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Santos MJS, Canuto KM, de Aquino CC, Martins CS, Brito GAC, Pessoa TMRP, Bertolini LR, de Sá Carneiro I, Pinto DV, Nascimento JCR, da Silva BB, Valença JT, Guedes MIF, Owen JS, Oriá RB. A Brazilian regional basic diet-induced chronic malnutrition drives liver inflammation with higher ApoA-I activity in C57BL6J mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9031. [PMID: 32401929 PMCID: PMC7228546 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition is still considered endemic in many developing countries. Malnutrition-enteric infections may cause lasting deleterious effects on lipid metabolism, especially in children living in poor settings. The regional basic diet (RBD), produced to mimic the Brazilian northeastern dietary characteristics (rich in carbohydrate and low in protein) has been used in experimental malnutrition models, but few studies have explored the effect of chronic RBD on liver function, a central organ involved in cholesterol metabolism. This study aimed to investigate whether RBD leads to liver inflammatory changes and altered reverse cholesterol metabolism in C57BL6/J mice compared to the control group, receiving a standard chow diet. To evaluate liver inflammation, ionized calcium-binding adapter protein-1 (IBA-1) positive cell counting, interleukin (IL)-1β immunohistochemistry, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10 transcription levels were analyzed. In addition, we assessed reverse cholesterol transport by measuring liver apolipoprotein (Apo)E, ApoA-I, and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) by RT-PCR. Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was measured to assess liver function. RBD markedly impaired body weight gain compared with the control group (P<0.05). Higher hepatic TNF-α (P<0.0001) and IL-10 (P=0.001) mRNA levels were found in RBD-challenged mice, although without detectable non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Marked IBA-1 immunolabeling and increased number of positive-IBA-1 cells were found in the undernourished group. No statistical difference in serum ALT was found. There was also a significant increase in ApoA mRNA expression in the undernourished group, but not ApoE and LCAT, compared with the control. Altogether our findings suggested that chronic RBD-induced malnutrition leads to liver inflammation with increased ApoA-I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J S Santos
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - K M Canuto
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C C de Aquino
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C S Martins
- Núcleo de Microscopia e Processagem de Imagens, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - G A C Brito
- Núcleo de Microscopia e Processagem de Imagens, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - T M R P Pessoa
- Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L R Bertolini
- Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - I de Sá Carneiro
- Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D V Pinto
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J C R Nascimento
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - B B da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J T Valença
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M I F Guedes
- Laboratório de Biologia e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J S Owen
- Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, Hampstead, London, United Kingdom
| | - R B Oriá
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Alves JM, Luo S, Chow T, Herting M, Xiang AH, Page KA. Sex differences in the association between prenatal exposure to maternal obesity and hippocampal volume in children. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01522. [PMID: 31903710 PMCID: PMC7010582 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Animal studies have shown that male but not female offspring exposed to maternal obesity have abnormal hippocampal development. Similar sex differences were observed in animal models of developmental programming by prenatal stress or maternal diabetes. We aimed to translate this work into humans by examining sex-specific effects of exposure to maternal obesity on hippocampal volume in children. METHODS Eighty-eight children (37 boys and 51 girls) aged 7-11 years completed the study. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was obtained from electronic medical records. A high-resolution anatomical scan was performed using a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Total hippocampal volume and hippocampal subfield volumes were analyzed using FreeSurfer 6.0. Linear regression was used to investigate sex differences in relationships between maternal prepregnancy BMI and child hippocampal volume. RESULTS Maternal prepregnancy BMI ranged from 19.0 to 50.4 kg/m2 . We observed a significant interaction between maternal prepregnancy BMI and sex on total hippocampal volume (p < .001) such that boys (r = -.39, p = .018) but not girls (r = .11, p = .45) had a significant negative relationship between maternal prepregnancy BMI and total hippocampal volume. This relationship in boys remained significant after adjusting for child and maternal covariates (β = -126.98, p = .012). The sex interactions with prepregnancy BMI were consistently observed in hippocampal subfields CA1 (p = .008), CA2/3 (p = .016), CA4 (p = .002), dentate gyrus (p < .001), and subiculum (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our results support findings in animal models and suggest that boys may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of exposure to maternal obesity on hippocampal development than girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin M Alves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Megan Herting
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Page
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Liening AN, Epps SA. In Up to My Ears and Temporal Lobes: Effects of Early Life Stress on Epilepsy Development. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 55:17-40. [PMID: 33454921 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy and stress are each significant concerns in today's society, bearing heavy impacts on mental and physical health and overall quality of life. Unfortunately, the intersection between these is potentially even more concerning, as stress is a frequent trigger of seizures and may contribute to neural hyperexcitability. A growing body of research suggests a connection between early life stress (occurring in the prenatal or postnatal stage) and later development of epilepsy. While the larger part of this literature suggests that early life stress increases vulnerability for epilepsy development, there are a number of interacting factors influencing this relationship. These factors include developmental stage at which both stressor and seizure assessment occur, type of stressor, sex effects, and type of seizure (convulsive or non-convulsive). Additionally, a number of potential mechanisms have been identified, including activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroinflammation, altered inhibitory/excitatory balance, and temporal lobe structures. Developing a clearer understanding of this relationship between early life stress and epilepsy, the factors that influence it, and underlying mechanisms that may serve as targets for intervention is crucial to improving quality of life for persons with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery N Liening
- Department of Psychology, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - S Alisha Epps
- Department of Psychology, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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Late-emerging effects of perinatal undernutrition in neuronal limbic structures underlying the maternal response in the rat. Brain Res 2018; 1700:31-40. [PMID: 29964024 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Maternal care in the rat is an ancient behavioral response to specific multisensory inputs widely integrated in a complex forebrain, limbic and brain stem network to meet the basic needs of the young. Early undernutrition interferes with the morphofunctional organization of the brain, including maternal circuitry. The late-emerging effects of pre- and neonatal undernutrition on nest building and pup retrieval by lactating Wistar rats were correlated with dendritic arbor and perikaryon measurements (Golgi-Cox) in layer II pyramidal neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex, layer III pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex and multipolar basolateral amygdala neurons examined on lactation days 4 and 12. In the underfed group, pregnant F0 dams received different percentages of a balanced diet. After birth, prenatally underfed (F1) pups continued the undernutrition by remaining with a nipple-ligated mother for 12 h. Weaning occurred at 25 days of age, and pups were subsequently provided an ad libitum diet. At 90 days of age, F1 dams were maternally tested. Early underfed dams showed significant reductions in nest building and prolonged retrieval latencies for grasping pups by inappropriate body areas. The behavioral alterations were concurrent with highly significant reductions in the somatic cross-sectional area and perimeter, spine density and dendritic crossings of cingulate cells and medial prefrontal cortical pyramids, as well as smaller effects on amygdala neurons. The anatomical findings suggest different postsynaptic organizations that may affect the neuronal excitability stages for the integration and encoding of cues triggering the altered maternal response components of early underfed dams.
