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Kibria MG, Kabir R, Rahman US, Ahmed S, Amin SMS, Rahman MM, Arafat SMY. Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among COVID-19 survivors in Dhaka city. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1280245. [PMID: 38322144 PMCID: PMC10844488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1280245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health concern. Evidence shows that depression and anxiety are common among patients with COVID-19 after recovery. About one-third of the total COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh have been reported in Dhaka city. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among COVID-19 survivors in Dhaka city as well as to identify the factors associated with these mental health conditions. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among a total of 384 COVID-19 survivors aged 18 years or older. Data collection was done through face-to-face and telephone interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scales were used to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of depression and anxiety among patients recovered from COVID-19. Results The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety was 26.0% and 23.2%, respectively among COVID-19 survivors. The respondents who were ≥60 years were 2.62 and 3.02 times more likely to report depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively than those aged 18 to 39 years. Hospitalised patients recovered from COVID-19 had a 2.18 times higher chance of developing anxiety than their non-hospitalised counterparts. COVID-19 recovered patients with comorbidities were at 3.35 and 2.97 times higher risk of depression and anxiety, respectively compared to those without comorbidities. Similarly, the respondents who had already passed a period of 15 days to 3 months after recovery showed 3.06 and 1.85 times higher odds of depression and anxiety, respectively than those who had already passed a period of above 3 to 6 months after recovery. Conclusion The study reported a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among COVID-19 survivors living in Dhaka city. The findings suggest the need for appropriate interventions to reduce mental health complications in COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Golam Kibria
- Department of Research, Centre for Development Action, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Russell Kabir
- Department of Research, Centre for Development Action, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Allied Health, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Ummay Salma Rahman
- Department of Research, Centre for Development Action, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Upstream Lab, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - SM Sayadat Amin
- Department of Research and Publication, Bangladesh Medical Research Council, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - SM Yasir Arafat
- Department of Research, Centre for Development Action, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Kabir R, Bai ACM, Syed HZ, Hasan MR, Vinnakota D, Kar SK, Singh R, Sathian B, Arafat SY. The effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of the people in the Indian subcontinent: A scoping review. Nepal J Epidemiol 2023; 13:1268-1284. [PMID: 37692909 PMCID: PMC10484499 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v13i2.52766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Indian subcontinent has high mental heath burden and low resources to cope the mental health challenges. Assessment of impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health would help to prioritize the resource allocations. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of people in the Indian subcontinent. Following the PRISMA 2020 guideline, a scoping review was performed by systematically searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases to identify original studies that assessed mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Indian subcontinent. In this review, a total of 34 studies conducted between 2020 and 2022 were analyzed. The prevalence of anxiety disorders was found to range widely, from 2.5% in North Indian urban slum to 53% in Bangladesh and 21.7% in Pakistan. Similarly, the prevalence of depression varied widely, with rates ranging from 3.5% in North India to 29.8% in Pakistan. The prevalence of stress-related problems ranged from 18.3% in Pakistan to 59.7% in Bangladesh. Factors such as female gender, married status, healthcare workers, and mental illness were identified as important predictors of anxiety and depressive disorders. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in Indian subcontinent varies widely based on study population and methods. Therefore, a cautious interpretation is needed while generalizing the study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Ancy Chandrababu Mercy Bai
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Haniya Zehra Syed
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Md. Rakibul Hasan
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Vinnakota
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, University of Sunderland London, UK
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow-226003, U.P., India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Research, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal (TPO Nepal), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Brijesh Sathian
- Geriatrics and long term care department, Rumailah Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - S.M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka-1340, Bangladesh
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Uddin M, Shawpnil K, Mugdha SBS, Ahmed A. A Statistical Synopsis of COVID-19 Components and Descriptive Analysis of Their Socio-Economic and Healthcare Aspects in Bangladesh Perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 2023:9738094. [PMID: 36815185 PMCID: PMC9940984 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9738094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work is to analyze the socio-economic and healthcare aspects that arise in the contemporary COVID-19 situation from Bangladesh perspective. We elaborately discuss the successive COVID-19 occurrences in Bangladesh with consequential information. The components associated with the COVID-19 commencement and treatment policy with corresponding features and their consequences are patently delineated. The effect of troublesome issues related to the treatment is detailed with supporting real-time data. We elucidate the applications of modern technologies advancement in epidemiological aspects and their existent compatibility in Bangladesh. We statistically analyze the real-time data through figurative and tabular approaches. Some relevant measures of central tendency and dispersion are utilized to explore the data structure and its observable specifications. For a clear manifestation, Z- scores of the COVID-19 components are analyzed through the Box-Whisker plot. We have discovered that the gathered data exhibit features that are unsatisfactory for the normal distribution, are highly positively skewed, and are predominated by the earliest occurrences. Infections and deaths were initially lower than the global average, but they drastically rose in the first quarter of 2021 and persisted for the remainder of the year. Substantial preventive results were produced by the region-wisetime-worthy moves. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the infections and deaths noticeably decreased, and the number of recoveries was highly significant. In the middle of 2022, a lethal rise in infections was observed in Bangladesh and that was quickly stabilized, and the pandemic ingredients were under control. According to our assessment, some concluding remarks are made at the end of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Uddin
