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Mahdood B, Merajikhah A, Mirzaiee M, Bastami M, Banoueizadeh S. Virus and viral components transmitted through surgical smoke; a silent danger in operating room: a systematic review. BMC Surg 2024; 24:227. [PMID: 39123160 PMCID: PMC11312259 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During surgical procedures, heat-generating devices are widely used producing surgical smoke (SS). Since the SS can transmit infectious viruses, this systematic review was designed to investigate the potential viruses transmitted through SS. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Embase databases, along with Cochran Library, and Google Scholar search engine were searched systematically (by April 21, 2024). No language, place, and time restrictions were considered. All studies evaluating the SS and virus transmission, and whole investigations regarding the viral infections transmitted through SS were totally considered inclusion criteria. Besides, non-original, qualitative, case reports, case series, letters to the editor, editorial, and review studies were excluded from the analysis. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. RESULTS Twenty-six eligible studies were selected and reviewed for data extraction. The results showed that the SS contains virus and associated components. Six types of viruses or viral components were identified in SS including papillomavirus (HPV, BPV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), varicella zoster, Hepatitis B (HBV), SARS-CoV-2, and Oral poliovirus (OPV), which are spread to surgical team through smoke-producing devices. CONCLUSIONS Since the studies confirm the presence of viruses, and viral components in SS, the potential risk to the healthcare workers, especially in operating room (OR), seems possible. Thus, the adoption of protective strategies against SS is critical. Despite the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), these viruses could affect OR personnel in surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Mahdood
- Department of Operating Room, Faculty Member of Paramedical School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - Mina Mirzaiee
- Department of Operating Room, School of Paramedical Science, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Bastami
- Department of Operating Room, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sara Banoueizadeh
- Department of Operating Room, School of Paramedical Science, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Huynh T, Bui DM, Zhou TX, Hu KQ. Improvement of hepatic fibrosis after tenofovir disoproxil fumarate switching to tenofovir alafenamide for three years. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:1009-1017. [PMID: 39086529 PMCID: PMC11287611 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i7.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are the first-line treatments for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We have showed switching from TDF to TAF for 96 weeks resulted in further alanine aminotransferase (ALT) improvement, but data remain lacking on the long-term benefits of TDF switching to TAF on hepatic fibrosis. AIM To assess the benefits of TDF switching to TAF for 3 years on ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and hepatic fibrosis improvement in patients with CHB. METHODS A single center retrospective study on 53 patients with CHB who were initially treated with TDF, then switched to TAF to determine dynamic patterns of ALT, AST, AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores, and shear wave elastography (SWE) reading improvement at switching week 144, and the associated factors. RESULTS The mean age was 55 (28-80); 45.3%, males; 15.1%, clinical cirrhosis; mean baseline ALT, 24.8; AST, 25.7 U/L; APRI, 0.37; and FIB-4, 1.66. After 144 weeks TDF switching to TAF, mean ALT and AST were reduced to 19.7 and 21, respectively. From baseline to switching week 144, the rates of ALT and AST < 35 (male)/25 (female) and < 30 (male)/19 (female) were persistently increased; hepatic fibrosis was also improved by APRI < 0.5, from 79.2% to 96.2%; FIB-4 < 1.45, from 52.8% to 58.5%, respectively; mean APRI was reduced to 0.27; FIB-4, to 1.38; and mean SWE reading, from 7.05 to 6.30 kPa after a mean of 109 weeks switching. The renal function was stable and the frequency of patients with glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min was increased from 86.5% at baseline to 88.2% at switching week 144. CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that switching from TDF to TAF for 3 years results in not only persistent ALT/AST improvement, but also hepatic fibrosis improvement by APRI, FIB-4 scores, as well as SWE reading, the important clinical benefits of long-term hepatitis B virus antiviral treatment with TAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Huynh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | | | - Tina Xiwen Zhou
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Ke-Qin Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, United States.
