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Torres-Marín J, Navarro-Carrillo G, Bustos-Ortega M, Heintz S, Carretero-Dios H. Competitive Latent Structures for the Comic Style Markers: Developing a Psychometrically Sound Short Version Using Spanish and US American Samples. J Pers Assess 2024; 106:407-420. [PMID: 37943627 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2274533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The Comic Style Markers (CSM) is a questionnaire that allows a fine-grained description of how people differ in the way they display humor in their daily lives. It includes 48 statements capturing eight interrelated, yet distinct comic styles: fun, irony, wit, sarcasm, benevolent humor, satire, nonsense humor, and cynicism. Despite the independent conceptual roots of these humorous domains, the analysis of the CSM scales' latent structure shows that their empirical distinction needs to be improved. Using the information derived from a competitive latent approach, including confirmatory factor analysis, bifactor analysis, and exploratory structural equation modeling, we proposed and validated a shorter 24-item version of the CSM in a large sample of 925 Spanish individuals (SP-CSM-24). This scale-refinement improved the psychometric differentiation of the eight comic styles without undermining the good internal consistency and the temporal stability of the CSM scores. Strong invariance was held for gender and age groups, and partial scalar invariance for countries also emerged using a sample of 318 U.S. American adults. Structural equation modeling also corroborated a convincing test-criterion validity for the SP-CSM-24, with dispositional expressions of benevolent humor (positively) and cynicism (negatively) outperforming other comic styles in accounting for individuals' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Torres-Marín
- Department of Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mariela Bustos-Ortega
- Department of Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonja Heintz
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Carretero-Dios
- Department of Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Moreira PAS, Inman RA, Cloninger CR. Three joint temperament-character configurations account for learning, personality and well-being: normative demographic findings in a representative national population. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1193441. [PMID: 37533723 PMCID: PMC10393030 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A common practice in research and clinical practice is to use data considered representative of a target population to compare and understand the personality characteristics of specific groups or specific individuals. To this end, numerous studies have presented normative data for the temperament and character traits outlined in Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality. However, recent genomic evidence demonstrates that human personality is organized as a complex hierarchy that ascends beyond the individual traits to multi-trait profiles that regulate emotional reactivity (temperament profiles) or goals and values (character profiles), and then to three phenotypic networks, which integrate temperament profiles and character profiles, that regulate learning. Given this recent understanding, our aim was to provide a novel and more comprehensive description of personality features at a societal level (using a stratified sample representative of the Portuguese population) by considering personality at its higher levels of complexity. Methods Toward this goal, a stratified sample of 2,443 Portuguese adults responded to the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R). Results We summarize the prevalence of (a) temperament profiles, (b) character profiles, and (c) integrated temperament-character networks within the whole sample, as well as for men vs. women and different age groups separately. Independent of age and education, women were more likely to be capable of resourceful productivity and helpful cooperation combined with being more intuitive, meditative and creative than men. Independent of age and gender, individuals with a degree were also more likely to present these biopsychosocial features. We also found that the organized character profile was most typical of adults in their 40s. Finally, the distribution of personality profiles across age differed as a function of gender: for men the oldest individuals had the most coherent personalities while high personality integration was most prevalent for women in their 30s. Discussion These results have strong implications for research and intervention. In particular, these results are relevant for understanding the epidemiology of interactions between personality, mental health and well-being, including their expressions in a national population as a function of demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. S. Moreira
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD), Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
| | - Richard A. Inman
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD), Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
| | - C. Robert Cloninger
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD), Lisbon, Portugal
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Čekrlija Đ, Schermer JA, Mrđa P. Beyond humor styles: the nature of humor types and differences in basic personality traits from Zuckerman's Alternative Five-Factor Model. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 12:1-10. [PMID: 38756195 PMCID: PMC11094457 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/159941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings show that the complex nature of humor and its personality basis can be more comprehensively understood if humor styles are analyzed simultaneously within humor types, rather than separately. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE Utilizing two independent samples (N1 = 253, N2 = 353) of self-report responses to the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire-Short Form, this paper outlines how the HSQ responses result in three humor use types following cluster analysis. Cluster differences in humor styles and personality traits were analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS In both samples, a humor type characteristic of individuals who scored lower in the positive and higher in the negative humor styles was revealed. People within this humor type also scored significantly higher in the personality measures of neuroticism and aggressiveness. A second humor type replicated in the two studies described individuals scoring higher for each of the four humor styles. People within this type also scored significantly higher on extraversion and sensation seeking, suggesting a need for cortical arousal. The third humor type members scored lower in each of the humor styles (apart from the affiliative humor style scores for one of the samples). This humor type requires further investigation. CONCLUSIONS In general, humor types provide an additional understanding of humor use as people within the types differ for specific personality dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đorđe Čekrlija
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Julie A. Schermer
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petar Mrđa
- Klika, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Moreira PAS, Inman RA, Cloninger CR. Disentangling the personality pathways to well-being. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3353. [PMID: 36849800 PMCID: PMC9969391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genomic, psychological, and developmental research shows that human personality is organized as a complex hierarchy that ascends from individual traits in many specific situations to multi-trait profiles in two domains that regulate emotional reactivity (temperament) or goals and values (character), and finally to three integrated temperament-character networks that regulate learning to maintain well-being in changing conditions. We carried out person-centered analyses of the components of subjective well-being (positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) to personality in both adolescents (N = 1739) and adults (N = 897). Personality was considered at each level of its organization (trait, temperament or character profiles, and joint temperament-character networks). We show for the first time that negative affect and life satisfaction are dependent on the personality network for intentional self-control, whereas positive affect is dependent on the personality network for self-awareness that underlies the human capacities for healthy longevity, creativity, and prosocial values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A S Moreira
- Instituto de Psicologia E de Ciências da Educação (IPCE), Universidade Lusíada Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Em Psicologia Para O Desenvolvimento (CIPD), Lisbon, Portugal.
- Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Richard A Inman
- Instituto de Psicologia E de Ciências da Educação (IPCE), Universidade Lusíada Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Em Psicologia Para O Desenvolvimento (CIPD), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Robert Cloninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Anthropedia Foundation, St. Louis, USA
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Di Fabio A, Gori A, Svicher A. Relationships between Humor Styles and the Big Five Personality Traits in Workers: A Network Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1008. [PMID: 36673764 PMCID: PMC9859219 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relationship between the four humor styles (Affiliative, Self-enhancing, Aggressive, and Self-defeating) assessed via the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) and the ten facets of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ) through network analysis. Four hundred and sixty-two Italian workers (61.3% women; Mage = 48.59; SD = 10.75) participated in the study and filled out the HSQ and the BFQ. Both centrality indexes (Expected Influence [EI]) and bridge nodes were calculated. In addition, the stability and accuracy of the network were checked. The network analysis revealed that HSQ Self-enhancing (EI = 0.63) showed the highest centrality among the HSQ styles, whereas BFQ Emotion Control (EI = 1.10) showed the highest centrality among BFQ facets; it also revealed that they were positively linked. Furthermore, HSQ Self-defeating emerged as the second-most-central humor style, negatively associated with BFQ Emotion Control. Concerning Bridge dimensions, four nodes were identified: HSQ Aggressive Humor, BFQ Emotion Control, BFQ Dynamism, and BFQ Dominance, with positive links between humor and personality except for Aggressive humor and Emotion Control, which showed negative links. On the basis of these results, the high centrality of HSQ Self-enhancing indicates the possibility of using this node as a starting point to foster positive and adaptive humor styles. The centrality of HSQ Self-defeating suggests that strength-based interventions could be focused to increase adaptive humor styles and to decrease them in order to enhance health-promoting humor styles. Furthermore, the bridge node of the HSQ Aggressive humor style with specific personality facets shows its possible use in intervention to both resize and to adaptively improve relationships between humor and personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Di Fabio
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, via di San Salvi, 12, Complesso di San Salvi, Padiglione 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences (Psychology Section), University of Florence, via di San Salvi, 12, Complesso di San Salvi, Padiglione 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Svicher
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, via di San Salvi, 12, Complesso di San Salvi, Padiglione 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
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Lu'mu, Cahyadi A, Ramli M, Ruslan, Hendryadi. Perceived related humor in the classroom, student-teacher relationship quality, and engagement: Individual differences in sense of humor among students. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13035. [PMID: 36699271 PMCID: PMC9868540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effect of humor on teacher-student relationship quality (TSRQ) and student engagement by uncovering the mediating role of TSRQ and the moderating role of individual differences (personal sense of humor). Data were collected using a cross-sectional time-lag approach with 2 phases; 367 students participated. The hypotheses were tested with a moderated mediation model. Perceived humor was positively related to TSRQ and student engagement. The results also confirmed the mediating role of TSRQ; a sense of humor positively moderated the relationship between perceived related humor and TSRQ, as well as perceived related humor and student engagement. The present study uncovers the relationship between humor and relationship quality in learning settings. Moreover, our study provides the first empirical data on the mediating effects of TSRQ on perceived related humor and student engagement. It also reveals the role of individual differences (sense of humor) in the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu'mu
- Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ani Cahyadi
- Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ramli
- Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Ruslan
- Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Hendryadi
- Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Cao Y, Liu Y, Hou Y, Ji LJ. The effects of benevolent vs. corrective humor on interpersonal liking and behavioral compliance. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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