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Lepinay E, Cicchetti F. Tau: a biomarker of Huntington's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4070-4083. [PMID: 37749233 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective treatments for patients with Huntington's disease (HD)-a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe cognitive, motor and psychiatric impairments-is proving extremely challenging. While the monogenic nature of this condition enables to identify individuals at risk, robust biomarkers would still be extremely valuable to help diagnose disease onset and progression, and especially to confirm treatment efficacy. If measurements of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament levels, for example, have demonstrated use in recent clinical trials, other proteins may prove equal, if not greater, relevance as biomarkers. In fact, proteins such as tau could specifically be used to detect/predict cognitive affectations. We have herein reviewed the literature pertaining to the association between tau levels and cognitive states, zooming in on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury in which imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood samples have been interrogated or used to unveil a strong association between tau and cognition. Collectively, these areas of research have accrued compelling evidence to suggest tau-related measurements as both diagnostic and prognostic tools for clinical practice. The abundance of information retrieved in this niche of study has laid the groundwork for further understanding whether tau-related biomarkers may be applied to HD and guide future investigations to better understand and treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lepinay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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2
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Hsu YP, Hsu CW, Chen LF, Liu YK. Methodological flaws in"diagnostic accuracy of blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis". Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101938. [PMID: 37088230 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
We read with interest the review by Chen et al. They intended to examine the diagnostic accuracy of blood-based biomarkers for detecting Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. We believe that there were substantial methodological flaws in their meta-analysis. These methodological flaws included no comprehensive literature search details, neglect of the negative result research, no prespecified cut-off values, erroneous data input in their meta-analysis, and the issue of prevalence determined by the included studies. These factors potentially contributed to overestimation of the discriminative accuracy of blood-based biomarkers. Subsequently, the conclusion that blood-based biomarkers are effective tools for detecting Alzheimer's disease is debatable without correction of these methodological flaws and providing robust and trustworthy estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pin Hsu
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Emergency Department, Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wang Hsu
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Emergency Department, Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Fu Chen
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Emergency Department, Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Kuo Liu
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Emergency Department, Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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Advances in sample preparation and HPLC-MS/MS methods for determining amyloid-β peptide in biological samples: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04631-9. [PMID: 36877264 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurological disorder, is a major public health concern and the most common form of dementia. Its typical symptoms include memory loss, confusion, changes in personality, and cognitive impairment, which result in patients gradually losing independence. Over the last decades, some studies have focused on searching for effective biomarkers as early diagnostic indicators of AD. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides have been consolidated as reliable AD biomarkers and have been incorporated into modern diagnostic research criteria. However, quantitative analysis of Aβ peptides in biological samples remains a challenge because both the sample and the physical-chemical properties of these peptides are complex. During clinical routine, Aβ peptides are measured in the cerebrospinal fluid by immunoassays, but the availability of a specific antibody is critical-in some cases, an antibody may not exist, or its specificity may be inadequate, leading to low sensitivity and false results. HPLC-MS/MS has been reported as a sensitive and selective method for determining different fragments of Aβ peptides in biological samples simultaneously. Developments in sample preparation techniques (preconcentration platforms) such as immunoprecipitation, 96-well plate SPME, online SPME, and fiber-in-tube SPME have enabled not only effective enrichment of Aβ peptides present at trace levels in biological samples, but also efficient exclusion of interferents from the sample matrix (sample cleanup). This high extraction efficiency has provided MS platforms with higher sensitivity. Recently, methods affording LLOQ values as low as 5 pg mL-1 have been reported. Such low LLOQ values are adequate for quantifying Aβ peptides in complex matrixes including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples. This review summarizes the advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods for quantifying Aβ peptides and covers the period 1992-2022. Important considerations regarding the development of the HPLC-MS/MS method such as the sample preparation step, optimization of the HPLC-MS/MS parameters, and matrix effects are described. Clinical applications, difficulties related to analysis of plasma samples, and future trends of these MS/MS-based methods are also discussed.