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3
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Karasahin O, Kalkan IA, Dal T, Toplu SA, Harputluoglu M, Mete AO, Komur S, Sarigul F, Yildiz Y, Esmer F, Kandemir O, Nazik S, Inan D, Akgul F, Kaya S, Tunc N, Bayindir Y, Balin SO, Tasova Y, Aktar F, Oner MM, Ayhan M, Demir Y, Celen MK. First year real life experience with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate: The pythagorean cohort. HEPATOLOGY FORUM 2023; 4:61-68. [PMID: 37250926 PMCID: PMC10209973 DOI: 10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim In chronic hepatitis B infection, antiviral therapy significantly reduces the incidence of complications. This study aimed to present real-life 12-month effectiveness and safety data for TAF. Materials and Methods This Pythagoras Retrospective Cohort Study included patients from 14 centers in Turkiye. The study presents 12-month results of 480 patients treated with TAF as initial therapy or after switching from another antiviral drug. Results The study shows treatment of about 78.1% patients with at least one antiviral agent (90.6% tenofovir disoproxil [TDF]). The rate of undetectable HBV DNA increased in both treatment-experienced and naive patients. In TDF-experienced patients, the rate of alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization increased slightly (1.6%) within 12 months, but the change was not statistically significant (p=0.766). Younger age, low albumin, and high body mass index and cholesterol were identified as risk factors for abnormal ALT after 12 months, but no linear relationship was detected. In TDF-experienced patients, renal and bone function indicators showed significant improvement three months after the transition to TAF and remained stable for 12 months. Conclusion Real-life data demonstrated effective virological and biochemical responses with TAF therapy. After switching to TAF treatment, gains in kidney and bone functions were achieved in the early period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Karasahin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Irem Akdemir Kalkan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Tuba Dal
- Department of Microbiology, Yildirim Beyazit University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Sibel Altunisik Toplu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Murat Harputluoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Ayse Ozlem Mete
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkiye
| | - Suheyla Komur
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkiye
| | - Figen Sarigul
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkiye
| | - Yesim Yildiz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Fatih Esmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sanliurfa Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkiye
| | - Ozlem Kandemir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkiye
| | - Selcu Nazik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkiye
| | - Dilara Inan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkiye
| | - Fethiye Akgul
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Batman Training and Research Hospital, Batman, Turkiye
| | - Safak Kaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir
| | - Nurettin Tunc
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turkiye; Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkiye
| | - Yasar Bayindir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Safak Ozer Balin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Yesim Tasova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkiye
| | - Fesih Aktar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkiye
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkiye
| | - Meryem Merve Oner
- Department of Public Health, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | | | - Yakup Demir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Kemal Celen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkiye
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Roade L, Riveiro-Barciela M, Palom A, Rodríguez-Frías F, Bes M, Rando A, Salcedo MT, Casillas R, Vargas-Accarino E, Tabernero D, Sauleda S, Esteban R, Buti M. ACE Score Identifies HBeAg-negative Inactive Carriers at a Single-point Evaluation, Regardless of HBV Genotype. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:1068-1076. [PMID: 36381089 PMCID: PMC9634781 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) biomarkers have been used for a better categorization of patients, even though the lack of simple algorithms and the impact of genotypes limit their application. Our aim was to assess the usefulness of noninvasive markers for the identification of HBV inactive carriers (ICs) in a single-point evaluation and to design a predictive model for their identification. METHODS This retrospective-prospective study included 343 consecutive HBeAg-negative individuals. Clinical, analytical, and virological data were collected, and a liver biopsy was performed if needed. Subjects were classified at the end of follow-up as ICs, chronic hepatitis B and gray zone.A predictive model was constructed, and