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Congiu P, Carta MG, Perra A, Cantone E, Lorrai S, Pintus E, Tusconi M, Cossu G, Redolfi S, Sancassiani F. Prevalence and Risk by Age and Sex of Sleep Dysregulation and Depressive Episodes in Bipolar and Depressive Disorders in a Community Survey in Sardinia, Italy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4870. [PMID: 39201012 PMCID: PMC11355541 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Sleep disturbances often accompany mood disorders and persistent insomnia after mood symptoms have resolved may be a marker of poor outcome. The association between sleep symptoms and mood disorders seems to change with age and sex. This study aims to assess the frequency of depressive episodes and sleep disorders in the general population through an agile screening questionnaire and to evaluate the association of depressive episodes and sleep symptoms by sex and age categories. Methods: 774 women and 728 men from Sardinia aged > 16 years old were enrolled. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was administered through a computer-assisted telephonic interview. Results: The frequency of depressive episodes was double in women (10.6% vs. 4.4%; p < 0.0001), with the highest values in women > 75 yo (17.4%). The frequency of sleep dysregulation was double in women (18.7% vs. 9.6%; p < 0.0001), with the highest values in women > 75 yo (35.9%) and the lowest in the group of men > 75 yo. The group of young males showed the lowest frequency of depressive episodes (1.4%) and a frequency of sleep dysregulation (9.1%) similar to that of the other groups of age and sex. Sleep dysregulation without depressive episodes presented a higher distribution in the elderly, both in males (20.7%) and in females (18.5%). No significative differences were found across sex and age groups in the distribution of depressive episodes without sleep dysregulation. Conclusions: The use of an agile screener such as PHQ9 in the general population and/or in populations at risk can be a valuable tool in finding those individuals in whom sleep dysregulation may represent an early warning signal, one that may be thoroughly evaluated to identify and treat possible sleep disorders early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Congiu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Sleep Disorder Research Center, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (P.C.); (S.R.)
- Sleep Outpatient Service, Clinica Tommasini di Jerzu, 08044 Jerzu, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Alessandra Perra
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Elisa Cantone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Stefano Lorrai
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Elisa Pintus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | | | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Stefania Redolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Sleep Disorder Research Center, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (P.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (M.G.C.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
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Yeo H, Lee J, Jeon S, Hwang Y, Kim J, Lee S, Kim SJ. Moderating effect of shift work on sleep and depression in individuals at high risk of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 359:206-214. [PMID: 38777266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Zeitgeber Theory posits that disruptions in social rhythms can increase susceptibility to bipolar disorder (BD). Shift work (SW) is one of the external factors that cause instability in social rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle. This study evaluated the moderating influences of SW on the risks of BD and sleep-related parameters and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, we evaluated the specific work schedules including daytime, nighttime, and regular and irregular rotating SW. METHODS An online survey was administered to 6665 participants, with 3379 (50.7 %) classified as individuals with high scores of Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). The survey included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). RESULTS A multivariate regression model revealed significant interactive effects of MDQ positivity and SW on PSQI, ISI, and CES-D scores, but not ESS scores. In a secondary analysis of the high MDQ screen group, daytime workers had lower scores in sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms compared to those engaged in other forms of SW. LIMITATIONS Online surveys were accessible voluntarily, leading to potential selection bias. Cross-sectional data identified associations, not causal relationships. Only a self-reported questionnaire was used. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the advantages of a daytime work schedule for individuals at high risk of BD. In accordance with the principles of social rhythm interpersonal therapy, sleep interventions for individuals at high risk of BD should include the maintenance of a consistent daytime schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Yeo
