Challenges Facing Family Caregivers of Children With Disabilities During COVID-19 Pandemic in Palestine

COVID 19 Pandemic Experiences Among Caregivers of Persons with Intellectual Disability

An online survey on experiences of 47 caregivers of persons with intellectual disability during COVID 19 pandemic was carried out to find out their experiences, with the aim to understand the focus areas of challenges, so as to organise need-based support systems. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. The participants belonged to different states of India with varied socio-economic backgrounds. The results revealed that most of them experienced challenges in supporting persons with intellectual disability. Many found online classes beneficial, while some caregivers had difficulty in keeping the person occupied or managing challenging behaviour. Some caregivers were happy to get more time to spend with the person with intellectual disability at home. The outcome of this study suggests that irrespective of the background, the families faced challenges, the needs were varied and therefore specific efforts are to be taken to support the families so that they are prepared.

Impact of Child and Family Factors on Caregivers' Mental Health and Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece

Although primary caregivers of children with developmental disabilities (DDs) experience higher levels of distress than primary caregivers of typically developing children do, this problem has received limited attention in Greece. Therefore, this study examined mental health and associated factors among primary caregivers of children with and without DDs in Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study included 156 participants. Primary caregivers completed a self-report survey on sociodemographic characteristics, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Primary caregivers of children with DDs, particularly mothers, reported more mental health problems and higher levels of psychological distress than the control group. Among families parenting a child with disabilities, caregivers' psychological distress was significantly related to having a child with autism spectrum disorder and the severity of the child's behavioral difficulties. Significant predictors of caregivers' distress were the parent being female, the child being male, a single-parent family, a lower income, and higher depressive symptoms. Caregivers raising children with DDs face unique challenges in terms of care, necessitating the development of family-based interventions to improve the social-emotional well-being and overall quality of life for both parents and children.

Adolescents with disabilities and caregivers experience of COVID-19 in rural Nepal

Introduction

Intersecting vulnerabilities of disability, low socio-economic status, marginalization, and age indicate that adolescents with disabilities in low-and middle-income countries were uniquely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, there has been limited research about their experience. We conducted participatory research with adolescents with disabilities in rural, hilly Nepal to explore their experience of the pandemic and inform understanding about how they can be supported in future pandemics and humanitarian emergencies.

Methods

We used qualitative methods, purposively sampling adolescents with different severe impairments from two rural, hilly areas of Nepal. We collected data through semi-structured interviews with five girls and seven boys between the age of 11 and 17 years old. Interviews used inclusive, participatory, and arts-based methods to engage adolescents, support discussions and enable them to choose what they would like to discuss. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 caregivers.

Results

We found that adolescents with disabilities and their families experienced social exclusion and social isolation because of COVID-19 mitigation measures, and some experienced social stigma due to misconceptions about transmission of COVID-19 and perceived increased vulnerability of adolescents with disabilities to COVID-19. Adolescents who remained connected with their peers throughout lockdown had a more positive experience of the pandemic than those who were isolated from friends. They became disconnected because they moved away from those they could communicate with, or they had moved to live with relatives who lived in a remote, rural area. We found that caregivers were particularly fearful and anxious about accessing health care if the adolescent they cared for became ill. Caregivers also worried about protecting adolescents from COVID-19 if they themselves got ill, and about the likelihood that the adolescent would be neglected if the caregiver died.

Conclusion

Contextually specific research with adolescents with disabilities to explore their experience of the pandemic is necessary to capture how intersecting vulnerabilities can adversely affect particular groups, such as those with disabilities. The participation of adolescents with disabilities and their caregivers in the development of stigma mitigation initiatives and strategies to meet their needs in future emergencies is necessary to enable an informed and inclusive response.

Lack of freedom predicted poor self-reported health among family caregivers of children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe

AIM

We aim to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-reported health and quality of life among family caregivers of children with disabilities across Europe.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

METHODS

Data from the survey by the Eurocarers and IRCCS-INRCA were used. The data were collected between November 2020 and March 2021 from 16 European countries. Data analysis was done using regression analysis to identify family caregivers' self-reported health and well-being predictors.

