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Poksinska B, Wiger M. From hospital-centered care to home-centered care of older people: propositions for research and development. J Health Organ Manag 2024; 38:1-18. [PMID: 38296820 PMCID: PMC10879925 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-03-2023-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Providing high-quality and cost-efficient care of older people is an important development priority for many health and social care systems in the world. This paper suggests a shift from acute, episodic and reactive hospital-centered care toward longitudinal, person-centered and proactive home-centered care. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of a comprehensive development strategy for designing and providing home-centered care of older people. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The study design is based on qualitative research with an inductive approach. The authors study development initiatives at the national, regional and local levels of the Swedish health and social care system. The data collection methods included interviews (n = 54), meeting observations (n = 25) and document studies (n = 59). FINDINGS The authors describe findings related to policy actions and system changes, attempts to achieve collaboration, integration and coordination, new forms of care offerings, characteristics of work settings at home and differences in patients' roles and participation at home and in the hospital. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The authors suggest home-centered care as a solution for providing person-centered and integrated care of older people and give examples of how this can be achieved. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The authors outline five propositions for research and development related to national policies, service modularity as a solution for customized and coordinated care, developing human resources and infrastructure for home settings, expanding services that enable older people living at home and patient co-creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Poksinska
- Department of Management and Engineering, Linkopings
Universitet, Linkoping, Sweden
- Production Development Unit, Region
Ostergotland, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Malin Wiger
- Department of Management and Engineering, Linkopings
Universitet, Linkoping, Sweden
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Otieno P, Agyemang C, Wami W, Wilunda C, Sanya RE, Asiki G. Assessing the Readiness to Provide Integrated Management of Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes in Kenya: Results from a National Survey. Glob Heart 2023; 18:32. [PMID: 37334400 PMCID: PMC10275139 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Integrated chronic disease management is the desired core function of a responsive healthcare system. However, many challenges surround its implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa. The current study assessed the readiness of healthcare facilities to provide integrated management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes in Kenya. Methods We used data from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 258 public and private health facilities conducted in Kenya between 2019 and 2020. Data were collected using a standardised facility assessment questionnaire and observation checklists modified from the World Health Organization Package of Essential Non-communicable Diseases. The primary outcome was the readiness to provide integrated care for CVDs and diabetes-defined as the mean availability of tracer items comprising trained staff and clinical guidelines, diagnostic equipment, essential medicines, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. A cut-off threshold of ≥70% was used to classify facilities as 'ready'. Gardner-Altman plots and modified Poisson regression were used to examine the facility characteristics associated with care integration readiness. Results Of the surveyed facilities, only a quarter (24.1%) were ready to provide integrated care for CVDs and type 2 diabetes. Care integration readiness was lower in public versus private facilities [aPR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.9], and primary healthcare facilities were less likely to be ready compared to hospitals [aPR = 0.2; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.4]. Facilities located in Central Kenya [aPR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.9], and the Rift Valley region [aPR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.9], were less likely to be ready compared to the capital Nairobi. Conclusions There are gaps in the readiness of healthcare facilities particularly primary healthcare facilities in Kenya to provide integrated care services for CVDs and diabetes. Our findings inform the review of current supply-side interventions for integrated management of CVDs and type 2 diabetes, especially in lower-level public health facilities in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Otieno
- Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- African Population and Health Research Center P.O. Box: 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), AHTC, Tower C4, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- African Population and Health Research Center P.O. Box: 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Welcome Wami
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), AHTC, Tower C4, The Netherlands
| | - Calistus Wilunda
- African Population and Health Research Center P.O. Box: 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Richard E. Sanya
