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Choi UY, Patterson P, Chinho N. Reducing the Burdens of Paid Caregivers of Older Adults by Using Assistive Technology: A Scoping Review. West J Nurs Res 2024; 46:315-326. [PMID: 38420931 PMCID: PMC10955782 DOI: 10.1177/01939459241234233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paid caregivers are needed to support older adults, but caregiver burden contributes to high turnover rates. Assistive technologies help perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and can reduce caregiver burden, but little is known about how they impact paid caregivers. OBJECTIVE This scoping review provides an overview of evidence on using assistive technology to reduce burdens on paid caregivers working with older adults. DESIGN The review was conducted from May to August 2022. The eligibility criteria included: (1) publication within 5 years in peer-reviewed journals, (2) investigation of assistive technology, (3) main participants include paid caregivers supporting older adults, and (4) describing impacts on caregiver burden. Searches were conducted in 6 databases, generating 702 articles. The charted data included (1) country of study, (2) participant care roles, (3) study design, (4) main outcomes, and (5) types of assistive technology. Numerical description and qualitative content analysis of themes were used. RESULTS Fifteen articles reporting on studies in 9 countries were retained for analysis. Studies used a variety of quantitative (8/15), qualitative (5/15), and mixed (2/15) methods. Technologies studied included grab bars and handrails, bidet seats, bed transfer devices, sensor and monitoring systems, social communication systems, and companion robots. Articles identified benefits for reducing stress and workload, while paid caregivers described both positive and negative impacts. CONCLUSIONS Literature describing the impact of assistive technology on paid caregivers who work with older adults is limited and uses varied methodologies. Additional research is needed to enable rigorous evaluation of specific technologies and impacts on worker turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Yeong Choi
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Patterson
- AGE-WELL National Innovation Hub APPTA, Department of Community and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Norma Chinho
- AGE-WELL National Innovation Hub APPTA, Department of Community and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- AGE-WELL National Innovation Hub APPTA, Department of Community and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Cinkay J. A tailored, interdisciplinary, multicomponent approach to decreasing workers' compensation claims and costs in a hospital system: A retrospective study. J Healthc Risk Manag 2023; 43:19-26. [PMID: 37639438 DOI: 10.1002/jhrm.21554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
GOAL Healthcare is the leading profession for risk of injury with workers face a number of potential risk factors leading to musculoskeletal disorders. One method to promote safety for healthcare workers is with body mechanics training and ergonomics. Evidence suggests multicomponent interventions are required for successful safe patient handling programs. While numerous studies have considered interventions for nurses and nursing programs, few have targeted both patient handling and non-patient handling employees simultaneously in a healthcare setting. Our main objective is to describe the implementation of a tailored multicomponent program (TMP) to address the needs of each department within a healthcare setting and examine the percentage of subsequent claims and overall costs reported. METHODS The TMP was designed to combine department specific and employee specific evaluations and interventions to address workplace needs for all employees. Physical therapists implemented a combination of tailored hands on inservices, orientations, ergonomic assessments, physical therapy screens, return to work appointments, and education sessions over a period of six years. By tailoring the approach for each department, the TMP could focus on employee safety and environmental awareness, ultimately lower the risk of injury, claims and costs. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Results demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in workers' compensation claims and overall costs in the years following the implementation of the TMP. Changes were immediate and continued over several years, indicating the effectiveness of the TMP. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Healthcare continues to be the most dangerous profession, with workers facing risk of injury from a number of possibilities. The TMP effectively addressed those risks. As the health care institution grew and evolved, so, too, did the TMP, altering itself and the needs and risks for each department changed. Interdisciplinary collaboration and communication were key to the success of the program. Continued reassessment is required to address the changing needs and institutional growth to ensure future success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Cinkay
- Advanced Clinician, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA
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Tsuji S, Tsujimura H, Shirahoshi SI, Taoda K, Kitahara T. Effects of different bed heights on the physical burden of physiotherapists during manual therapy: an experimental study. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2023; 61:213-221. [PMID: 35675989 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2022-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of physiotherapists' physical burden caused by different bed heights during manual therapy. Thirty-three male physiotherapists performed tasks simulating lumbar massage and passive hip abduction range-of-motion exercise (ROM) on the beds with low height (LH) and adjusted height (AH), with each task performed three times. The anterior inclination angle of the physiotherapist's trunk was measured, the surface electromyograms of the erector spinae and trapezius muscles were recorded, and perceived stress was assessed. The indexes obtained were statistically compared for different bed heights. Additionally, the lumbar disc compression force and flexion torque were estimated. The lumbar burden caused by the excessive bending and the biomechanical burden and perceived stress were stronger at LH than AH. In ROM tasks using the right hand, the muscle activity was lower at the left lumbar region at LH than at AH. At LH, the anterior inclination angle increased and the lumbar muscle activity declined as the number of tasks increased. The burden on the shoulders was not significantly different by bed heights. Our results showed that, when physiotherapists perform manual therapy, it is necessary to adjust the bed height to reduce physical burden and ensure higher quality of service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Tsuji
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Hiroji Tsujimura
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Shirahoshi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bukkyo University, Japan
| | - Kazushi Taoda
