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Zhang Y, Cheng Z, Peng H, Ma W, Zhang R, Ma J, Gao S, Li W, Xu Y. Factors influencing diffusion tensor imaging of knee cartilage in children ages 6-12 years: a prospective study. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:1284-1293. [PMID: 38910223 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-024-05965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has recently been used to evaluate the developing cartilage of children, but the influencing factors have not been well studied. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the diffusion gradient strength (b value), diffusion gradient direction, age and sex on knee cartilage DTI in healthy children aged 6-12 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 healthy child volunteers, with an average age of 8.9 ± 1.6 (mean ± standard deviation) years, were enrolled in this study. They were categorized into three groups according to their age range: 6-8 years, 8-10 years and 10-12 years, ensuring equal sex distribution in each group (5 boys and 5 girls). These volunteers underwent routine left knee joint magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serial DTI scans. DTI parameters were altered as follows: when b value = 600 s/mm2, diffusion gradient direction was set to 6, 15, 25, 35 and 45; and when diffusion gradient direction = 25, b value was set to 300, 600, 900 and 1200 s/mm2. The values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were separately acquired using image post-processing techniques. The correlation between various b values, diffusion gradient directions, age and sex on the one hand and FA and ADC values on the other, was investigated. RESULTS (1) When diffusion gradient direction was fixed and the b value was varied, both FA and ADC exhibited a decreasing trend as the b value increased (P < 0.001). (2) When the b value was fixed and diffusion gradient direction was varied, the FA of knee cartilage showed a decreasing trend with increasing diffusion gradient direction (P < 0.001). (3) The FA value increased with age (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The b value, diffusion gradient direction value and age exert a significant impact on both FA and ADC values in MR DTI of knee cartilage in children aged 6-12 years. In order to obtain a stable DTI, it is recommended to select a b value ≥ 600 s/mm2 and a diffusion gradient direction ≥ 25 during scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Zhang
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, 136 Zhongshan Er Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, 136 Zhongshan Er Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Hailun Peng
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, 136 Zhongshan Er Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Yubei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, 136 Zhongshan Er Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Junya Ma
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, 136 Zhongshan Er Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Sijie Gao
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, 136 Zhongshan Er Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, 136 Zhongshan Er Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, 136 Zhongshan Er Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400000, China.
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Liu S, Zhang Y, Liu W, Yin T, Yuan J, Ran J, Li X. Simultaneous multi-slice technique for reducing acquisition times in diffusion tensor imaging of the knee: a feasibility study. Skeletal Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00256-024-04719-y. [PMID: 38913177 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the feasibility of simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) technique for reducing acquisition times in readout-segmented echo planar imaging (RESOLVE) for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 healthy volunteers and 23 patients with knee acute injury (12 cases with anterior ligament (ACL) tears and 16 cases with patellar cartilage (PC) injury) were enrolled in this prospective study. Three DTI protocols were used: conventional RESOLVE-DTI with 12 directions (protocol 1), SMS-RESOLVE-DTI with 12 directions (protocol 2) and 20 directions (protocol 3). DTI parameters of gastrocnemius, ACL and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and PC from three protocols were quantitatively assessed. RESULTS For volunteers, protocol 2 significantly reduced acquisition time by 38.6% and 34.2% compared to protocols 1 and 3 while maintaining similar high-quality images and similar diffusive parameters, except for the fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD) of the PC between protocols 2 and 1 (P < 0.05). For injured ACL and PC, protocols 1 and 2 showed similar accurate diffusive parameters (except for AD, P = 0.025) and similar diagnostic efficacy, which demonstrated significantly lower FA and higher radial diffusivity (RD) in protocols 1 and 2 compared to volunteers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 12-direction SMS-RESOLVE-DTI demonstrated a favorable balance between acquisition time and image quality, making it a promising alternative to conventional DTI for evaluating ligament and cartilage injuries. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The SMS technique greatly reduces acquisition time while maintaining image quality, which signified the possibility of DTI's clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- MR Application Development, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., No. 32 Gaoxin C. Ave., 2nd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Yin
- MR Collaborations, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongxiang People's Hospital, Zhongxiang City, China
| | - Jun Ran