validated by 1000-bootstrap samples. RESULTS After 39 months of follow-up, 298 subjects were ICs, 36 were chronic hepatitis B CHB, and nine were gray zone. Eighty-nine (25.9%) individuals required a liver biopsy. Baseline HBV DNA hazard ratio (HR) 6.0, p<0.001), HBV core-related antigen (HBcrAg) (HR 6.5, p<0.001), and elastography (HR 4.6, p<0.001) were independently associated with the IC stage. The ACE score (HBV DNA, HBcrAg, elastography), obtained by bootstrapping, yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of 0.925 (95% CI: 0.880-0.970, p<0.001) for identification of ICs. The AUROC for genotype D was 0.95, 0.96 for A, 0.90 for E, and 0.88 for H/F. An ACE score of <1 had a positive predictive value of 99.5%, and a score ≤12 points had a diagnostic accuracy of 93.8%. CONCLUSIONS Low baseline HBV DNA, HBcrAg, and liver stiffness were independently associated with the IC phase. A score including those variables identified ICs at a single-point evaluation, and might be applied to implement less intensive follow-up strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Roade
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Riveiro-Barciela
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence to: Mar Riveiro-Barciela, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9309-2052. Tel: +93-4893030-6559, Fax: +93-4894032, E-Mail:
| | - Adriana Palom
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Frías
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Pathology Lab, Biochemistry and Microbiology Departments (Clinical Laboratories), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Liver Diseases Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Safety Laboratory, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Servei Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Rando
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Pathology Lab, Biochemistry and Microbiology Departments (Clinical Laboratories), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Teresa Salcedo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Casillas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Pathology Lab, Biochemistry and Microbiology Departments (Clinical Laboratories), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Vargas-Accarino
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Liver Diseases Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Tabernero
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Pathology Lab, Biochemistry and Microbiology Departments (Clinical Laboratories), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Sauleda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Liver Diseases Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Safety Laboratory, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Servei Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Esteban
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Buti
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Barcelona, Spain
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Das S, Wang W, Ganesan M, Fonseca-Lanza F, Cobb DA, Bybee G, Sun Y, Guo L, Hanson B, Cohen SM, Gendelman HE, Osna NA, Edagwa BJ, Poluektova LY. An ultralong-acting tenofovir ProTide nanoformulation achieves monthslong HBV suppression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade9582. [PMID: 36563152 PMCID: PMC9788773 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) requires lifelong daily therapy. However, suboptimal adherence to the existing daily therapy has led to the need for ultralong-acting antivirals. A lipophilic and hydrophobic ProTide was made by replacing the alanyl isopropyl ester present in tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) with a docosyl phenyl alanyl ester, now referred to as M1TFV. NM1TFV and nanoformulated TAF (NTAF) nanocrystals were formulated by high-pressure homogenization. A single intramuscular injection of NM1TFV, but not NTAF, delivered at a dose of TFV equivalents (168 milligrams per kilogram) demonstrated monthslong antiviral activities in both HBV-transgenic and human hepatocyte transplanted TK-NOG mice. The suppression of HBV DNA in blood was maintained for 3 months. Laboratory experiments on HBV-transfected HepG2.2.15 cells affirmed the animal results and the critical role of docosanol in the sustained NM1TFV antiviral responses. These results provide clear "proof of concept" toward an emerging therapeutic paradigm for the treatment and prevention of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijanee Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Franchesca Fonseca-Lanza
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Denise A. Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Grace Bybee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Yimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Brandon Hanson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Samuel M. Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.P.); (B.E.); (N.O.)
| | - Benson J. Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.P.); (B.E.); (N.O.)
| | - Larisa Y. Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.P.); (B.E.); (N.O.)
