Frank HE, Rifkin LS, Sheehan K, Becker-Haimes E, Crane ME, Phillips KE, Palitz SA, Kemp J, Benito K, Kendall PC. Therapist perceptions of experiential training for exposure therapy.
Behav Cogn Psychother 2023;
51:214-229. [PMID:
36805734 PMCID:
PMC11006093 DOI:
10.1017/s1352465822000728]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND
Despite evidence for its efficacy, exposure therapy for anxiety is rarely used in routine care settings. Efforts to address one major barrier to its use - therapists' negative beliefs about exposure - have included therapist-level implementation strategies, such as training and consultation. Experiential training, in which therapists themselves undergo exposures, has recently demonstrated feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness for increasing exposure use.
AIMS
This study aimed to assess: (1) therapists' perceptions of experiential training and (2) barriers and facilitators to implementing exposure following training.
METHOD
Therapists who underwent experiential training (n=12) completed qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires. Interviews were coded using an integrated approach, combining both inductive and deductive approaches. Mixed methods analyses examined how themes varied by practice setting (community mental health versus private practice) and exposure use.
RESULTS
Results highlight how therapist-level factors, such as clinician self-efficacy, interact with inner- and outer-setting factors. Participants reported positive perceptions of exposure after training; they noted that directly addressing myths about exposure and experiencing exposures themselves improved their attitudes toward exposure. Consistent with prior literature, issues such as insufficient supervisory support, organizational constraints, and client characteristics made it challenging to implement exposures.
DISCUSSION
Results highlight the benefits of experiential training, while also highlighting the need to consider contextual determinants. Differences in responses across practice settings highlight areas for intervention and the importance of tailoring implementation strategies. Barriers that were specific to therapists who did not use exposure (e.g. hesitancy about its appropriateness for most clients) point to directions for future implementation efforts.
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