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Zhao J, Xia F, Jiao X, Lyu X. Long COVID and its association with neurodegenerative diseases: pathogenesis, neuroimaging, and treatment. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1367974. [PMID: 38638307 PMCID: PMC11024438 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1367974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has presented unprecedented challenges to the world. Changes after acute COVID-19 have had a significant impact on patients with neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to explore the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases by examining the main pathways of central nervous system infection of SARS-CoV-2. Research has indicated that chronic inflammation and abnormal immune response are the primary factors leading to neuronal damage and long-term consequences of COVID-19. In some COVID-19 patients, the concurrent inflammatory response leads to increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may significantly impact the prognosis. Molecular imaging can accurately assess the severity of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with COVID-19 after the acute phase. Furthermore, the use of FDG-PET is advocated to quantify the relationship between neuroinflammation and psychiatric and cognitive symptoms in patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Future development should focus on aggressive post-infection control of inflammation and the development of targeted therapies that target ACE2 receptors, ERK1/2, and Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xue Jiao
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Lyu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Wuytack F, Evanoff BA, Dale AM, Gilbert F, Fadel M, Leclerc A, Descatha A. Development and evaluation of the gender-specific CONSTANCES job exposure matrix for physical risk factors in France. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023; 49:549-557. [PMID: 37669536 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to construct and evaluate a gender-specific job exposure matrix (JEM) for 27 physical work exposures, based on self-report. METHODS We constructed a JEM using questionnaire data on current physical exposures from 29 381 male and 35 900 female asymptomatic workers aged 18-69 years in the French CONSTANCES cohort study. We excluded workers with musculoskeletal pain to reduce potential reporting bias. We grouped 27 self-reported physical exposures using the French national job codes and stratified by gender. We compared individual and group-based exposures using the performance indicators Cohen's kappa (κ), sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). RESULTS JEM validation showed fair-to-moderate agreement (κ 0.21-0.60) for most physical exposures for both genders except for 'reach behind' (poor), 'bend neck' (poor), 'finger pinch' (poor), standing' (good), 'use computer screen' (good), and 'use keyboard or scanner' (good). We found the highest AUC for 'standing' (men 0.85/ women 0.87), 'kneel/squat' (men 0.80/women 0.81), 'use computer screen' (men/women 0.81), and 'use keyboard or scanner' (men 0.82/ women 0.84). The AUC was <0.60 for only three exposures: 'bend neck' (men 0.58/women 0.57), 'finger pinch' (men 0.56/ women 0.55), and 'reach behind' (men 0.54/ women 0.51). CONCLUSION The constructed JEM validation measures were comparable for men and women for all exposures. Further research will examine the predictive ability of this gender-specific JEM for musculoskeletal disorders and the relevance of gender-stratification in this process, knowing accuracy of each exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexis Descatha
- INSERM U1085, ESTER team, Faculté de santé - Département Médecine, 28 rue Roger Amsler, CS 74521, 49045 Angers cedex, France.
