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Fernández Castillo G, Linhardt R, Salas E. How to Make an Internal Team Coach: An Integration of Research. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:452. [PMID: 38920784 PMCID: PMC11200866 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Team coaching has been found to increase group effort, improve interpersonal processes, and increase team knowledge and learning. However, the team coaching literature is renowned for its inability to define team coaching itself-making it difficult to solidify its place in the world of team science. So far, there is no consensus on what specific training would serve internal leaders best, and how they would connect to the team coaching literature. We know leadership and team training are effective in improving organizational outcomes, but the gap in the literature lies in identifying what specific competencies internal team coaches need, and what training could fulfill these. In this piece, we seek to (1) identify what competencies internal team leaders need based on the outcomes we know team coaching yields, (2) identify specific behaviors that can fulfill these competencies, and (3) integrate the literature to form an evidence-based guide on what training to provide to internal team coaches. By doing so, we hope to provide a definitive understanding of what internal team coaches need to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fernández Castillo
- Department of Psychological Sciences-MS 25, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Sewall Hall, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (R.L.); (E.S.)
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Landon LB, Miller JCW, Bell ST, Roma PG. When people start getting real: The Group Living Skills Survey for extreme work environments. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1348119. [PMID: 38689722 PMCID: PMC11060178 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1348119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Group living skills (GLS), that is, being tidy and considerate of others, are an important skillset for teams who live and work together. However, this construct does not have a validated measure to enable an understanding of how group living skills influence team dynamics over time. We developed and validated a short measure of group living skills for teams living in extreme work environments. Methods We collected data from 83 individuals in 24 teams living and working in space and spaceflight analog environments on missions of 45-240 days. Results We provide evidence of reliability and validity for the GLS Survey over time and identify a two-factor structure. We also demonstrate its use as a measure of team-level dynamics and its utility as a sociometric measure to identify a person's degree of group living skills. Discussion We outline recommendations for using this new measure in future research and applied settings to understand this unique aspect of teams living and working together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Blackwell Landon
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR, at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer C. W. Miller
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, JES Tech, at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Suzanne T. Bell
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter G. Roma
- Behavioral Health and Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR, at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Wei H, Zhang S, Qu W, Liu M, Yan Z, Luan X. The association between team cohesion and performance: A network analysis of nurses. Nurs Health Sci 2024; 26:e13089. [PMID: 38356046 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Team cohesion, as a necessary condition for the cooperation and development of a team, has been shown to have a strong association with team performance. However, the mechanism of this internal correlation is unclear and more in-depth studies are lacking. The study aimed to explore the complex links between the dimensions of team cohesion and performance in nurses. A total of 1639 practice nurses from 118 nursing teams were included in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the Team Cohesion Scale (including consistency of affection, behavior, and cognition) and the Team Effectiveness Scale (including cooperation satisfaction, and task performance). Using network analysis, the team cohesion and performance network was constructed, and the strength and bridge strength of nodes were calculated. The results showed that the edges between team cohesion and performance dimensions were all positively correlated. Cooperation satisfaction and consistency of affection are the core variables in the network. Interventions targeting cooperation satisfaction and consistency of affection need to be developed at the team level to maximize team cohesion and performance among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wei
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Simeng Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenran Qu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zeping Yan
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaorong Luan
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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De Dreu CKW, Gross J, Romano A. Group Formation and the Evolution of Human Social Organization. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2024; 19:320-334. [PMID: 37450408 PMCID: PMC10913362 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231179156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans operate in groups that are oftentimes nested in multilayered collectives such as work units within departments and companies, neighborhoods within cities, and regions within nation states. With psychological science mostly focusing on proximate reasons for individuals to join existing groups and how existing groups function, we still poorly understand why groups form ex nihilo, how groups evolve into complex multilayered social structures, and what explains fission-fusion dynamics. Here we address group formation and the evolution of social organization at both the proximate and ultimate level of analysis. Building on models of fitness interdependence and cooperation, we propose that socioecologies can create positive interdependencies among strangers and pave the way for the formation of stable coalitions and groups through reciprocity and reputation-based partner selection. Such groups are marked by in-group bounded, parochial cooperation together with an array of social institutions for managing the commons, allowing groups to scale in size and complexity while avoiding the breakdown of cooperation. Our analysis reveals how distinct group cultures can endogenously emerge from reciprocal cooperation, shows that social identification and group commitment are likely consequences rather than causes of group cooperation, and explains when intergroup relations gravitate toward peaceful coexistence, integration, or conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Gross
