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Cheng X, Qin M, Chen R, Jia Y, Zhu Q, Chen G, Wang A, Ling B, Rong W. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.: A Promising Pharmaceutical Resource for Multiple Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:6221. [PMID: 37687049 PMCID: PMC10488440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) is widely distributed in the desert areas of the world. The fruit bodies of C. colocynthis are recognized for their wide range of nutraceutical potential, as well as medicinal and pharmaceutical uses. The plant has been reported for various uses, such as asthma, bronchitis, cancer, colic, common cold, cough, diabetes, dysentery, and jaundice. The fruit has been extensively studied for its biological activities, which include insecticide, antitumor, and antidiabetic effects. Numerous bioactive compounds have been reported in its fruit bodies, such as essential oils, fatty acids, glycosides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Of these, flavonoids or caffeic acid derivatives are the constituents associated with the inhibition of fungal or bacterial growth, whereas eudesmane sesquiterpenes or sesquiterpene lactones are most active against insects, mites, and nematodes. In this review, the scientific evidence for the biological activity of C. colocynthis against insecticide, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic effects is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Minni Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Rongrong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Yunxia Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Guangtong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
| | - Bai Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Weiwei Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (X.C.)
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Sindhu HA, Afzal M, Shahid I. Pharmacological Activities and In-Silico Studies of Bioactive Compounds Identified in Organic Fractions of the Methanolic Extract of Citrullus Colocynthis. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231187357. [PMID: 37435595 PMCID: PMC10331210 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231187357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been extensively exploited for their immense pharmacological and immune-supporting potential. Fruit of Citrullus colocynthis has several active secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, and essential oils that are used in traditional medicines as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents. In this study, phytoconstituents in organic fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) of the methanolic extract of C. colocynthis were analyzed and identified by FT-IR, HPLC, and GC-MS analysis. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant scavenging (76 ± .769%) and anti-inflammatory (40 ± .473%) activities at the concentration of 3 mg/mL. Similarly, antidiabetic effect was measured by inhibition of α-amylase where, ethyl acetate fraction (77 ± .844%) exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity. Among all organic fractions, ethyl acetate exhibited strong antimicrobial potential followed by n-hexane and chloroform fractions against selected pathogenic bacteria. Various concentrations of the ethyl acetate extract were tested in-vivo for cytotoxicity and results indicated minor morphological changes in liver cells including ballooning, fatty droplets, and slight accumulation of extracellular matrix even at concentrations of 400 mg/kg. In-silico study showed that stigmasta-7,16-dien-3-ol had a strong interaction with COX-1 and COX-2 to reduce inflammation. The abovementioned results indicate the pharmacological strengths of C. colocynthis to fight several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Akram Sindhu
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Izzah Shahid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Rajizadeh MA, Aminizadeh AH, Esmaeilpour K, Bejeshk MA, Sadeghi A, Salimi F. Investigating the effects of Citrullus colocynthis on cognitive performance and anxiety-like behaviors in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:343-355. [PMID: 33848216 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1916743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diabetes can impair cognitive performance and lead to dementia. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are reported with different levels of cognitive dysfunctions in various cognitive domains ranging from general intellectual testing to specific deficits with visuospatial abilities, motor speed, writing, attention, reading, and psychomotor efficiency. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Citrullus colocynthis on cognitive functions.Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar rats (3-4 months old and weighing 200-250 g) were tested in the current study. Rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups of control, Diabetes, and Diabetes + Drug. The diabetic rats received Citrullus colocynthis extraction orally. The behavioral tests included the open field, elevated plus maze (EPM), novel object recognition (NOR), passive avoidance tests, and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests. Data were analyzed using student and paired t-tests via SPSS software version 16.Results: Our results showed the protective effects of Citrullus colocynthis administration against cognitive impairments. This is followed by STZ-induced diabetes in the MWM, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tasks. Also, it was found that Citrullus colocynthis improved anxiety in diabetic rats.Conclusion According to the findings of this study, the administration of 200 mg/kg C. colocynthis once per day for 40 days can lead to ameliorated cognitive impairments and antidiabetic effects such as increasing body weight and decreasing FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Hashem Aminizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fouzieh Salimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Siang LH, Arulsamy A, Yoon YK, Shaikh MF. Fruits for Seizures? A Systematic Review on the Potential Anti-Convulsant Effects of Fruits and their Phytochemicals. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1925-1940. [PMID: 34517803 PMCID: PMC9886799 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210913120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a devastating neurological disorder. Current anti-convulsant drugs are only effective in about 70% of patients, while the rest remain drug-resistant. Thus, alternative methods have been explored to control seizures in these drug-resistant patients. One such method may be through the utilization of fruit phytochemicals. These phytochemicals have been reported to have beneficial properties such as anti-convulsant, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, some fruits may also elicit harmful effects. This review aims to summarize and elucidate the anti- or pro-convulsant effects of fruits used in relation to seizures in hopes of providing a good therapeutic reference to epileptic patients and their carers. Three databases, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, were utilized for the literature search. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 40 articles were selected for critical appraisal in this review. Overall, the extracts and phytochemicals of fruits managed to effectively reduce seizure activities in various preclinical seizure models, acting mainly through the activation of the inhibitory neurotransmission and blocking the excitatory neurotransmission. Only star fruit has been identified as a pro-convulsant fruit due to its caramboxin and oxalate compounds. Future studies should focus more on utilizing these fruits as possible treatment strategies for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Address correspondence to this author at the Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Tel/Fax: +60 3 5514 4483; E-mail:
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Li QY, Munawar M, Saeed M, Shen JQ, Khan MS, Noreen S, Alagawany M, Naveed M, Madni A, Li CX. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (Bitter Apple Fruit): Promising Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Effects, Aspects, and Potential Applications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:791049. [PMID: 35145403 PMCID: PMC8821906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Health consciousness and increased knowledge about the side effects of synthetic drugs have enhanced interest in traditional medicines. Medicinal plants offer cures for various diseases, leading to improved living standards. This has brought ethnomedicinal studies into the spotlight and increased demand for herb-based medicines. Citrullus colocynthis is an herbaceous plant containing an abundance of nutrients that play a key role in the improvement of wellbeing. C. colocynthis has many biological properties, such as antioxidative, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, gastrointestinal tract, reproduction, protection, anti-microbial, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antineoplastic, profibrinolytic, anti-allergic, pesticidal, and immune-stimulatory. There are numerous bioactive compounds like cucurbitacin, flavonoids, and polyphenols in C. colocynthis that give it medicinal properties. Herein, we have extensively compiled, reviewed, and analyzed significant information on C. colocynthhis from the best published available evidence in PubMed, Scopus (Embase), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, etc. Scientific literature evidenced that owing to the bioactive constituents, including cucurbitacin, polyphenols, flavonoids, and other potent molecules, C. colocynthis has many pharmacological and physiological functions. It possesses multi-beneficial applications in treating various disorders of humans and animals. So, the primary purpose of this comprehensive review is to provide an overview of the findings of positive impacts and risks of C. colocynthis consumption on human health, especially in poultry and veterinary fields. In the future, this narrative article will be aware of discoveries about the potential of this promising natural fruit and its bioactive compounds as the best nutraceuticals and therapeutic drugs in veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yuan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Mahzaib Munawar
- Department of Poultry and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Poultry and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ji-Qiang Shen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Khan
- Department of Poultry and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Asadullah Madni