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Biwako Professional University of Rehabilitation, Japan
| | - Teruyo Kitahara
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
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Greenhalgh M, Blaauw ER, Crytzer T, Deepak N, Grindle GG, Koontz AM, Cooper RA. Comparison of trunk mechanics and spatiotemporal outcomes in caregivers using a robotic assisted transfer device and a mobile floor lift. J Spinal Cord Med 2023; 46:45-52. [PMID: 34505828 PMCID: PMC9897759 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1961071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare trunk mechanics, distance covered, and average instantaneous velocity and acceleration recorded with caregivers performing transfer tasks using a research mannequin with both a prototype robotic assisted transfer device (RATD) and a mobile floor lift. DESIGN Cross-Sectional. SETTING Biomechanics Lab and Human Engineering Research Laboratories. PARTICIPANTS Caregivers (N = 21). INTERVENTION Robotic Assisted Transfer Device. OUTCOME MEASURES Range of flexion-extension, lateral bend, and axial rotation; distance covered; average instantaneous velocity and acceleration. RESULTS Caregivers performing transfers using the RATD as compared to when using the moble floor lift reported significantly smaller range of trunk flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, and reported lower pelvic based distance covered and slower average instantaneous velocity and acceleration (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The design and usability of a RATD indicates design driven mobility advantages over clinical standard mobile floor lifts due to its ability to expand the workspace while further reducing risk factors for low back pain. While the concept is promising, further testing is required to address limitations and confirm the concept for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Greenhalgh
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, US Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Correspondence to: Mark Greenhalgh, Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15206, USA.
| | - Eline R. Blaauw
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, US Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Theresa Crytzer
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, US Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikitha Deepak
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, US Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garrett G. Grindle
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, US Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alicia M. Koontz
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, US Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rory A. Cooper
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, US Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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ALHazim SS, Al-Otaibi ST, Herzallah NH. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Ergonomic Hazards Among Healthcare Workers in a Saudi Government Hospital. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1771-1778. [PMID: 36042943 PMCID: PMC9420414 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s371361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affecting healthcare workers (HCWs) must be considered and addressed as a serious issue. Thus, it is important to incorporate ergonomics into clinical practice to prevent MSDs. The objectives of this study were to investigate HCWs’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ergonomics in a large governmental healthcare facility. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in which the participants were interviewed to complete a validated four-section questionnaire (demographic data, knowledge, attitudes, and practice information related to ergonomics). The questionnaire was newly self-developed based on a literature review and was pilot tested after development. Results This study included 273 HCWs. Their average knowledge score regarding ergonomics was 2.6, or “fair to good.” Overall, the participants reported good attitude scores, with a total average score of 1 and 2, or “agree to strongly agree.” The findings also indicated that appropriate ergonomics practices were often not implemented, as the average practice score was 1 to 2, or “always to sometimes engaging in bad practice.” The risk factors of being Saudi, being a woman, and having low academic achievement were associated with poor knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to ergonomics among HCWs. Conclusion This study showed that the majority of the participants had fair knowledge and good attitudes toward ergonomics at work while practicing. However, the practice of ergonomics at work was not implemented. It is important to apply ergonomics at work to prevent MSDs; therefore, ergonomic principles should be included in the undergraduate health curriculum for all HCWs, with emphasis on practicing ergonomics in their routine clinical work. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/MwBHVcSCFTY
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukainah S ALHazim
- Occupational Health Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan T Al-Otaibi
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal H Herzallah
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Shutters ST. Modelling long-term COVID-19 impacts on the U.S. workforce of 2029. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260797. [PMID: 34852022 PMCID: PMC8635400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While ensuring employment opportunities is critical for global progress and stability, workers are now subject to several disruptive trends, including automation, rapid changes in technology and skill requirements, and transitions to low-carbon energy production. Yet, these trends seem almost insignificant compared to labor impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. While much has been written about the pandemic's short-term impacts, this study analyzes anticipated long-term impacts on the labor force of 2029 by comparing original 2029 labor projections to special COVID-adjusted projections recently published by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Results show that future demand for nearly every type of labor skill and knowledge will increase, while the nature of work shifts from physical to more cognitive activities. Of the nearly three million jobs projected to disappear by 2029 due to COVID, over 91% are among workers without a bachelor's degree. Among workers with a degree demand shifts primarily from business-related degrees to computer and STEM degrees. Results further show that the socialness of labor, which is important for both innovation and productivity, increases in many more industries than it decreases. Finally, COVID will likely accelerate the adoption of teleworking and slightly decrease the rate of workforce automation. These impacts, combined with a shift to more cognitive worker activities, will likely impact the nature of workforce health and safety with less focus on physical injuries and more on illnesses related to sedentary lifestyles. Overall, results suggest that future workers will need to engage more often in training and skill acquisition, requiring life-long learning and skill maintenance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shade T. Shutters
