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Deguchi R, Kohjimoto Y, Maruyama Y, Iwahashi Y, Muraoka S, Wakamiya T, Yamashita S, Hara I. Efficacy of Bisphosphonate for Urolithiasis Complicated by Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Intern Med 2024; 63:439-442. [PMID: 37344433 PMCID: PMC10901717 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1871-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A 44-year-old man with osteogenesis imperfecta presented with left renal colic. Non-contrast computed tomography revealed a stone (10×9 mm) in the left upper ureter. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy was performed twice and stone-free status was achieved. An analysis of the stone revealed a mixed composition including calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Postoperatively, we administered bisphosphonates to prevent recurrence of urolithiasis, as 24-hour urine collection revealed marked hypercalciuria. Eighteen months after surgery, the urinary calcium levels had normalized, and there was no recurrence of urolithiasis. Osteogenesis imperfecta can be complicated by urolithiasis, but bisphosphonates may be useful in preventing recurrence of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yohei Maruyama
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | - Yuya Iwahashi
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Isao Hara
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
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2
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Zhong W, Pathak JL, Liang Y, Zhytnik L, Pals G, Eekhoff EMW, Bravenboer N, Micha D. The intricate mechanism of PLS3 in bone homeostasis and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1168306. [PMID: 37484945 PMCID: PMC10361617 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1168306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Since our discovery in 2013 that genetic defects in PLS3 lead to bone fragility, the mechanistic details of this process have remained obscure. It has been established that PLS3 variants cause syndromic and nonsyndromic osteoporosis as well as osteoarthritis. PLS3 codes for an actin-bundling protein with a broad pattern of expression. As such, it is puzzling how PLS3 specifically leads to bone-related disease presentation. Our review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the function of PLS3 in the predominant cell types in the bone tissue, the osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This is related to the role of PLS3 in regulating mechanotransduction, calcium regulation, vesicle trafficking, cell differentiation and mineralization as part of the complex bone pathology presented by PLS3 defects. Considering the consequences of PLS3 defects on multiple aspects of bone tissue metabolism, our review motivates the study of its mechanism in bone diseases which can potentially help in the design of suitable therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhong
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function And Regeneration, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Janak L. Pathak
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueting Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidiia Zhytnik
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function And Regeneration, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function And Regeneration, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff
- Department Internal Medicine Section Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Rare Bone Disease Center, AMS, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function And Regeneration, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function And Regeneration, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Mc Donald D, Mc Donnell T, Martin-Grace J, Mc Manus G, Crowley RK. Systematic review of health related-quality of life in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:36. [PMID: 36814291 PMCID: PMC9945612 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare, connective tissue disorder characterised by bone fragility, resulting in recurrent fractures and skeletal deformities. Extra-skeletal manifestations include dentinogenesis imperfecta, hearing abnormalities and lung disease. These co-morbidities combined with recurrent fractures can exert a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). It is important to assess HR-QOL throughout adulthood because the prevalence of some OI-specific complications increases with age. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched on 2nd February 2022 to identify studies reporting quantitative assessments of HR-QOL in adults with OI. The primary endpoint was to determine the impact of an OI diagnosis on adult's HR-QOL. Secondary endpoints were to (i) examine how frequently various HR-QOL assessment tools were used (ii) identify differences in HR-QOL between OI types and (iii) investigate the determinants of HR-QOL in adults with OI. Search results were exported to Endnote where two reviewers independently conducted title/abstract and full-text reviews. Data from accepted studies were extracted into Microsoft Excel. A narrative synthesis was then undertaken. RESULTS The review identified 17 studies with a total of 1,648 adults. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) was the most frequently reported HR-QOL assessment tool and was used in nine studies. Physical HR-QOL was reduced in adults with OI. Physical component scores (PCS) or individual physical domains of the SF-36 were lower in eight of nine studies. Mental component scores (MCS) were preserved in all six studies, however individual mental health domains of the SF-36 were reduced in some studies. The prevalence of anxiety/depression was relatively low in adults with OI. Those with type III OI had lower physical and respiratory HR-QOL but preserved mental HR-QOL compared with type I. The prevalence of fatigue and pain was higher in adults with OI compared with reference populations. Age and cardio-pulmonary co-morbidities were associated with lower HR-QOL. CONCLUSION OI in adulthood has a wide-ranging negative impact on HR-QOL. Physical and respiratory HR-QOL were lower, while the prevalence of pain and fatigue were higher than in reference populations. Mental HR-QOL was relatively preserved, although some deficits were identified. Age and cardio-pulmonary co-morbidities were associated with lower HR-QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darran Mc Donald