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich
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Castillo GF, Salas E. Can team coaching provide healthcare the remedy it needs? J Interprof Care 2024; 38:377-387. [PMID: 38019103 PMCID: PMC10922443 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2023.2285030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The healthcare industry is inadvertently a teamwork industry - and yet - little time is devoted to improving teamwork on the field. As a response to this issue, team development intervention (TDI) tools have flourished. Findings suggest the capability for TDIs to better team competencies, and potentially mitigate prominent healthcare problems. However, team coaching has been excluded as a potential TDI for healthcare. For this reason, we seek to 1) discuss existing team coaching models, integrating findings across the literature, 2) highlight the advantages of Hackman and Wageman (2005)'s model over others, 3) display its empirically-corroborated propositions, and finally, 4) provide general guidance on how to move forward. We move beyond extant literature by providing an outline on what outcomes team coaching can and cannot yield, accumulating evidence from fields outside of healthcare and incorporating team coaching into the TDI literature. By doing so, we hope empirical research on team coaching is incentivized, resulting in an efficient and accessible TDI for healthcare professionals and the field of interprofessional care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Salas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University
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Bae SH, Kim S, Myung H. Mediating effects of workgroup processes on the relationship between nurse turnover and nurse outcomes in hospitals. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1255983. [PMID: 38074708 PMCID: PMC10701376 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1255983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nurse turnover is often considered to be an outcome, and few studies have investigated its consequences in nursing care. The underlying mechanism of the nurse turnover-nurse outcome relationship has not been empirically investigated. Therefore, this study examines workgroup processes and nurse outcomes as the consequences of nurse turnover and the mediating effect of workgroup processes on the nurse turnover-nurse outcomes relationship. Methods A cross-sectional design was adopted to investigate the data collected from 264 staff nurses. Furthermore, six-month turnover rates, workgroup processes (nurse-nurse collaboration, team cohesion), and nurse outcomes (job satisfaction, intent to leave) were utilized in the multivariate regression models. Results Overall, 53 (24.4%) nurses had worked in nursing units with a zero six-month turnover rate. The average mean six-month turnover rate was 15.5%. Nurse turnover adversely affected nurses' job satisfaction and several subscales of team cohesion including task cohesion and social cohesion. Team cohesion partially mediated the relationship between nurse turnover and job satisfaction. Conclusion Nurse turnover decreased job satisfaction and team cohesion, and team cohesion partially mediated the nurse turnover-nurse outcomes relationship. These findings provide evidence supporting the significant adverse effects of nurse turnover and suggest the potential role of workgroup processes in explaining the underlying mechanism of the relationship between nurse turnover and nurse outcomes. Implications for nursing and health policy Healthcare organizations must create a positive work environment to reduce nurse turnover. Further, states and countries should try to develop and establish nursing and health policies to prevent turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Heui Bae
- College of Nursing, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sidorenkov AV, Borokhovski EF. Activity and Interconnections of Individual and Collective Actors: An Integrative Approach to Small Group Research. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2023:10.1007/s12124-023-09769-w. [PMID: 37041377 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-023-09769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we attempted to integrate and further develop theoretical ideas in the area of the small group research about all group activity levels (types of actors) - individual, informal subgroup, and group - and about connections among them. We have touched upon such issues as (a) modes of group activity represented by activities of each type of the actors; (b) structural and functional associations among the actors; (c) functions that each type of actors carries out with respect to another type of actors; (d) direct and indirect links among actors; (e) the influence of links between some actors on links among other actors; and (f) processes of integration and disintegration as the main mechanism for changing connections among actors. Special attention is paid to direct (immediate) personalized and depersonalized connections among actors, as well as to connections mediated by actors' connections with another actor or some object. Discussion of these issues leads to formulation of some specific propositions. Simultaneous research coverage of all three types of actors and various connections among them should allow for creating a more complete picture of small group activities and various psychological phenomena within it, including multifaceted and complex ones. It should also enable considering group structure and the essence of group dynamics differently. We conclude this article by presenting both theoretical and practical implications of the proposed integrative perspective and by posing some important questions in line with it for further discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Sidorenkov
- Southern Federal University, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Ul, 344006, Rostov-Na-Donu, Russia
| | - Eugene F Borokhovski
- Concordia University, H3G 1M8, Montreal, GA‑2.126, Boulevard de Maisonneuve West, Québec, QC, 1455, Canada.