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Yoon J, Sasaki K, Tateoka K, Arai T, Isoda H, Okura T. Evaluation of Cognitive and Physical Function Among Older Adults by Their Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Kasama Study, Japan. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1801-1812. [PMID: 38007659 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42) level is a biomarker that is widely used to evaluate individual cognitive dysfunction early in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as differentiate between normal cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE Our cross-sectional study evaluated the association between daily exercise and physical and cognitive function and Aβ42 levels among a subsample of 325 older adults from the Kasama Study. METHODS Participants (age: 74.5 [range 65-90] years) were classified into three exercise groups: the dual-task (DEG, n = 128), single-task (SEG, n = 122), and non-exercise (NEG, n = 75) groups. The main outcomes were the plasma Aβ42 levels and the scores of the five cognitive (5-COG) tests and five cognition-related physical function (5-PHYS) tests. RESULTS The Aβ42 levels and 5-COG and 5-PHYS scores were higher in the SEG and DEG than in the NEG. The Aβ42 levels were higher in the DEG than in the NEG (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Physical activities such as regular exercise may benefit older adults, improving their cognitive and physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Yoon
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Korin Tateoka
- Doctoral Program in Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okura
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Korde DS, Humpel C. Western Agarose Native GeELution (WANGEL) with beta-amyloid and tau: Novel method to elute proteins or peptides using native agarose gels followed by Lumipulse assay. MethodsX 2022; 9:101779. [PMID: 35865187 PMCID: PMC9294209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer´s disease is characterized by hyperphosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid plaques. Both molecules can be easily measured in human fluids or tissue extracts by immunoassays. However, the different molecular weight species can only be differentiated on Western Blot gels. Analysis of native proteins from polyacrylamide gels is also not well characterized. Hence, we developed a modified method to elute proteins or peptides from native agarose gels. Initially, full-length tau (60 kDa) and beta-amyloid(42) (4 kDa) were separated on a Western Blot gel and eluted from native agarose gels (WANGEL) using an elution system inside a polypropylene tube. The eluates were analyzed with the Lumipulse immunoassay. Both molecules were successfully eluted into 1% agarose gels to the cathode and were detected in the eluate. Additionally, tau was eluted from mouse cortical extracts, but was below the detection limit when eluted from human cerebrospinal fluid. Beta-amyloid(40) was eluted from CSF extracts and detected by Lumipulse. In cortical extracts taken from transgenic mice (APP_SweDI) beta-amyloid(42) was detectable as a native peptide and small oligomeric aggregates. Taken together, our novel WANGEL method enables fast, easy and cheap elution of protein/peptides from polyacrylamide/agarose gels with a subsequent analysis by Lumipulse immunoassay. Three bullet points:Beta-amyloid and tau are major hallmarks in Alzheimer´s disease and are established cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Lumipulse is a method to measure beta-amyloid and tau in cerebrospinal fluid in the pg/mL range. Western Blot and our novel combined native agarose method (WANGEL) allows an easy and fast determination of the molecular size in combination with Lumipulse.
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Amylin and Secretases in the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070996. [PMID: 35883551 PMCID: PMC9312829 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease remains a prevailing neurodegenerative condition which has an array physical, emotional, and financial consequences to patients and society. In the past decade, there has been a greater degree of investigation on therapeutic small peptides. This group of biomolecules have a profile of fundamentally sound characteristics which make them an intriguing area for drug development. Among these biomolecules, there are four modulatory mechanisms of interest in this review: alpha-, beta-, gamma-secretases, and amylin. These protease-based biomolecules all have a contributory role in the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Moreover, the involvement of various biochemical pathways intertwines these peptides to have shared regulators (i.e., retinoids). Further clinical and translational investigation must occur to gain a greater understanding of its potential application in patient care. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the contemporary literature on these protease biomolecule modulators and determine its utility in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Wu CY, Shapiro L, Ouk M, MacIntosh BJ, Black SE, Shah BR, Swardfager W. Glucose-lowering drugs, cognition, and dementia: The clinical evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104654. [PMID: 35398114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor for dementia. The possibility to mitigate this risk by controlling T2DM is compelling; however, different glucose-lowering drugs have different effects on the brain by virtue of their different mechanisms of action. The clinical and epidemiological data appear mixed, warranting careful critical evaluation of the human studies. Here we examine the evidence in the context of dementia prevention and treatment, both for people with and without T2DM. We discuss the evidence on this scaffold of research directions, identifying methodological complexities in the extant literature (e.g. comparator discrepancies, changes in the therapeutic landscape), and the implications of different outcome measures (e.g. neuropsychological). We consider possible implications of cerebrovascular protection vs. effects on progression of neurodegenerative proteinopathy, and we present a research roadmap for glucose-lowering drugs in cognitive neurology, including neuroimaging, and fluid biomarkers. We conclude that there is great potential to advance personalized strategies to prevent and treat dementia with glucose-lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lila Shapiro
