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Khatun M, Lundin K, Naillat F, Loog L, Saarela U, Tuuri T, Salumets A, Piltonen TT, Tapanainen JS. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Possible Approach for Exploring the Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:67-87. [PMID: 37768523 PMCID: PMC10799779 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine condition among women with pleiotropic sequelae possessing reproductive, metabolic, and psychological characteristics. Although the exact origin of PCOS is elusive, it is known to be a complex multigenic disorder with a genetic, epigenetic, and environmental background. However, the pathogenesis of PCOS, and the role of genetic variants in increasing the risk of the condition, are still unknown due to the lack of an appropriate study model. Since the debut of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, the ability of reprogrammed somatic cells to self-renew and their potential for multidirectional differentiation have made them excellent tools to study different disease mechanisms. Recently, researchers have succeeded in establishing human in vitro PCOS disease models utilizing iPSC lines from heterogeneous PCOS patient groups (iPSCPCOS). The current review sets out to summarize, for the first time, our current knowledge of the implications and challenges of iPSC technology in comprehending PCOS pathogenesis and tissue-specific disease mechanisms. Additionally, we suggest that the analysis of polygenic risk prediction based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) could, theoretically, be utilized when creating iPSC lines as an additional research tool to identify women who are genetically susceptible to PCOS. Taken together, iPSCPCOS may provide a new paradigm for the exploration of PCOS tissue-specific disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuma Khatun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland.
| | - Karolina Lundin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Florence Naillat
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Liisa Loog
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Ulla Saarela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Tuuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50406, Estonia
- Competence Centre of Health Technologies, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HFR - Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Identification of novel differentially expressed genes in type 1 diabetes mellitus complications using transcriptomic profiling of UAE patients: a multicenter study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16316. [PMID: 36175575 PMCID: PMC9523055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that mainly affects children and young adults. It is associated with debilitating and long-life complications. Therefore, understanding the factors that lead to the onset and development of these complications is crucial. To our knowledge this is the first study that attempts to identify the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T1DM complications using whole transcriptomic profiling in United Arab Emirates (UAE) patients. The present multicenter study was conducted in different hospitals in UAE including University Hospital Sharjah, Dubai Hospital and Rashid Hospital. A total of fifty-eight Emirati participants aged above 18 years and with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 were recruited and forty-five of these participants had a confirmed diagnosis of T1DM. Five groups of complications associated with the latter were identified including hyperlipidemia, neuropathy, ketoacidosis, hypothyroidism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A comprehensive whole transcriptomic analysis using NGS was conducted. The outcomes of the study revealed the common DEGs between T1DM without complications and T1DM with different complications. The results revealed seven common candidate DEGs, SPINK9, TRDN, PVRL4, MYO3A, PDLIM1, KIAA1614 and GRP were upregulated in T1DM complications with significant increase in expression of SPINK9 (Fold change: 5.28, 3.79, 5.20, 3.79, 5.20) and MYO3A (Fold change: 4.14, 6.11, 2.60, 4.33, 4.49) in hyperlipidemia, neuropathy, ketoacidosis, hypothyroidism and PCOS, respectively. In addition, functional pathways of ion transport, mineral absorption and cytosolic calcium concentration were involved in regulation of candidate upregulated genes related to neuropathy, ketoacidosis and PCOS, respectively. The findings of this study represent a novel reference warranting further studies to shed light on the causative genetic factors that are involved in the onset and development of T1DM complications.
