1
|
Nakagawa Y, Mukai S, Miyata M, Minami K, Hattori Y, Yamagishi H. Radiological Findings of the Lumbar Spine in High School and Collegiate Sumo Wrestlers. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231206712. [PMID: 37941889 PMCID: PMC10629334 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231206712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sumo wrestling is a traditional sport in Japan and becoming popular worldwide. Risk factors for lower back injuries in sumo wrestlers are heavier weight and larger body mass index (BMI). The mawashi (loincloth belt) worn by sumo wrestlers has been shown to restrict motion of the lumbar spine. Purpose To study the effects of sumo wrestling on the lumbar spine of high school and freshmen collegiate wrestlers, investigating the relationship between radiological findings, wearing of the mawashi during training, and lower back symptoms. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods From 2001 to 2017, a total of 197 members of the Japanese Sumo Federation (55 high school and 142 college freshman students) underwent routine radiographic examination of their lumbar spines and answered a questionnaire regarding lumbar symptoms. Wrestlers were classified as symptomatic and asymptomatic based on responses to a custom questionnaire. We used the unpaired t test to evaluate patient demographics and the chi square test to analyze radiographic lumbar spine abnormalities between symptomatic and asymptomatic wrestlers. Results The wrestlers' mean height, weight, BMI, and duration in the sport were 174.0 ± 6.7 cm, 107.1 ± 22.4 kg, 35.2 ± 6.4, and 8.0 ± 3.2 years, respectively. There were 91 participants in the symptomatic group (46.2%) and 106 (53.8%) in the asymptomatic group. Ten wrestlers (5.1%) had osteophyte formations in the lumbar body; 8 of the 11 osteophytes (72.7%) appeared in the upper lumbar spine. Of the total, 48 wrestlers (24.4%) had deformities (Schmorl nodules) in the lumbar body, and 23 of 50 (46.0%) and 10 of 16 (62.5%) deformities were found in the upper lumbar spine of collegiate and high school wrestlers, respectively. Five wrestlers of the total 197 athletes (2.5%) had disc space narrowing in the lumbar body, with 3 of the 5 cases of disc space narrowing (60.0%) found in the upper lumbar spine. Spondylolysis in the lumbar body was found in 25 wrestlers (12.7%); 19 of the 91 symptomatic wrestlers (20.9%) had spondylolysis, compared with 6 of the 106 (5.7%) asymptomatic wrestlers (P = .0028). Conclusion Almost one-third of sumo wrestlers had ≥1 abnormal radiological finding in the lumbar spine. There was a significant relationship between symptomatic wrestlers and spondylolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Nakagawa
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Baptist Medical Foundation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Mukai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miyata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Minami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroya Yamagishi
- Department of Chest Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Fukui Hospital Fukui, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tramer JS, Jildeh TR, Castle JP, Buckley P, Nowak C, Okoroha KR. The impact of nonoperative hip and core injuries on National Football League athlete performance. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2023; 51:27-32. [PMID: 34488522 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1976603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hip and core injuries are common in National Football League (NFL) athletes; however, the impact following injury remains unclear. The goal of this manuscript was to determine the impact of nonoperative hip and core injuries on return to play and performance. METHODS NFL athletes who sustained a hip or core injury treated nonoperatively between 2010 and 2016 were identified. Offensive and defensive power ratings were calculated for each player's injury season and two seasons before and after to assess longitudinal impact. A matched control group without an identified hip and/or core injury was assembled for comparison. RESULTS A total of 41 offensive and 71 defensive players with nonoperative hip or core injury were analyzed. All athletes returned to play; offensive and defensive players missed 4.0 ± 5.2 and 3.1 ± 2.6 games after injury, respectively. Offensive players played fewer cumulative career games returning from core injury versus hip (23.5 ± 20.6 vs 41.0 ± 26.4). Defensive players played fewer games (58.1 ± 41.1 versus 37.4 ± 27.1, p < 0.05) with lower defensive power rating (133.9 ± 128.5 versus 219.8 ± 212.2, p < 0.05) cumulatively after hip or core injury. Additionally, 2 years following injury, defensive players played fewer games compared to controls (9.5 ± 7.0 versus 10.9 ± 6.8, p < 0.05). Following hip injury specifically, NFL defenders played fewer games (39.8 ± 27.9 vs 61.9 ± 38.8; p < 0.05) and had a lower defensive power rating (145.9 ± 131.7 vs 239.0 ± 205.9; p < 0.05) compared to before injury. CONCLUSION Overall, NFL players return to play following nonoperative hip and core injuries. Defensive players played in fewer games following hip or core injury compared to controls; offensive players were unaffected. Hip injuries have a greater impact on performance compared to core injuries in defensive athletes; offensive players played fewer games upon return from core injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Tramer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, United States
| | - Toufic R Jildeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, United States
| | - Joshua P Castle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, United States
| | - Patrick Buckley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, United States
| | - Caden Nowak