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjee Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jichul Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Somi Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Primavera D, Fornaro M, Carrà G, Romano F, Aviles Gonzales CI, Preti A, Sancassiani F, Cossu G, Nardi AE, Scano A, Orrù G, Chessa E, Floris A, Piga M, Cauli A, Carta MG. Mood Disorder Questionnaire Positivity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Chronic Diseases including Screen Bipolar Disorders or Rhythm and Energy Dysregulation Syndromes (DYMERS). Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2024; 20:e17450179303653. [PMID: 39135945 PMCID: PMC11318155 DOI: 10.2174/0117450179303653240705051227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Introduction This study explores the issue of paper-and-pencil screening tests for bipolar disorder, often leading to false positives. It discusses hypotheses that connect MDQ positivity with sleep disorders, a decline in health-related quality of life, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mood disorders. The study proposes that MDQ identifies a "Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome" (DYMERS), indicating a stress-related condition. It aims to investigate the association between MDQ positivity and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in comparison to other chronic disorders. Methods This case-control study, conducted from April 2019 to February 2020, investigated MDQ positivity in patients with SLE. Ethical approvals were obtained, and statistical analysis was used for data assessment. Results This is a case-controlled study where MDQ positivity was significantly higher in systemic lupus erythematosus cases than controls. The analysis compared gender, age, and the presence of depressive episodes between MDQ-positive and MDQ-negative cases, revealing some differences but no significant variations. Interestingly, no association with high prednisone or biologics use was observed. The frequency of MDQ positivity in systemic lupus erythematosus was compared to other chronic pathologies, revealing varying associations with each condition. Conclusion This study reveals a high rate of (MDQ) positivity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), associated with the risk of bipolar disorder in SLE. Notable discrepancies in MDQ positivity risk factors between SLE and bipolar disorder are observed. The study emphasizes the ability of MDQ to identify a distinct syndrome characterized by rhythm dysregulation, posing a risk for bipolar disorder and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy Section of Psychiatry, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzales
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy Section of Psychiatry, Cagliari, Italy
- Nursing Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar, Colombia
| | - Antonio Preti
- Laboratory Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry (Ipub), Federal University of Rio De Janeiro (Ufrj), Rio De Janeiro 22725, Brazil
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy Section of Psychiatry, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy Section of Psychiatry, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Chessa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Alberto Floris
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy Section of Psychiatry, Cagliari, Italy
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Primavera D, Cantone E, Cannizzaro GM, Sanna C, Redolfi S. Are Depressive Symptoms in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Attributable to a Syndrome of Dysregulation of Rhythms and Hyperactivity (DYMERS)? J Clin Med 2024; 13:4396. [PMID: 39124663 PMCID: PMC11312976 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated airway obstructions during sleep, causing hypopnea, apnea, intermittent hypoxia, and sleep fragmentation. The severity of OSA is measured using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), with AHI ≥ 5 indicating OSA. This study aims to assess the frequency and type of depressive disorder characteristics of OSA patients and to evaluate the impact on quality of life, also considering the presence of hyperactivity. Methods: A case-control study using OSA patients referred to Cagliari's sleep disorder center. Controls were matched by age and sex from community databases. OSA diagnoses were made with AHI > 15. Depressive episodes were identified using BDI-SF, and H-QoL (Health related Quality of Life) was measured with the SF-12, focusing on item 10 for hyper-energy. Results: The clinical sample (n = 25) had a higher frequency of depressive episodes (36%) compared to controls (7% and 4%). Depressed OSA patients had worse H-QoL and higher hyper-energy scores, but the additional burden from depression was relatively low. Conclusions: The OSA sample has a higher frequency of depressive episodes compared to the general population. Depressive episodes in OSA patients are linked to higher scores on item 10 of the SF-12, indicating hyper-energy despite lower overall quality of life scores. While OSA significantly impacts quality of life, the additional burden from depression is less severe than in other chronic diseases. These findings suggest that depressive episodes in OSA may be related to rhythm dysregulation and hyperactivity (DYMERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Blocco I (CA), 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Elisa Cantone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Blocco I (CA), 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Gregorio Marco Cannizzaro
- Research Center of Sleep Disorders, University Hospital D. Casula Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Sanna
- Research Center of Sleep Disorders, University Hospital D. Casula Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Stefania Redolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Blocco I (CA), 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (S.R.)
- Research Center of Sleep Disorders, University Hospital D. Casula Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.M.C.); (C.S.)