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Steckstor M, Katsounas A, Canbay A. [Chronic hepatitis B virus infection - silent companion with serious complications]. MMW Fortschr Med 2022; 164:42-50. [PMID: 35359292 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-022-0831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Steckstor
- Sektion Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, interventionelle Endoskopie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum GmbH, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Antonios Katsounas
- Sektion Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, interventionelle Endoskopie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum GmbH, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum GmbH, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
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Chen P, Wei W, Jin L, Kuai W, Li F, Liu H, Jiang B, Zhu Y. Efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate in nucleoside analogue treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1325. [PMID: 34630679 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) is a first-line drug for the antiviral treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China. In the present study, the efficacy and renal safety of TAF were evaluated in treatment-naive patients with CHB. Patients with CHB who had not been previously treated with nucleoside analogues (NAs) were recruited before TAF treatment was initiated. Changes in the levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were analyzed at 24 and 48 weeks using immunoassays. In addition, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were analyzed using transient elastography, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphorus (IP) levels were measured using biochemistry assay. In addition, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. After 48 weeks, the ALT normalization rate was 95.24% (40/42), the complete virological response (HBV DNA <20 IU/ml) rate was 69.05% (29/42) and the HBeAg seroconversion rate was 8.57% (3/35). The levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg were significantly decreased from the baseline at 5.49±1.95 to 1.26±0.66 log10 IU/ml and from 3.59±0.81 to 3.32±0.55 log10 IU/ml after 48 weeks of treatment, respectively. Compared with that in the baseline measurements, LSM at 48 weeks was significantly decreased from 13.00±8.15 to 8.66±4.45 kPa. No significant differences were observed in the TG, TC, LDL-C, CAP, eGFR, Ca and IP measurements. According to the baseline ALT levels, patients were divided into group A [ALT ≤1 x upper limit of normal (ULN); ULN=50 U/l; n=21], group B (1 x ULN < ALT <2 x ULN; n=22) and group C (ALT ≥2 x ULN; n=18). A significant decrease in HBsAg levels was observed in group B (3.63±0.68 vs. 3.53±0.63 log10 IU/ml) and group C (4.15±0.57 vs. 3.66±0.48 log10 IU/ml) at 24 weeks compared with the baseline. In conclusion, TAF was found to be effective and safe in NA treatment-naive patients with CHB. Moreover, the higher the ALT levels, the more prominent the curative effect from TAF treatment. Therefore, NA treatment-naive CHB patients could benefit from TAF treatment in real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Chronic Liver Disease, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Postgraduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China.,Department of Severe Hepatitis, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Li Jin
- Postgraduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Kuai
- Department of Chronic Liver Disease, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Chronic Liver Disease, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Chronic Liver Disease, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Department of Chronic Liver Disease, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300351, P.R. China
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8
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Tenofovir, Another Inexpensive, Well-Known and Widely Available Old Drug Repurposed for SARS-COV-2 Infection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050454. [PMID: 34064831 PMCID: PMC8150375 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading worldwide with different clinical manifestations. Age and comorbidities may explain severity in critical cases and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) might be at particularly high risk for severe progression. Nonetheless, current data, although sometimes contradictory, do not confirm higher morbidity, risk of more severe COVID-19 or higher mortality in HIV-infected people with complete access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). A possible protective role of ART has been hypothesized to explain these observations. Anti-viral drugs used to treat HIV infection have been repurposed for COVID-19 treatment; this is also based on previous studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS-CoV). Among them, lopinavir/ritonavir, an inhibitor of viral protease, was extensively used early in the pandemic but it was soon abandoned due to lack of effectiveness in clinical trials. However, remdesivir, a nucleotide analog that acts as reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, which was tested early during the pandemic because of its wide range of antiviral activity against several RNA viruses and its safety profile, is currently the only antiviral medication approved for COVID-19. Tenofovir, another nucleotide analog used extensively for HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), has also been hypothesized as effective in COVID-19. No data on tenofovir's efficacy in coronavirus infections other than COVID-19 are currently available, although information relating to SARS-CoV-2 infection is starting to come out. Here, we review the currently available evidence on tenofovir's efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.
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Sano T, Kawaguchi T, Ide T, Amano K, Kuwahara R, Arinaga-Hino T, Torimura T. Tenofovir Alafenamide Rescues Renal Tubules in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030263. [PMID: 33806752 PMCID: PMC8005189 DOI: 10.3390/life11030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucles(t)ide analogs (NAs) are effective for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). NAs suppress hepatic decompensation and hepatocarcinogenesis, leading to a dramatic improvement of the natural course of patients with CHB. However, renal dysfunction is becoming an important issue for the management of CHB. Renal dysfunction develops in patients with the long-term treatment of NAs including adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Recently, several studies have reported that the newly approved tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has a safe profile for the kidney due to greater plasma stability. In this mini-review, we discuss the effectiveness of switching to TAF for NAs-related renal tubular dysfunction in patients with CHB.
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