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Tara Mc Donnell
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Martin-Grace
- Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerry Mc Manus
- Department of Informatics, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel K Crowley
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Rare Disease Clinical Trial Network, Dublin, Ireland
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Lai X, Jiang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wang S. Prevalence of depression and anxiety, and their relationship to social support among patients and family caregivers of rare bone diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:18. [PMID: 36703212 PMCID: PMC9878818 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare bone diseases (RBDs) are a set of inherited rare diseases that can cause disability and have a devastating impact on families affected, which may lead to a particular high prevalence of psychological disorders in patients and caregivers. Social support plays a role in the well-being of families with rare disease patients, but its effect on psychology of RBD families remains unclear. The purpose of the current cross-sectional quantitative study was to investigate the frequency of depression and anxiety, and their relationship with social support among RBD patients and family caregivers. RESULTS A total of 196 participants responded to the questionnaire, including 72 patients and 124 caregivers. Depression was detected among 33.8% of patients and 57% of caregivers, and anxiety disorder was presented in 28.6% of patients and 50% of caregivers. Higher depression scores and anxiety scores were found in both patients and caregivers with an education level of ≤ middle school and monthly income of ≤ ¥2000 (all P < 0.05). The mean (SD) scores of Social Support Rating Scales in patients and caregivers were 37.06 (8.05) and 38.31 (5.76), respectively. After adjusting for gender, age, monthly income, education, employment and marital status, the reverse associations between depression scores, anxiety scores and social support were found merely in caregivers (depression & social support: β = - 0. 46, P < 0.001, anxiety & social support: β = - 0. 44, P < 0.001), specifically for subjective support (depression & subjective support: β = - 0.94, P < 0.001, anxiety & subjective support: β = - 0.87, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study identified a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among RBD patients and caregivers, and pointed out the significance of social support in alleviating psychological distress. In order to provide RBD families with comprehensive assistance, the government should actively develop programs aimed at psychological aid, policy advocacy and tangible support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Lai
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yuling Jiang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yue Sun
- Lingyi Foundation for Rare Bone Diseases, 1A801, Gaofa West Bund Garden, 5th Avenue, Anbao District, Shenzhen, 518133 China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Lingyi Foundation for Rare Bone Diseases, 1A801, Gaofa West Bund Garden, 5th Avenue, Anbao District, Shenzhen, 518133 China
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Yang H, Shao GX, Du ZW, Li ZW. Treatment for subtrochanteric fracture and subsequent nonunion in an adult patient with osteopetrosis: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:11007-11015. [PMID: 35047611 PMCID: PMC8678881 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i35.11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a congenital metabolic bone disease caused by defective osteoclastic resorption of immature bone, osteopetrosis is characterized by diffused sclerosis of bones, brittle bones, easy fracturing, narrow medullary canals, and a weak fracture healing ability. At present, clear standards and principles for the treatment of fractures in patients with osteopetrosis are lacking. Non-operative treatment can prevent fracture hematoma and preserve the blood supply to the bone fragments, while being associated with frequent failures and higher mortality rates. Meanwhile, closed reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary nail (CRIF + IMN) approaches can also protect blood supply to the fracture site. However, IMN cannot be used for the vast majority of patients with osteopetrosis due to the narrowing of medullary canals. Thus, open reduction and internal fixation with plate remains the most appropriate surgical method for treating fractures in patients with osteopetrosis, but this approach is complicated by the lack of intramedullary hematopoiesis in such patients. Fracture healing primarily depends on the blood supply to the external periosteum. Open reduction can also easily destroy the periosteum and cause delayed fracture healing or even nonunion; however, CRIF may be the most practical approach. As a result, it would be prudent to solve the difficulty of drilling during the operation and the problem of postoperative nonunion.