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Atzeni M, Carta MG, Primavera D, Aviles Gonzales CI, Galletta M, Marchegiani S, Carboni G, Sancassiani F, Nonnis M, Urban A, Cantone E, Nardi AE, Preti A. Reliability and Factor Structure of the Well-Being and Respect for Human Rights Questionnaire in Measuring Caregivers' Perception. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2024; 20:e17450179310030. [PMID: 39130187 PMCID: PMC11311724 DOI: 10.2174/0117450179310030240703061409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background This study has investigated perceptions of respect for users' rights among informal caregivers in mental healthcare settings, aligning with the guidelines outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the World Health Organization QualityRights initiative. The study has employed the questionnaire on Well-being at Work and Respect for Human Rights (WWRR) among informal caregivers and tested whether the questionnaire's factor structure among informal caregivers aligns with that of users and health workers. We have hypothesized that informal caregivers prioritize users' needs and rights over the care context's climate. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. The "Well-being at Work and Respect for Human Rights" questionnaire was distributed to 100 caregivers in 4 territorial mental health facilities in Sardinia, Italy. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was utilized to assess the participants' responses. Results Participants reported high satisfaction with their relatives' treatment, perceiving a high level of respect for human rights among users and healthcare professionals. However, they highlighted insufficient resources for services, particularly the need for additional staff. CFA revealed that a scale with the first five items demonstrated good reliability, convergent validity, and discrimination. Mean scores indicated high satisfaction and perception of respect for human rights across the sample, with no significant differences by age or gender. Conclusion Satisfaction with users' rights is closely correlated with other factors comprising the notion of organizational well-being within a healthcare service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Atzeni
- International Ph.D. in Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro G. Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sonia Marchegiani
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Mediocampidano-ARES Sardegna, Sanluri, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carboni
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Mediocampidano-ARES Sardegna, Sanluri, Italy
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Nonnis
- Department of Education, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Urban
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari Servizio di Prevenzione e Protezione Italy, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Cantone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio E. Nardi
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Perra A, Sancassiani F, Cantone E, Pintus E, D’Oca S, Casula A, Littarru S, Zucca S, Tumolillo D, Pinna I, Primavera D, Cossu G, Nardi AE, Kalcev G, Carta MG. An e-Health Psychoeducation Program for Managing the Mental Health of People with Bipolar Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3468. [PMID: 38929997 PMCID: PMC11204713 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Social rhythm dysregulation has been identified as a determining factor in bipolar disorder (BD) relapses. It directly impacts individuals' quality of life (QoL). This study aims to present preliminary data on the efficacy of an e-health psychoeducational intervention for BD for improving clinical outcomes. Methods: This study used an open-label, crossover, randomized controlled trial design. The inclusion criteria consisted of a BD diagnosis, affiliation with the Consultation Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Center at the University Hospital in Cagliari, Italy, age over 18, and the obtaining of informed consent. Anxiety and depressive symptoms, QoL, and social and biological rhythms were measured using standardized instruments validated in Italian. Results: A total of 36 individuals were included in the experimental group (EG) and 18 in the control group (CG). The final sample consisted of 25 in the EG and 14 in the CG. A statistically significant improvement in QoL was found in the EG post-treatment (p = 0.011). Significant correlations were found between QoL and the dysregulation of biorhythms in the EG at T0 (p = 0.0048) and T1 (p = 0.0014). Conclusions: This study shows that, during extreme distress, an e-health group psychoeducation intervention for people with BD could significantly improve the perception of QoL. The results must be confirmed by studies conducted with larger-sized samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Perra
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Elisa Cantone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Elisa Pintus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Silvia D’Oca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Alessio Casula
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Sara Littarru
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Sara Zucca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Davide Tumolillo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Irene Pinna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Visconde de Piraja 407/702, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil;
| | - Goce Kalcev
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0,700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (F.S.); (E.C.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.Z.); (D.T.); (I.P.); (D.P.); (G.C.); (M.G.C.)
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7
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Carta MG, Karam EG, Cossu G. Stress, Dysregulation of Rhythms, and Bipolar Disorder: A Challenging Field of Research. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3014. [PMID: 38792554 PMCID: PMC11122454 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Clarifying the mechanisms by which circadian rhythms regulate biology is a central issue in directing life choices in the immediate future and presents an interesting challenge for current scientific research [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Elie Georges Karam
- St. George Hospital University Medical Center, University of Balamand, Beirut 11002807, Lebanon;
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
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Primavera D, Cossu G, Marchegiani S, Preti A, Nardi AE. Does the Dysregulation of Social Rhythms Syndrome (DYMERS) be Considered an Essential Component of Panic Disorders? Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2024; 20:e17450179293272. [PMID: 38774791 PMCID: PMC11107449 DOI: 10.2174/0117450179293272240328053722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