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Kelechi R Okoroha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdollahi S, Sheikhhoseini R. Sport-related injuries in Iranian basketball players: evidence from a retrospective epidemiologic study (2019-20). PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 50:406-413. [PMID: 34170794 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1947737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Basketball is a contact sport with complex movements that include jumps, turns, and changes in direction, which cause frequent musculoskeletal injuries in all regions of the body. Also, injury patterns among athletes, particularly basketball players, continue to evolve and change. The current retrospective epidemiologic study aimed to investigate the incidence, severity, and sports-related risk factors of injuries in Iranian basketball players from 2019 to 2020. METHODS Using the Information Retrospective Injury Questionnaire (online version), data on basketball-related injuries were collected retrospectively for 204 basketball players of the Iranian league (professional super league and first-division league) during the 2019/2020 season. RESULTS A total of 628 injuries were reported, which was equivalent to 6.07 injuries/1000 h. The ankle was the location of most injuries (n = 116 or 26.9%; overuse injuries (n = 40 or 20.3%)), followed by lower back/pelvis injuries (acute injury n = 67 (15.5%) and overuse injuries (n = 23; 11.6%)), knee injuries (acute injury n = 62 (15.7%) and overuse injuries (n = 31 (14.3%)), wrist/fingers injuries (acute injury (n = 85 (13.4%)) and overuse injuries (n = 8; 4.0%)), and shin/calf injuries (acute injury (n = 35; 8.1%) and overuse injuries (n = 28; 14.2%)). Mean time loss in first-division league players was much higher than professional super league players (7.84/1000 h exposure vs. 4.30/1000 h exposure), respectively. CONCLUSION The ankle sprain was the most common injury in our study. Lower back/pelvis injuries had the longest time loss. Injury was more frequent among first-division league players than those in the professional super league. Injuries during practice were notably more frequent than during competition with different patterns of injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Abdollahi
- Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahman Sheikhhoseini
- Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zuckerman SL, Kerolus MG, Buchanan IA, Ha AS, Gillespie A, Cerpa M, Leung E, Lehman RA. Lumbar discectomies in elite rowers: presentation, operative treatment, and return to play. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 50:414-418. [PMID: 34182884 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1948309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a cohort of elite rowers requiring lumbar spine surgery, we report information regarding: (1) presentation, (2) operative treatment, and (3) return to play (RTP). METHODS All competitive rowers undergoing spine surgery at a single academic institution from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed. Three rowers underwent spine surgery during the allotted time period. Demographic, clinical, operative, and RTP data was recorded. Each athlete's self-reported level of effort/performance was assessed before and after surgery. First RTP was defined as the time of initial return to rowing activities, and full RTP was defined as the time of unrestricted return to rowing activities. Descriptive statistics were performed. RESULTS The three collegiate rowers ranged from 20- to 21-year-old, each with L5/S1 disc herniations. Preoperative pain levels ranged from 8 to 10, and inciting injury events included back squats, front squats, and rowing during the 'finish' stage. Each athlete underwent a minimally invasive, unilateral L5/S1 decompression, partial medial facetectomy, and partial discectomy with microscopic-assistance. First RTP ranged from 4-6 months, with full RTP at 6-8 months. Pain dissipated to the 0-1 range at full RTP. Final effort/performance improved from 10-60% mid-injury to 90-100% at full RTP. Each athlete's 2000m row time showed a decline mid-injury and an improvement to at or within 10 s of their pre-injury time. CONCLUSIONS Drawing from three collegiate rowers who underwent lumbar decompression surgery, each athlete successfully returned to rowing, with initial RTP in the 4-6 months range and full RTP in the 6-8 months range. Performance levels rebounded to near or better than pre-injury performance. The results of this small case series warrant replication in larger, multi-institutional samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Zuckerman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, the Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mena G Kerolus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, the Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian A Buchanan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, the Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex S Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, the Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anton Gillespie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, the Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meghan Cerpa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, the Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Leung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, the Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald A Lehman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, the Spine Hospital at New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuttner NP, Llanes AC, Tummala SV, Brinkman JC, McQuivey KS, Hassebrock JD, Makovicka JL, Chhabra A. In National Collegiate Athletic Association Men’s and Women’s Soccer Athletes There Is a Low Rate of Lumbar Spine Injury, Women Suffer More Recurrent Injuries than Men, and Most Injuries Occur in the Preseason. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022; 4:e705-e711. [PMID: 35494295 PMCID: PMC9042889 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To use the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) from the 2009-2010 through the 2014-2015 seasons to report lumbar spine injury rates, characteristics, and time lost from sport in soccer players. Methods Characteristics of lumbar spine injuries by season, competition/practice, and time lost from sport were determined using the NCAA-ISP database. Rates of injury were calculated as the number of injuries divided by the number of athlete exposures (AEs). AEs are any athlete participation in a competition or practice. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to compare rates between event types and time of season. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were used to evaluate differences in injury rates between men and women. Results The NCAA-ISP estimated 4,464 LSIs over 5 years. The rate of LSI in men was 2.1/10,000 AEs and 3.0/10,000 AEs in women. Women were 1.43 times more likely to suffer an LSI compared to men. Women were 2.15 times as likely to suffer an LSI in competition compared to in practice while men were 1.10 times as likely. Women were 2.15 times as likely to be injured in the preseason compared to the regular season, while men were 3.76 times as likely. Non-contact injuries were the most common cause of lumbar spine injuries (LSIs) in men (35%); however, contact injuries were more common in women (33%). Most athletes both male (57%) and female (59%) returned to play within 24 hours. Conclusion This study provides information on the characteristics of LSIs in NCAA soccer. The overall injury rate to the lumbar spine is relatively low. Injury rates are highest in the preseason and in competition. Women suffer from more recurrent LSI’s than men, and men acquired more injuries through non-contact mechanisms. More than one-half of athletes returned to sport within 24 hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P. Kuttner
- Creighton University School of Medicine–Phoenix Regional Campus, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Aaron C. Llanes
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Sailesh V. Tummala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Joseph C. Brinkman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Kade S. McQuivey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | | | - Justin L. Makovicka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
- Address correspondence to Anikar Chhabra, M.D., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5881 E. Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, U.S.A.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Richman EH, Qureshi MB, Brinkman JC, Tummala SV, Makovicka JL, Kuttner NP, Pollock JR, Chhabra A. Lower Back Injuries in NCAA Female Volleyball Athletes: A 5-Year Epidemiologic Characterization. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211050893. [PMID: 34778479 PMCID: PMC8573494 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211050893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although lower back injuries (LBIs) are common among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) female volleyball athletes, their incidence and etiology has not been well-defined. PURPOSE To describe the epidemiology of LBIs in collegiate female volleyball athletes over a 5-year period from the academic years 2009 to 2010 and 2013 to 2014. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS The incidence and characteristics of spine injuries were identified utilizing the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program database. Rates of injury were calculated as the number of injuries by the total number of athlete-exposures (AEs). AEs were defined as any student participation in any single NCAA-sanctioned practice or competition. The injury rate was computed as the number of injuries per the total number of AEs and reported as a ration of injuries per 10,000 exposures. The ratio was then reported as overall number as well as stratified for event, time of season, and athletic NCAA division. Incidence rate ratios were then calculated to compare rates between event type. Results with 95% CIs that did not include 1.0 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS An estimated 3384 LBIs occurred in NCAA female volleyball players during this 5-year time frame. These LBIs occurred at a rate of 4.89 injuries per 10,000 AEs. LBIs were 2.76 times more likely in preseason when compared with regular season. More injuries occurred in practice (85%) when compared with competition (15%). The outside hitter and middle blocker were the most commonly position to sustain an LBI. Almost 70% of injuries were new injuries, and another 29% were recurrent injuries. The most common mechanism of injury was equally split between contact (50.4%) and overuse (45.5%) injuries, whereas the remaining mechanisms of injury were secondary for unknown reasons (4.14%). Most players returned to play within 24 hours (72.3%) followed by 1 to 6 days (16.4%), and finally 7 to 12 days (11.3%). No patient required surgical intervention. CONCLUSION The rate of LBIs was high (4.89/10,000 AEs) and injuries commonly recurred (29.2%). Most injuries were new, with most athletes returning to play with 24 hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan H. Richman
- Creighton University School of Medicine--Phoenix Regional Campus, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Joseph C. Brinkman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sailesh V. Tummala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Justin L. Makovicka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Nicolas P. Kuttner