CASE SUMMARY In 2018, we treated an adult patient with osteopetrosis presenting with a subtrochanteric fracture. The fracture was fixed using a femoral locking compression plate. Because of delayed consolidation, at 12 mo postoperatively the patient was further treated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT). Antero-posterior and lateral radiographs obtained at the latest follow-up (10 mo) showed that the callus had grown at the original fracture site, and the medial fracture line almost disappeared.
CONCLUSION Osteosynthesis remains the first choice of treatment approach for fractures in patients with osteopetrosis, especially peritrochanteric fractures. Preoperative preparation is necessary to avoid risks such as drill bit breakage and iatrogenic fracture during the operation. Moreover, fractures in a patient with osteopetrosis present with a high risk of delayed union and nonunion, which can be potentially cured with PRP + rESWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guo-Xi Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Wu Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Li
- Departments of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
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Carroll RS, Donenfeld P, McGreal C, Franzone JM, Kruse RW, Preedy C, Costa J, Dirnberger DR, Bober MB. Comprehensive pain management strategy for infants with moderate to severe osteogenesis imperfecta in the perinatal period. PAEDIATRIC AND NEONATAL PAIN 2021; 3:156-162. [PMID: 35548555 PMCID: PMC8975205 DOI: 10.1002/pne2.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic heterogeneous disorder that causes increased bone fragility and recurrent fractures. For infants with OI and diffuse fractures, pain management, which is nuanced and specific for this population, is of the utmost importance to their neonatal care. Through experience at our center, we have developed a standard approach that has been successful in optimizing survival for these infants during this tenuous period. In this paper, we outline our multidisciplinary approach to pain management for infants with moderate to severe OI during the neonatal period, with emphasis on promotion of fracture healing and adequate pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki S. Carroll
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Division of Palliative Medicine Department of Pediatrics Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware Wilmington Delaware USA
- Division of Orthogenetics Department of Pediatrics Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware Wilmington Delaware USA
| | - Perri Donenfeld
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Division of Palliative Medicine Department of Pediatrics Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware Wilmington Delaware USA
| | - Cristina McGreal
- Division of Orthogenetics Department of Pediatrics Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware Wilmington Delaware USA
| | - Jeanne M. Franzone
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Neonatal‐Perinatal Medicine Department of Pediatrics Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware Wilmington Delaware USA
| | - Richard W. Kruse
- Neonatal‐Perinatal Medicine Department of Pediatrics Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware Wilmington Delaware USA
| | - Catherine Preedy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware Wilmington Delaware USA
| | - Joanna Costa
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware Wilmington Delaware USA
| | - Daniel R. Dirnberger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware Wilmington Delaware USA
| | - Michael B. Bober
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Division of Orthogenetics Department of Pediatrics Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware Wilmington Delaware USA
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7
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Claeys L, Storoni S, Eekhoff M, Elting M, Wisse L, Pals G, Bravenboer N, Maugeri A, Micha D. Collagen transport and related pathways in Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1121-1141. [PMID: 34169326 PMCID: PMC8263409 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) comprises a heterogeneous group of patients who share bone fragility and deformities as the main characteristics, albeit with different degrees of severity. Phenotypic variation also exists in other connective tissue aspects of the disease, complicating disease classification and disease course prediction. Although collagen type I defects are long established as the primary cause of the bone pathology, we are still far from comprehending the complete mechanism. In the last years, the advent of next generation sequencing has triggered the discovery of many new genetic causes for OI, helping to draw its molecular landscape. It has become clear that, in addition to collagen type I genes, OI can be caused by multiple proteins connected to different parts of collagen biosynthesis. The production of collagen entails a complex process, starting from the production of the collagen Iα1 and collagen Iα2 chains in the endoplasmic reticulum, during and after which procollagen is subjected to a plethora of posttranslational modifications by chaperones. After reaching the Golgi organelle, procollagen is destined to the extracellular matrix where it forms collagen fibrils. Recently discovered mutations in components of the retrograde transport of chaperones highlight its emerging role as critical contributor of OI development. This review offers an overview of collagen regulation in the context of recent gene discoveries, emphasizing the significance of transport disruptions in the OI mechanism. We aim to motivate exploration of skeletal fragility in OI from the perspective of these pathways to identify regulatory points which can hint to therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauria Claeys
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Storoni
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marelise Eekhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet Elting