This editorial explores the role of hyperactivity and social rhythm dysregulation in bipolar disorder (BD) and related syndromes. Social Rhythm Dysregulation Syndrome (DYMERS) is proposed as a common vulnerability across various disorders, including panic disorder (PD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. A study conducted on a sample of elderly individuals participating in an active aging study investigated whether individuals with PD exhibit higher biological rhythm dysregulation compared to those without PD. The sample, consisting of 119 individuals, revealed that those with a lifetime PD diagnosis scored significantly higher on the dysregulation of biological rhythms scale compared to those without panic disorder. A higher prevalence of depressive episodes was found in individuals with PD at the time of the interview. Notably, a small sample of elderly individuals with panic disorder, voluntarily selected for a physical exercise trial, showed a significantly higher level of dysregulation of social rhythms compared to those without panic disorder. This study opens a debate on the accuracy of paper and pencil screening tests for bipolar disorders, especially regarding false positives in individuals with panic disorder. Our hypothesis is that DYMERS could be a shared vulnerability substrate for various disorders, serving as a basis for bipolar onset in the presence of a hyperactivity profile, even with genetic features. The data collected from older adults suggest that social rhythm dysregulation is a typical feature of PD, regardless of the coexistence of a depressive episode. While the study has limitations due to a small sample size, the findings warrant careful analysis and suggest the need for larger-scale replication studies. If confirmed, the dysregulation of rhythms and its association with depressive disorders highlight a significant area of vulnerability for serious psychopathological disorders, emphasizing the importance of extending research to younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy Section of Psychiatry, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy Section of Psychiatry, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brasil
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Carta MG, Fornaro M, Primavera D, Nardi AE, Karam E. Dysregulation of mood, energy, and social rhythms syndrome (DYMERS): A working hypothesis. J Public Health Res 2024; 13:22799036241248022. [PMID: 38680762 PMCID: PMC11047225 DOI: 10.1177/22799036241248022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A syndrome centered on the dysregulation of behavioral rhythms (DBR) is discussed. Recent pandemic brought to observe: (1) Having a DBR affecting sleep patterns, eating habits, and social interactions, before the lockdown period, was a determinant for depressive episodes during the lockdown; (2) In tighter lockdowns, DBR triggered depressive episodes in bipolar patients; (3) DBR in healthcare workers under pressure was a determinant of burnout; (4) DBR influenced the course of chronic diseases by altering immune responses. In addition, it was found that scoring positive on the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) was closely associated with the dysregulation of sleep rhythms. MDQ is a screening tool for bipolar disorder (BD), criticized for detecting too many false positives. Studies showed that positivity to the MDQ implied a severe impairment of quality of life even in people without psychiatric diagnoses. According to this evidence, three different hyperactivation levels could be proposed (from normality to pathology): firstly, an adaptive increase in energy (e.g. athletes performing well); secondly, a DBR determined from the continuous stimulation of stress hormones, with possible positive scores on the MDQ without a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, like in burnout syndromes and, thirdly, hyperactivity during manic episodes. The Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome (DYMERS), the second level of the scale, is proposed as a working hypothesis. DYMERS is also seen as a vulnerable condition that may evolve in other disorders (including BD) according to the individual susceptibility (including genetic predisposition) and the specific nature/level of the stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Laboratory Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elie Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon and Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St Georges University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Primavera D, Aviles Gonzalez CI, Romano F, Kalcev G, Pinna S, Minerba L, Scano A, Orrù G, Cossu G. Does the Response to a Stressful Condition in Older Adults with Life Rhythm Dysregulations Provide Evidence of the Existence of the "Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome"? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:87. [PMID: 38200993 PMCID: PMC10778618 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 lockdown periods have given rise to the "Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome" (DYMERS). This syndrome is characterized by a poor regulation of biological, social, and behavioral rhythms, including sleep, nutrition, and social contacts. The purpose of this cohort study was to examine whether older adults with pre-existing DYMERS had a more negative perception of their health-related quality of life (H-QoL) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, regardless of the presence of concurrent mood disorders. METHOD The entire study population (N = 93; age > 65 year) was categorized based on whether they exhibited dysregulated rhythms at the outset of the study. A comparison was made between DYMERS-positive individuals and DYMERS-negative individuals, and we assessed their H-QoL at the conclusion of the study. We also compared the H-QoL of individuals in the cohort who did not have a positive depression score to understand the impact of the rhythm dysregulation alone. RESULTS The frequency of individuals with a critical health-related quality of life score (SF12 < 25) was higher in the cohort with pre-existing DYMERS during lockdown (33.33% vs. 6.17%). This difference remained significant even when only individuals without depressive symptomatology were considered (27.27% vs. 2.60%). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that DYMERS can exert a substantial influence on health-related quality of life (H-QoL), even when mood disturbances are not present. Additional research is required to investigate the relationship between DYMERS and other psychiatric conditions as well as its nature as a standalone disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
- Nursing Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar 200002, Colombia
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Chair of Public Health, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Goce Kalcev
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Samantha Pinna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.P.); (G.K.); (S.P.); (L.M.)
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