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Hunter DS, Hazel SJ, Kind KL, Owens JA, Pitcher JB, Gatford KL. Programming the brain: Common outcomes and gaps in knowledge from animal studies of IUGR. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:233-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Medeiros LDB, Vitor-de-Lima SM, Lira Benevides RDD, do Egypto Queiroga RDCR, Araújo Guedes RC. Neonatal administration of goat whey modulates memory and cortical spreading depression in rats previously suckled under different litter sizes: Possible role of sialic acid. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:108-115. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1227762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Simão F, Habekost Oliveira V, Nunes ML. Enhanced susceptibility to seizures modulated by high interleukin‐1β levels during early life malnutrition. Dev Neurobiol 2016; 76:1150-9. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Simão
- Neuroscience LaboratoryBiomedical Research Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS)Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Victória Habekost Oliveira
- Neuroscience LaboratoryBiomedical Research Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS)Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Magda Lahourgue Nunes
- Neuroscience LaboratoryBiomedical Research Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS)Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- School of Medicine and Brain Institute (InsCer)Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS)Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Effects of undernourishment, recurrent seizures and enriched environment during early life in hippocampal morphology. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 33:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lopez-Jimenez D, Torrero C, Regalado M, Salas M. Effects of Perinatal Undernutrition and Massage Stimulation upon the Ambiguus Nucleus in the Rat Prior to Weaning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2013.32021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fetal stress and programming of hypoxic/ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the neonatal brain: mechanisms and possible interventions. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 98:145-65. [PMID: 22627492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence of epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies has clearly shown a close link between adverse in utero environment and the increased risk of neurological, psychological and psychiatric disorders in later life. Fetal stresses, such as hypoxia, malnutrition, and fetal exposure to nicotine, alcohol, cocaine and glucocorticoids may directly or indirectly act at cellular and molecular levels to alter the brain development and result in programming of heightened brain vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and the development of neurological diseases in the postnatal life. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. However, glucocorticoids may play a crucial role in epigenetic programming of neurological disorders of fetal origins. This review summarizes the recent studies about the effects of fetal stress on the abnormal brain development, focusing on the cellular, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms and highlighting the central effects of glucocorticoids on programming of hypoxic-ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the neonatal brain, which may enhance the understanding of brain pathophysiology resulting from fetal stress and help explore potential targets of timely diagnosis, prevention and intervention in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and other brain disorders.
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Effects of enriched environment in spatial learning and memory of immature rats submitted to early undernourish and seizures. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 30:363-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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de Souza TKM, e Silva MB, Gomes AR, de Oliveira HM, Moraes RB, de Freitas Barbosa CT, Guedes RCA. Potentiation of spontaneous and evoked cortical electrical activity after spreading depression: in vivo analysis in well-nourished and malnourished rats. Exp Brain Res 2011; 214:463-9. [PMID: 21863260 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is influenced by brain excitability and is related to neurological diseases, such as epilepsy. In vitro evidence indicates that neuronal electrical activity is potentiated after CSD. Malnutrition can cause electrophysiological changes in the brain, both in animals and in humans. Here, we investigated in vivo whether CSD potentiates the amplitude of electrocorticogram (ECoG) and of transcallosal evoked responses in adult well-nourished (W), early-malnourished (M), and food-restricted rats. ECoG amplitudes were compared before and after CSD, at two parietal regions (designated the anterior and posterior regions). In the anterior region, post-CSD amplitudes of the ECoG waves were 13-23% higher (P < 0.05) than the pre-CSD values in all groups. In the posterior region, amplitudes increased 22% in the M group only (P < 0.05). In a fourth CSD-free group, ECoG amplitude did not change during the four recording hours. Transcallosal electrically evoked cortical responses also increased 21.5 ± 9.6% and 41.8 ± 28.5%, after CSD, in the W and M conditions, respectively, as compared to pre-CSD values. The data support the hypothesis of an in vivo CSD potentiation on cortical excitability as recorded by spontaneous and evoked electrical activity and modulation by nutritional status.
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