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ouk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baiju R Shah
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Divisions of Endocrinology and Obstetric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Lee J, Kwon S, Jin C, Cho SY, Park SU, Jung WS, Moon SK, Park JM, Ko CN, Cho KH. Traditional East Asian Herbal Medicine Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:174. [PMID: 35215287 PMCID: PMC8874541 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and its treatment is a challenging clinical problem. This review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine for AD treatment. The PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CNKI, OASIS, KTKP, and CiNii databases were searched until June 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on herbal medicine for AD, and a meta-analysis of 57 RCTs was conducted. For cognitive function, herbal medicine significantly improved the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) scores compared with conventional medicine. The MMSE scores showed no significant difference between the groups treated with herbal medicine and donepezil; however, herbal medicine significantly lowered the ADAS-cog score. Acori Graminei Rhizoma-containing and Cnidii Rhizoma-containing herbal medicine significantly improved the MMSE and ADAS-cog scores compared with conventional medicine. Ginseng Radix-containing herbal medicine showed a positive, but not statistically significant, tendency toward improving the MMSE score compared with conventional medicine. Herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly improved the MMSE, ADAS-cog, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores compared with conventional medicine, and herbal medicine with donepezil also significantly improved these scores compared with donepezil. Acori Graminei Rhizoma or Cnidii Rhizoma-containing herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly improved the MMSE and ADAS-cog scores compared with conventional medicine. Ginseng Radix-containing herbal medicine + conventional medicine significantly improved the MMSE score, but not the ADAS-cog score, compared with conventional medicine. For behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, the Neuropsychiatry Inventory (NPI) score was not significantly different between herbal and conventional medicines. Herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly improved the NPI and Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale scores compared with conventional medicine. The NPI score showed no significant difference between the groups treated with herbal medicine and placebo. Furthermore, herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly lowered plasma amyloid beta levels compared with conventional medicine alone. Herbal medicine, whether used alone or as an adjuvant, may have beneficial effects on AD treatment. However, owing to the methodological limitations and high heterogeneity of the included studies, concrete conclusions cannot be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiEun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine Cardiology and Neurology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.L.); (C.J.)
| | - Seungwon Kwon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Chul Jin
- Department of Korean Medicine Cardiology and Neurology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.L.); (C.J.)
| | - Seung-Yeon Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Seong-Uk Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Sang-Kwan Moon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Jung-Mi Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Chang-Nam Ko
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Ki-Ho Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
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Spencer JI, Crane M, Pisa M, Waldman AD, DeLuca GC. Out with the old, in with the new: Could plasma exchange be used to fill a therapeutic gap in neurology? J Neurol Sci 2022; 432:120056. [PMID: 34823869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global tally of neurological disorders is exponentially rising and yet effective therapies for most remain evasive. There is a great deal of research into novel small molecules, immunotherapies and gene therapies to fill this therapeutic gap. We believe greater focus on plasma exchange as a research and clinical tool may provide useful insight into pathological mechanisms and effective treatment strategies. Plasma exchange has been traditionally used to treat antibody-mediated neurological diseases, such as myasthenia gravis and neuromyelitis optica, but there could be much wider future potential uses in neurology. Plasma exchange is not antibody specific, as it also removes a variety of other plasma-soluble factors, including age-related and disease-associated neurotoxic proteins, such as fibrinogen and amyloid. As research develops into the role of blood-brain barrier and immunological alterations in diseases not typically regarded as immune-driven, interest in neurotoxic plasma proteins grows. Here, we highlight that plasma exchange may have uses outside of antibody-mediated neurological diseases, by removing neurotoxic proteins from the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Spencer
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 1 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Maximillian Crane
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 1 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Marco Pisa
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 1 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alex D Waldman