RESULTS

This study included 289 caregivers. The mean age of children was 12 years. Their family caregiver's mean age was 44, and they were mainly women. Experience of lack of freedom predicted family caregivers' poor self-reported health and quality of life. Children's interrupted health and social services also predicted family caregivers' poor self-reported mental well-being. Longitudinal evidence on the pandemic's effects and a diverse view of family caregivers of children with disabilities are needed to plan effective post-pandemic health services and nursing practice. No Patient or Public Contribution.

A Survey of the Challenges Faced by Individuals with Disabilities and Unpaid Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected many individuals. In particular, it is likely that individuals with disabilities and unpaid caregivers were disproportionately affected, however, its exact impact is largely unknown. The primary objective of this work was to identify challenges faced by individuals with disabilities and unpaid caregivers. A secondary objective was to identify potential solutions to the major challenges experienced by both populations. Two surveys were administered online to individuals with disabilities and unpaid caregivers, respectively between September 2020 and January 2021. We used an inductive thematic analysis within an interpretivist paradigm to analyze survey responses. A total of 111 survey responses were collected amongst both surveys. Separate thematic maps were created for individuals with disabilities and unpaid caregivers, and maps were drawn to compare challenges. Potential solutions to mitigate the challenges experienced by both populations include revising financial assistance programs and improving awareness of support programs that are available.

Lockdown in France: Impact on Families of Young Children With Special Needs

Background

Families with young children have faced serious challenges during the first lockdown as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to remote working, parents have had to monitor their children’s schoolwork and manage their daily lives. When one of the children also has neuro-developmental disorders, this results in an increased burden. We can therefore wonder how these families with one or more young children (under 6 years old) with special needs have experienced and dealt with this lockdown.

Aim of the Study

In this context, the “COVJEUNENFANT” study focused more specifically on the subjective experience, as a parent, of those who cared for children with special needs (i.e., with developmental disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, proven disabilities or chronic health conditions) compared to the general population. We wished to see if the consequences of the health crisis were significantly different from those perceived by respondents in the general population (n = 490) and if the sociodemographic structure of these families differed from those of other respondents.

Methods

Ninety three French families with at least one child under 6 years old and one with developmental difficulties or a chronic illness, from a cohort of 490 control families, participated in a web-based survey during the first lockdown, from the 28th April 2020 to 29th May 2020.

Results

After presenting the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, the results show that these French families (n = 93) are less wealthy than the control population “without special needs” (n = 397), have felt more pressures originating from their environment (families, friends, colleagues, media, social networks…), have suffered from more health issues (other than COVID-19), have taken more measures to protect themselves (social-distancing), and were less likely to feel happy. A significantly larger number of them lamented the lack of free time and voiced a larger need for information regarding children’s education. However, their parental role was felt as being more satisfying and their family relations strengthened more than in the general population of participants.

Conclusion

It is apparent that urgent prioritisation is needed in order to support and care for these families by continuing to provide care for their children in one way or another, and by ensuring that their need to adapt again does not exceed their own abilities and resources, especially as young children, who have high levels of requirements, are present in the home.

Characteristics and perceptions of telerehabilitation consultations by neuropediatric physical therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought a strong discussion about telerehabilitation, especially in countries where its practice was not allowed previous the pandemic. In the neuropediatric rehabilitation field evidence of the effectiveness of this modality of assistance and data about provider and family’s perceptions are scarce. Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of telerehabilitation physical therapy consultations for children with neurological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic and report the perceptions of physical therapists about this modality of assistance. Methods: An online survey was created and administered to Brazilian neuropediatric physical therapists. The survey consisted of demographics data, questions about the characteristics of telerehabilitation consultations, and physical therapists’ perception of telerehabilitation assistance. Results: From July to September 2020, 394 physical therapists responded to the questionnaire. The most of them took 21 to 30 minutes per telemonitoring session (26.9%), offered one session per week (61.0%), and used electronic messages as the main method of delivery (39.9%). The main difficulty reported was caregivers’ lack of understanding about handling during sessions (41.2%) and problems with internet connection (16.7%). Additionally, most of them reported that it is highly important important to provide healthcare via telerehabilitation to the economically disadvantaged. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide insight into the complex and challenging process of telerehabilitation assistance during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the reported challenges, telerehabilitation can be an opportunity to better understand children’s activities and participation in home context.