1
|
Arrow P, Piggott S, Jamieson L, Brennan D, Tonmukayakul U, Kularatna S, Atkinson D, Nanda S. Dental enamel defects and dental caries of primary teeth among Indigenous children in Western Australia. Aust Dent J 2023; 68:35-41. [PMID: 36461644 PMCID: PMC10952132 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teeth affected with enamel defects (EDs) are at an increased risk of dental caries. In spite of improving oral health status overall in Australia, Indigenous Australians still experience higher rates of dental caries than non-Indigenous Australians. This study reports on the prevalence of EDs and dental caries experience among Indigenous children in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. METHODS Health status of all the primary teeth (ICDAS II criteria) and the presence of EDs on index teeth (modified Dental Defects of Enamel index; DDE) of young Indigenous children who participated in a 2-arm intervention trial was recorded. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the association between EDs and dental caries and effect estimates were presented as odds ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Person-level prevalence, from 237 children (mean age 3.6 years, standard deviation 1.7) assessed for EDs, was 58% and tooth-level prevalence was 24%. Teeth affected with demarcated or diffuse defects were associated with a twofold higher odds of having caries experience, odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-3.7 and OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.7-4.0 respectively. CONCLUSIONS The presence of EDs among young Indigenous children was associated with a higher odds of caries experience among affected teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Arrow
- Dental Health ServicesDepartment of HealthPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Dental SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral HealthUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - S Piggott
- Dental Health ServicesDepartment of HealthPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - L Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral HealthUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - D Brennan
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral HealthUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - U Tonmukayakul
- Institute for Health TransformationDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - S Kularatna
- School of Public Health and Social WorkQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - D Atkinson
- Rural Clinical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - S Nanda
- Department of HealthPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Castañeda-Sarmiento S, Uchima Koecklin KH, Barahona Hernandez MB, Santos GP, Bruno Luyo JC, Sánchez Sotomayor JC, Ruiz-Yasuda C, Apaza ZR, Adasme DP, Torres Ricse DA, Mendoza Ballena ME, Salcedo A, Ramirez-Sotelo LR, Blanco-Victorio DJ, Arieta-Miranda J, Torres-Ramos G. Association between developmental defects of enamel and early childhood caries in children under 6 years old: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10479. [PMID: 36110226 PMCID: PMC9469663 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) are an oral health problem worldwide in children under 6 years of age. This disease of rapid development has a multifactorial etiology, and one of the possible risk factors is developmental defects of enamel (DDE), such as hypoplasia and opacities. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between DDE and ECC in children under 6 years of age. An electronic search was conducted until March 2022 using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Science-Direct, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO-Host, EMBASE, and Google Scholar and complemented with a manual search, with no restrictions on language or date of publication. Longitudinal studies of children under 6 years of age with primary dentition were included. A total of 1158 studies were found, of which 651 records were reviewed by title and abstract, and 24 articles were selected for full-text evaluation. Finally, nine studies that met the selection criteria were included in the qualitative synthesis. Study quality and certainty were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Three cohort studies of good quality were included in the meta-analysis. A risk associated with DDE (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.52-2.49) and a risk associated with enamel hypoplasia (RR = 5.45; 95% CI: 1.84-16.14) were found. The results for diffuse opacity (RR = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.18-8.15) and demarcated opacity (RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.43-3.65) were not significant. GRADE analysis presented low and very low certainty of evidence. It was concluded that there is an association between DDE and ECC. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of the study. The protocol for this study has been registered in PROSPERO under identification number CRD42021238919.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abad Salcedo