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 1 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 1 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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10
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Jang H, Kim JS, Lee HJ, Kim CH, Na DL, Kim HJ, Allué JA, Sarasa L, Castillo S, Pesini P, Gallacher J, Seo SW. Performance of the plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, measured with a novel HPLC-MS/MS method, as a biomarker of amyloid PET status in a DPUK-KOREAN cohort. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:179. [PMID: 34686209 PMCID: PMC8540152 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background We assessed the feasibility of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 determined using a novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method (LC-MS) as a useful biomarker of PET status in a Korean cohort from the DPUK Study. Methods A total of 580 participants belonging to six groups, Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD, n = 134), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, n = 212), old controls (OC, n = 149), young controls (YC, n = 15), subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI, n = 58), and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA, n = 12), were included in this study. Plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 were quantitated using a new antibody-free, LC-MS, which drastically reduced the sample preparation time and cost. We performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to develop the cutoff of Aβ42/Aβ40 and investigated its performance predicting centiloid-based PET positivity (PET+). Results Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 were lower for PET+ individuals in ADD, aMCI, OC, and SVCI (p < 0.001), but not in CAA (p = 0.133). In the group of YC, OC, aMCI, and ADD groups, plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 predicted PET+ with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.814 at a cutoff of 0.2576. When adding age, APOE4, and diagnosis, the AUC significantly improved to 0.912. Conclusion Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, as measured by this novel LC-MS method, showed good discriminating performance based on PET positivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00911-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hun Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Leticia Sarasa
- Araclon Biotech-Grifols, Vía Hispanidad, 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Castillo
- Araclon Biotech-Grifols, Vía Hispanidad, 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Pesini
- Araclon Biotech-Grifols, Vía Hispanidad, 21, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea. .,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea. .,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Phochantachinda S, Chantong B, Reamtong O, Chatchaisak D. Change in the plasma proteome associated with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) in Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:60. [PMID: 33514370 PMCID: PMC7845120 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder found in senior dogs. Due to the lack of biological markers, CCDS is commonly underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to identify potential plasma biomarkers using proteomics techniques and to increase our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of the disease. Plasma amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) has been seen to be a controversial biomarker for CCDS. Proteomics analysis was performed for protein identification and quantification. RESULTS Within CCDS, ageing, and adult dogs, 87 proteins were identified specific to Canis spp. in the plasma samples. Of 87 proteins, 48 and 41 proteins were changed in the ageing and adult groups, respectively. Several distinctly expressed plasma proteins identified in CCDS were involved in complement and coagulation cascades and the apolipoprotein metabolism pathway. Plasma Aβ42 levels considerably overlapped within the CCDS and ageing groups. In the adult group, the Aβ42 level was low compared with that in the other groups. Nevertheless, plasma Aβ42 did not show a correlation with the Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating scale (CCDR) score in the CCDS group (p = 0.131, R2 = 0.261). CONCLUSIONS Our present findings suggest that plasma Aβ42 does not show potential for use as a diagnostic biomarker in CCDS. The nano-LC-MS/MS data revealed that the predictive underlying mechanism of CCDS was the co-occurrence of inflammation-mediated acute phase response proteins and complement and coagulation cascades that partly functioned by apolipoproteins and lipid metabolism. Some of the differentially expressed proteins may serve as potential predictor biomarkers along with Aβ42 in plasma for improved CCDS diagnosis. Further study in larger population-based cohort study is required in validation to define the correlation between protein expression and the pathogenesis of CCDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sataporn Phochantachinda
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Boonrat Chantong
- Department of Pre-Clinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Chatchaisak
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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12
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Li L, Zhen EY, Decker RL, Willis BA, Waters D, Liu P, Hake AM, Demattos RB, Ayan-Oshodi M. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of LY2599666, a PEG-Linked Antigen Binding Fragment that Targets Soluble Monomer Amyloid-β. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:137-144. [PMID: 30741684 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