- Institute of Natural Sciences, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Shawpnil
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ashek Ahmed
- Institute of Natural Sciences, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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Carola V, Vincenzo C, Morale C, Pelli M, Rocco M, Nicolais G. Psychological health in COVID-19 patients after discharge from an intensive care unit. Front Public Health 2022; 10:951136. [PMID: 36033791 PMCID: PMC9411785 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.951136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with physical changes, psychological changes are detectable in patients with COVID-19. In these patients, the stressful experience of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization may aggravate psychological conditions. Our study examines the short- and long-term psychological consequences of COVID-19 in ICU patients. COVID-19 patients completed the self-rating questionnaires Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS), Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and were clinically interviewed 1 and 6 months after discharge. Altered behavioral-psychological symptoms and patients' strategies (adaptive vs. maladaptive) for coping with stress during and after hospitalization were coded during clinical interviews. Between 20 and 30% of patients showed moderate symptoms of depression or anxiety and perceived stress 1 and 6 months after discharge. Sleep problems, difficulty concentrating, confusion in placing events, and fear of reinfection were observed in many (6-17%) patients. At 6 months, only 7% of patients showed PTSD symptoms, and 50% showed post-traumatic growth in the "appreciation of life" sub-scale. Finally, 32% of subjects were classified as "maladaptive coping patients," and 68% as "adaptive coping patients." Patients who adopted "adaptive" coping strategies showed significantly lower levels of anxious-depressive symptoms and perceived stress when compared to subjects with "maladaptive" strategies at both time points. Coping strategy had no effect on PTSD symptoms or post-traumatic growth at 6 months. These findings clarify the short- and long-term psychological effects of intensive care due to COVID-19 infection and demonstrate that patient characteristics, particularly strategies for coping with stress, seem to play a critical role in psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Carola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Vincenzo
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Morale
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pelli
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Rocco
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Nicolais
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Vallone F, Cattaneo Della Volta MF, Mayor Silva LI, Monroy AM, Galletta M, Curcio F, Zurlo MC. The COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire: Validation in Spanish university students from health sciences. Health Psychol Open 2022; 9:20551029221135293. [PMID: 36382140 PMCID: PMC9647230 DOI: 10.1177/20551029221135293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire (CSSQ), a 7-item tool assessing COVID-19-related stressors among university students, namely, Relationships and Academic Life, Isolation, and Fear of Contagion. Participants were 331 Spanish university students. Factor analyses sustained the three factor solution of the original tool. Data also revealed satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity, suitable internal consistency, and significant associations with psychological symptoms, as measured by the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. The Spanish version of the CSSQ represents a valid tool to be used in clinical settings to timely identify students at high psychological risk and to develop evidence-based interventions during/after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vallone
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico
II, Italy
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory,
Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico
II, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Cattaneo Della Volta
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico
II, Italy
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory,
Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico
II, Italy
| | | | | | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Felice Curcio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and
Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Clelia Zurlo
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory,
Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico
II, Italy
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Amin MA, Ahmed M, Nahin S, Kakoly NS. Assessment of Depression and Anxiety Among Admitted People With Heart Disease Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study in a Bangladeshi Population During the COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:895224. [PMID: 35873273 PMCID: PMC9302201 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.895224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and anxiety are widespread and chronic among patients with heart disease. We wanted to determine the proportion of heart patients with depression and anxiety levels as well as factors contributing toward depression and anxiety among hospitalized heart disease patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the COVID-19 era. METHODS The study comprised a total of 384 participants with a confirmed heart disease diagnosis. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 5th March to 27th June 2021. The hospital-based study admitted patients sequentially with a new or pre-existing heart disease diagnosis to one of Dhaka's two leading hospitals. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale screened all individuals for depression and anxiety. RESULT Most of the respondents (88.2%) were male and within the age categories of 51-60 years (32.81%). 96.6% of the patients were married, 30% had no income, 36.6% had only completed classes 1-5, and ~47% resided in rural areas. Approximately 36% of the study participants were former smokers, with 31% current smokers. Borderline abnormal and abnormal levels of anxiety and borderline abnormal and abnormal levels of depression were found in (23.9%, 49.4%) and (55.7%, 13.3%), respectively, of hospitalized patients. Age, residence, profession, monthly income, and chronic disease were significant predictors of anxiety, while only gender remained significantly associated with depression. CONCLUSION Hospitalized Bangladeshi patients with heart disease had moderate levels of depression and anxiety. There is a need to develop a quick screening approach in hospitals dealing with hospitalized patients with heart disease to identify those needing extra evaluation and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ashraful Amin
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Public Health Professional Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohsin Ahmed
- Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Nahin
- Department of Physiology, Green Life Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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