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Santos L, Hsu HY, Nelson RR, Sullivan B, Shin J, Fung M, Lebel MR, Jambawalikar S, Jaramillo D. Impact of Deep Learning Denoising Algorithm on Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Growth Plate on Different Spatial Resolutions. Tomography 2024; 10:504-519. [PMID: 38668397 PMCID: PMC11054892 DOI: 10.3390/tomography10040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the impact of a deep learning (DL) denoising reconstruction algorithm applied to identical patient scans acquired with two different voxel dimensions, representing distinct spatial resolutions, this IRB-approved prospective study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric center in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. A General Electric Signa Premier unit (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) was employed to acquire two DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) sequences of the left knee on each child at 3T: an in-plane 2.0 × 2.0 mm2 with section thickness of 3.0 mm and a 2 mm3 isovolumetric voxel; neither had an intersection gap. For image acquisition, a multi-band DTI with a fat-suppressed single-shot spin-echo echo-planar sequence (20 non-collinear directions; b-values of 0 and 600 s/mm2) was utilized. The MR vendor-provided a commercially available DL model which was applied with 75% noise reduction settings to the same subject DTI sequences at different spatial resolutions. We compared DTI tract metrics from both DL-reconstructed scans and non-denoised scans for the femur and tibia at each spatial resolution. Differences were evaluated using Wilcoxon-signed ranked test and Bland-Altman plots. When comparing DL versus non-denoised diffusion metrics in femur and tibia using the 2 mm × 2 mm × 3 mm voxel dimension, there were no significant differences between tract count (p = 0.1, p = 0.14) tract volume (p = 0.1, p = 0.29) or tibial tract length (p = 0.16); femur tract length exhibited a significant difference (p < 0.01). All diffusion metrics (tract count, volume, length, and fractional anisotropy (FA)) derived from the DL-reconstructed scans, were significantly different from the non-denoised scan DTI metrics in both the femur and tibial physes using the 2 mm3 voxel size (p < 0.001). DL reconstruction resulted in a significant decrease in femorotibial FA for both voxel dimensions (p < 0.01). Leveraging denoising algorithms could address the drawbacks of lower signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) associated with smaller voxel volumes and capitalize on their better spatial resolutions, allowing for more accurate quantification of diffusion metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Santos
- Radiology Department, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hao-Yun Hsu
- Radiology Department, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ronald R. Nelson
- Radiology Department, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brendan Sullivan
- Radiology Department, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sachin Jambawalikar
- Radiology Department, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Diego Jaramillo
- Radiology Department, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Wang Z, Lu J, Ge H, Li Z, Zhang M, Pan F, Wang R, Jin H, Yang G, Shen Z, Du G, Zhan H. Morphology and transverse alignment of the patella have no effect on knee gait characteristics in healthy Chinese adults over the age of 40 years. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1319602. [PMID: 38562671 PMCID: PMC10982314 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1319602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The influence of patella morphology and horizontal alignment on knee joint kinematics and kinetics remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess patella morphology and transverse alignment in relation to knee kinetics and kinematics in individuals without knee conditions. A secondary objective was to investigate the impact of femur and tibia alignment and shape on knee gait within this population. Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective collection of data, including full-leg anteroposterior and skyline X-ray views and three-dimensional gait data, from a cohort comprising 54 healthy individuals aged 40 years and older. Our study involved correlation and logistic regression analyses to examine the influence of patella, femur, and tibia morphology and alignment on knee gait. Results: The patellar tilt angle or the patella index did not show any significant relationships with different aspects of gait in the knee joint, such as velocity, angle, or moment (p > 0.05, respectively). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that the tibiofemoral angle and the Q angle both had a significant effect on the adduction angle (OR = 1.330, 95%CI 1.033-1.711, p = 0.027; OR = 0.475, 95%CI 0.285-0.792, p = 0.04; respectively). The primary variable influencing the knee adduction moment was the tibiofemoral angle (OR = 1.526, 95% CI 1.125-2.069, p = 0.007). Conclusion: In healthy Chinese individuals aged over 40, patella morphology and transverse alignment do not impact knee gait. However, the femoral-tibial angle has a big impact on the knee adduction moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Wang
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiehang Lu
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiya Ge
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyan Li
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuwei Pan
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Massage, Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengkai Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangyue Yang
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibi Shen
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Du
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhan
