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Seifi M, Motamed S, Rouientan A, Bohlouli M. The Promise of Regenerative Medicine in the Reconstruction of Auricular Cartilage Deformities. ASAIO J 2023; 69:967-976. [PMID: 37578994 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000002016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many physiologic and psychologic challenges associated with ear cartilage deformities which are incredibly distasteful to patients, particularly children. The development of regenerative medicine (RM) sciences has opened up a new window for the reconstruction of auricular cartilage because it allows the creation of a structure similar to the auricular in appearance and function. As part of this review, we discuss the role that each RM tool, including tissue engineering, cells, and biomolecules, plays in developing engineered auricular tissue. In previous studies, it was shown that the simultaneous use of natural and synthetic biomaterials as well as three-dimensional printing techniques could improve the biological and mechanical properties of this tissue. Another critical issue is using stem cells and differentiated cartilage cells to produce tissue-specific cellular structures and extracellular matrix. Also, the importance of choosing a suitable animal model in terms of handling and care facilities, physiologic similarities to humans, and breed uniformity in the preclinical assessments have been highlighted. Then, the clinical trials registered on the clinicaltrials.gov website, and the commercialized product, called AuriNovo, have been comprehensively explained. Overall, it is important to provide engineered auricular cartilage structures with acceptable safety and efficacy compared with standard methods, autologous cartilage transplantation, and prosthetic reconstruction in RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Seifi
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine Panzdahe Khordad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadrollah Motamed
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine Panzdahe Khordad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Rouientan
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine Panzdahe Khordad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Bohlouli
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tahmasebi E, Mohammadi M, Alam M, Abbasi K, Gharibian Bajestani S, Khanmohammad R, Haseli M, Yazdanian M, Esmaeili Fard Barzegar P, Tebyaniyan H. The current regenerative medicine approaches of craniofacial diseases: A narrative review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1112378. [PMID: 36926524 PMCID: PMC10011176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial deformities (CFDs) develop following oncological resection, trauma, or congenital disorders. Trauma is one of the top five causes of death globally, with rates varying from country to country. They result in a non-healing composite tissue wound as they degenerate in soft or hard tissues. Approximately one-third of oral diseases are caused by gum disease. Due to the complexity of anatomical structures in the region and the variety of tissue-specific requirements, CFD treatments present many challenges. Many treatment methods for CFDs are available today, such as drugs, regenerative medicine (RM), surgery, and tissue engineering. Functional restoration of a tissue or an organ after trauma or other chronic diseases is the focus of this emerging field of science. The materials and methodologies used in craniofacial reconstruction have significantly improved in the last few years. A facial fracture requires bone preservation as much as possible, so tiny fragments are removed initially. It is possible to replace bone marrow stem cells with oral stem cells for CFDs due to their excellent potential for bone formation. This review article discusses regenerative approaches for different types of craniofacial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Gharibian Bajestani
- Student Research Committee, Dentistry Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rojin Khanmohammad
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohsen Haseli
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
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Dwivedi R, Yadav PK, Pandey R, Mehrotra D. Auricular reconstruction via 3D bioprinting strategies: An update. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:580-588. [PMID: 35968037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Image 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dwivedi
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Yadav
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Pandey
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ho CL, Huang LLH, Shieh SJ. Perichondrial progenitor cells promote proliferation and chondrogenesis of mature chondrocytes. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbab078. [PMID: 35702349 PMCID: PMC9187916 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous chondrocytes (C cells) are effective sources of cell therapy for engineering cartilage tissue to repair chondral defects, such as degenerative arthritis. The expansion of cells with C cell characteristics has become a major challenge due to inadequate donor sites and poor proliferation of mature C cells. The perichondrial progenitor cells (P cells) from the cambium layer of the perichondrium possessed significantly higher mesenchymal stem cell markers than C cells. In the transwell co-culture system, P cells increased the passaging capacity of C cells from P6 to P9, and the cell number increased 128 times. This system increased the percentage of Alcian blue-positive C cells from 40% in P6 to 62% in P9, contributing about 198 times more Alcian blue-positive C cells than the control group. C cells co-cultured with P cells also exhibited higher proliferation than C cells cultured with P cell-conditioned medium. Similar results were obtained in nude mice that were subcutaneously implanted with C cells, P cells or a mixture of the two cell types, in which the presence of both cells enhanced neocartilage formation in vivo. In aggregate, P cells enhanced the proliferation of C cells in a dose–dependent manner and prolonged the longevity of mature C cells for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Ho