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harrison-Barry L, Elsworthy K, Pukallus M, Leishman SJ, Boocock H, Walsh LJ, Seow WK. The Queensland Birth Cohort Study for Early Childhood Caries: Results at 7 Years. JDR Clin Trans Res 2020; 7:80-89. [PMID: 33331221 DOI: 10.1177/2380084420981882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated caries predictors in 378 children remaining from a birth cohort of 1,052 at 7 y and compared the efficacy of home visits (HVs) and telephone contacts (TCs) for early childhood caries (ECC) prevention. METHODS The HVs or TCs were made at ages 6, 12, 18, 30, and 42 mo with annual dental clinic examinations at ages 2 to 7 y. At every visit, the parents completed validated questionnaires regarding the children's family, medical, dental, and dietary histories. RESULTS The caries prevalence increased from 2% and 6% at ages 2 and 3 y to 15%, 33%, 42%, and 52% at ages 4 to 7 y. The mean caries experience (decayed, missing, and teeth extracted due to caries) of the total cohort increased from 0.1 ± 0.5 at age 2 y to 0.2 ± 1.1 at 3 y, 0.5 ± 1.6 at 4 y, 1.1 ± 2.4 at 5 y, 1.6 ± 2.6 at 6 y, and 2.0 ± 2.7 at 7 y. The prevalence of mutans streptococci (MS) in the total cohort at years 2 to 7 was 22%, 36%, 42%, 42%, 39%, and 44%, respectively. MS was strongly correlated with caries prevalence for all years (all P < 0.001). Statistical modeling employing the generalized estimating equations identified caries predictors as holding a Health Care Card (low socioeconomic status) (P = 0.009; odds ratio [OR] = 2.05; confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-3.52), developmental defects of enamel (DDEs) (P < 0.001; OR = 1.09; CI: 1.05-1.14), and MS counts ≤105/mL (P = 0.001; OR = 1.63; CI: 1.24-2.14). By contrast, HVs were more protective than TCs for caries (P = 0.008; OR = 0.42; CI: 0.22-0.80). CONCLUSIONS This study provides prospective, clinical evidence that MS, DDEs, and low socioeconomic status are strongly correlated with early childhood caries and that HVs are more efficacious than TCs in ECC prevention. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT This 7-y birth cohort study provides longitudinal clinical evidence that mutans streptococci, developmental defects of enamel, and low socioeconomic status are key risk indicators of early childhood caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Harrison-Barry
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Metro South Oral Health, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Elsworthy
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Pukallus
- Metro South Oral Health, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - S J Leishman
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - H Boocock
- Metro South Oral Health, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - L J Walsh
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - W K Seow
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peres KG, Thomson WM, Chaffee BW, Peres MA, Birungi N, Do LG, Feldens CA, Fontana M, Marshall TA, Pitiphat W, Seow WK, Wagner Y, Wong HM, Rugg-Gunn AJ. Oral Health Birth Cohort Studies: Achievements, Challenges, and Potential. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1321-1331. [PMID: 32680439 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520942208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth cohorts are those among observational studies that provide understanding of the natural history and causality of diseases since early in life. Discussions during an International Association for Dental Research symposium in London, United Kingdom, in 2018, followed by a workshop in Bangkok, Thailand, in 2019, concluded that there are few birth cohort studies that consider oral health and that a broader discussion on similarities and differences among those studies would be valuable. This article aims to 1) bring together available long-term data of oral health birth cohort studies from the low, middle, and high-income countries worldwide and 2) describe similarities and differences among these studies. This work comprises 15 studies from all 5 continents. The most studied dental conditions and exposures are identified; findings are summarized; and methodological differences and similarities among studies are presented. Methodological strengths and weaknesses are also highlighted. Findings are summarized in 1) the negative impact of detrimental socioeconomic status on oral health changes over time, 2) the role of unfavorable patterns of dental visiting on oral health, 3) associations between general and oral health, 4) nutritional and dietary effects on oral health, and 5) intergenerational influences on oral health. Dental caries and dental visiting patterns have been recorded in all studies. Sources of fluoride exposure have been documented in most of the more recent studies. Despite some methodological differences in the way that the exposures and outcomes were measured, some findings are consistent. Predictive models have been used with caries risk tools, periodontitis occurrence, and permanent dentition orthodontic treatment need. The next steps of the group's work are as follows: 1) establishing a consortium of oral health birth cohort studies, 2) conducting a scoping review, 3) exploring opportunities for pooled data analyses to answer pressing research questions, and 4) promoting and enabling the development of the next generation of oral health researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K G Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - W M Thomson
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B W Chaffee
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M A Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - N Birungi
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L G Do
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C A Feldens
- Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - M Fontana
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T A Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W Pitiphat
- Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health Research Group, and Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - W K Seow
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Y Wagner
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - H M Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A J Rugg-Gunn