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Raya JG, Duarte A, Wang N, Mazzoli V, Jaramillo D, Blamire AM, Dietrich O. Applications of Diffusion-Weighted MRI to the Musculoskeletal System. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:376-396. [PMID: 37477576 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an established MRI technique that can investigate tissue microstructure at the scale of a few micrometers. Musculoskeletal tissues typically have a highly ordered structure to fulfill their functions and therefore represent an optimal application of DWI. Even more since disruption of tissue organization affects its biomechanical properties and may indicate irreversible damage. The application of DWI to the musculoskeletal system faces application-specific challenges on data acquisition including susceptibility effects, the low T2 relaxation time of most musculoskeletal tissues (2-70 msec) and the need for sub-millimetric resolution. Thus, musculoskeletal applications have been an area of development of new DWI methods. In this review, we provide an overview of the technical aspects of DWI acquisition including diffusion-weighting, MRI pulse sequences and different diffusion regimes to study tissue microstructure. For each tissue type (growth plate, articular cartilage, muscle, bone marrow, intervertebral discs, ligaments, tendons, menisci, and synovium), the rationale for the use of DWI and clinical studies in support of its use as a biomarker are presented. The review describes studies showing that DTI of the growth plate has predictive value for child growth and that DTI of articular cartilage has potential to predict the radiographic progression of joint damage in early stages of osteoarthritis. DTI has been used extensively in skeletal muscle where it has shown potential to detect microstructural and functional changes in a wide range of muscle pathologies. DWI of bone marrow showed to be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of benign and malignant acute vertebral fractures and bone metastases. DTI and diffusion kurtosis have been investigated as markers of early intervertebral disc degeneration and lower back pain. Finally, promising new applications of DTI to anterior cruciate ligament grafts and synovium are presented. The review ends with an overview of the use of DWI in clinical routine. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Raya
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alejandra Duarte
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Valentina Mazzoli
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Diego Jaramillo
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olaf Dietrich
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kvist O, Santos LA, De Luca F, Jaramillo D. Can diffusion tensor imaging unlock the secrets of the growth plate? BJR Open 2024; 6:tzae005. [PMID: 38558926 PMCID: PMC10978376 DOI: 10.1093/bjro/tzae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
"How tall will I be?" Every paediatrician has been asked this during their career. The growth plate is the main site of longitudinal growth of the long bones. The chondrocytes in the growth plate have a columnar pattern detectable by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). DTI shows the diffusion of water in a tissue and whether it is iso- or anisotropic. By detecting direction and magnitude of diffusion, DTI gives information about the microstructure of the tissue. DTI metrics include tract volume, length, and number, fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity. DTI metrics, particularly tract volume, provide quantitative data regarding skeletal growth and, in conjunction with the fractional anisotropy, be used to determine whether a growth plate is normal. Tractography is a visual display of the diffusion, depicting its direction and amplitude. Tractography gives a more qualitative visualization of cellular orientation in a tissue and reflects the activity in the growth plate. These two components of DTI can be used to assess the growth plate without ionizing radiation or pain. Further refinements in DTI will improve prediction of post-imaging growth and growth plate closure, and assessment of the positive and negative effect of treatments like cis-retinoic acid and growth hormone administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Kvist
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Laura A Santos
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irvine Medical Center, New York, NY 100 32, United States
| | - Francesca De Luca
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 64, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Diego Jaramillo
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irvine Medical Center, New York, NY 100 32, United States
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Kvist O, Dorniok T, Sanmartin Berglund J, Nilsson O, Flodmark CE, Diaz S. DTI assessment of the maturing growth plate of the knee in adolescents and young adults. Eur J Radiol 2023; 162:110759. [PMID: 36931119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the growth plates of the knee in a healthy population of young adults and adolescents using DTI, and to correlate the findings with chronological age and skeletal maturation. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional study to assess the tibial and femoral growth plates with DTI in 155 healthy volunteers aged between 14.0 and 21 years old. Echo-planar DTI with 15 directions and b value of 0 and 600 s/mm2 was performed on a 3 T whole-body scanner. RESULTS A relationship was observed between chronological age and most DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and radial diffusivity), tract length and volume. (No significant relationship could be seen for axonal diffusivity and tract length.) Subdivision according to skeletal maturation showed the greatest tract lengths and volumes seen in stage 4b and not 4a. The intra-observer agreement was significant (P = 0.01) for all the measured variables, but agreement varied (femur 0.53 - 0.98; tibia 0.58 - 0.98). Spearman's correlation showed a significant correlation for age (P = 0.05; P = 0.01) as well as for the fractional anisotropy value within all variables in both femur and tibia. Tract number and volume had a similar correlation with most variables, especially the DTI metrics, and would seem to be interchangeable. CONCLUSION The current study indicates that DTI metrics could be a tool to assess the skeletal maturation process of the growth plate and its activity. Tractography seems promising to assess the activity of the growth plate in a younger population but must be used with caution in the more mature growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Kvist
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Torsten Dorniok
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Ola Nilsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences and Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University and University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Carl-Erik Flodmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lunds University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Lunds University, Lund, Sweden.