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Yanik EL, Keener JD, Stevens MJ, Walker-Bone KE, Dale AM, Ma Y, Colditz GA, Wright RW, Saccone NL, Jain NB, Evanoff BA. Occupational demands associated with rotator cuff disease surgery in the UK Biobank. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023; 49:53-63. [PMID: 36228192 PMCID: PMC10549913 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physically-demanding occupations may increase rotator cuff disease (RCD) risk and need for surgery. We linked a job-exposure matrix (JEM) to the UK Biobank cohort study to measure physical occupational exposures and estimate associations with RCD surgery. METHODS Jobs and UK Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes were recorded during the UK Biobank verbal interview. Lifetime job histories were captured through a web-based survey. UK SOC codes were linked to a JEM based on the US O*NET database. O*NET-based scores [static strength, dynamic strength, general physical activities, handling/moving objects (range=1-7), time spent using hands, whole body vibration, and cramped/awkward positions (range=1-5)] were assigned to jobs. RCD surgeries were identified through linked national hospital inpatient records. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) as estimates of associations with RCD surgery. Among those with lifetime job histories, associations were estimated for duration of time with greatest exposure (top quartile of exposure). RESULTS Of 277 808 people reporting jobs, 1997 (0.7%) had an inpatient RCD surgery. After adjusting for age, sex, race, education, area deprivation, and body mass index, all O*NET variables considered were associated with RCD surgery (HR per point increase range=1.10-1.45, all P<0.005). A total of 100 929 people reported lifetime job histories, in which greater exposures were significantly associated with RCD surgery after >10 years of work (eg, HR for 11-20 versus 0 years with static strength score ≥4 = 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.39-3.04). CONCLUSIONS Workplace physical demands are an important risk factor for RCD surgery, particularly for workers with more than a decade of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Yanik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Wang X, Perry TA, Caroupapoullé J, Forrester A, Arden NK, Hunter DJ. Monitoring work-related physical activity and estimating lower-limb loading: a proof-of-concept study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:552. [PMID: 34144697 PMCID: PMC8212530 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is important to general health and knee osteoarthritis (OA). Excessive workplace PA is an established risk factor for knee OA however, appropriate methods of measurement are unclear. There is a need to examine and assess the utility of new methods of measuring workplace PA and estimating knee load prior to application to large-scale, knee OA cohorts. Our aims, therefore, were to monitor workplace PA and estimate lower-limb loading across different occupations in health participants. METHODS Twenty-four healthy adults, currently working full-time in a single occupation (≥ 35 h/week) and free of musculoskeletal disease, comorbidity and had no history of lower-limb injury/surgery (past 12-months) were recruited across New South Wales (Australia). A convenience sample was recruited with occupations assigned to levels of workload; sedentary, light manual and heavy manual. Metrics of workplace PA including tasks performed (i.e., sitting), step-count and lower-limb loading were monitored over 10 working days using a daily survey, smartwatch, and a smartphone. RESULTS Participants of light manual occupations had the greatest between-person variations in mean lower-limb load (from 2 to 59 kg*m/s3). Lower-limb load for most participants of the light manual group was similar to a single participant in heavy manual work (30 kg*m/s3) and was at least three times greater than the sedentary group (2 kg*m/s3). The trends of workplace PA over working hours were largely consistent, per individual, but rare events of extreme loads were observed across all participants (up to 760 kg*m/s3). CONCLUSIONS There are large interpersonal variations in metrics of workplace PA, particularly among light and heavy manual occupations. Our estimates of lower-limb loading were largely consistent with pre-conceived levels of physical demand. We present a new approach to monitoring PA and estimating lower-limb loading, which could be applied to future occupational studies of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, 2065 St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Thomas A Perry
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, 2065 St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road, OX3 7LD Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy Caroupapoullé
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Forrester
- Independent Researcher, Town End Cottage, Grindon, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel K Arden
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road, OX3 7LD Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, 2065 St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
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Physical Exposures, Work Tasks, and OSHA-10 Training Among Temporary and Payroll Construction Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:e159-e165. [PMID: 29280774 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We characterize and compare the self-reported physical exposures, work tasks, and OSHA-10 training in a non-probabilistic sample of temporary and payroll construction workers. METHODS In June 2016, a total of 250 payroll and temporary general laborers employed at Florida construction sites completed a survey at the job site as part of the falls reported among minority employees (FRAME) study. RESULTS Workers employed through temp agencies (57.1%) were significantly more likely to report moving or lifting materials more than 100 pounds than payroll workers (38.5%; P < 0.01). Temporary construction workers with 10-hour OSHA training (22.2%) spent significantly less time with intense hand use/awkward hand posture than temporary workers without 10-hour OSHA training (46.9%; P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Temp construction workers with OSHA 10-hour training reported less hazardous physical postures than workers without the same training.