LY2599666 is a humanized, affinity-optimized monoclonal antibody antigen-binding fragment linked to a PEG molecule and targets soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) monomers. This first-in-human dose ascending study assessed pharmacokinetics (PK) (measured as serum free LY2599666 concentration) and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects (measured as plasma total soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42) after a single subcutaneous (SC) dose of 10, 25, 100, and 200 mg LY2599666 in healthy subjects. As LY2599666 binds to multiple soluble Aβ monomers, a two-target mediated drug disposition model (TMDD) was developed to simultaneously fit serum LY2599666 concentration and Aβ monomer levels. Four Alzheimer's disease patients completed 25 mg once-weekly dosing of LY2599666 for 12 weeks. In addition, single cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected to assess penetration capability across the blood-brain barrier. PK and PD data collected from the multiple dose cohort aligned with model predictions, suggesting the established TMDD model predicted suppression of soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 in plasma after SC dosing of LY2599666.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peng Liu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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13
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Carvalho AF, Solmi M, Sanches M, Machado MO, Stubbs B, Ajnakina O, Sherman C, Sun YR, Liu CS, Brunoni AR, Pigato G, Fernandes BS, Bortolato B, Husain MI, Dragioti E, Firth J, Cosco TD, Maes M, Berk M, Lanctôt KL, Vieta E, Pizzagalli DA, Smith L, Fusar-Poli P, Kurdyak PA, Fornaro M, Rehm J, Herrmann N. Evidence-based umbrella review of 162 peripheral biomarkers for major mental disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:152. [PMID: 32424116 PMCID: PMC7235270 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature on non-genetic peripheral biomarkers for major mental disorders is broad, with conflicting results. An umbrella review of meta-analyses of non-genetic peripheral biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia, including first-episode psychosis. We included meta-analyses that compared alterations in peripheral biomarkers between participants with mental disorders to controls (i.e., between-group meta-analyses) and that assessed biomarkers after treatment (i.e., within-group meta-analyses). Evidence for association was hierarchically graded using a priori defined criteria against several biases. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) instrument was used to investigate study quality. 1161 references were screened. 110 met inclusion criteria, relating to 359 meta-analytic estimates and 733,316 measurements, on 162 different biomarkers. Only two estimates met a priori defined criteria for convincing evidence (elevated awakening cortisol levels in euthymic BD participants relative to controls and decreased pyridoxal levels in participants with schizophrenia relative to controls). Of 42 estimates which met criteria for highly suggestive evidence only five biomarker aberrations occurred in more than one disorder. Only 15 meta-analyses had a power >0.8 to detect a small effect size, and most (81.9%) meta-analyses had high heterogeneity. Although some associations met criteria for either convincing or highly suggestive evidence, overall the vast literature of peripheral biomarkers for major mental disorders is affected by bias and is underpowered. No convincing evidence supported the existence of a trans-diagnostic biomarker. Adequately powered and methodologically sound future large collaborative studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F. Carvalho
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Marco Solmi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Neuroscience Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marcos Sanches
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,Krembil Centre for NeuroInformatics, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Myrela O. Machado
- grid.417199.30000 0004 0474 0188Division of Dermatology, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Chelsea Sherman
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Yue Ran Sun
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Celina S. Liu
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Andre R. Brunoni
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27) and National Institute of Biomarkers in Psychiatry (INBioN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giorgio Pigato
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Neuroscience Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Brisa S. Fernandes
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Muhammad I. Husain
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Elena Dragioti
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joseph Firth
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Theodore D. Cosco
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Gerontology Research Center, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Maes
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia ,grid.488501.0Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XFlorey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Krista L. Lanctôt
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Eduard Vieta
- grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Psychiatry and Psychology Department of the Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry & McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Lee Smith
- grid.5115.00000 0001 2299 5510The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paul A. Kurdyak
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.418647.80000 0000 8849 1617Canada Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Michele Fornaro
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, Section of Psychiatr, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Addiction Policy, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
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14