- The Borrow Foundation, Waterlooville, UK.,School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reed SG, Miller CS, Wagner CL, Hollis BW, Lawson AB. Toward Preventing Enamel Hypoplasia: Modeling Maternal and Neonatal Biomarkers of Human Calcium Homeostasis. Caries Res 2019; 54:55-67. [PMID: 31665727 PMCID: PMC7299520 DOI: 10.1159/000502793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess biomarkers of calcium homeostasis and tooth development, in mothers during pregnancy and their children at birth, for enamel hypoplasia (EH) in the primary maxillary central incisor teeth. METHODS Bayesian methodology was used for secondary data analyses from a randomized, controlled trial of prenatal vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy mothers (N = 350) and a follow-up study of a subset of the children. The biomarkers were serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), total circulating 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). The maternal biomarkers were assayed monthly during pregnancy, and the child's biomarkers were derived from cord blood. Digital images of the child's 2 teeth were scored for EH using Enamel Defects Index criteria for each of the incisal, middle, and cervical regions for an EH extent score. RESULTS The child EH prevalence was 41% (60/145), with most defects present in the incisal and middle tooth regions. Cord blood iPTH and 1,25(OH)2D levels were significantly associated with EH extent after controlling for maternal factors. For every 1 pg/mL increase in cord blood iPTH, the EH extent decreased by approximately 6%. For every 10 pg/mL increase in cord blood 1,25(OH)2D, the EH extent increased by almost 30% (holding all other terms constant and adjusting for subject-level heterogeneity). The relationship between maternal 25(OH)D and maternal mean iPTH varied significantly by EH extent. CONCLUSION The results suggest possible modifiable relationships of maternal and neonatal factors of calcium homeostasis during pregnancy and at birth for EH, contributing to the frontier of knowledge regarding sound tooth development for dental caries prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan G Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,
| | - Cameron S Miller
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Carol L Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew B Lawson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tinanoff N, Baez RJ, Diaz Guillory C, Donly KJ, Feldens CA, McGrath C, Phantumvanit P, Pitts NB, Seow WK, Sharkov N, Songpaisan Y, Twetman S. Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: Global perspective. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:238-248. [PMID: 31099128 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper is a summary of the proceedings of the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry Bangkok Conference on early childhood caries (ECC) held in 3-4 November 2018. AIM The paper aims to convey a global perspective of ECC definitions, aetiology, risk factors, societal costs, management, educational curriculum, and policy. DESIGN This global perspective on ECC is the compilation of the state of science, current concepts, and literature regarding ECC from worldwide experts on ECC. RESULTS Early childhood caries is related to frequent sugar consumption in an environment of enamel adherent, acid-producing bacteria in a complex biofilm, as well as developmental defects of enamel. The seriousness, societal costs, and impact on quality of life of dental caries in pre-school children are enormous. Worldwide data show that ECC continues to be highly prevalent, yet infrequently treated. Approaches to reduce the prevalence include interventions that start in the first year of a child's life, evidence-based and risk-based management, and reimbursement systems that foster preventive care. CONCLUSIONS This global perspective on ECC epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, global impact, and management is aimed to foster improved worldwide understanding and management of ECC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Tinanoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland, School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ramon J Baez
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Carolina Diaz Guillory
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kevin J Donly
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Carlos Alberto Feldens
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, School of Dentistry, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Colman McGrath
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Nigel B Pitts
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Dental Innovation and Impact, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - W Kim Seow
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nikolai Sharkov
- Department of Paediatric Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yupin Songpaisan
- Department of Family and Community Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common childhood disease with highest prevalence found in poor, socially disadvantaged, and minority groups. The main risk factors for ECC are frequent sugar consumption, lack of tooth brushing, and enamel hypoplasia. Contributory factors include environmental and psychosocial stresses that modify caregiver behaviors. Strategies for prevention include preventing mutans streptococci transmission, restricting dietary sugars, tooth brushing, topical fluoride applications, and early dental examinations. This article provides an overview of ECC based on current understanding of its cause, prevention, and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Kim Seow
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Manton DJ. Child Dental Caries - A Global Problem of Inequality. EClinicalMedicine 2018; 1:3-4. [PMID: 31193614 PMCID: PMC6537533 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|