- Creighton University School of Medicine--Phoenix Regional Campus, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brinkman JC, Tummala SV, McQuivey KS, Hassebrock JD, Pagdilao C, Makovicka JL, Chhabra A. Epidemiology of Spine Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Wrestling Athletes. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211032007. [PMID: 34497862 PMCID: PMC8419556 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211032007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spine injuries are common in collegiate wrestlers and can lead to reinjury, persistent pain, and time lost from participation. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of spine injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) wrestlers between academic years 2009 to 2010 and 2013 to 2014. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The incidence and characteristics of spine injuries were identified utilizing the NCAA–Injury Surveillance Program database. Spine injuries were assessed for injury type, injury mechanism, time of season, event type, recurrence, participation restriction, and time lost from participation. Rates of injury were calculated as the number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (AEs). Injury rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for event type and time of season, and results with 95% confidence intervals that did not include 1.0 were considered statistically significant. Results: There were an estimated 2040 spine injuries reported in the database over the 4-year period, resulting in an injury rate of 0.71 per 1000 AEs. Spine injuries were over twice as likely to occur in competitions as in practices (IRR, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-3.69). More injuries occurred in both the preseason (0.94 per 1000 AEs) and the postseason (1.12 per 1000 AEs) compared with the regular season (0.55 per 1000 AEs). Contact injuries (42%) were the most common mechanism of injury, and brachial plexus injury (20%) was the most common diagnosis. Only 1.3% of injuries required surgery, and athletes most commonly returned to sport within 24 hours (33%) or within 6 days (25%). Conclusion: This investigation found an overall injury rate of 0.71 per 1000 AEs in wrestling athletes between academic years 2009 to 2010 and 2013 to 2014. The majority of these injuries were new, and athletes most commonly returned to sport within 24 hours. The injury rate was highest in competition, and both the preseason and the postseason showed a higher injury rate than that in season. Efforts to improve injury prevention and management should be informed by these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Brinkman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sailesh V. Tummala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Kade S. McQuivey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Justin L. Makovicka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Anikar Chhabra, MD, MS, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA ()
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fiani B, Runnels J, Taylor A, Sekhon M, Chacon D, McLarnon M, Houston R, Vereecken S. Prevalence of sports-related spinal injury stratified by competition level and return to play guidelines. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:169-179. [PMID: 33098634 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal injury is among the most severe and feared injuries an athlete may face. We present an up-to-date review of the recent literature, stratifying recommendations based on injury location (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine) and type, as well as, the level of competitive play (high school, collegiate, professional). A literature search was completed to identify all publications reporting return to play guidelines for athletic injuries or injury-related surgery irrespective of the study design. Publication dates were not restricted by year. Search terms used included "return to play" and "spinal injury" on National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Google Scholar. Selection criteria for literature included axial spine injury guidelines for athletic participation post-injury or post-surgery. Literature found from the search criteria was sorted based on level of competition and location of axial spine injury involved. It was found that professional athletes are more likely to suffer severe spinal injuries, require surgery, and necessitate a longer return to play (RTP), with high school and college athletes usually returning to play within days or weeks. Injuries occur mainly within contact sports and concordance exists between initial and subsequent spinal injuries. Adequate rest, rehabilitation, and protective equipment alongside the education of athletes and coaches are recommended. In conclusion, a multidisciplinary approach to patient management is required with consideration for the emotional, social, and perhaps financial impact that spinal injury may have upon the athlete. Consensus from the literature states that in order for an athlete to safely return to play, that athlete should not be actively suffering from pain, should have a full range of motion, and complete return of their strength in the absence of neurological deficit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, 1150 N. Indian Canyon Drive, Palm Springs, CA 92262, USA
| | - Juliana Runnels
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 2425 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Ashley Taylor
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, The University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Manraj Sekhon
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Daniel Chacon
- Ross University School of Medicine, High St., Bridgetown BB11015, Miramar, FL, Barbados
| | - Michael McLarnon
- Queen's University Belfast, University Rd, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rebecca Houston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, 1150 N. Indian Canyon Drive, Palm Springs, CA 92262, USA
| | - Sasha Vereecken
- Saint James School of Medicine, 1480 Renaissance Drive, Suite 300, Park Ridge, The Quarter, IL 60068, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deckey DG, Scott KL, Hinckley NB, Makovicka JL, Hassebrock JD, Tummala SV, Pena A, Asprey W, Chhabra A. Hand and Wrist Injuries in Men's and Women's National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967120953070. [PMID: 33062767 PMCID: PMC7536375 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120953070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hand and wrist injuries (HWIs) are common in National Collegiate Athletic
Association (NCAA) basketball players and can negatively affect performance.
