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Jiahong C, Junfeng D, Shuxian L, Tao W, Liyun W, Hongfu W. The role of immune cell death in spermatogenesis and male fertility. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 165:104291. [PMID: 38986230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The male reproductive system provides a distinctive shield to the immune system, safeguarding germ cells (GCs) from autoimmune harm. The testis in mammals creates a unique immunological setting due to its exceptional immune privilege and potent local innate immunity. which can result from a number of different circumstances, including disorders of the pituitary gland, GC aplasia, and immunological elements. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death (PCD), is essential for mammalian spermatogenesis to maintain and ensure an appropriate number of GCs that correspond with the supporting capability of the Sertoli cells. Apoptosis is substantial in controlling the number of GCs in the testis throughout spermatogenesis, and any dysregulation of this process has been linked to male infertility. There is a number of evidence about the potential of PCD in designing novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of infertility. A detailed understanding of PCD and the processes that underlie immunological infertility can contribute to the progress in designing strategies to prevent and treat male infertility. This review will provide a summary of the role of immune cell death in male reproduction and infertility and describe the therapeutic strategies and agents for treatment based on immune cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiahong
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Department of Venereal Diseases and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and Bone Paralysis, Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan, China
| | - Dong Junfeng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Liu Shuxian
- Guangzhou Huadu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Huzhong Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Tao
- Department of Venereal Diseases and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and Bone Paralysis, Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan, China.
| | - Wang Liyun
- Guangzhou Huadu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Huzhong Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wu Hongfu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
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Fan J, Chang Y, Li L, Jiang N, Qu Z, Zhang J, Li M, Liang B, Qu D. The relationship between medical staff burnout and subjective wellbeing: the chain mediating role of psychological capital and perceived social support. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1408006. [PMID: 38975362 PMCID: PMC11224155 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1408006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Medical staff play a crucial role in delivering healthcare services, especially during epidemics of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is a growing issue of burnout and low wellbeing among this group. While it is widely recognized that burnout has a negative impact on subjective wellbeing, the exact relationship between the two is not yet completely understood. The purpose of this study is to explore the chain mediating role of psychological capital and perceived social support between burnout and subjective wellbeing among medical staff. Methods Using the convenient sampling method, 604 medical staff were selected for a cross-sectional study. All participants completed a self-report questionnaire that collected demographic information, as well as data from the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, General Wellbeing Schedule, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Perceived Social Support Scale. SPSS 27.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro were used for data analysis. Results There was a significant correlation between burnout, psychological capital, perceived social support, and subjective wellbeing (p < 0.01). Burnout not only has a direct negative impact on the subjective wellbeing of medical staff (effect: -0.2045; Bootstrap 95%CI: -0.2506, -0.1583), but also exerts an indirect influence on subjective wellbeing through three pathways: the independent mediating effect of psychological capital (effect: -0.0481; Bootstrap 95%CI: -0.0876, -0.0109), the independent mediating effect of perceived social support (effect: -0.0092; Bootstrap 95%CI: -0.0203, -0.0003), and the chained mediating effect of psychological capital and perceived social support (effect: -0.0092; Bootstrap 95%CI: -0.0183, -0.0019). Conclusion High burnout in medical staff can impair the level of psychological capital, leading to diminished perceived social support and ultimately reduced subjective wellbeing. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the potential pathways between burnout and subjective wellbeing and provide preliminary data support for developing strategies to improve the mental health of medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fan
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yuyang Chang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Li Li
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhifei Qu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Liang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Danhua Qu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Khan K, e-Habiba U, Aziz S, Sabeen Z, Zeeshan A, Naz Z, Waseem M. Remote work arrangement: a blessing in disguise for socially anxious individuals. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1152499. [PMID: 38826187 PMCID: PMC11140483 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1152499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This research examines the link between social anxiety disorder (SAD), psychological distance (PD), and burnout using survey data from 463 software development workers who are currently working remotely. According to the results of the study, SAD was associated with higher PD, but, in contrast to what had been shown in earlier studies, this higher PD had no effect on the participants' reported levels of burnout. Both psychological safety and workplace attachment orientation (WAO) were tested for their moderating effects in this study. According to the study's findings, the link between SAD and PD was moderated by WAO but not by psychological safety. The findings of this study underscore the importance of conducting additional research on the challenges faced by people with social anxiety in the workplace and the steps that can be taken by employers to better accommodate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Khan