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Kvist O, Damberg P, Dou Z, Berglund JS, Flodmark C, Nilsson O, Diaz S. Magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging of the adolescent rabbit growth plate of the knee. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:331-342. [PMID: 36110062 PMCID: PMC9826331 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the ability of MRI-DTI to evaluate growth plate morphology and activity compared with that of histomorphometry and micro-CT in rabbits. METHODS The hind limbs of female rabbits aged 16, 20, and 24 wk (n = 4 per age group) were studied using a 9.4T MRI scanner with a multi-gradient echo 3D sequence and DTI in 14 directions (b-value = 984 s/mm2 ). After MRI, the right and left hind limb were processed for histological analysis and micro-CT, respectively. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate the height and volume of the growth plate. Intraclass correlation and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the association between DTI metrics and age. RESULTS The growth plate height and volume were similar for all modalities at each time point and age. Age was correlated with all tractography and DTI metrics in both the femur and tibia. A correlation was also observed between all the metrics at both sites. Tract number and volume declined with age; however, tract length did not show any changes. The fractional anisotropy color map showed lateral diffusion centrally in the growth plate and perpendicular diffusion in the hypertrophic zone, as verified by histology and micro-CT. CONCLUSION MRI-DTI may be useful for evaluating the growth plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Kvist
- Department of Paediatric RadiologyKarolinska University Hospital
StockholmSweden,Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Peter Damberg
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Zelong Dou
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Ola Nilsson
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Paediatric RadiologyKarolinska University Hospital
StockholmSweden,Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Department of RadiologyLunds UniversityLundSweden
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Wang N, Wen Q, Maharjan S, Mirando AJ, Qi Y, Hilton MJ, Spritzer CE. Magic angle effect on diffusion tensor imaging in ligament and brain. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 92:243-250. [PMID: 35777687 PMCID: PMC10155228 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the magic angle effect on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements in rat ligaments and mouse brains. METHODS Three rat knee joints and three mouse brains were scanned at 9.4 T using a modified 3D diffusion-weighted spin echo pulse sequence with the isotropic spatial resolution of 45 μm. The b value was 1000 s/mm2 for rat knee and 4000 s/mm2 for mouse brain. DTI model was used to investigate the quantitative metrics at different orientations with respect to the main magnetic field. The collagen fiber structure of the ligament was validated with polarized light microscopy (PLM) imaging. RESULTS The signal intensity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and DTI metrics in the ligament were strongly dependent on the collagen fiber orientation with respect to the main magnetic field from both simulation and actual MRI scans. The variation of fractional anisotropy (FA) was about ~32%, and the variation of mean diffusivity (MD) was ~11%. These findings were further validated with the numerical simulation at different SNRs (~10.0 to 86.0). Compared to the ligament, the DTI metrics showed little orientation dependence in mouse brains. CONCLUSION Magic angle effect plays an important role in DTI measurements in the highly ordered collagen-rich tissues, while MD showed less orientation dependence than FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Qiuting Wen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Surendra Maharjan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anthony J Mirando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yi Qi
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Hilton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles E Spritzer
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Carboxymethyl chitosan-assisted MnOx nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, detection and cartilage repair in early osteoarthritis. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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