- African Population and Health Research Center P.O. Box: 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center P.O. Box: 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sadler E, Khadjesari Z, Ziemann A, Sheehan KJ, Whitney J, Wilson D, Bakolis I, Sevdalis N, Sandall J, Soukup T, Corbett T, Gonçalves-Bradley DC, Walker DM. Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 5:CD013088. [PMID: 37218645 PMCID: PMC10204122 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013088.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing populations globally have contributed to increasing numbers of people living with frailty, which has significant implications for use of health and care services and costs. The British Geriatrics Society defines frailty as "a distinctive health state related to the ageing process in which multiple body systems gradually lose their inbuilt reserves". This leads to an increased susceptibility to adverse outcomes, such as reduced physical function, poorer quality of life, hospital admissions, and mortality. Case management interventions delivered in community settings are led by a health or social care professional, supported by a multidisciplinary team, and focus on the planning, provision, and co-ordination of care to meet the needs of the individual. Case management is one model of integrated care that has gained traction with policymakers to improve outcomes for populations at high risk of decline in health and well-being. These populations include older people living with frailty, who commonly have complex healthcare and social care needs but can experience poorly co-ordinated care due to fragmented care systems. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of case management for integrated care of older people living with frailty compared with usual care. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Health Systems Evidence, and PDQ Evidence and databases from inception to 23 September 2022. We also searched clinical registries and relevant grey literature databases, checked references of included trials and relevant systematic reviews, conducted citation searching of included trials, and contacted topic experts. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared case management with standard care in community-dwelling people aged 65 years and older living with frailty. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We followed standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane and the Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included 20 trials (11,860 participants), all of which took place in high-income countries. Case management interventions in the included trials varied in terms of organisation, delivery, setting, and care providers involved. Most trials included a variety of healthcare and social care professionals, including nurse practitioners, allied healthcare professionals, social workers, geriatricians, physicians, psychologists, and clinical pharmacists. In nine trials, the case management intervention was delivered by nurses only. Follow-up ranged from three to 36 months. We judged most trials at unclear risk of selection and performance bias; this consideration, together with indirectness, justified downgrading the certainty of the evidence to low or moderate. Case management compared to standard care may result in little or no difference in the following outcomes. • Mortality at 12 months' follow-up (7.0% in the intervention group versus 7.5% in the control group; risk ratio (RR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84 to 1.15; I2 = 11%; 14 trials, 9924 participants; low-certainty evidence) • Change in place of residence to a nursing home at 12 months' follow-up (9.9% in the intervention group versus 13.4% in the control group; RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.01; I2 = 0%; 4 trials, 1108 participants; low-certainty evidence) • Quality of life at three to 24 months' follow-up (results not pooled; mean differences (MDs) ranged from -6.32 points (95% CI -11.04 to -1.59) to 6.1 points (95% CI -3.92 to 16.12) when reported; 11 trials, 9284 participants; low-certainty evidence) • Serious adverse effects at 12 to 24 months' follow-up (results not pooled; 2 trials, 592 participants; low-certainty evidence) • Change in physical function at three to 24 months' follow-up (results not pooled; MDs ranged from -0.12 points (95% CI -0.93 to 0.68) to 3.4 points (95% CI -2.35 to 9.15) when reported; 16 trials, 10,652 participants; low-certainty evidence) Case management compared to standard care probably results in little or no difference in the following outcomes. • Healthcare utilisation in terms of hospital admission at 12 months' follow-up (32.7% in the intervention group versus 36.0% in the control group; RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.05; I2 = 43%; 6 trials, 2424 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) • Change in costs at six to 36 months' follow-up (results not pooled; 14 trials, 8486 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), which usually included healthcare service costs, intervention costs, and other costs such as informal care. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found uncertain evidence regarding whether case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings, compared to standard care, improved patient and service outcomes or reduced costs. There is a need for further research to develop a clear taxonomy of intervention components, to determine the active ingredients that work in case management interventions, and identify how such interventions benefit some people and not others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan Sadler
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Alexandra Ziemann
- Department of Social & Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Katie J Sheehan
- School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julie Whitney