There is limited literature available on this topic. Purpose: To open a discussion on prevention strategies and encourage future research
on HWIs in basketball athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: HWIs sustained by male and female NCAA basketball players during the
2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years and reported to the NCAA Injury
Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) database were utilized to characterize the
epidemiology thereof. Rates and distributions of HWIs were identified within
the context of mechanism of injury, injury recurrence, and time lost from
sport. Results: Over the 5-year period, 81 HWIs in women and 171 HWIs in men were identified
through the NCAA-ISP database. These were used to estimate 3515 HWIs
nationally in women’s basketball athletes and 7574 HWIs nationally in men’s
basketball athletes. The rate of HWIs in women was 4.20 per 10,000
athlete-exposures (AEs) and in men was 7.76 per 10,000 AEs, making men 1.85
times more likely to sustain HWIs compared with women. In men, HWIs were
3.31 times more likely to occur in competition compared with practice, while
in women, HWIs were 2.40 times more likely to occur in competition than in
practice. Based on position, guards, both men and women, were the most
likely to suffer HWIs. Conclusion: HWIs were common in collegiate basketball players. Most injuries were new,
and the majority of players were restricted from participation for less than
24 hours. Men were more likely to be injured compared with women, and
injuries were most common in the setting of competition for both sexes. The
majority of injuries was considered minor and did not extensively limit
participation; however, prevention and detection remain important for
optimal performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Deckey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Kelly L Scott
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sailesh V Tummala
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Austin Pena
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Walker Asprey
- Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Makovicka JL, Deckey DG, Patel KA, Hassebrock JD, Chung AS, Tummala SV, Hydrick TC, Pena A, Chhabra A. Epidemiology of Lumbar Spine Injuries in Men's and Women's National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball Athletes. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119879104. [PMID: 31700939 PMCID: PMC6823986 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119879104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lumbar spine injuries (LSIs) are common in both men’s and women’s National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball players and can frequently lead to reinjuries and persistent pain. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of an LSI in collegiate men’s and women’s basketball during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The incidence and characteristics of LSIs were identified utilizing the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP). Rates of injury were calculated as the number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (AEs). AEs were defined as any student participation in 1 NCAA-sanctioned practice or competition. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were then calculated to compare the rates of injury between season, event type, mechanism, injury recurrence, and time lost from sport. Results: The NCAA ISP reported 124 LSIs from an average of 28 and 29 men’s and women’s teams, respectively. These were used via validated weighting methodology to estimate a total of 5197 LSIs nationally. The rate of LSIs in women was 2.16 per 10,000 AEs, while men suffered LSIs at a rate of 3.47 per 10,000 AEs. Men were 1.61 times more likely to suffer an LSI compared with women. In men, an LSI was 3.48 times more likely to occur in competition when compared with practice, while in women, an LSI was 1.36 times more likely to occur in competition than in practice. Women suffered the highest LSI rate during the postseason, while the highest rate in men was during the regular season. The majority of both female (58.9%; n = 1004) and male (73.1%; n = 2353) athletes returned to play within 24 hours of injury. Conclusion: To date, this is the largest study to characterize LSIs in NCAA basketball and provides needed information on the prevalence and timing of these injuries. The majority of injuries in both sexes were new, and most athletes returned to play in less than 24 hours. Injury rates were highest during competition in both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Deckey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Karan A Patel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sailesh V Tummala
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - Austin Pena
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|