic model to investigate the role of the circadian clock during normal homeostasis and in diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Naven
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Leo A.H. Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Shiyang Li
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher A Smith
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Dharshika Pathiranage
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Cain
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicola Bates
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Manting Au
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Qing-Jun Meng () and Susan Kimber ()
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Qing-Jun Meng () and Susan Kimber ()
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Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns of Epigenetic Enzymes Dnmt3a, Tet1 and Ogt in Murine Chondrogenic Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102678. [PMID: 34685658 PMCID: PMC8534543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the gene expression pattern of selected enzymes involved in DNA methylation and the effects of the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine during in vitro and in vivo cartilage formation. Based on the data of a PCR array performed on chondrifying BMP2-overexpressing C3H10T1/2 cells, the relative expressions of Tet1 (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1), Dnmt3a (DNA methyltransferase 3), and Ogt (O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase) were further examined with RT-qPCR in murine cell line-based and primary chondrifying micromass cultures. We found very strong but gradually decreasing expression of Tet1 throughout the entire course of in vitro cartilage differentiation along with strong signals in the cartilaginous embryonic skeleton using specific RNA probes for in situ hybridization on frozen sections of 15-day-old mouse embryos. Dnmt3a and Ogt expressions did not show significant changes with RT-qPCR and gave weak in situ hybridization signals. The DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine reduced cartilage-specific gene expression and cartilage formation when applied during the early stages of chondrogenesis. In contrast, it had a stimulatory effect when added to differentiated chondrocytes, and quantitative methylation-specific PCR proved that the DNA methylation pattern of key chondrogenic marker genes was altered by the treatment. Our results indicate that the DNA demethylation inducing Tet1 plays a significant role during chondrogenesis, and inhibition of DNA methylation exerts distinct effects in different phases of in vitro cartilage formation.
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Song X, Bai H, Meng X, Xiao J, Gao L. Drivers of phenotypic variation in cartilage: Circadian clock genes. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7593-7601. [PMID: 34213828 PMCID: PMC8358851 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous homeostasis and peripheral tissue metabolism are disrupted by irregular fluctuations in activation, movement, feeding and temperature, which can accelerate negative biological processes and lead to immune reactions, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). This review summarizes abnormal phenotypes in articular joint components such as cartilage, bone and the synovium, attributed to the deletion or overexpression of clock genes in cartilage or chondrocytes. Understanding the functional mechanisms of different genes, the differentiation of mouse phenotypes and the prevention of joint ageing and disease will facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinghua Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhua Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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A matter of time: Circadian clocks in osteoarthritis and the potential of chronotherapy. Exp Gerontol 2020; 143:111163. [PMID: 33227402 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and debilitating joint disease which develops and progresses with age. Despite extensive research into the disease, potent disease-modifying drugs remain elusive. Changes to the character and function of chondrocytes of the articular cartilage underly the pathogenesis of OA. A recently emerging facet of chondrocyte biology that has been implicated in OA pathogenesis is the role of circadian rhythms, and the cellular clock which governs rhythmic gene transcription. Here, we review the role of the chondrocyte's cellular clock in governing normal homeostasis, and explore the wide range of consequences that contribute to OA development when the clock is dysregulated by aging and other factors. Finally, we explore how harnessing this understanding of clock mechanics in aging and OA can be translated into novel treatment strategies, or 'chronotherapies', for patients.
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