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Wisse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam /UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Maugeri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Xu Y, Yu X, Huang M. A novel mutation in TNFRSF11A gene causes pediatric osteopetrosis: case report. BMC Surg 2021; 21:269. [PMID: 34049530 PMCID: PMC8162000 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopetrosis is a rare inherited bone disorder affected individual by osteoclast disfunction and increasing bone density. Surgery was taken for histological examination of the specimen and evidence of malignancy was not found. Finally, X-ray and gene detection lead to the diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION We report a 10-year-old girl with two years history of pus rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction and smelly nose. She was diagnosed and treated as sinusitis. But the symptoms were recurrent. Ten months ago, she was afflicted with persistent swelling and broken skin on the right cheek. All the laboratory findings showed normal. During surgery, we resected the right gingiva, the right nasal mucosa and the right facial tissue for biopsies. Histological examination showed proliferation of granulation tissue in chronic inflammatory mucosa. X-rays showed generalized sclerosis. Genetic analysis strongly supported a novel mutation of TNFRSF11A gene which caused osteoporosis. We found a novel mutation of the c.1196C > G (p.S399X) in exon 9 of TNFRSF11A. The TNFRSF11A gene encodes RANK, which is fundamental for osteoclast formation. CONCLUSION Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic bone disease characterized by increased bone density because of bone resorption failure. Diagnosis is based on X-ray and gene analyze. Osteoclasts are bone-related cells derived from hematopoietic cell lines. Since osteoclasts arise from a hematopoietic progenitor cell of the monocytic lineage, the defect can be corrected by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Better understanding of this pathological situation and pathogenesis is so important to plan appropriate immunotherapy to benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Mengjie Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610091, China.
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Testini V, Eusebi L, Tupputi U, Carpagnano FA, Bartelli F, Guglielmi G. Metabolic Bone Diseases in the Pediatric Population. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2021; 25:94-104. [PMID: 34020471 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone plays an important role in regulating mineral balance in response to physiologic needs. In addition, bone is subject to a continuous remodeling process to maintain healthy bone mass and growth. Metabolic bone diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by abnormalities of bone mass, mineral structure homeostasis, bone turnover, or bone growth. In pediatrics, several significant advances have been made in recent years in the diagnosis of metabolic bone diseases (e.g., osteogenesis imperfecta, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, renal osteodystrophy, pediatric osteoporosis, and osteopetrosis). Imaging is fundamental in the diagnosis of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Testini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | - Laura Eusebi
- Radiology Unit, "Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Jesi, Italy
| | - Umberto Tupputi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Anna Carpagnano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Foggia, Italy.,Radiology Unit, Barletta University Campus UNIFG, "Dimiccoli" Hospital, Barletta, Italy
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10
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Weiss NM. Rare Diseases of the Middle Ear and Lateral Skull Base. Laryngorhinootologie 2021; 100:S1-S30. [PMID: 34352901 PMCID: PMC8354576 DOI: 10.1055/a-1347-4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Otalgia, otorrhea and hearing loss are the most common ear-related symptoms that lead to the consultation of an otolaryngologist. Furthermore, balance disorders and affections of the cranial nerve function may play a role in the consultation. In large academic centres, but also in primary care, the identification of rare diseases of the middle ear and the lateral skull base is essential, as these diseases often require interdisciplinary approaches to establish the correct diagnosis and to initiate safe and adequate treatments. This review provides an overview of rare bone, neoplastic, haematological, autoimmunological and infectious disorders as well as malformations that may manifest in the middle ear and the lateral skull base. Knowledge of rare disorders is an essential factor ensuring the quality of patient care, in particular surgical procedures. Notably, in untypical, complicated, and prolonged disease courses, rare differential diagnoses need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M. Weiss
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie
„Otto Körner“ der Universitätsmedizin Rostock,
Deutschland
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11
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Lewis JW, Edwards JR, Naylor AJ, McGettrick HM. Adiponectin signalling in bone homeostasis, with age and in disease. Bone Res 2021; 9:1. [PMID: 33414405 PMCID: PMC7790832 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is the most abundant circulating adipokine and is primarily involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Within the bone, osteoblasts and osteoclasts express the adiponectin receptors, however, there are conflicting reports on the effects of adiponectin on bone formation and turnover. Many studies have shown a pro-osteogenic role for adiponectin in in vivo murine models and in vitro: with increased osteoblast differentiation and activity, alongside lower levels of osteoclastogenesis. However, human studies often demonstrate an inverse relationship between adiponectin concentration and bone activity. Moreover, the presence of multiple isoforms of adiponectin and multiple receptor subtypes has the potential to lead to more complex signalling and functional consequences. As such, we still do not fully understand the importance of the adiponectin signalling pathway in regulating bone homeostasis and repair in health, with age and in disease. In this review, we explore our current understanding of adiponectin bioactivity in the bone; the significance of its different isoforms; and how adiponectin biology is altered in disease. Ultimately, furthering our understanding of adiponectin regulation of bone biology is key to developing pharmacological and non-pharmacological (lifestyle) interventions that target adiponectin signalling to boost bone growth and repair in healthy ageing, following injury or in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lewis