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Chang-Xing Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Anticonvulsant effects of Squill Oxymel(A traditional formulation) in Mice. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Perveen S, Ashfaq H, Ambreen S, Ashfaq I, Kanwal Z, Tayyeb A. Methanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis suppresses growth and proliferation of breast cancer cells through regulation of cell cycle. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:879-886. [PMID: 33424379 PMCID: PMC7785449 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer related deaths in women worldwide. Available treatments pose serious limitations such as systemic toxicity, metastasis, tumor recurrence, off-target effects, and drug resistance. In recent years, phytochemicals such as secondary metabolites due to their effective anticancer potential at very low concentration have gained attention. Aim of the study was to evaluate anticancer potential of Citrullus colocynthis and its possible molecular targets on MCF-7, a human breast cancer cell line. Methanolic extract of leaves was prepared and fractionated by solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) with increasing polarity. Bioassays and gene expression regulation was conducted to evaluate the anticancer activity, proliferation rate and cell cycle regulation of breast cancer cells treated with extract and its fractions, separately. Results showed a significant anticancer activity of methanolic extract of C. colocynthis and two of its fractions prepared with chloroform and ethyl acetate. Bioassays depicted significant decrease in proliferation and growth potential along with cell cycle arrest of treated cells compared to control untreated cells. Expression regulation of genes further confirmed the cell cycle arrest through significant upregulation of cyclin-CDK inhibitors (p21 and p27) and cell cycle checkpoint regulators (HUS1, RAD1, ATM) followed by downregulation of downstream cell cycle progression genes (Cyclin A, Cyclin E, CDK2). It is concluded that C. colocynthis arrests cell cycle in human breast cancer cells through expression regulation of cyclin-CDK inhibitors and with further research can be proposed for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Perveen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hanfa Ashfaq
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Ambreen
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Isbah Ashfaq
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asima Tayyeb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Rostami N, Mosavat SH, Heydarirad G, Arbab Tafti R, Heydari M. Efficacy of topical
Citrullus colocynthis
(bitter apple) extract oil in chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy: A pilot double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2685-2691. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nematollah Rostami
- Clinical Research and Development Center at Shahid Modarres HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Ghazaleh Heydarirad
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Roya Arbab Tafti
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant ProtectionAgriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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Degola F, Marzouk B, Gori A, Brunetti C, Dramis L, Gelati S, Buschini A, Restivo FM. Aspergillus flavus as a Model System to Test the Biological Activity of Botanicals: An Example on Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrad. Organic Extracts. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050286. [PMID: 31121811 PMCID: PMC6563254 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrader is an annual plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, widely distributed in the desert areas of the Mediterranean basin. Many pharmacological properties (anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, analgesic, anti-epileptic) are ascribed to different organs of this plant; extracts and derivatives of C. colocynthis are used in folk Berber medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases-such as rheumatism arthritis, hypertension bronchitis, mastitis, and even cancer. Clinical studies aimed at confirming the chemical and biological bases of pharmacological activity assigned to many plant/herb extracts used in folk medicine often rely on results obtained from laboratory preliminary tests. We investigated the biological activity of some C. colocynthis stem, leaf, and root extracts on the mycotoxigenic and phytopathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus, testing a possible correlation between the inhibitory effect on aflatoxin biosynthesis, the phytochemical composition of extracts, and their in vitro antioxidant capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Degola
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Belsem Marzouk
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Antonella Gori
- Tree and Timber Institute (IVALSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Tree and Timber Institute (IVALSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
- Department of Agriculture, Environment, Food and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Lucia Dramis
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Stefania Gelati
- Department of Packaging, Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry (SSICA), Viale Tanara 31/A, 43121 Parma, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Center for Molecular and Translational Oncology, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesco M Restivo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Khan AW, Khan AU, Shah SMM, Ullah A, Faheem M, Saleem M. An Updated List of Neuromedicinal Plants of Pakistan, Their Uses, and Phytochemistry. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6191505. [PMID: 30941198 PMCID: PMC6420976 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6191505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost every region of Pakistan is stacked with a large number of medicinal plants. Due to high cost and unavailability of allopathic medicines for the neurological diseases, especially in rural areas, traditional healers prescribe phytotherapy for various neurological diseases like epilepsy, depression, anxiety, insomnia, Alzheimer, and migraine. Such treatments are considered to be most effective by the native people. METHODS The data was collected from articles published on medicinal plants of various districts of Pakistan, using article search engines like Medline, Pubmed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Also, information regarding various neurological uses and mode of applications of medicinal plants was obtained from traditional healers, folk medicine users, and local elderly people having knowledge of medicinal plants. RESULTS A total of 54 families were found to be used in various neurological diseases, of which the highest use was of Solanaceae (22.22%), Asteraceae (12.96%), Lamiaceae, Papaveraceae, and Poaceae, 9% each, and Caprifoliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rhamnaceae, and Rosaceae, 5.5% each. According to districts, 15% of plants that were effective in neurological affections were found in Bahawalpur, 11% in Swat, 8% in Muzaffarabad, 7% in Malakand, and 6% in Bahawalnagar, Dir, Gilgat, and Sarghoda each, with 5% in Dera ghazi khan and Jhelum each. According to the plant's habit, out of total of 103 plants, 61.15% were found to be herbs, 22.33% trees, 11.65% shrubs, and 4.85% climbers. According to the part used of plant, whole plant, leaves, fruits, roots, seeds, and flowers were found to be used 32.03%, 24.27%, 20.38%, 16.50%, 13.59%, and 11.65%, respectively. According to disease's types, 45.63% were found to be effective in insomnia, 31.06% in epilepsy 12.62% in depression, 6.80% in anxiety, 7.77% in hysteria, and 5.88% in migraine. CONCLUSION Taking into consideration this useful knowledge on medicinal properties of the plants for curing neurologic diseases, it is believed that research in areas of ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology can bring auspicious results that have potential of adding value to the very rich natural resources of Pakistan. This study will help all the researchers from diverse backgrounds working on plants based medicine for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arif-ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aziz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-ninth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2016 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Abolhasanzadeh Z, Ashrafi H, Badr P, Azadi A. Traditional neurotherapeutics approach intended for direct nose to brain delivery. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:116-123. [PMID: 28733193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nasal delivery systems have a significant role in Persian traditional medicine. Most of them were utilized for central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. In modern medicine, nasal drug delivery systems for brain delivery are highly regarded. AIM OF THE STUDY Despite recent advances in drug delivery to the (CNS), delivery of therapeutics to the brain remains a major challenge because of the blood brain barrier (BBB). There are several mechanisms which regulate the drug transfer across the BBB. Local administration methods of therapeutic agents are often associated with adverse events, while the intranasal pathway has been suggested as a non-invasive alternative route to deliver drugs to the brain. This route can bypass the BBB and deliver drug molecules directly to the CNS. There are different nasal formulations have been addressed in Persian traditional pharmacopeias. The present review attempt to explore the famous and practical Qarabadin to find ancient nasal dosage forms. MATERIALS AND METHODS With an explore on traditional herbs in google scholar, scopus and science direct, we have found some original and review articles which have demonstrated our findings on the use of traditional herbs for CNS disorders. Four encyclopedia of multi-component formulations, including Qarabadin Salehi (1766), Qarabadin kabir (1781),Qarabadin Ghaderi (18th century), and Qarabadin Azam (1853), were searched for nasal formulations having CNS-related indications. Formulations were categorized based on dosage forms, and also, diseases which they were suggested for. While the names of illnesses were in ancient terminology of Traditional Medicine, they were translated to modern medical terminology by comparing their definitions, signs, and symptoms from two medical systems. Typical samples of each dosage form have been mentioned with details like amount of ingredients, scientific names of plants, and considerations pertaining to preparation or usage. RESULTS Among all traditional nasal formulations, seven types were found that is used for sicknesses relating to CNS including Saoot, Nafookh, Atoos, Nashoogh, Shamoom, Lakhlakheh, and Bakhoor. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study reveal the physicochemical characteristics of each formulation, route of administration, and type of disease which they are suitable and also present some famous formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Abolhasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parmis Badr
