Das K, Keshava S, Mukherjee T, Wang J, Magisetty J, Kolesnick R, Pendurthi UR, Rao LVM. Factor VIIa releases phosphatidylserine-enriched extracellular vesicles from endothelial cells by activating acid sphingomyelinase.
J Thromb Haemost 2023;
21:3414-3431. [PMID:
37875382 DOI:
10.1016/j.jtha.2023.08.025]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Our recent studies showed that activated factor (F) VII (FVIIa) releases extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the endothelium. FVIIa-released EVs were found to be enriched with phosphatidylserine (PS) and contribute to the hemostatic effect of FVIIa in thrombocytopenia and hemophilia.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate mechanisms by which FVIIa induces EV biogenesis and enriches EVs with PS.
METHODS
FVIIa activation of acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) was evaluated by its translocation to the cell surface. The role of aSMase in the biogenesis of FVIIa-induced EVs and their enrichment with PS was investigated using specific siRNAs and inhibitors of aSMase and its downstream metabolites. Wild-type and aSMase-/- mice were injected with a control vehicle or FVIIa. EVs released into circulation were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis. EVs hemostatic potential was assessed in a murine thrombocytopenia model.
RESULTS
FVIIa activation of aSMase is responsible for both the externalization of PS and the release of EVs in endothelial cells. FVIIa-induced aSMase activation led to ceramide generation and de novo expression of transmembrane protein 16F. Inhibitors of ceramidases, sphingosine kinase, or sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator blocked FVIIa-induced expression of transmembrane protein 16F and PS externalization without interfering with FVIIa release of EVs. In vivo, FVIIa release of EVs was markedly impaired in aSMase-/- mice compared with wild-type mice. Administration of a low dose of FVIIa, sufficient to induce EVs release, corrected bleeding associated with thrombocytopenia in wild-type mice but not in aSMase-/- mice.
CONCLUSION
Our study identifies a novel mechanism by which FVIIa induces PS externalization and releases PS-enriched EVs.
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