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Chiu CK, Lin CP, Lung TY. Exploring emotional regulation and team politics in teams: team learning and educational practices. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT & BUSINESS EXCELLENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2022.2157712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Kang Chiu
- National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Peng Lin
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bedir D, Agduman F, Bedir F, Erhan SE. The mediator role of communication skill in the relationship between empathy, team cohesion, and competition performance in curlers. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1115402. [PMID: 36874810 PMCID: PMC9978815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the psycho-social factors such as communication, empathy, cohesion, etc., that affect successful athletic performance is a high priority and primary focus for applied sports psychology. Detailed examination of the athletes' psycho-social characteristics is essential in revealing which processes play an active role in achieving optimum performance. Developing these features of the athlete can contribute to coordinating the team, sharing tasks, increasing motivation, preparing team members for a change, and improving performance. For this purpose, the mediating role of communication skills in the relationship between empathy, team cohesion, and competition performance was examined in a sample of 241 curlers competing in 69 teams in the Turkish Curling League in the 2021-2022 season. During the data collection process, Personal Information Form, Empathic Tendency Scale, Scale for Effective Communication in Team Sport, and Group Environment Questionnaire were used. Competition performance was calculated by giving 1 point for each match won by the teams in the competitions in which the single-circuit round-robin system is applied. Structural equation modeling was used in data analysis to determine the direct and indirect predictive effects between variables. The study showed that empathy and team cohesion predict competition performance through communication skills, and communication skills fully mediate this relationship. Based on the research results, it was evaluated that communication skills have a substantial effect on the competitive performance of athletes, and this finding was discussed in the context of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bedir
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Agduman
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Bedir
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Suleyman Erim Erhan
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Türkiye
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Boisvert MM, Loughead TM, Munroe-Chandler KJ. The implementation and evaluation of an athlete leadership development program with male youth ice hockey players. Front Psychol 2022; 13:648039. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.648039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to implement and evaluate an athlete leadership development program in youth boys ice hockey. The sample consisted of 14 male U17 hockey players (M = 16.46, SD = 0.78) from one team playing in a competitive hockey league. The players participated in six leadership intervention workshops over the course of the season, and completed inventories measuring athlete leadership behaviours, cohesion, and collective efficacy pre-and post-intervention. In addition, a focus group was conducted to assess the impact of the athlete leadership development program at the end of the season. Bayesian t tests showed that the leadership program generally helped to maintain levels of athlete leadership behaviours, cohesion, and collective efficacy pre-and post-intervention. The results of the focus group following the intervention revealed the players believed the leadership development program helped buffer against the negative effects of their on-ice performances.
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Waseem M, Iqbal S, Khan K. Impact of project governance on project success, with mediating role of organizational support and project team cohesion. JOURNAL OF FACILITIES MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jfm-03-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine how project governance influences project success. According to the authors, such an effect is mediated by organizational support and project team cohesion. The direct and indirect effects of organizational support and project team cohesion provided helpful information. The authors’ objective is to contribute to the project management knowledge of how project team cohesion plays a significant role in project success.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 350 employees working in Pakistan’s oil and gas industry. Four prime oil and gas exploration companies were selected as samples based on their contribution to the revenue. SPSS v23 and AMOS v23 were used for constructing structural equation modeling and path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects.
Findings
The results revealed that project governance is positively related to project success. Furthermore, organizational support and project team cohesion mediated the relationship between project governance and project success.
Originality/value
Team cohesion has been primarily a topic of interest in sports psychology literature, education and medical sciences. There is an expressed need to investigate team cohesion issues in the broad domain of organizational development, specifically the project management literature. This study contributed by discussing team cohesion in the project context. Second, project governance was investigated using the conservation of resources theory. The lens of intellectual capital was applied to examine intangible resources of project governance like rules, regulations and directives for project success.
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