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James R Edwards
- Ageing & Regeneration Research Group, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Amy J Naylor
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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12
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Hua X, Liu Z, Wang X. Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture in a Patient with Osteopetrosis: Treated with Internal Fixation and Complicated by Intraoperative Femoral Neck Fracture. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:1551-1557. [PMID: 33364816 PMCID: PMC7751704 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s289265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteopetrosis (OP) is a rare, heritable skeletal disorder that is caused by osteoclast dysfunction, leading to failure of bone resorption and increased bone density. The fragility of such dense bone may result in an increased incidence of fractures. Furthermore, surgery in patients with OP is associated with increased technical difficulty and a higher risk of complications. Case Report We report a case of a 20-year-old woman with autosomal dominant OP who developed a subtrochanteric femoral fracture. The fracture was treated by open reduction and internal fixation using a dynamic hip screw. Although technical difficulties were experienced and an intraoperative femoral neck fracture occurred, the surgical outcome was satisfactory. Union of the fractures was visible on radiographs obtained 12 months postoperatively. At 2 years postoperatively, the patient was completely free of any complications resulting from her injury and treatment. Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation may be an effective option for fractures in patients with OP. Orthopedic surgeons should be aware that the increased density and stiffness of osteopetrotic bone increases the risks of intraoperative technical difficulties, iatrogenic fractures, and postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Hua
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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13
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Machol K, Hadley TD, Schmidt J, Cuthbertson D, Traboulsi H, Silva RC, Citron C, Khan S, Citron K, Carter E, Brookler K, Shapiro JR, Steiner RD, Byers PH, Glorieux FH, Durigova M, Smith P, Bober MB, Sutton VR, Lee BH, Nagamani SCS, Raggio C. Hearing loss in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta in North America: Results from a multicenter study. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:697-704. [PMID: 31876392 PMCID: PMC7385724 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is an extra-skeletal manifestation of the connective tissue disorder osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Systematic evaluation of the prevalence and characteristics of HL in COL1A1/COL1A2-related OI will contribute to a better clinical management of individuals with OI. We collected and analyzed pure-tone audiometry data from 312 individuals with OI who were enrolled in the Linked Clinical Research Centers and the Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium. The prevalence, type, and severity of HL in COL1A1/COL1A2-related OI are reported. We show that the prevalence of HL in OI is 28% and increased with age in Type I OI but not in Types III and IV. Individuals with OI Types III and IV are at a higher risk to develop HL in the first decade of life when compared to OI Type I. We also show that the prevalence of SNHL is higher in females with OI compared to males. This study reveals new insights regarding prevalence of HL in OI including a lower general prevalence of HL in COL1A1/COL1A2-related OI than previously reported (28.3 vs. 65%) and high prevalence of SNHL in females. Our data support the need in early routine hearing evaluation in all types of OI that can be adjusted to the severity of the skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Machol
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Trevor D Hadley
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jake Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Henri Traboulsi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Rodrigo C Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Chloe Citron
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Sobiah Khan
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Kate Citron
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Erin Carter
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Brookler
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Jay R Shapiro
- Department of Bone and Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine at Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert D Steiner
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Pediatrics and Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Peter H Byers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Francis H Glorieux
- Shriner's Hospital for Children and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michaela Durigova
- Shriner's Hospital for Children and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Smith
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael B Bober
- Division of Orthogenetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Vernon R Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Sandesh C S Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Cathleen Raggio
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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14