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Research Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lynn L H Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Research Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jou Shieh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Childs RD, Nakao H, Isogai N, Murthy A, Landis WJ. An analytical study of neocartilage from microtia and otoplasty surgical remnants: A possible application for BMP7 in microtia development and regeneration. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234650. [PMID: 32555733 PMCID: PMC7299323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate auricular reconstruction by tissue engineering means, this study compared cartilage regenerated from human chondrocytes obtained from either microtia or normal (conchal) tissues discarded from otoplasties. Isolated cells were expanded in vitro, seeded onto nanopolyglycolic acid (nanoPGA) sheets with or without addition of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7), and implanted in nude mice for 10 weeks. On specimen harvest, cartilage development was assessed by gross morphology, histology, and RT-qPCR and microarray analyses. Neocartilages from normal and microtia surgical tissues were found equivalent in their dimensions, qualitative degree of proteoglycan and elastic fiber staining, and quantitative gene expression levels of types II and III collagen, elastin, and SOX5. Microarray analysis, applied for the first time for normal and microtia neocartilage comparison, yielded no genes that were statistically significantly different in expression between these two sample groups. These results support use of microtia tissue as a cell source for normal auricular reconstruction. Comparison of normal and microtia cells, each seeded on nanoPGA and supplemented with BMP7 in a slow-release hydrogel, showed statistically significant differences in certain genes identified by microarray analysis. Such differences were also noted in several analyses comparing counterpart seeded cells without BMP7. Summary data suggest a possible application for BMP7 in microtia cartilage regeneration and encourage further studies to elucidate whether such genotypic differences translate to phenotypic characteristics of the human microtic ear. The present work advances understanding relevant to the potential clinical use of microtia surgical remnants as a suitable cell source for tissue engineering of the pinna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin DiFeo Childs
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kindai University Medical School, Osaka sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakao
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Noritaka Isogai
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ananth Murthy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kindai University Medical School, Osaka sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - William J. Landis
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lee DJ, Kwon J, Kim YI, Kwon YH, Min S, Shin HW. Coating Medpor ® Implant with Tissue-Engineered Elastic Cartilage. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11020034. [PMID: 32455861 PMCID: PMC7353498 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inert biomaterials used for auricular reconstruction, which is one of the most challenging and diverse tasks in craniofacial or head and neck surgery, often cause problems such as capsule formation, infection, and skin extrusion. To solve these problems, scaffold consisting of inert biomaterial, high-density polyethylene (Medpor®) encapsulated with neocartilage, biodegradable poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was created using a tissue engineering strategy. PLGA scaffold without Medpor® was created to serve as the control. Scaffolds were vacuum-seeded with rabbit chondrocytes, freshly isolated from the ear by enzymatic digestion. Then, cell-seeded scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal pockets of nude mice. After 12 weeks, explants were analyzed by histological, biochemical, and mechanical evaluations. Although the PLGA group resulted in neocartilage formation, the PLGA-Medpor® group demonstrated improved outcome with the formation of well-surrounded cartilage around the implants with higher mechanical strength than the PLGA group, indicating that Medpor® has an influence on the structural strength of engineered cartilage. The presence of collagen and elastin fibers was evident in the histological section in both groups. These results demonstrated a novel method of coating implant material with engineered cartilage to overcome the limitations of using biodegradable scaffold in cartilage tissue regeneration. By utilizing the patient's own chondrocytes, our proposed method may broaden the choice of implant materials while minimizing side effects and immune reaction for the future medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Joon Lee
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Science Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (Y.H.K.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.J.L.); (H.W.S.); Tel.: +1-(919)-214-1508 (D.J.L.); +1-(919)-966-8175 (H.W.S.)
| | - Jane Kwon
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Science Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (Y.H.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Science Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (Y.H.K.); (S.M.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Geumoro 20, Mulgeum, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Science Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (Y.H.K.); (S.M.)