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Liu FR, Yang LY, Zheng HF, Zhou Y, Chen BB, Xu H, Zhang YW, Shen DY. Plasma levels of Interleukin 18 but not amyloid-β or Tau are elevated in female depressive patients. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 97:152159. [PMID: 31931428 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with inflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, detailed molecular mechanisms linking mood, neuroinflammation and AD remain unclear. Although changes in peripheral inflammatory factors such as Interleukin 18 (IL18), and AD-associated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides have been linked to depression, a solid relationship between these factors in depressive disorder has yet to be established. This study aims to further determine whether plasma IL18, Aβ40, Aβ42, and the AD-associated tangle component Tau, as well as IL18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be biomarkers for depression. METHODS We measured plasma IL18, Aβ40, Aβ42, and Tau in 64 depressive patients and 75 healthy controls, and characterized genotypes of three IL18 SNPs (rs187238, rs1946518 and rs1946519) in these subjects. Comparisons between depressive patients and controls were carried out in males, in females or in combination. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the correlation between these parameters. RESULTS We found that none of the plasma levels of IL18, Aβ40, Aβ42, and Tau, the ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40, and the genotypes of IL18 SNPs were significantly different between combined depressive patients and combined healthy controls, or between male depressive patients and male controls. However, IL18 levels were less in females than in males in healthy people and were significantly increased in female depressive patients compared to female controls. Moreover, IL18 and standardized IL18 were correlated with standardized Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and standardized Tau in depressive patients. CONCLUSIONS Plasma IL18 may be a potential biomarker for depression in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Rong Liu
- Department of Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen City Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lu-Yin Yang
- Arts College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | | | - Yunqiang Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Xiamen City Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Dong-Yan Shen
- Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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15
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Lue LF, Kuo YM, Sabbagh M. Advance in Plasma AD Core Biomarker Development: Current Findings from Immunomagnetic Reduction-Based SQUID Technology. Neurol Ther 2019; 8:95-111. [PMID: 31833027 PMCID: PMC6908530 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-019-00167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
New super-sensitive biomarker assay platforms for measuring Alzheimer's disease (AD) core pathological markers in plasma have recently been developed and tested. Research findings from these technologies offer promising evidence for identifying the earliest stages of AD and correlating them with brain pathological progression. Here, we review findings using immunomagnetic reduction, one of these ultrasensitive technologies. The principles, technology and assays developed, along with selected published findings will be discussed. The major findings from this technology were significant increases of amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 and total tau (t-tau) levels in subjects clinically diagnosed with early AD when compared with cognitively normal control (NC) subjects. The composite marker of the product of Aβ42 and t-tau discriminated subjects with early AD from NC subjects with high accuracy. The potential of this technology for the purpose of early or preclinical disease stage detection has yet to be explored in subjects who have also been assessed with brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid AD core biomarker measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Fen Lue
- Civin Neuropathology Laboratory, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 West Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical School, 1 Dasyue Road, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Marwan Sabbagh
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Ave, Las Vegas, NV, 89106, USA
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16
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Yang Y, Giau VV, An SSA, Kim S. Plasma Oligomeric Beta Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease with History of Agent Orange Exposure. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2018; 17:41-49. [PMID: 30906391 PMCID: PMC6427972 DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2018.17.2.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE During the Vietnam War, many Korean soldiers were exposed to Agent Orange. Until now, there existed only limited evidence of association between exposure to Agent Orange and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main pathological feature of AD is brain amyloidosis. To explore the pathophysiological characteristic of AD with Agent Orange exposure, we compared newly developed amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomer levels in plasma between AD with Agent Orange exposure and without exposure. METHODS We recruited 48 AD patients with Agent Orange exposure and 66 AD patients without Agent Orange. Using the Multimer Detection System technique, which was based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured Aβ oligomers in the plasma of study subjects. RESULTS Compared to normal control patients, plasma Aβ oligomer levels were higher in AD patients regardless of history of Agent Orange exposure. However, AD patients with Agent Orange exposure showed higher plasma Aβ oligomer levels than AD patients without Agent Orange. DISCUSSION This study showed higher plasma Aβ oligomer levels in AD patients with Agent Orange exposure compared to AD patients without Agent Orange. This finding suggests the possibility of a different pathophysiology of AD patients with Agent Orange exposure from AD patients without Agent Orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungSoon Yang