- School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Gerontology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dan Wilson
- Department of Clinical Gerontology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Bakolis
- Health Service & Population Research Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Sevdalis
- Centre for Behavioural & Implementation Science Interventions (BISI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jane Sandall
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tayana Soukup
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Corbett
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Dawn-Marie Walker
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Beichler H, Grabovac I, Dorner TE. Integrated Care as a Model for Interprofessional Disease Management and the Benefits for People Living with HIV/AIDS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3374. [PMID: 36834069 PMCID: PMC9965658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Today, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effectively used as a lifelong therapy to treat people living with HIV (PLWH) to suppress viral replication. Moreover, PLWH need an adequate care strategy in an interprofessional, networked setting of health care professionals from different disciplines. HIV/AIDS poses challenges to both patients and health care professionals within the framework of care due to frequent visits to physicians, avoidable hospitalizations, comorbidities, complications, and the resulting polypharmacy. The concepts of integrated care (IC) represent sustainable approaches to solving the complex care situation of PLWH. AIMS This study aimed to describe the national and international models of integrated care and their benefits regarding PLWH as complex, chronically ill patients in the health care system. METHODS We conducted a narrative review of the current national and international innovative models and approaches to integrated care for people with HIV/AIDS. The literature search covered the period between March and November 2022 and was conducted in the databases Cinahl, Cochrane, and Pubmed. Quantitative and qualitative studies, meta-analyses, and reviews were included. RESULTS The main findings are the benefits of integrated care (IC) as an interconnected, guideline- and pathway-based multiprofessional, multidisciplinary, patient-centered treatment for PLWH with complex chronic HIV/AIDS. This includes the evidence-based continuity of care with decreased hospitalization, reductions in costly and burdensome duplicate testing, and the saving of overall health care costs. Furthermore, it includes motivation for adherence, the prevention of HIV transmission through unrestricted access to ART, the reduction and timely treatment of comorbidities, the reduction of multimorbidity and polypharmacy, palliative care, and the treatment of chronic pain. IC is initiated, implemented, and financed by health policy in the form of integrated health care, managed care, case and care management, primary care, and general practitioner-centered concepts for the care of PLWH. Integrated care was originally founded in the United States of America. The complexity of HIV/AIDS intensifies as the disease progresses. CONCLUSIONS Integrated care focuses on the holistic view of PLWH, considering medical, nursing, psychosocial, and psychiatric needs, as well as the various interactions among them. A comprehensive expansion of integrated care in primary health care settings will not only relieve the burden on hospitals but also significantly improve the patient situation and the outcome of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Beichler
- Nursing School, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas E. Dorner
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Academy for Ageing Research, Haus der Barmherzigkeit, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Robertson C, Jones T, Southwell P. “Unchaining the doctor from the desk”: deliberate team-based care in action. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jica-03-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeAs a model of integrated care (IC), deliberate team-based care (DTBC) can help address workforce shortages facing rural communities by improving the health and wellbeing of healthcare providers. This study focuses on a GP practice implementing DTBC in rural Australia. The aim of this research was to understand the perspectives of the healthcare workers involved and to ascertain factors impacting on the day to day running of the model, patient care and clinician work-life. The authors conducted a qualitative study on the experiences of the DTBC workers.Design/methodology/approachTeam members were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews (n = 9). Interviews were analysed using an iterative thematic analysis, summarised, collated and explored for emergent themes.FindingsKey themes included: creating change from old ways of doing things, development and implementation processes outlining how the model evolved and how it ran from day to day, model outcomes for patients and clinicians, as well as practical considerations like funding, technology and time.Originality/valueBuilding DTBC from the ground up has produced a high functioning team who demonstrate trust and equality, share information freely and all have a voice which is heard and respected. By acting as a champion and a leader, the GP has created a psychologically safe environment allowing the team to share knowledge, collaborate in problem solving and provide effective patient care which is holistic and community grounded. This work environment holds promise for creating improved work-life for rural clinicians and potential for workforce retention.