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Sabir AH, Cole T. The evolving therapeutic landscape of genetic skeletal disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:300. [PMID: 31888683 PMCID: PMC6937740 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare bone diseases account for 5% of all birth defects yet very few have personalised treatments. Developments in genetic diagnosis, molecular techniques and treatment technologies however, are leading to unparalleled therapeutic advance. This review explores the evolving therapeutic landscape of genetic skeletal disorders (GSDs); the key conditions and there key differentials. METHODS A retrospective literature based review was conducted in December 2018 using a systematic search strategy for relevant articles and trials in Pubmed and clinicaltrials.gov respectively. Over 140 articles and 80 trials were generated for review. RESULTS Over 20 personalised therapies are discussed in addition to several novel disease modifying treatments in over 25 GSDs. Treatments discussed are at different stages from preclinical studies to clinical trials and approved drugs, including; Burosumab for X-linked hypophosphatemia, Palovarotene for Hereditary Multiple Exostoses, Carbamazepine for Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia (Schmid type), Lithium carbonate and anti-sclerostin therapy for Osteoporosis Pseudoglioma syndrome and novel therapies for Osteopetrosis. We also discuss therapeutic advances in Achondroplasia, Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), Hypophosphotasia (HPP), Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva, and RNA silencing therapies in preclinical studies for OI and HPP. DISCUSSION It is an exciting time for GSD therapies despite the challenges of drug development in rare diseases. In discussing emerging therapies, we explore novel approaches to drug development from drug repurposing to in-utero stem cell transplants. We highlight the improved understanding of bone pathophysiology, genetic pathways and challenges of developing gene therapies for GSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ataf Hussain Sabir
- West Midlands Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS FT and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Trevor Cole
- West Midlands Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS FT and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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15
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Ranganathan S, Balagangadharan K, Selvamurugan N. Chitosan and gelatin-based electrospun fibers for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:354-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Kruger KM, Caudill A, Rodriguez Celin M, Nagamani SCS, Shapiro JR, Steiner RD, Bober MB, Hart T, Cuthbertson D, Krischer J, Byers PH, Durigova M, Glorieux FH, Rauch F, Sutton VR, Lee B, Rush ET, Smith PA, Harris GF. Mobility in osteogenesis imperfecta: a multicenter North American study. Genet Med 2019; 21:2311-2318. [PMID: 30918359 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic connective tissue disorder that causes bone fragility. Phenotypic severity influences ability to walk, however, little is known about ambulatory characteristics of individuals with OI, especially in more severe forms. The purpose of this work was to characterize mobility in OI using standard clinical assessment tools and determine if patient characteristics could be used to predict mobility outcomes. METHODS We collected mobility data at five clinical sites to analyze the largest cohort of individuals with OI (n = 491) to date. Linear mixed models were developed to explore relationships among subject demographics and mobility metrics. RESULTS Results showed minor limitations in the mild group while the more severe types showed more significant limitations in all mobility metrics analyzed. Height and weight were shown to be the most significant predictors of mobility. Relationships with mobility and bisphosphonates varied with OI type and type used (oral/IV). CONCLUSION These results are significant to understanding mobility limitations of specific types of OI and beneficial when developing rehabilitation protocols for this population. It is important for physicians, patients, and caregivers to gain insight into severity and classification of the disease and the influence of disease-related characteristics on prognosis for mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Kruger
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation and Engineering Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Motion Analysis Laboratory, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Angela Caudill
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sandesh C S Nagamani
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jay R Shapiro
- Department of Bone and Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Steiner
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Pediatrics and Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael B Bober
- Division of Medical Genetics, Alfred I du Pont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Tracy Hart
- Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Jeff Krischer
- College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter H Byers
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michaela Durigova
- Shriner's Hospital for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis H Glorieux
- Shriner's Hospital for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriner's Hospital for Children and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric T Rush
- Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Peter A Smith
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gerald F Harris