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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17
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Neergaard JS, Dragsbæk K, Christiansen C, Karsdal MA, Brix S, Henriksen K. Two novel blood-based biomarker candidates measuring degradation of tau are associated with dementia: A prospective study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194802. [PMID: 29641555 PMCID: PMC5895005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Truncated tau appears to be specifically related to disease pathology and recent studies have shown the presence and elevation of several truncated tau species in Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the relevance of truncated Tau measurements in blood is still being studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to assess the longitudinal associations between baseline levels of two novel blood biomarker candidates measuring truncated tau, Tau-A and Tau-C, and the risk of incident dementia and AD in elderly women. METHODS Using solid phase competitive ELISA, two tau fragments were detected in serum of 5,309 women from the Prospective Epidemiological Risk Factor study. The study was an observational, prospective study of Danish postmenopausal women. Subjects were followed with registry-linkage for up to 15 years (median follow-up time 13.7 years). Cox regression was used to assess the utility of the biomarker candidates in relation to dementia and AD. RESULTS High levels of Tau-A and Tau-C (above the median) in blood were associated with lower risk of dementia and AD (Tau-A: Dementia HR[95% CI] = 0.85[0.70-1.04]; AD 0.71[0.52-0.98] and Tau-C: Dementia 0.84[0.70-1.00]; AD 0.78[0.60-1.03]). Tau-C gave a very modest increase in the AUC in a 5-year prediction horizon as compared to a reference model with age and education, while a combination of the two did not improve their predictive capacity. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of tau in serum is feasible. The serological tau turnover profile may be related to the diagnosis and development of dementia and AD. The exact processing and profile in serum in relation to cognitive disorders remains to be further assessed to provide simple non-invasive tests to identify subjects with progressive cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Skov Neergaard
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Katrine Dragsbæk
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Susanne Brix
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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18
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Wu KY, Hsiao IT, Chen CH, Liu CY, Hsu JL, Huang SY, Yen TC, Lin KJ. Plasma Aβ analysis using magnetically-labeled immunoassays and PET 18F-florbetapir binding in non-demented patients with major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2739. [PMID: 29426824 PMCID: PMC5807319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased level of brain amyloid deposition and a decreased level of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42 are currently considered reliable biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the usefulness of plasma Aβ levels are not well-established. This study investigated the relationships between plasma Aβ levels and cerebral amyloidosis in 36 non-demented patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). All participants underwent 18F-florbetapir PET imaging and provided a blood sample at the same time for immunomagnetic reduction assay to measure the plasma levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42. We found inverse associations of the plasma Aβ42 level and the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and a positive association of the plasma Aβ40 level, with cerebral amyloid deposition in the precuneus, parietal and posterior cingulate cortex. Subgroup analyses in subjects with higher 18F-florbetapir uptake values or MDD with amnestic mild cognitive impairment revealed more pervasive relationships of plasma Aβ measures with 18F-florbetapir binding across the brain regions examined. The study suggested that regional brain amyloid deposition in terms of 18F-florbetapir PET uptake had weak-to-moderate associations with plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels, and the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. Validation in a larger population of subjects of known cerebral amyloidosis status is needed. Careful interpretation of plasma data is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yi Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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19
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Oligomeric forms of amyloid-β protein in plasma as a potential blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:98. [PMID: 29246249 PMCID: PMC5732503 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are the major toxic substances associated with the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ability to measure Aβ oligomer levels in the blood would provide simple and minimally invasive tools for AD diagnostics. In the present study, the recently developed Multimer Detection System (MDS) for AD, a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring Aβ oligomers selectively, was used to detect Aβ oligomers in the plasma of patients with AD and healthy control individuals. Methods Twenty-four patients with AD and 37 cognitively normal control individuals underwent extensive clinical evaluations as follows: blood sampling; detailed neuropsychological tests; brain magnetic resonance imaging; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measurement of Aβ42, phosphorylated tau protein (pTau), and total tau protein (tTau); and 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) positron emission tomography. Pearson’s correlation analyses between the estimations of Aβ oligomer levels by MDS and other conventional AD biomarkers (CSF Aβ42, pTau, and tTau, as well as PIB standardized