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Hasemann L, Lampe D, Nebling T, Thiem U, von Renteln-Kruse W, Greiner W. Effectiveness of a multi-component community-based care approach for older people at risk of care dependency - results of a prospective quasi-experimental study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:348. [PMID: 35448956 PMCID: PMC9022407 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to demographic changes, the elderly population in western countries is constantly growing. As the risk of functional decline and multimorbidity increases with age, health care systems need to face the challenge of high demand for health care services and related costs. Therefore, innovative health care approaches and geriatric screenings are needed to provide individualised care. This study aims to expand the state of research by investigating the effectiveness of a multi-component care approach for the elderly in a German community setting. Methods A prospective, quasi-experimental study was initiated by statutory health insurance (SHI) companies. The innovative care approach includes a geriatric assessment, a case and network management as well as digital supporting tools and was implemented at the Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (Albertinen Haus, Hamburg-Eimsbuettel). Participants of the intervention were compared to matched controls recruited in comparable urban areas. The primary outcome measure was the progression in long-term care grade during the period of observation (21 months), which was analysed on the basis of SHI claims data. Secondary endpoints were morbidity, mortality and self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured by SF-36. Results Overall, 2,670 patients (intervention group (IG) n=873; control group (CG) n=1,797) were analysed. Logistic regression analysis showed no statistically significant difference in progression of long-term care grade between IG and CG (Odds Ratio (OR)=1.054; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.856-1.296; p-value=0.616). Differentiated analyses indicated an initial effect, which might be attributable to the geriatric assessment. However, an adapted regression model resulted in a reversed but even non-significant effect (OR=0.945; 95% CI 0.757-1.177; p-value=0.619). While secondary analyses of long-term care grade, mortality and HRQoL did not show intervention effects, a statistically significant relative change of 0.865 (95% CI 0.780, 0.960; p-value=0.006) in morbidity indicated a potential benefit for the IG. Conclusions The analyses did not reveal a significant effect of the community-based intervention on the primary outcome and thus we are not able to recommend a transfer into SHI standard care. Tendencies in secondary analyses need to be proved in further research. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, retrospective registration on February 01, 2022 (DRKS00027866). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02923-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hasemann
- AG 5 - Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Bielefeld University, School of Public Health, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - David Lampe
- AG 5 - Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Bielefeld University, School of Public Health, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Nebling
- Department Care Management, Techniker Krankenkasse, Bramfelder Strasse 140, 22305, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thiem
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Albertinen-Haus, Sellhopsweg 18-22, 22459, Hamburg, Germany.,University Medical Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Greiner
- AG 5 - Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Bielefeld University, School of Public Health, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Garattini L, Badinella Martini M, Nobili A. Integrated care in Western Europe: a wise solution for the future? Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2022; 22:717-721. [PMID: 35196951 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2022.2046465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IC is a term commonly adopted across the world underpinning a positive attitude against fragmentation of healthcare service provision. While the principles supporting IC are simple, their implementation is more controversial. AREAS COVERED The growing number of IC definitions is related to the increasing domains of applications, which reflect the increasing demand induced by aging multi-morbid patients. A comprehensive definition of IC should now include the coordination of health and social services useful to deliver continuous care across organizational boundaries. The recent debate on IC is largely influenced by the mismatch between the increasing burden of health and social needs for chronic conditions from the demand side, and the design of health-care systems still focused on acute care from the supply side. EXPERT OPINION The major reasons of persisting IC weakness in European countries stem from arguable choices of health policy taken in the recent past. The political creed in 'market competition' is probably the most emblematic. All initiatives encouraging health-care providers to compete with each other are likely to discourage IC. Since most European GPs are still self-employed professionals working in their own cabinets, the anachronistic professional status of GPs is another historically rooted reason of IC weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Garattini
- Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Nobili
- Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Molassiotis A, Leung AYM, Zhao IY. Call for urgent actions in societies and health systems in the Western Pacific Region to implement the WHO Regional Action Plan on Healthy Ageing. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 69:2374-2377. [PMID: 33905527 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Molassiotis
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Angela Y M Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ivy Y Zhao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR
