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Achana F, Johnson S, Ni Y, Marlow N, Wolke D, Khan K, Petrou S. Economic costs and health utility values associated with extremely preterm birth: Evidence from the EPICure2 cohort study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2022; 36:696-705. [PMID: 35830294 PMCID: PMC9543967 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is associated with adverse health and developmental sequelae that impose a burden on finite resources and significant challenges for individuals, families and societies. OBJECTIVES To estimate economic outcomes at age 11 associated with extremely preterm birth using evidence from a whole population study (EPICure2 study). METHODS The study population comprised a sample of children born at ≤26 completed weeks of gestation during 2006 in England (n = 200) and a comparison group of classmates born at term (n = 143). Societal costs were estimated using parent and teacher reports of service utilisation, and valuations of work losses and additional care costs to families. Utility scores for the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and Mark 3 (HUI3) were generated using UK and Canadian value sets. Generalised linear regression was used to estimate the impact of extremely preterm birth on societal costs and utility scores. RESULTS Unadjusted mean societal costs that excluded provision of special educational support in mainstream schools during the 11th year after birth were £6536 for the extremely preterm group and £3275 for their classmates, generating a difference of £3262 (95% confidence interval [CI] £1912, £5543). The mean adjusted cost difference was £2916 (95% CI £1609, £4224), including special educational needs provision in mainstream schools increased the adjusted cost difference to £4772 (95% CI £3166, £6378). Compared with birth at term, extremely preterm birth generated mean-adjusted utility decrements ranging from 0.13 (95% CI 0.09, 0.18) based on the UK HUI2 statistical inference tariff to 0.28 (95% CI 0.18, 0.37) based on the Canadian HUI3 tariff. CONCLUSIONS The adverse economic impact of extremely preterm birth persists into late childhood. Further longitudinal studies conducted from multiple perspectives are needed to understand the magnitude, trajectory and underpinning mechanisms of economic outcomes following extremely preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Achana
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | | | - Yanyan Ni
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Neil Marlow
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Kamran Khan
- Warwick Clinical Trials UnitUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Mann JL, Maikawa CL, Smith AAA, Grosskopf AK, Baker SW, Roth GA, Meis CM, Gale EC, Liong CS, Correa S, Chan D, Stapleton LM, Yu AC, Muir B, Howard S, Postma A, Appel EA. An ultrafast insulin formulation enabled by high-throughput screening of engineered polymeric excipients. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/550/eaba6676. [PMID: 32611683 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba6676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin has been used to treat diabetes for almost 100 years; yet, current rapid-acting insulin formulations do not have sufficiently fast pharmacokinetics to maintain tight glycemic control at mealtimes. Dissociation of the insulin hexamer, the primary association state of insulin in rapid-acting formulations, is the rate-limiting step that leads to delayed onset and extended duration of action. A formulation of insulin monomers would more closely mimic endogenous postprandial insulin secretion, but monomeric insulin is unstable in solution using present formulation strategies and rapidly aggregates into amyloid fibrils. Here, we implement high-throughput-controlled radical polymerization techniques to generate a large library of acrylamide carrier/dopant copolymer (AC/DC) excipients designed to reduce insulin aggregation. Our top-performing AC/DC excipient candidate enabled the development of an ultrafast-absorbing insulin lispro (UFAL) formulation, which remains stable under stressed aging conditions for 25 ± 1 hours compared to 5 ± 2 hours for commercial fast-acting insulin lispro formulations (Humalog). In a porcine model of insulin-deficient diabetes, UFAL exhibited peak action at 9 ± 4 min, whereas commercial Humalog exhibited peak action at 25 ± 10 min. These ultrafast kinetics make UFAL a promising candidate for improving glucose control and reducing burden for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Mann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Caitlin L Maikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anton A A Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.,Department of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Abigail K Grosskopf
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sam W Baker
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gillie A Roth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine M Meis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Emily C Gale
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Celine S Liong
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Santiago Correa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Doreen Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Anthony C Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ben Muir
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Shaun Howard
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Almar Postma
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Moura LFWG, da Silva Costa HP, da Silva Neto JX, Dias LP, Magalhães FEA, van Tilburg MF, Florean EOPT, de Oliveira JTA, Oliveira Bezerra de Sousa DD, Guedes MIF. Orally hypoglycemic activity of an insulin mimetic glycoprotein isolated from Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl. (Euphorbiaceae) seeds, Cq-IMP. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:886-895. [PMID: 32413470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) is widely distributed in tropical areas. In the Northeast of Brazil, the species C. quercifolius is endemic and has been used in traditional medicine. In this study, a novel protein was isolated from C. quercifolius seeds and characterized by its molecular weight, primary structure, isoelectric point (pI), and carbohydrate content. The hypoglycemic activity of this protein was investigated by in vitro assay with the RIN-5F glucose-responsive cell line and in vivo test using alloxan-induced diabetic mice models. In addition, safe use of the protein was also investigated by cytotoxicity, hemagglutinating, and immunogenicity assays. The protein which was named Cq-IMP (Cnidoscolus quercifolius - Insulin Mimetic Protein) showed a single 11.18 KDa glycopolypeptide chain (16.4% of carbohydrates, m/m), pI of 8.0 and N-terminal sequence (TKDPELKQcKKQQKKqQQYDDDDKK) with similarity around 46-62% to sucrose binding protein-like and vicilin-like protein that was confirmed by mass spectrometry tryptic peptides analysis. Besides that, Cq-IMP presented anti-insulin antibody cross-reactivity as hypoglycemic activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. Additionally, it did not present any toxicity by methods tested. In conclusion, Cq-IMP is an insulin-mimetic protein, with a potent hypoglycemic activity and no toxicity showing great potential for therapeutic applications and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Francisco Wemmenson Gonçalves Moura
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Helen Paula da Silva Costa
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
| | - João Xavier da Silva Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pinheiro Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Fraga van Tilburg
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Ishii H, Shuichi S, Williams P, Demiya S, Aranishi T, Treuer T. Cross-sectional survey in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes to understand mealtime insulin unmet needs in Japan: The MINUTES-J study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 162:108076. [PMID: 32061818 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to evaluate existing burden and unmet needs related to mealtime insulin (MTI) injection timing among adult Japanese patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. It also aimed to evaluate if a novel MTI could reduce this burden. METHODS This study comprised of a qualitative pilot study facilitating development of an online survey; followed by an online quantitative survey involving T1D, young T2D (yT2D) and elderly T2D (eT2D) patients to assess burden of current MTI timings in Japan. RESULTS Overall, 38% patients (amongst T1D, yT2D and eT2D groups) reported injecting MTI just before start or during meal in the past month. Experiencing lower glucose level/hypoglycemic condition before the meal and forgetting were the main reasons for injecting during/after meal in T1D and T2D patients respectively. Patients reported moderate-to-severe burden in multiple aspects of their lives, associated with current MTI timing. Most patients perceived that this burden would remain the same if a faster acting MTI was available. CONCLUSIONS Substantial burden reported by Japanese patients regarding the current MTI timings suggests the need for new MTI products that could achieve optimal post-prandial glucose control at different timings to meet patients' needs in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ishii
- Department of Diabetology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Paul Williams
- RWE Patient-Centered Endpoints Center of Excellence, IQVIA, Paris, France.
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