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Dale AM, Miller K, Gardner BT, Hwang CT, Evanoff B, Welch L. Observed use of voluntary controls to reduce physical exposures among sheet metal workers of the mechanical trade. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2016; 52:69-76. [PMID: 26360196 PMCID: PMC4631612 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the transfer into the workplace of interventions designed to reduce the physical demands of sheet metal workers. METHODS We reviewed videos from a case series of 15 sheet metal worksite assessments performed in 2007-2009 to score postures and physical loads, and to observe the use of recommended interventions to reduce physical exposures in sheet metal activities made by a NIOSH stakeholder meeting in 2002. RESULTS Workers showed consistent use of material handling devices, but we observed few uses of recommended interventions to reduce exposures during overhead work. Workers spent large proportions of time in awkward shoulder elevation and low back rotation postures. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the development of new technologies and system designs, increased adoption of existing tools and practices could reduce time spent in awkward postures and other risks for musculoskeletal disorders in sheet metal work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Dale
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Campus Box 8005, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Kim Miller
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Campus Box 8005, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Washington University School of Medicine, Program in Physical Therapy, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8502, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Bethany T Gardner
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Campus Box 8005, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ching-Ting Hwang
- Washington University School of Medicine, Program in Physical Therapy, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Campus Box 8502, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Bradley Evanoff
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Campus Box 8005, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Welch
- The Center for Construction Research and Training (CPWR), 8484 Georgia Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
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Dale AM, Gardner BT, Zeringue A, Strickland J, Descatha A, Franzblau A, Evanoff BA. Self-reported physical work exposures and incident carpal tunnel syndrome. Am J Ind Med 2014; 57:1246-54. [PMID: 25223617 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prospectively evaluate associations between self-reported physical work exposures and incident carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS Newly employed workers (n = 1,107) underwent repeated nerve conduction studies (NCS), and periodic surveys on hand symptoms and physical work exposures including average daily duration of wrist bending, forearm rotation, finger pinching, using vibrating tools, finger/thumb pressing, forceful gripping, and lifting >2 pounds. Multiple logistic regression models examined relationships between peak, most recent, and time-weighted average exposures and incident CTS, adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index. RESULTS 710 subjects (64.1%) completed follow-up NCS; 31 incident cases of CTS occurred over 3-year follow-up. All models describing lifting or forceful gripping exposures predicted future CTS. Vibrating tool use was predictive in some models. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported exposures showed consistent risks across different exposure models in this prospective study. Workers' self-reported job demands can provide useful information for targeting work interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Dale
- Division of General Medical Sciences; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Bethany T. Gardner
- Division of General Medical Sciences; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Angelique Zeringue
- Division of General Medical Sciences; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
- Department of Biostatistics; School of Public Health; St. Louis University; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Jaime Strickland
- Division of General Medical Sciences; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Alexis Descatha
- Inserm U1018-AP-HP; Occupational Health Unit, F92380; Garches France
| | - Alfred Franzblau
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences; University of Michigan School of Public Health; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Bradley A. Evanoff
- Division of General Medical Sciences; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
