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Asadi Z, Ghanbarpour R, Kalantar-Neyestanaki D, Alizade H. Determination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing and hybrid pathotypes of Escherichia coli isolates from diarrheic samples. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Eybpoosh S, Mostaan S, Gouya MM, Masoumi-Asl H, Owlia P, Eshrati B, Montazer Razavi Khorasan MR, Bouzari S. Frequency of five Escherichia Coli pathotypes in Iranian adults and children with acute diarrhea. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245470. [PMID: 33539359 PMCID: PMC7861387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge about the distribution of Escherichia Coli (E. coli) pathotypes in Iran is limited. This nation-wide survey aims to provide a comprehensive description of the distribution of five pathogenic E. coli in Iran. Methods Stool samples were collected from 1,306 acute diarrhea cases from 15 provinces (2013–2014). E. coli-positive cultures underwent PCR testing for the detection of STEC, ETEC, EPEC, EAEC, and EIEC pathotypes. Pathotype frequency by province, age-group, and season was estimated. Results 979 diarrhea samples (75.0%) were culture-positive for E. coli (95% CI: 72.6, 77.3%), and 659 (50.5%) were pathogenic E. coli (95% CI: 47.8, 53.2%). STEC was the most frequent pathotype (35.4%). ETEC (14.0%) and EPEC (13.1%) were the second and the third most frequent pathotypes, respectively. EAEC (4.3%) and EIEC (0.3%) were not highly prevalent. Fars (88.7%) and Khorasan-e-Razavi (34.8%) provinces had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively. E. coli pathotypes were more frequent in warmer than cooler seasons, showed the highest frequency among children under five years of age (73%), and had no significant association with participants’ gender. Conclusions Diarrheagenic E. coli may be an important cause of acute diarrhea in adults and children in Iran. STEC and ETEC seem to be widespread in the country with a peak in warmer seasons, impacting the recommended use of seasonal STEC and ETEC vaccines, especially in high-risk groups. Monitoring the incidence of E. coli pathotypes, serotypes, and antibiotic resistance over time is highly recommended for evaluation of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Eybpoosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mostaan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
- Centre for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Masoumi-Asl
- Centre for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Owlia
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Eshrati
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Khodadost M, Maajani K, Noroozi A, Motevalian SA, Naserbakht M, Sarvi F, Seddigh R, Jamshidi L, Yavari S, Khoramdad M, Ghodusi E, Hajebi A. Prevalence of cigarette smoking among college students in Iran: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:165. [PMID: 33816364 PMCID: PMC8004567 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.34.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking is known as a gateway drug for illicit drug use in youth. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the college students in Iran.
Methods: We searched electronic databases including Scopus, Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science, and national databases such as Magiran, Scientific Information Database, Iranmedex, Medlib, Irandoc, and IranPsych from 1946 to 21st July 2018 without any language restriction using a proper search strategy. We used a random effect model to calculate the pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking in college students in Iran. Chi-square test and I2 index were used to evaluate the heterogeneity between the studies. We used the meta-regression and subgroup analysis to assess the potential source of heterogeneity. Stata software, version 11 (StataCorp, TX) was used for all statistical analysis.
Results: We included 60 eligible articles in our study. The pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking at least once in the lifetime was 19% (95%CI: 17-22). The I2 index indicated considerable between-study heterogeneity (I2 =98%, p<0.001). The pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking at least once in the lifetime in males and females was 28% (95% CI: 23-34) and 9% (95% CI: 6-13), respectively. In multivariable meta-regression, a significant association was shown between the year of study (β=-13.1, p=0.011) and sampling method (β=-12.8 p=0.017) and daily use in the last month.
Conclusions: Increasing prevalence of smoking among Iranian university students is an important health priority. Increasing preventive and health education programs are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Khodadost
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadije Maajani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Noroozi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience and Addiction Studies Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Motevalian
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Naserbakht
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sarvi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Roohollah Seddigh
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Jamshidi
- Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Office (SAPTO), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Yavari
- Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Office (SAPTO), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME), Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Khoramdad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ghodusi
- Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Office (SAPTO), Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hajebi
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sobczyk J, Jain S, Sun X, Karris M, Wooten D, Stagnaro J, Reed S. Comparison of Multiplex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel and Conventional Stool Testing for Evaluation of Patients With HIV Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofz547. [PMID: 31976355 PMCID: PMC6970129 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal pathogen panels (GPPs) are increasingly used to identify stool pathogens, but their impact in people with HIV (PWH) is unknown. We performed a retrospective cohort study comparing GPP and conventional stool evaluation in PWH. METHODS We included all PWH who underwent GPP (Biofire Diagnostics; implemented September 15, 2015) or conventional testing, including stool culture, Clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction testing, fluorescent smears for Cryptosporidium or Giardia, and ova and parasite exams (O&P) from 2013 to 2017. A total of 1941 specimens were tested, with 169 positive specimens detected in 144 patients. We compared result turnaround time, pathogen co-infection, antibiotic treatment, and treatment outcomes between positive specimens detected by conventional testing vs GPP. RESULTS Overall, 124 patient samples tested positive by GPP, compared with 45 patient specimens by conventional testing. The GPP group demonstrated a higher co-infection rate (48.4% vs 13.3%; P < .001) and quicker turnaround time (23.4 vs 71.4 hours; P < .001). The GPP identified 29 potential viral infections that were undetectable by conventional stool tests. Unnecessary anti-infective therapy was avoided in 9 of 11 exclusively viral infections. Exclusively nonpathogenic parasites (n = 13) were detected by conventional stool tests, the majority of which were treated with metronidazole. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between groups. CONCLUSIONS In PWH, GPP implementation improved antibiotic stewardship through shorter turnaround times and detection of enteric viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sobczyk