- Department of Business Administration, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umm e-Habiba
- Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahab Aziz
- Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center (IRC) for Finance and Digital Economy, KFUPM Business School, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zara Sabeen
- Department of Islamic Art and Architecture, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Zeeshan
- Department of Management Studies, Bahria Business School, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zareen Naz
- Department of Management Studies, Bahria Business School, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Business Administration, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Khosravi M, De Berardis D, Sarabandi S, Mazloom S, Adibi A, Javan N, Ghiasi Z, Nafeli M, Rahmanian N. An Update Review to Cast Light on the Possible Role of Altered Oropharyngeal Microbiota in Differentiating True Psychosis from Malingered Psychosis in a Forensic Psychiatric Setting. Ment Illn 2024; 2024:1-9. [DOI: 10.1155/2024/5595195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, malingered psychosis has had a progressive occurrence since a great deal of attention has been directed to the closures of long-stay psychiatric institutions and care in the community. Therefore, malingered psychosis needs to be identified to conduct precise forensic assessments and prevent miscarriages of justice and misuse of restricted healthcare resources. Although, over the past decades, researchers have introduced a number of workable psychometric strategies and tools for diagnosing true psychosis, it is still sometimes challenging to differentiate between true and malingered psychosis. Hence, identifying reliable and innovative diagnostic alternatives seems crucial. Accordingly, a summary of gathered evidence is provided by the present review for enhancing future evaluation of oropharyngeal microbiome composition as a practical indicator for diagnosing true psychosis in a forensic psychiatric setting. As per the systematic search terms (namely, “diagnostic marker,” “oropharyngeal microbiome,” “forensic psychiatric setting,” “psychosis,” and “oropharyngeal microbiota”), relevant English publications were searched from January 1, 1980, to September 15, 2023, in Scopus, the Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Finally, eight articles were included in the present review. Also, we adopted the narrative technique so that the material synthesis leads to a cohesive and compelling story. The results revealed that the periodontal disease and saliva microbiome were possibly associated with true psychosis. Thus, since oropharyngeal microbial compositions are highly different among healthy controls and patients with true psychosis, future research can take advantage of saliva to differentiate between fake and true fake psychosis throughout the initial stages of forensic psychiatric assessment. As a substrate of interest, saliva could also be used for characterizing the various stages of psychosis under a forensic psychiatric setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Sahel Sarabandi
- Depertment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Mazloom
- Department of Nursing, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amir Adibi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Negin Javan
- Department of Psychology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH), Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghiasi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nafeli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Negar Rahmanian
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Khosravi M. Factors affecting medical students’ academic burnout: a moderation analysis. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2023; 17. [DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2023.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Burnout syndrome may threaten medical students’ professional life through negative effects on their academic work and personal life. Therefore, it is very important to identify the risk and protective factors of burnout syndrome in this group of subjects. The present study aimed to determine the association of socio-demographic characteristics, current substance/medication abuse, and personality dimensions with academic burnout among medical students, and examine physical activity as a potential moderator of the personality dimensions-academic burnout relationship. Materials and Methods. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 400 medical students from the four courses of basic sciences, physiopathology, stagers, and internship (100 people at each course) in Zahedan, Iran, in 2018, were selected by stratified sampling method and evaluated using the socio-demographic information form, Baecke physical activity questionnaire, Temperament and character inventory, and Breso’s academic burnout questionnaire. Finally, descriptive statistical methods, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and hierarchical linear regression were implemented for data analysis. Results. The participants included 156 men and 244 women. The overall frequencies for current substance/medication abuse, exhaustion, cynicism, inefficacy, and academic burnout were reported to be 27.5, 10.3, 12.3, 6.5, and 25.8 percent, respectively. The study results showed that physical activity, persistence, and cooperativeness were negative, and the years in medical school, current substance/medication abuse, and novelty seeking were positively associated with academic burnout. Also, the regression analysis results revealed the moderating effect of physical activity in the novelty-seeking-academic burnout link. Conclusions. These findings are an important contribution to the current literature on academic burnout as they can provide a meaningful guide to integrating treatment protocols designed to reduce both frequency and severity of this syndrome among medical students. However, the etiology of academic burnout among this highly sensitive group should be further investigated in depth.