- Department of Dental Materials, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Samuel Min
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Science Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7454, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (Y.H.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Hae Won Shin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, CB #7025, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (D.J.L.); (H.W.S.); Tel.: +1-(919)-214-1508 (D.J.L.); +1-(919)-966-8175 (H.W.S.)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Repair of total human ear loss or congenital lack of ears is one of the challenging issues in plastic and reconstructive surgery. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was 3D reconstruction of the human ear with cadaveric ear cartilages seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells. METHOD We used cadaveric ear cartilages with preserved perichondrium. The samples were divided into 2 groups: group A (cartilage alone) and group B (cartilage seeded with a mixture of fibrin powder and mesenchymal stem cell [1,000,000 cells/cm] used and implanted in back of 10 athymic rats). After 12 weeks, the cartilages were removed and shape, size, weight, flexibility, and chondrocyte viability were evaluated. P value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS In group A, size and weight of cartilages clearly reduced (P < 0.05) and then shape and flexibility (torsion of cartilages in clockwise and counterclockwise directions) were evaluated, which were found to be significantly reduced (P > 0.05). After staining with hematoxylin and eosin and performing microscopic examination, very few live chondrocytes were found in group A. In group B, size and weight of samples were not changed (P < 0.05); the shape and flexibility of samples were well maintained (P < 0.05) and on performing microscopic examination of cartilage samples, many live chondrocytes were found in cartilage (15-20 chondrocytes in each microscopic field). CONCLUSION In samples with human stem cell, all variables (size, shape, weight, and flexibility) were significantly maintained and abundant live chondrocytes were found on performing microscopic examination. This method may be used for reconstruction of full defect of auricles in humans.
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Bos E, Doerga P, Breugem C, van Zuijlen P. The burned ear; possibilities and challenges in framework reconstruction and coverage. Burns 2016; 42:1387-1395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ebrahimi A, Kazemi A, Rasouli HR, Kazemi M, Kalantar Motamedi MH. Reconstructive Surgery of Auricular Defects: An Overview. Trauma Mon 2015; 20:e28202. [PMID: 26839867 PMCID: PMC4727475 DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.28202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Despite the ongoing advances in surgical procedures and promising progress in bioengineering techniques, auricular reconstruction remains a significant challenge in plastic surgery. There are different causes for acquired auricular defects, including trauma, tumor ablation and burns. The management options for upper, middle and lower third auricular defects are briefly reviewed in the current paper. Evidence Acquisition: Original research papers investigating the plastic surgeons, otolaryngologists and maxillofacial surgeons in approaching the complicated issue of auricular reconstruction published from January 1995 to December 2014 were aggregated and used in the current study. Results: Utilizing autologous stem cell populations to treat craniofacial defects is a promising field of ongoing investigations. Studies show that cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) are highly chondrogenic and can produce elastic reconstructive material with long-term tissue restoration. Conclusions: Auricular reconstruction surgery is a challenging plastic procedure that requires great expertise and expert knowledge of the various techniques available. Novel techniques in the fields of reconstructive bioengineering and regenerative medicine are promising but further research is required before widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ebrahimi
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Kazemi
- Education Development Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rasouli
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Education Development Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Kalantar Motamedi
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Hosein Kalantar Motamedi, Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 19647, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122616946, Fax: +98-2188053766, E-mail:
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Zhang X, Xue K, Zhou J, Xu P, Huang H, Liu K. Chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow‑derived stem cells cultured in the supernatant of elastic cartilage cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5355-60. [PMID: 26238630 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of cartilage defects remains a challenge for surgeons, owing to its poor self‑repairing capacity. Cartilage tissue engineering, particularly marrow stem cell‑based cartilage regeneration, provides a promising option for the regeneration of damaged cartilage. Although producing tissue‑engineered cartilage from marrow stem cells appeared to be a feasible method, constructing certain sub‑types of cartilage, including elastic cartilage, remains difficult. Therefore, the present study explored the feasibility of constructing elastic cartilage by culturing bone marrow‑derived stem cells (BMSCs) in the supernatant of elastic cartilage cells to generate elastic cartilage. The elastic cartilage cells were obtained from the auricle cartilage of a newborn pig, and BMSCs were isolated from pig bone marrow aspirate. The supernatant of the chondrocytes was collected and then used to the culture BMSCs. At various time‑points, the differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated by gross view, histological examination and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. BMSCs changed from spindle‑shaped cells into polygonal cells with increasing culture time. The expression of collagen II and elastin was observed in the cells cultured in the supernatant of elastic chondrocytes, while no expression was observed in the control cells. Furthermore, the expression of collagen I and collagen X was downregulated in the cells cultured in the supernatant of elastic cartilage cells. The supernatant of elastic cartilage cells promoted the differentiation of BMSCs into elastic cartilage cells, which may be a promising method for constructing certain sub‑types of tissue‑engineered cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodie Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Huizhen Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Salmasi S, Kalaskar DM, Yoon WW, Blunn GW, Seifalian AM. Role of nanotopography in the development of tissue engineered 3D organs and tissues using mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:266-80. [PMID: 25815114 PMCID: PMC4369486 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies (using cells, scaffolds, medical devices and gene therapy) have led to fascinating progress of translation of basic research towards clinical applications. In the past decade, great deal of research has focused on developing various three dimensional (3D) organs, such as bone, skin, liver, kidney and ear, using such strategies in order to replace or regenerate damaged organs for the purpose of maintaining or restoring organs' functions that may have been lost due to aging, accident or disease. The surface properties of a material or a device are key aspects in determining the success of the implant in biomedicine, as the majority of biological reactions in human body occur on surfaces or interfaces. Furthermore, it has been established in the literature that cell adhesion and proliferation are, to a great extent, influenced by the micro- and nano-surface characteristics of biomaterials and devices. In addition, it has been shown that the functions of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells in particular, could be regulated through physical interaction with specific nanotopographical cues. Therefore, guided stem cell proliferation, differentiation and function are of great importance in the regeneration of 3D tissues and organs using tissue engineering strategies. This review will provide an update on the impact of nanotopography on mesenchymal stem cells for the purpose of developing laboratory-based 3D organs and tissues, as well as the most recent research and case studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Salmasi
- Shima Salmasi, Deepak M Kalaskar, Alexander M Seifalian, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, NW3 2PF London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- Shima Salmasi, Deepak M Kalaskar, Alexander M Seifalian, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, NW3 2PF London, United Kingdom
| | - Wai-Weng Yoon
- Shima Salmasi, Deepak M Kalaskar, Alexander M Seifalian, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, NW3 2PF London, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon W Blunn
- Shima Salmasi, Deepak M Kalaskar, Alexander M Seifalian, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, NW3 2PF London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- Shima Salmasi, Deepak M Kalaskar, Alexander M Seifalian, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, NW3 2PF London, United Kingdom
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Jin GZ, Kim JJ, Park JH, Seo SJ, Kim JH, Lee EJ, Kim HW. Biphasic nanofibrous constructs with seeded cell layers for osteochondral repair. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:895-904. [PMID: 24621213 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphasic scaffolds have gained increasing attention for the regeneration of osteochondral interfacial tissue because they are expected to effectively define the interfacial structure of tissue that comprises stratified cartilage with a degree of calcification. Here, we propose a biphasic nanofiber construct made of poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) and its mineralized form (mPLCL) populated with cells. Primary rat articular chondrocytes (ACs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on the layers of bare PLCL and mPLCL nanofibers, respectively, for 7 days, and the biphasic cell-nanofiber construct was investigated at 4 weeks after implantation into nude mice. Before implantation, the ACs and MSCs grown on each layer of PLCL and mPLCL nanofibers exhibited phenotypes typical of chondrocytes and osteoblasts, respectively, under proper culture conditions, as analyzed by electron microscopy, histological staining, cell growth kinetics, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The biphasic constructs also showed the development of a possible formation of cartilage and bone tissue in vivo. Results demonstrated that the cell-laden biphasic nanofiber constructs may be useful for the repair of osteochondral interfacial tissue structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Jin