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation and Engineering Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Motion Analysis Laboratory, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Lamandé SR, Bateman JF. Genetic Disorders of the Extracellular Matrix. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1527-1542. [PMID: 30768852 PMCID: PMC7318566 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the genes for extracellular matrix (ECM) components cause a wide range of genetic connective tissues disorders throughout the body. The elucidation of mutations and their correlation with pathology has been instrumental in understanding the roles of many ECM components. The pathological consequences of ECM protein mutations depend on its tissue distribution, tissue function, and on the nature of the mutation. The prevalent paradigm for the molecular pathology has been that there are two global mechanisms. First, mutations that reduce the production of ECM proteins impair matrix integrity largely due to quantitative ECM defects. Second, mutations altering protein structure may reduce protein secretion but also introduce dominant negative effects in ECM formation, structure and/or stability. Recent studies show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused by mutant misfolded ECM proteins, makes a significant contribution to the pathophysiology. This suggests that targeting ER‐stress may offer a new therapeutic strategy in a range of ECM disorders caused by protein misfolding mutations. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen R Lamandé
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, Australia
| | - John F Bateman
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, Australia
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18
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Soberón JR, Arzillo S, Myers SL, King JJ. Osteopetrosis-Anesthetic Considerations for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. A A Pract 2019; 12:5-8. [PMID: 29994871 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant or benign osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder of osteoclasts that results in dense but brittle bone structures. Patients with osteopetrosis may be scheduled for total knee arthroplasty to treat painful and functionally limiting osteoarthrosis. A search of the published literature produced no citation concerning anesthesia for patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis undergoing total knee arthroplasty. We present a case report detailing our experience and discuss considerations for the care of future patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Soberón
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, North Florida/Southern Georgia Veterans Health System
| | | | - Scott L Myers
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, North Florida/Southern Georgia Veterans Health System and the University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joseph J King
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, North Florida/Southern Georgia Veterans Health System and the University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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19
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Atukorala ADS, Bhatia V, Ratnayake R. Craniofacial skeleton of MEXICAN tetra (Astyanax mexicanus): As a bone disease model. Dev Dyn 2018; 248:153-161. [PMID: 30450697 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A small fresh water fish, the Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) is a novel animal model in evolutionary developmental biology. The existence of morphologically distinct surface and cave morphs of this species allows simultaneous comparative analysis of phenotypic changes at different life stages. The cavefish harbors many favorable constructive traits (i.e., large jaws with an increased number of teeth, neuromast cells, enlarged olfactory pits and excess storage of adipose tissues) and regressive traits (i.e., reduced eye structures and pigmentation) which are essential for cave adaptation. A wide spectrum of natural craniofacial morphologies can be observed among the different cave populations. Recently, the Mexican tetra has been identified as a human disease model. The fully sequenced genome along with modern genome editing tools has allowed researchers to generate transgenic and targeted gene knockouts with phenotypes that resemble human pathological conditions. This review will discuss the anatomy of the craniofacial skeleton of A. mexicanus with a focus on morphologically variable facial bones, jaws that house continuously replacing teeth and pharyngeal skeleton. Furthermore, the possible applications of this model animal in identifying human congenital and metabolic skeletal disorders is addressed. Developmental Dynamics 248:153-161, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukorallaya Devi Sewvandini Atukorala
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vikram Bhatia
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ravindra Ratnayake
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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20
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Lyseng-Williamson KA. Burosumab in X-linked hypophosphatemia: a profile of its use in the USA. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2018; 34:497-506. [PMID: 30459508 PMCID: PMC6223702 DOI: 10.1007/s40267-018-0560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Burosumab (Crysvita®), a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed at fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), is indicated for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a condition associated with excessive FGF23 production. It directly addresses the excessive FGF23 activity in patients with XLH by binding to FGF23, and inhibiting its signaling. This leads to increased gastrointestinal phosphate absorption and renal phosphate reabsorption, thereby improving serum phosphate levels, and, ultimately, bone mineralization and the risk of bone disease. In clinical trials, subcutaneous burosumab increased serum phosphorus levels in pediatric and adult patients with XLH, as well as significantly improving the severity of rickets in children, and improving pain, stiffness, physical functioning, and fracture/pseudofracture healing in adults. Burosumab is well tolerated by children and adults with XLH, with most treatment-emergent adverse events being of mild to moderate severity.
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21
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Fractures in patients with osteopetrosis, insights from a single institution. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 43:1297-1302. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-4167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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