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Epifanio MS, La Grutta S, Piombo MA, Riolo M, Spicuzza V, Franco M, Mancini G, De Pascalis L, Trombini E, Andrei F. Hopelessness and burnout in Italian healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of trait emotional intelligence. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1146408. [PMID: 37213395 PMCID: PMC10196475 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1146408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers' work-related stress during the first wave of the pandemic in Italy. The main objective is to investigate the existence of a positive correlation between hopelessness and burnout, assuming that burnout may be a risk factor for the development of hopelessness, and to analyze the role that trait Emotional Intelligence (TEI) and changes in workload could have in this relationship. Furthermore, evaluate any significant differences in burnout and hopelessness levels in the function of some demographic variables, such as gender, professional profiles, and different working zones of Italy, to better understand how the diverse diffusion of pandemic had affected Italian healthcare workers. Methods An online survey was used to collect data between April and June, 2020, with 562 responses among nurses (52.1%) and physicians (47.9%). Demographics and changes in workload and work conditions were collected through an ad hoc questionnaire. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ) were used to assess Trait Emotional Intelligence (TEI), hopelessness, and burnout, respectively. Results Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between hopelessness and each burnout dimension. TEI showed negative correlations both with burnout dimensions and hopelessness. Significant differences in burnout and hopelessness levels emerged as a function of some demographic variables such as gender, professional profiles (nurses or physicians), and different working zone of Italy (northern or southern). Results showed that TEI partially mediated the relationship between hopelessness and every burnout dimension, while the interaction of changes in workload was non-significant. Discussion The mediating role of TEI in the burnout-hopelessness relationship partly explains the protective role that individual factors had on healthcare workers' mental health. Our findings support the need to integrate considerations on both psychological risk and protective factors into COVID-19 care, including the monitoring of psychological symptoms and social needs, especially among healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stella Epifanio
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabina La Grutta
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Piombo
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari,” Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Riolo
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittoria Spicuzza
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Franco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mancini
- Department of Education Studies “Giovanni Maria Bertin,” Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo De Pascalis
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari,” Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Psychological Sciences, Institute of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Trombini
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari,” Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Andrei
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari,” Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Varrasi S, Guerrera CS, Platania GA, Castellano S, Pirrone C, Caponnetto P, Nicolosi C, Insanguine F, Greco E, Perrone M, Pulvirenti C, Randazzo D, Ferro G, Consoli M, Di Nuovo S. Professional quality of life and psychopathological symptoms among first-line healthcare workers facing COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory study in an Italian southern hospital. Health Psychol Res 2023; 11:67961. [PMID: 36777810 PMCID: PMC9907327 DOI: 10.52965/001c.67961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the mental health of healthcare workers, who have taken on the major problems triggered by the emergency. The mental consequences concern high levels of insomnia, anxiety, depression and burnout, which inevitably affect their professional quality of life too. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between psychopathological symptoms (tested with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS-21) and professional quality of life (measured with the Professional Quality of Life Scale, ProQol) in a hospital of southern Italy. Methods 204 healthcare workers were recruited by non-probabilistic sampling and divided by age, gender, work roles (physicians, nurses and intermediate care technicians) and clinical departments (Cardio-medicine, Infectious Diseases, Emergency Medicine, First Aid, Obstetrics and Pneumology). Results The results showed higher levels of Secondary Traumatic Stress, Depression, Anxiety and Stress in women than in men. Physicians and nurses experienced lower levels of Compassion Satisfaction but higher Burnout than intermediate care technicians; likewise, nurses were more anxious than physicians. The Emergency Medicine had higher scores in Compassion Satisfaction than Infectious Disease, Pneumology, Obstetrics and Cardio-Medicine. Conclusion In light of what has been said so far, it appears essential to intervene on the first mild signs of Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress, because they precede the onset of Depression, Stress and Anxiety in healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Varrasi