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Descatha A, Dale AM, Jaegers L, Herquelot E, Evanoff B. Self-reported physical exposure association with medial and lateral epicondylitis incidence in a large longitudinal study. Occup Environ Med 2013; 70:670-3. [PMID: 23825198 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2012-101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although previous studies have related occupational exposure and epicondylitis, the evidence is moderate and mostly based on cross-sectional studies. Suspected physical exposures were tested over a 3-year period in a large longitudinal cohort study of workers in the USA. METHOD In a population-based study including a variety of industries, 1107 newly employed workers were examined; only workers without elbow symptoms at baseline were included. Baseline questionnaires collected information on personal characteristics and self-reported physical work exposures and psychosocial measures for the current or most recent job at 6 months. Epicondylitis (lateral and medial) was the main outcome, assessed at 36 months based on symptoms and physical examination (palpation or provocation test). Logistic models included the most relevant associated variables. RESULTS Of 699 workers tested after 36 months who did not have elbow symptoms at baseline, 48 suffered from medial or lateral epicondylitis (6.9%), with 34 cases of lateral epicondylitis (4.9%), 30 cases of medial epicondylitis (4.3%) and 16 workers who had both. After adjusting for age, lack of social support and obesity, consistent associations were observed between self-reported wrist bending/twisting and forearm twisting/rotating/screwing motion and future cases of medial or lateral epicondylitis (ORs 2.8 (1.2 to 6.2) and 3.6 (1.2 to 11.0) in men and women, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported physical exposures that implicate repetitive and extensive/prolonged wrist bend/twisting and forearm movements were associated with incident cases of lateral and medial epicondylitis in a large longitudinal study, although other studies are needed to better specify the exposures involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Descatha
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Opsteegh L, Soer R, Reinders-Messelink HA, Reneman MF, van der Sluis CK. Validity of the dictionary of occupational titles for assessing upper extremity work demands. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15158. [PMID: 21151934 PMCID: PMC2997074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) is used in vocational rehabilitation to guide decisions about the ability of a person with activity limitations to perform activities at work. The DOT has categorized physical work demands in five categories. The validity of this categorization is unknown. Aim of this study was to investigate whether the DOT could be used validly to guide decisions for patients with injuries to the upper extremities. Four hypotheses were tested. Methods A database including 701 healthy workers was used. All subjects filled out the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, from which an Upper Extremity Work Demands score (UEWD) was derived. First, relation between the DOT-categories and UEWD-score was analysed using Spearman correlations. Second, variance of the UEWD-score in occupational groups was tested by visually inspecting boxplots and assessing kurtosis of the distribution. Third, it was investigated whether occupations classified in one DOT-category, could significantly differ on UEWD-scores. Fourth, it was investigated whether occupations in different DOT-categories could have similar UEWD-scores using Mann Whitney U-tests (MWU). Results Relation between the DOT-categories and the UEWD-score was weak (rsp = 0.40; p<.01). Overlap between categories was found. Kurtosis exceeded ±1.0 in 3 occupational groups, indicating large variance. UEWD-scores were significantly different within one DOT-category (MWU = 1.500; p<.001). UEWD scores between DOT-categories were not significantly different (MWU = 203.000; p = .49). Conclusion All four hypotheses could not be rejected. The DOT appears to be invalid for assessing upper extremity work demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke Opsteegh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Gardner BT, Lombardi DA, Dale AM, Franzblau A, Evanoff BA. Reliability of job-title based physical work exposures for the upper extremity: comparison to self-reported and observed exposure estimates. Occup Environ Med 2010; 67:538-47. [PMID: 20410076 PMCID: PMC9013011 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2008.044339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the agreement between job-title based estimates for upper extremity physical work exposures and exposure estimates from work observation and worker self-report. METHODS Self-reported exposure questionnaires were completed by 972 workers, and exposure estimates based on worksite observation were completed for a subset of 396 workers. Job-title based estimates were obtained from O*NET, an American database of job demands. Agreement between self-reported, observed and job-title based physical work exposures was assessed using Spearman correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS Job-title based exposure estimates from O*NET, self-reported and observer-rated exposures showed moderate to good levels of agreement for some upper extremity exposures, including lifting, forceful grip, use of vibrating tools and wrist bending. CONCLUSIONS Job-title based physical work exposure variables may provide useful surrogate measures of upper extremity exposure data in the absence of other individual level data such as observed or self-reported exposure. Further validation of these data is necessary to determine the utility of the O*NET databases in future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany T. Gardner
- Washington University School of Medicine, Program in Occupational Therapy, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David A. Lombardi
- Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Center for Injury Epidemiology, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann Marie Dale
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alfred Franzblau
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bradley A. Evanoff
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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