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Wu L, Fang Q, Wang M, Wang Y, Zhu X, Fang Z, Lu F, Xu B, Jin R, Han H, Tong X. Effect of weight loss on pregnancy outcomes, neuronal-reproductive-metabolic hormones and gene expression profiles in granulosa cells in obese infertile PCOS patients undergoing IVF-ET. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:954428. [PMID: 36246893 PMCID: PMC9562768 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.954428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of weight loss on pregnancy outcomes, PCOS related neuronal-reproductive-metabolic hormones and ovarian granulosa cell gene expression profiles in obese PCOS infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS 75 patients undergoing IVF-ET due to tubal factors alone collected as the control group (group A), and 352 patients with obese PCOS infertility were divided into four groups according to the amount of weight loss before IVF: 0 kg (group B), 1-5 kg (group C), 5-10 kg (group D), and >10 kg (group E). Six cases of ovarian granulosa cells were collected randomly with the random number table method in each group for detecting mRNA profiling. Pathway networks and biological functions of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed. Validation by RT-PCR was performed. RESULTS (1) The levels of luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone(T) and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) in group E were significantly lower than those in groups B and C (P<0.05). (2) Compared with groups A and E, groups B and C showed increased total gonadotropin (Gn) and days of Gn stimulation (P<0.05), and the E2 level on trigger day and number of oocytes obtained in group B was significantly less than that in group E (P<0.05 or 0.01). Embryo implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were increased and miscarriage rate was decreased in groups A, D and E compared with group B (P<0.05 or 0.01). (3) There were significant differences among the control group and PCOS groups in some genes that are involved in neuronal-reproductive-metabolic endocrine, transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation, etc (P<0.05). RNA-Seq results were validated by real time PCR analysis for the expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 7(Smad7) and glutathione peroxidase 3(GPX3) genes that are known to have an important role in follicular development. Functional alterations were confirmed by the improvement in the ovarian responsiveness to Gn and embryo quality. CONCLUSION Weight loss more than 5kg may regulate the neuroreproductive endocrine hormone secretion, insulin resistance and gene expression profiles of ovarian granulosa cells, so as to improve the ovarian responsiveness to Gn, the embryo quality, embryo implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, and reduce the spontaneous abortion rate in obese infertile PCOS patients undergoing IVF-ET. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1800018298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wu
- Reproductive and genetic branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qunying Fang
- Reproductive and genetic branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengli Wang
- Reproductive and genetic branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Graduate school, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yurui Wang
- Reproductive and genetic branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Reproductive and genetic branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaohui Fang
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Fangting Lu
- Reproductive and genetic branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Reproductive and genetic branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rentao Jin
- Reproductive and genetic branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhong Tong, ; Hui Han, ; Rentao Jin,
| | - Hui Han
- Neurology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhong Tong, ; Hui Han, ; Rentao Jin,
| | - Xianhong Tong
- Reproductive and genetic branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xianhong Tong, ; Hui Han, ; Rentao Jin,
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Xie Q, Xing Y, Zhou J, Wang L, Wu J, Chian RC. The effect of lysophosphatidic acid-supplemented culture medium on human immature oocytes matured in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:83. [PMID: 34088325 PMCID: PMC8176579 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysophosphatidic acid-supplemented culture medium significantly increases the oocyte maturation rate in vitro. However, potential targets and pathways involved remain unknown. METHODS A total of 43 women, who underwent cesarean section and aged between 18 and 35 years with good health, were included in this study. Immature oocytes were obtained and cultured with 10 µM lysophosphatidic acid. After culture, oocyte maturation was assessed and oocytes and cumulus cells were collected for RNA sequencing. Hierarchical indexing for spliced alignment of transcripts 2 method was used to align clean reads to the human genome. The featureCounts and edgeR package were used to calculate gene expression and analyze differences between groups respectively. ClusterProfiler program was used to perform Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. RESULTS Oocyte maturation rate increased significantly following 48 h culture with lysophosphatidic acid. In cumulus cells, Gene Ontology analysis revealed the top 20 items enriched by upregulated genes and downregulated genes respectively; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that upregulated genes in the treatment group were enriched in TNF signaling and insulin secretion pathways and downregulated genes were enriched in TNF signaling and cell adhesion molecules. In oocytes, Gene Ontology analysis revealed the top 20 items enriched by upregulated genes and downregulated genes respectively; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that upregulated genes in the treatment group were enriched in MAPK signaling, gap junction, and cell cycle pathways and downregulated genes were enriched in MAPK signaling, estrogen signaling, RAP1 signaling, and gap junction pathways. CONCLUSIONS Lysophosphatidic acid in culture medium enhances human oocyte maturation in vitro and the identified some potential pathways may associate with oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Xing
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, 301 Yanchang zhonglu, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, 301 Yanchang zhonglu, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ri-Cheng Chian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, 301 Yanchang zhonglu, 200072, Shanghai, China.
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