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Costanza Nicolosi
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" - P.O. "San Marco"
| | - Francesca Insanguine
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" - P.O. "San Marco"
| | - Emanuela Greco
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" - P.O. "San Marco"
| | - Mariacatena Perrone
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" - P.O. "San Marco"
| | - Carmen Pulvirenti
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" - P.O. "San Marco"
| | - Diletta Randazzo
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" - P.O. "San Marco"
| | - Gabriele Ferro
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" - P.O. "San Marco"
| | - Maurizio Consoli
- Psychology Service, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" - P.O. "San Marco"
| | - Santo Di Nuovo
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania
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Konlan KD, Asampong E, Dako-Gyeke P, Glozah FN. Burnout and allostatic load among health workers engaged in human resourced-constrained hospitals in Accra, Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1163. [PMID: 36104695 PMCID: PMC9473471 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burnout syndrome is a psycho-social disorder which develops in an individual exposed to chronic stress on the job. Health workers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are at increased risk of burnout due to job-related challenges. Burnout does not only affect the job performance of employees, but could result in dysregulation of multiple physiological systems (allostatic load) in victims and predispose them to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study examined the association between burnout and allostatic load among health workers engaged in human resourced-constrained hospitals in Accra, Ghana. Method This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 1264 health workers (clinicians and non-clinicians) from three public hospitals in Accra, Ghana who were recruited using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The participants completed a questionnaire which collected general and burnout information. In addition, each participant’s anthropometric; biochemical and hemodynamic indices were measured. The allostatic load in the participants was determined using eleven (11) biomarkers from the neuro-endocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic and anthropometric measures. The relationship between burnout and allostatic overload (high allostatic load) was determined at the bivariate and multivariable levels. The data analysis was done with the aid of Stata 15.0 at a 95% confidence level. Results The prevalence of burnout was 20.57%, higher in non-clinicians than clinicians (26.74% vs 15.64, p < 0.001). Also, non-clinical participants had higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization than the clinical participants. Over a quarter (26.27%) of the participants had allostatic overload manifesting as high allostatic load. Furthermore, for a one unit increase in overall burnout, the odds of experiencing allostatic overload was increased by 17.59 times (AOR = 17.59, 95% CI: 11.7-26.4) as compared to those without burnout and similar findings were found for the individual components of burnout syndrome with high allostatic load. Conclusion Burnout among health workers is associated with multi-system physiological dysregulation manifesting as high allostatic load; a major risk factor for NCDs. It is recommended that measures aimed at reducing burnout and allostatic overload such as structured psychological counseling and healthy lifestyle patterns are recommended for health workers engaged in stressful work settings to reduce their risk of NCDs.
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Ashour LM. Levels and Predictors of COVID-19-Related Anxiety in Older Adults. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prolonged quarantine during the COVID-19 outbreak is a stressful factor.
AIM: This study aims to analyze the psycho-emotional state of Jordan’s older population during the Covid-19 pandemic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study on 620 older adults (mean age, 66.4±5.3 years) was conducted in 2020 in Amman (Jordan). All respondents were asked to complete an online survey on coping strategies, a HUDS questionnaire, and a specially designed questionnaire.
RESULTS: The dominant predictors of stress were uncertainty (62%) and a fear other family members getting ill (60%). Of all the respondents, 15% agreed with the necessity to prolong the quarantine period, 47% had a neutral attitude, and 38% exhibited a negative attitude. High levels of anxiety in older population were associated with the lower use of humor (H=11.498, p≤0.002). On the other hand, such respondents demonstrated the higher use of planning (H=6.227, p≤0.039), venting (H=11.087, p≤0.004), avoidance (H=7.457, p≤0.019), and active coping (H=6.043, p≤0.037).
CONCLUSIONS: Most of Covid-19 cases are registered in healthcare institutions and for that reason, there is a need to provide psychiatric care to medical workers who do not have the necessary experience in this area. This may also require the state to promote psychiatric care training.
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