- School of Complex Adaptive Systems, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Global Climate Forum, Berlin, Germany
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Ezzatvar Y, Calatayud J, Andersen LL, Escriche-Escuder A, Aguilar M, Casaña J. The Importance of Lifestyle Factors for Work Ability among Physical Therapists: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136714. [PMID: 34206412 PMCID: PMC8297068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle factors such as smoking, sedentarism, low physical activity levels, and overweight are associated with poor health, and they can potentially influence work ability. However, it remains unknown which lifestyle habits are associated with work ability among physical therapists (PTs). The aim of this study was to examine the associations between smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, sitting time, and physical activity levels with work ability among PTs utilizing a nationwide questionnaire. Associations were modeled using logistic regression controlled for various confounders. Overweight, sitting >150 min/day, and <75 min/week of leisure-time vigorous physical activity were associated with lower work ability among PTs. Further, the existence of two unhealthy habits showed a weak-to-moderate positive association with lower work ability scores (Model 1: OR, 2.21, 95% CI = 1.16–4.22; Model 2: OR, 2.32, 95% CI, 1.18–4.54), with even stronger associations when three unhealthy habits (Model 1: OR = 3.30, 95% CI, 1.58–6.86; Model 2: OR, 3.34, 95% CI, 1.54–7.26) or four unhealthy habits (Model 1: OR = 8.91, 95% CI, 2.55–31.1; Model 2: OR = 8.20, 95% CI, 2.15–31.2) were present. In conclusion, overweight, low physical activity, and sedentarism were associated with lower levels of work ability, especially when ≥2 unhealthy lifestyle factors were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Ezzatvar
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (Y.E.); (A.E.-E.); (J.C.)
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (Y.E.); (A.E.-E.); (J.C.)
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-625577509
| | - Lars L. Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Adrian Escriche-Escuder
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (Y.E.); (A.E.-E.); (J.C.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Marta Aguilar
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jose Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (Y.E.); (A.E.-E.); (J.C.)
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Kulich HR, Bass SR, Griscavage JS, Vijayvargiya A, Slowik JS, Koontz AM. An ergonomic comparison of three different patient transport chairs in a simulated hospital environment. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 88:103172. [PMID: 32678780 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare caregiver muscle activation and joint angles between two ergonomic transport chairs designed to mitigate discomfort and safety risks associated with patient transport, the Stryker® Prime TC and the Staxi® Medical Chair, and a depot wheelchair. Twenty-three caregivers completed level walking and ramped tasks with each device and an 84 kg manikin. Surface electromyography for the upper extremities and back muscles and motion data were collected. The Staxi showed a statistical trend for higher wrist extensor and flexor carpi ulnaris activity compared to the Stryker chair (p ≤ 0.078) and greater wrist flexion than the Stryker and depot chairs (p ≤ 0.004). The depot chair showed greater peak trunk flexion than the Stryker chair (p = 0.004). Overall results suggest that ergonomic chair design may improve joint positioning of the trunk and elbows when operating patient transport chairs over level and ramped surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailee R Kulich
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah R Bass
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan S Slowik
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alicia M Koontz
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Gupta A, Wilkerson GB, Sharda R, Colston MA. Who is More Injury‐Prone? Prediction and Assessment of Injury Risk. DECISION SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/deci.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Gupta
- Department of Systems & TechnologyHarbert College of Business, Auburn University 405 West Magnolia Ave. Auburn Al 36849
| | - Gary B. Wilkerson
- Graduate Athletic Training Program University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Avenue – Department 6606 Chattanooga TN 37403
| | - Ramesh Sharda
- Watson Graduate SchoolSpears School of Business, Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74074
| | - Marisa A. Colston
- Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of Tennessee Chattanooga Metro Building – Dept 6606, 615 McCallie Avenue Chattanooga TN 37403
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Oranye NO, Bennett J. Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal injuries in health care workers: the implications for work disability management. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:355-366. [PMID: 28756736 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1361552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To compare the prevalence of musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal injuries in a cohort of workers in Manitoba health care sector, who made injury claims between 2002 and 2012. A retrospective study, using secondary data from WCB Manitoba. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios for nature of work-related injuries among different groups of workers. Idiopathic work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) constituted 74.6% of all the injury claims. Injury risks varied between worker groups, and a significant difference was found within the female group, χ2 = 13.4, p = 0.0094, but not among the males. Compared to the married, single workers were more likely to experience traumatic than idiopathic injuries (OR = 1.72, CI, 1.28, 2.29), and much higher risk of traumatic injuries than non-WMSD (OR = 1.93, CI, 1.31, 2.84). Work-related injury risks vary significantly across occupations and worker groups, with idiopathic injuries being higher in high physical tasks. Practitioner Summary: To compare musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal injuries among workers in health care sector, and explore the implications for work disability management. Retrospective study, using workers' compensation claims data. The risk of idiopathic work-related musculoskeletal disorders continue to be high compared to traumatic and non-musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in tasks that involved high physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Ositadimma Oranye
- a Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Jayson Bennett
- a Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
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