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Hu Y, Cai Z, He B. Smooth Muscle Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Health and Aortic Aneurysmal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11701. [PMID: 37511460 PMCID: PMC10380637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the medial layer of the aorta, which plays a critical role in the maintenance of aortic wall integrity. VSMCs have been suggested to have contractile and synthetic phenotypes and undergo phenotypic switching to contribute to the deteriorating aortic wall structure. Recently, the unprecedented heterogeneity and diversity of VSMCs and their complex relationship to aortic aneurysms (AAs) have been revealed by high-resolution research methods, such as lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing. The aortic wall consists of VSMCs from different embryonic origins that respond unevenly to genetic defects that directly or indirectly regulate VSMC contractile phenotype. This difference predisposes to hereditary AAs in the aortic root and ascending aorta. Several VSMC phenotypes with different functions, for example, secreting VSMCs, proliferative VSMCs, mesenchymal stem cell-like VSMCs, immune-related VSMCs, proinflammatory VSMCs, senescent VSMCs, and stressed VSMCs are identified in non-hereditary AAs. The transformation of VSMCs into different phenotypes is an adaptive response to deleterious stimuli but can also trigger pathological remodeling that exacerbates the pathogenesis and development of AAs. This review is intended to contribute to the understanding of VSMC diversity in health and aneurysmal diseases. Papers that give an update on VSMC phenotype diversity in health and aneurysmal disease are summarized and recent insights on the role of VSMCs in AAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
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Costa D, Andreucci M, Ielapi N, Serraino GF, Mastroroberto P, Bracale UM, Serra R. Vascular Biology of arterial aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg 2023:S0890-5096(23)00225-X. [PMID: 37068624 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to analyze biomolecular and cellular events responsible for arterial aneurysm formation with particular attention to vascular remodeling that determines the initiation and the progression of arterial aneurysm, till rupture. METHODS This review was conducted searching libraries such as Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Medline. Used keywords with various combinations were: "arterial aneurysms", "biology", "genetics", "proteomics", "molecular", "pathophysiology" and extracellular matrix" RESULTS: There are several genetic alterations responsible of syndromic and non-syndromic disease that predispose to aneurysm formation. ECM imbalance, mainly due to the alteration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) homeostasis, overexpression of metalloproteinases (MPs) and cytokines activation, determines weakness of the arterial wall that dilates thus causing aneurysmal disease. Altered mechanotransduction in the ECM may also trigger and sustain anomalous cellular and biochemical signaling. Different cell population such as VSMCs, macrophages, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) cells, vascular wall resident stem cells (VWRSCs) are all involved at different levels CONCLUSIONS: Improving knowledge in vascular biology may help researchers and physicians in better targeting aneurysmal disease in order to better prevent and better treat such important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Costa
- Department of Law, Economics and Sociology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Department of Health Sciences. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro. 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Ielapi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filiberto Serraino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro. 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mastroroberto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro. 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro. 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Martin-Blazquez A, Heredero A, Aldamiz-Echevarria G, Martin-Lorenzo M, Alvarez-Llamas G. Non-syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm: cellular and molecular insights. J Pathol 2021; 254:229-238. [PMID: 33885146 PMCID: PMC8251829 DOI: 10.1002/path.5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) develops silently and asymptomatically and is a major cause of mortality. TAA prevalence is greatly underestimated, it is usually diagnosed incidentally, and its treatment consists mainly of prophylactic surgery based on the aortic diameter. The lack of effective drugs and biological markers to identify and stratify TAAs by risk before visible symptoms results from scant knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms. Here we integrate the structural impairment affecting non-syndromic non-familial TAA with the main cellular and molecular changes described so far and consider how these changes are interconnected through specific pathways. The ultimate goal is to define much-needed novel markers of TAA, and so the potential of previously identified molecules to aid in early diagnosis/prognosis is also discussed. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angeles Heredero
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gloria Alvarez-Llamas
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,REDInREN, Madrid, Spain
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Yin 殷晓科 X, Wanga S, Fellows AL, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Lu R, Davaapil H, Franken R, Fava M, Baig F, Skroblin P, Xing Q, Koolbergen DR, Groenink M, Zwinderman AH, Balm R, de Vries CJM, Mulder BJM, Viner R, Jahangiri M, Reinhardt DP, Sinha S, de Waard V, Mayr M. Glycoproteomic Analysis of the Aortic Extracellular Matrix in Marfan Patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1859-1873. [PMID: 31315432 PMCID: PMC6727943 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Marfan syndrome (MFS) is caused by mutations in FBN1 (fibrillin-1), an extracellular matrix (ECM) component, which is modified post-translationally by glycosylation. This study aimed to characterize the glycoproteome of the aortic ECM from patients with MFS and relate it to aortopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Yin 殷晓科
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., A.L.F., J.B.-B., R.L., M.F., F.B., P.S., Q.X., M.M.)
| | - Shaynah Wanga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (S.W., C.J.M.d.V., V.d.W.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology (S.W., R.F., M.G., B.J.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adam L Fellows
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., A.L.F., J.B.-B., R.L., M.F., F.B., P.S., Q.X., M.M.)
| | - Javier Barallobre-Barreiro
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., A.L.F., J.B.-B., R.L., M.F., F.B., P.S., Q.X., M.M.)
| | - Ruifang Lu
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., A.L.F., J.B.-B., R.L., M.F., F.B., P.S., Q.X., M.M.)
| | - Hongorzul Davaapil
- Department of Medicine, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (H.D., S.S.)
| | - Romy Franken
- Department of Cardiology (S.W., R.F., M.G., B.J.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marika Fava
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., A.L.F., J.B.-B., R.L., M.F., F.B., P.S., Q.X., M.M.)
| | - Ferheen Baig
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., A.L.F., J.B.-B., R.L., M.F., F.B., P.S., Q.X., M.M.)
| | - Philipp Skroblin
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., A.L.F., J.B.-B., R.L., M.F., F.B., P.S., Q.X., M.M.)
| | - Qiuru Xing
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., A.L.F., J.B.-B., R.L., M.F., F.B., P.S., Q.X., M.M.)
| | - David R Koolbergen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.R.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Groenink
- Department of Cardiology (S.W., R.F., M.G., B.J.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology (M.G.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (A.H.Z.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Balm
- Department of Surgery (R.B.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (S.W., C.J.M.d.V., V.d.W.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara J M Mulder
- Department of Cardiology (S.W., R.F., M.G., B.J.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (B.J.M.M.)
| | - Rosa Viner
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA (R.V.)
| | | | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (D.P.R.)
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Department of Medicine, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (H.D., S.S.)
| | - Vivian de Waard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (S.W., C.J.M.d.V., V.d.W.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (X.Y., A.L.F., J.B.-B., R.L., M.F., F.B., P.S., Q.X., M.M.)
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