- 1 Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University , Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Seo SJ, Mahapatra C, Singh RK, Knowles JC, Kim HW. Strategies for osteochondral repair: Focus on scaffolds. J Tissue Eng 2014; 5:2041731414541850. [PMID: 25343021 PMCID: PMC4206689 DOI: 10.1177/2041731414541850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in osteochondral repair has been increasing with the growing number of sports-related injuries, accident traumas, and congenital diseases and disorders. Although therapeutic interventions are entering an advanced stage, current surgical procedures are still in their infancy. Unlike other tissues, the osteochondral zone shows a high level of gradient and interfacial tissue organization between bone and cartilage, and thus has unique characteristics related to the ability to resist mechanical compression and restoration. Among the possible therapies, tissue engineering of osteochondral tissues has shown considerable promise where multiple approaches of utilizing cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules have been pursued. This review focuses particularly on the importance of scaffold design and its role in the success of osteochondral tissue engineering. Biphasic and gradient composition with proper pore configurations are the basic design consideration for scaffolds. Surface modification is an essential technique to improve the scaffold function associated with cell regulation or delivery of signaling molecules. The use of functional scaffolds with a controllable delivery strategy of multiple signaling molecules is also considered a promising therapeutic approach. In this review, we updated the recent advances in scaffolding approaches for osteochondral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog-Jin Seo
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chinmaya Mahapatra
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendra K Singh
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Singh RK, Patel KD, Lee JH, Lee EJ, Kim JH, Kim TH, Kim HW. Potential of magnetic nanofiber scaffolds with mechanical and biological properties applicable for bone regeneration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91584. [PMID: 24705279 PMCID: PMC3976257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanofibrous scaffolds of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were produced, and their effects on physico-chemical, mechanical and biological properties were extensively addressed to find efficacy for bone regeneration purpose. MNPs 12 nm in diameter were citrated and evenly distributed in PCL solutions up to 20% and then were electrospun into nonwoven nanofibrous webs. Incorporation of MNPs greatly improved the hydrophilicity of the nanofibers. Tensile mechanical properties of the nanofibers (tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus and elongation) were significantly enhanced with the addition of MNPs up to 15%. In particular, the tensile strength increase was as high as ∼25 MPa at 15% MNPs vs. ∼10 MPa in pure PCL. PCL-MNP nanofibers exhibited magnetic behaviors, with a high saturation point and hysteresis loop area, which increased gradually with MNP content. The incorporation of MNPs substantially increased the degradation of the nanofibers, with a weight loss of ∼20% in pure PCL, ∼45% in 10% MNPs and ∼60% in 20% MNPs. Apatite forming ability of the nanofibers tested in vitro in simulated body fluid confirmed the substantial improvement gained by the addition of MNPs. Osteoblastic cells favored the MNPs-incorporated nanofibers with significantly improved initial cell adhesion and subsequent penetration through the nanofibers, compared to pure PCL. Alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of genes associated with bone (collagen I, osteopontin and bone sialoprotein) were significantly up-regulated in cells cultured on PCL-MNP nanofibers than those on pure PCL. PCL-MNP nanofibers subcutaneously implanted in rats exhibited minimal adverse tissue reactions, while inducing substantial neoblood vessel formation, which however, greatly limited in pure PCL. In vivo study in radial segmental defects also signified the bone regeneration ability of the PCL-MNP nanofibrous scaffolds. The magnetic, bone-bioactive, mechanical, cellular and tissue attributes of MNP-incorporated PCL nanofibers make them promising candidate scaffolds for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra K. Singh
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Kapil D. Patel
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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