uptake value ratio [PIB SUVR]) were conducted. ROC analyses were used to compare the diagnostic performance of each biomarker. Results The plasma levels of Aβ oligomers by MDS were higher in patients with AD than in normal control individuals, and they correlated well with conventional AD biomarkers (levels of Aβ oligomers by MDS vs. CSF Aβ42, r = −0.443; PIB SUVR, r = 0.430; CSF pTau, r = 0.530; CSF tTau, r = 0.604). The sensitivity and specificity of detecting plasma Aβ oligomers by MDS for differentiating AD from the normal controls were 78.3% and 86.5%, respectively. The AUC for plasma Aβ oligomers by MDS was 0.844, which was not significantly different from the AUC of other biomarkers (p = 0.250). Conclusions Plasma levels of Aβ oligomers could be assessed using MDS, which might be a simple, noninvasive, and accessible assay for evaluating brain amyloid deposition related to AD pathology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0324-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rani P, Krishnan S, Rani Cathrine C. Study on Analysis of Peripheral Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. Front Neurol 2017; 8:328. [PMID: 28769864 PMCID: PMC5509803 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many factors are involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology including tau phosphorylation, amyloid β protein (Aβ) accumulation, lipid dysregulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The markers of these pathological processes in cerebral spinal fluid are used currently for AD diagnosis. However, peripheral biomarkers are the need of the hour for large population screening for AD. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the peripheral levels of redox markers, lipid peroxidation (LPO) indicators, and pathological markers in AD patients. Blood was collected from AD patients (n = 45), controls (n = 45), and analyzed for pathological markers of AD including Aβ42 and tau, LPO, and redox indicators. Plasma Aβ42 was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated while total tau was decreased in AD compared to controls. Hydroxynonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were higher (P < 0.001) in AD patients pointing the enhanced LPO in AD pathology. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis indicated that HNE is a better indicator of LPO compared to MDA. Plasma glutathione (GSH) level was significantly (P < 0.001) low while oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level was higher (P < 0.001) in AD patients with corresponding decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio (P < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated that GSH/GSSG ratio can be used as reliable indicator for redox imbalance in AD with a cutoff value of <8.73 (sensitivity 91.1%, specificity 97.8%). Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation for both HNE and MDA with Aβ42 and a negative correlation with total tau. Negative correlation was observed between GSH/GSSG ratio and LPO markers. While oxidative stress has been implicated in pathology of various neurodegenerative disorders, the present study pinpoints the direct link between LPO and Aβ production in plasma of AD patients. Normally, at low amyloid concentration in body fluids, this peptide shown to function as a strong metal chelating antioxidant. However, when the Aβ production enhanced as in AD, through gain of functional transformation, Aβ evolves into prooxidant, thereby enhancing oxidative stress and LPO. Altered redox status with enhanced LPO observed in AD blood could contribute to the oxidation and S-glutathionylation proteins, which has to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniswamy Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sreeram Krishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
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Alosco ML, Tripodis Y, Jarnagin J, Baugh CM, Martin B, Chaisson CE, Estochen N, Song L, Cantu RC, Jeromin A, Stern RA. Repetitive head impact exposure and later-life plasma total tau in former National Football League players. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2016; 7:33-40. [PMID: 28229128 PMCID: PMC5312499 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Blood protein analysis of total tau (t-tau) may be a practical screening biomarker for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure. We examined plasma t-tau in symptomatic former National Football League (NFL) players compared with controls and the relationship between RHI exposure and later-life plasma t-tau. Methods Ninety-six former NFL players (age 40–69) and 25 same-age controls underwent blood draw to determine plasma t-tau levels. The cumulative head impact index (CHII) quantified RHI exposure. Subjects completed measures of clinical function. Results A higher CHII predicted greater plasma t-tau in the former NFL players (P = .0137). No group differences in plasma t-tau emerged, but a concentration ≥3.56 pg/mL was 100% specific to former NFL players. Plasma t-tau did not predict clinical function. Discussion Greater RHI exposure predicted higher later-life plasma t-tau concentrations, and further study on plasma t-tau as a candidate screening biomarker for CTE is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johnny Jarnagin
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine M Baugh
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Interfaculty Initiative in Health Policy, Harvard University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett Martin
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine E Chaisson
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Linan Song
- Quanterix Corporation, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Luojus MK, Lehto SM, Tolmunen T, Brem AK, Lönnroos E, Kauhanen J. Self-reported sleep disturbance and incidence of dementia in ageing men. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 71:329-335. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-207764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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