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Phytopharmaceutical Technology and Traditional Medicine Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Nejad SR, Motevalian M, Fatemi I, Shojaii A. Anticonvulsant Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Alpinia officinarum Rhizomesin Mice: Involvement of Benzodiazepine and Opioid Receptors. J Epilepsy Res 2017; 7:33-38. [PMID: 28775953 PMCID: PMC5540688 DOI: 10.14581/jer.17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological conditions. The current therapeutic treatment of epilepsy with modern antiepileptic drugs is associated with side effects, dose-related and chronic toxicity, and teratogenic effects and in approximately 30% of the patients is ineffective. Alpinia officinarum is used in Iranian traditional medicine for treatment of different diseases like back pain and seizure. Methods In this study, anticonvulsant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Alpinia officinarum rhizomes were examined by using pentylentetrazole (PTZ) model in mice. Alpinia officinarum rhizomes extract (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg), diazepam (1 mg/kg) and normal saline (10 mL/kg) were injected (ip) 30 minutes before PTZ (90 mg/kg, ip). The time taken before the onset of clonic convulsions, the duration of colonic convulsions, and the percentage of seizure and mortality protection were recorded. For further clarification of the mechanism of action for Alpinia officinarum, flumazenil (2 mg/kg, ip) and naloxone (5 mg/kg, ip) were also injected 5 minutes before Alpinia officinarum extract. Results Alpinia officinarum extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg prolonged the time of onset of seizure and decreased the duration of seizures compared to control (saline) group (p < 0.05). At the dose of 600 mg/kg, percentage of seizure protection was 16.66%. Naloxone and flumazenil could suppress anticonvulsant effects of Alpinia officinarum. Conclusions It seems that Alpinia officinarum could be a good candidate and be useful for seizure control and treatment, and in these effects, opioid and benzodiazepine receptors might probably be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Rezvani Nejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Asie Shojaii
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine and School of Traditional Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Salehi M, Setayesh M, Mokaberinejad R. Treatment of Recurrent Ovarian Cysts and Primary Infertility by Iranian Traditional Medicine: A Case Report. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2016; 22:374-377. [PMID: 27932523 PMCID: PMC5871164 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216681937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a medical and psychosocial problem with a high prevalence. There are different treatments for this problem in Iranian traditional medicine. A 28-year-old woman presented with the complaints of 4 emergency operations of the left ovarian cyst during 4 years and infertility. Diagnostic laparoscopy showed an ovarian cyst, adhesion, and endometriosis. Hysteroscopy was unremarkable. After 2 months of letrozole administration, the ovarian cyst ruptured again. Considering the failure of conventional treatments, Iranian traditional medicine products were administered to the patient. After 3 months, the patient conceived and delivered a healthy boy through normal vaginal delivery. These compounds may help with pregnancy as a uterine tonic, vitalizer, and aphrodisiac with brain and cardiac tonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Salehi
- 1 Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Setayesh
- 1 Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Mokaberinejad
- 2 Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rashidian A, Farhang F, Vahedi H, Dehpour AR, Ejtemai Mehr S, Mehrzadi S, Rezayat SM. Anticonvulsant Effects of Lippia citriodora (Verbenaceae) Leaves Ethanolic Extract in Mice: Role of GABAergic System. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:97. [PMID: 27563433 PMCID: PMC4977972 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.187251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lippia citriodora Kunth is one of the Iranian traditional medicines for the treatment of convulsive disorders. The goal of this study is to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of the plant's leave ethanolic extract against electro- and chemoconvulsant-induced seizures in mice. Methods: The anticonvulsant activity of the extract (200, 400, 800 mg/kg, per os, p.o.) was investigated in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizures in mice. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) and phenytoin (25 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) were used as reference drugs. In addition, for investigating the role of GABAergic system, flumazenil (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was also injected before L. citriodora. Results: The extract had not any toxicity and significantly decreased the duration and increased the latency of the seizures induced by PTZ (90 mg/kg). In the MES test, L. citriodora displayed statistically significant reduction in hind limb tonic extension duration in a nondose-dependent manner. Flumazenil reversed the anticonvulsant activity of the plant's extract in the PTZ model. Conclusions: The results propose that L. citriodora leave ethanolic extract has anticonvulsant activity against convulsive disorders. It seems that this plant's extract generates its antiseizure effect through GABAergic system potentiation. Further studies will be needed in order to investigate the exact mechanisms of it. Moreover, one may conclude that the present results are in accordance with the positive effect of L. citriodora extract to treat convulsion mentioned in old Iranian literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forogh Farhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Vahedi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Ejtemai Mehr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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