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Ahmed A, van den Muijsenbergh METC, Mewes JC, Wodchis WP, Vrijhoef HJM. Untangling the inter-relatedness within integrated care programmes for community-dwelling frail older people: a rapid realist review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043280. [PMID: 33895713 PMCID: PMC8074568 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the relationships between the context in which integrated care programmes (ICPs) for community-dwelling frail older people are applied, the mechanisms by which the programmes do (not) work and the outcomes resulting from this interaction by establishing a programme theory. DESIGN Rapid realist review. INCLUSION CRITERIA Reviews and meta-analyses (January 2013-January 2019) and non-peer-reviewed literature (January 2013-December 2019) reporting on integrated care for community-dwelling frail older people (≥60 years). ANALYSIS Selection and appraisal of documents was based on relevance and rigour according to the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards criteria. Data on context, mechanisms, programme activities and outcomes were extracted. Factors were categorised into the five strategies of the WHO framework of integrated people-centred health services (IPCHS). RESULTS 27 papers were included. The following programme theory was developed: it is essential to establish multidisciplinary teams of competent healthcare providers (HCPs) providing person-centred care, closely working together and communicating effectively with other stakeholders. Older people and informal caregivers should be involved in the care process. Financial support, efficient use of information technology and organisational alignment are also essential. ICPs demonstrate positive effects on the functionality of older people, satisfaction of older people, informal caregivers and HCPs, and a delayed placement in a nursing home. Heterogeneous effects were found for hospital-related outcomes, quality of life, healthcare costs and use of healthcare services. The two most prevalent WHO-IPCHS strategies as part of ICPs are 'creating an enabling environment', followed by 'strengthening governance and accountability'. CONCLUSION Currently, most ICPs do not address all WHO-IPCHS strategies. In order to optimise ICPs for frail older people the interaction between context items, mechanisms, programme activities and the outcomes should be taken into account from different perspectives (system, organisation, service delivery, HCP and patient).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Ahmed
- Panaxea, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Primary and Community Care, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Walter P Wodchis
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hubertus J M Vrijhoef
- Panaxea, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Patient and Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Perman G, Prevettoni M, Guenzelovich T, Schapira M, Infantino VM, Ramos R, Saimovici J, Gallo C, Ferré MFC, Scozzafava S, Hornstein L, Garfi L. Effectiveness of a health and social care integration programme for home-dwelling frail older persons in Argentina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE COORDINATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20534345211002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The evidence of effectiveness of integrated care initiatives for home-dwelling frail older persons is still inconclusive. There is a need for more studies, especially in developing countries. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of a health and social care integration programme versus the best standard of care to date in this population. Methods Quasi-experimental study performed in patients' homes in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The intervention arm had a health and social care counsellor that systematically reviewed the social and biological situation following a structured process, evaluating: functionality, nutrition, mobility, pain, cognition, medication reconciliation and adherence, need for care, quality of care, and environmental safety. The control group received the best standard of care to date, with access to the same health or social care services, but without the counsellor and related processes. The main outcome was the adjusted hazard ratio for hospitalizations after one year using a Cox-proportional hazards model. Results We recruited 121 persons in each group. The crude hazard ratio for hospital admissions, comparing the intervention to the control group was 0.622 (95% CI: 0.427–0.904; p = 0.013). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 0.503 (95% CI: 0.340–0.746; p = 0.001). The aHR for death was 0.993 (95% CI: 0.492–2.002; p = 0.984). The absolute difference in the quality of life was 16.59 points (95% CI: 12.03–21.14; p < 0.001). Discussion The integration programme had lower hospital admissions and better quality of life than the usual care. There was no significant difference in death rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Perman
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fonseca-Teixeira SA, Parreira P, Mónico L, Salgueiro-Oliveira A, Amado JC. Referral to the national network of integrated care: the nurses' perception. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2020; 28:e3372. [PMID: 33084775 PMCID: PMC7575240 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3800.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to understand the referral to the National Network of Integrated Continuous Care, from the perspective of nurses who work in this care context. METHOD an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, with data collection between July and September 2019 through interviews with 12 nurses who work in Integrated Continuous Care Teams, in Northern Portugal. The content analysis technique was used to analyze the statements. RESULTS the professionals revealed that there are difficulties and constraints in the process of referring users to the National Network of Integrated Continuous Care. The process is bureaucratic, complex, and time-consuming, conditioning user accessibility to timely care. CONCLUSION the referral process is a very bureaucratic and time-consuming procedure, which not only conditions and delays users' access to the National Network of Integrated Continuous Care network, contributing to the worsening of the clinical status of some patients. The number of professionals is insufficient, inducing the demand for services through urgency. The focus on primary care should seek to improve inequalities in access, compete for more equitable and accessible care, generating more quality in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Parreira
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Unidade de Pesquisa em
Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lisete Mónico
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da
Educação, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Salgueiro-Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Unidade de Pesquisa em
Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Costa Amado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Investigação
Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Porto, Portugal
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Wankah P, Guillette M, Lemaitre T, Belzile L, Couturier Y. Challenges in measuring integrated care models: International knowledge and the case of Québec. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE COORDINATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2053434520945087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The implementation of integrated care models requires significant efforts, especially due to institutional and organisational inertial forces that characterize health and social care systems of developed countries. It is therefore crucial to deploy strategies that promote continuous adjustment to these barriers so as to improve the benefits of integrating care. Measuring the implementation and effects of integrated care models are key component of these strategies. However, measuring integrated care also faces major challenges. This study aims to identify and characterise integrated care measurement challenges. Methods A review of reviews on the measurement of integrated care identified 12 papers. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify and categorize measurement challenges. Document analysis was done on the measurement of an integrated care model for older adults in Québec. Results Eight categories of measurement challenges were identified. These challenges include difficulties in measuring structures, processes, and effects of models; conceptual ambiguity and heterogeneity of organisational forms; involving multiple actors in the measurement strategy; and including multiple data sources, amongst others. These challenges revealed and explained potential gaps in the measurement of integrated care for older adults in Québec. For instance, the Québec measurement strategy did not include effects indicators. Conclusion Although the measurement of integrated care is a complex endeavour, there is a need for adequate measurement strategies that allow to appreciate important elements of integrate care. The findings of this study could be used as a reflexive tool in advancing research and practice of measuring integrated care.
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Marmat G, Jain P. Contingency framework for understanding quality in public and private hospitals of India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MARKETING 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijphm-02-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Health-care delivery organizations (hospitals) constitute a complex adaptive system; hence, a contingency perspective is imperative to guide the design of customized approaches to quality management in different health-care settings. Accordingly, this paper aims to propose a contingency framework to advance the understanding of the relationship between situational factors and effectiveness of quality approaches in health-care organizations (HCOs), such as hospitals in India.
Design/methodology/approach
Related literature was reviewed to identify existing research and theories related to quality and quality approaches, situational factors of the HCOs (hospitals) and some existing logical evidence on public and private hospitals in India. Then a contingencies framework for quality and quality approaches was conceptualized.
Findings
This paper proposes contingent determinants arise out of conceptualization of the HCOs (hospitals) from different system perspective such as rational system, natural system, open system and integrative system; uncertainty because of physicians’ behaviour, nurses’ approach and a dual line of authority; and the task environment such as patients, competition and economic pressure. These determinants represent situational constructs to the quality enhancement of any attempt at quality approaches. While these determinants have an influence on the quality and quality approaches of the HCOs (hospital), it is imperative to build any quality improvement strategy to work effectively, i.e., quality approach is dependent on determinants of the contingencies of the hospital’s environment, be it external or internal. Propositions for future research are also incorporated.
Research limitations/implications
This paper proposes a conceptual model as well as research propositions that need to be validated and confirmed empirically. It advances the research and theory related to quality and quality approaches in a health-care setting. It can enable policymakers, hospital managers to analyze and gauge the appropriateness of quality approaches in a given context before implementing them and could help to improve the introverted quality approaches and quality dimensions currently followed in HCOs (hospitals).
Originality/value
Contingency framework is a new approach for research on the effectiveness of quality approaches in hospitals. The fundamental idea behind this framework is that effectiveness of quality approaches can be understood best by examining its contingent determinants. Thus, it has the capacity to contribute to the efforts of government and policymakers to make the quality of care affordable to all in India. Essentially, we examine the contexts and variables that determine the effectiveness of quality approaches.
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A Survey of Health Services Cost Patterns in Iranian Elderly: A Systematic Review. PAJOUHAN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.52547/psj.17.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Vrijhoef HJM. Implant Files sets our health care systems back at square one. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE COORDINATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2053434518820607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubertus JM Vrijhoef
- Editor-in-Chief
- Department of Patient & Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Panaxea, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice and Chronic Care, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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