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sonia Jain
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maile Karris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Darcy Wooten
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Janet Stagnaro
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sharon Reed
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Alizade H, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Azad M, Shojae S, Gouklani H, Davoodian P, Ghanbarpour R. An overview of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:23. [PMID: 31007693 PMCID: PMC6450139 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_256_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a common enteric pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal infections, particularly in developing countries. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of DEC in various geographical regions in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS English (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) and Persian (IranMedex, SID, Magiran, and Iran Doc) databases were comprehensively searched from January 1990 to April 2017. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. After assessing heterogeneity among studies, a random effects model was applied to estimate pooled prevalence. Data analyses were done with the Stata software (version 12.0). This meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42017070411. RESULTS A total of 73 studies with 18068 isolates were eligible for inclusion within the meta-analysis. The results of random effects model showed that the most prevalent DEC pathotypes were enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (16%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11%-23%), enteroaggregative E. coli (11%; 95% CI: 8%-15%), atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (11%; 95% CI: 8%-14%), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (9%; 95% CI: 6%-13%), diffuse adherent E. coli (6%; 95% CI: 6%-12%), enteroinvasive E. coli (4%; 95% CI: 2%-6%), and typical EPEC (3%; 95% CI: 1%-5%). CONCLUSION This study showed that DEC infections in the Iranian population have low frequency. Our data suggest that the ETEC pathotype can be regarded as one of the most important etiological agents of diarrhea in this country. However, the prevalence of DEC pathotypes is diverse in different regions of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Alizade
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Azad
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Saeed Shojae
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hamed Gouklani
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Parivash Davoodian
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanbarpour
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Taghadosi R, Shakibaie MR, Alizade H, Hosseini-Nave H, Askari A, Ghanbarpour R. Serogroups, subtypes and virulence factors of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from human, calves and goats in Kerman, Iran. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2018; 11:60-67. [PMID: 29564067 PMCID: PMC5849120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted to detect the occurrence, serogroups, virulence genes and phylogenetic relationship of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in human, clave and goat in Kerman (southeast of Iran). BACKGROUND STEC have emerged as the important foodborne zoonotic pathogens causing human gastrointestinal disease and confirming the risk to public health. METHODS A total of 671 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic patients (n=395) and healthy calves (n=156) and goats (n=120) and screened for the presence of stx gene. Furthermore, the prevalence of stx1 and stx2 variants, serotypes (O157, O145, O103, O26, O111, O91, O128, and O45), phylogenetic groups and the presence of ehxA, eae, hylA, iha and saa virulence genes were studied. RESULTS Prevalence of STEC in human diarrheic isolates was 1.3% (5 isolates), in claves was 26.3% (41 isolates) and in goats was 27.5% (33 isolates). stx1 gene was the most prevalent variant and detected in 75 isolates. Furthermore, stx1c was the most predominant stx subtype, found in 56 isolates. The ehxA identified in 36 (45.6%) isolates, followed by iha 5 (6.3%), eaeA 4 (5.1%), hlyA 2 (2.5%) and saa 2 (2.5%). Most of the isolates belonged to phylogroup B1. Only two O26 and one O91 isolates were detected in our study. CONCLUSION Our results show that STEC strains were widespread among healthy domestic animals in the southeast of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Taghadosi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shakibaie
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hesam Alizade
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini-Nave
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Asma Askari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanbarpour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Phylogenetic background of enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli from patients with diarrhea in Sirjan, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 8:187-192. [PMID: 27928486 PMCID: PMC5139922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains are a major cause of intestinal syndromes in the developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) in relation to phylogenetic background from patients with diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 110 E. coli isolates were obtained from diarrhea patients in Sirjan, southeast of Iran. The E. coli isolates were confirmed using biochemical and bacteriological tests. DNA of E. coli isolates was extracted by boiling method and checked for existence of ETEC (LT and ST genes) and EIEC (ipaH gene) pathotypes and also characterize the phylogenetic groups on the basis of presence or absence of the chuA, yjaA genes and an anonymous DNA fragment, TspE4. C2 by multiplex PCR. RESULTS Out of 110 E. coli isolates, 32 (29.09%) were positive for ETEC (LT and ST genes) and 6 (5.45%) possessed EIEC (ipaH gene) pathotypes. Isolates fall into four phylogenetic groups: A (39.09%), B1 (20%), B2 (15.45%) and D (25.45%). Phylotyping of isolates of DEC indicated they were distributed in four phylogenetic groups including A (12 isolates), B1 (7), B2 (9) and D (10). CONCLUSION In this study, the DEC isolates were segregated into different phylogenetic groups. The majority of isolates belonged to phylo-groups A and D.
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