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Soni P, Ghufran MS, Olakkaran S, Puttaswamygowda GH, Duddukuri GR, Kanade SR. Epigenetic alterations induced by aflatoxin B 1: An in vitro and in vivo approach with emphasis on enhancer of zeste homologue-2/p21 axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143175. [PMID: 33131875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potent environmental toxicant aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), is a group I carcinogen reported to induce the expression of many cancer associated proteins. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications play vital role in AFB1-mediated carcinogenesis. These epigenetic modifications may result in the recruitment of specific proteins and transcription factors to the promoter region and regulate gene expression. Here we show that AFB1, at lower concentrations (100 and 1000 nM) induced proliferation in L-132 and HaCaT cells with activation of the Akt pathway, which ultimately steered abnormal proliferation and transmission of survival signals. We demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of p21 with a remarkable increase in the expression of cyclin D1 that correlated with increased methylation of CpG dinucleotides in p21 proximal promoter, while cyclin D1 promoter remained unmethylated. The chromatin immunoprecipitation results revealed the enrichment of DNMT3a and H3K27me3 repressive marks on the p21 proximal promoter where EZH2 mediated H3K27me3 mark enhanced the binding of DNMT3a at the promoter and further contributed to the transcriptional inactivation. The overall study provided the novel information on the impact of AFB1 on p21 inactivation via EZH2 and promoter methylation which is known to be a vital process in proliferation. Furthermore, AFB1 induced the expression of EZH2 analogue protein E(z), cyclin D1 analogue cyclin D and decreased the expression of p21 analogue Dacapo in Drosophila melanogaster. Interestingly, the aggressiveness in their expression upon re-exposure in successive generations suggested first hand perspectives on multigenerational epigenetic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Soni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Md Sajid Ghufran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Shilpa Olakkaran
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod 671316, Kerala, India
| | | | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Li Q, Zhao D, Chen Q, Luo M, Huang J, Yang C, Wang F, Li W, Liu T. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell-based or umbilical vein endothelial cell-based serum-free coculture with cytokines supports the ex vivo expansion/maintenance of cord blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:376. [PMID: 31806004 PMCID: PMC6894464 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been widely accepted as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) for transplantation, and its use in adults is still restricted because of low absolute numbers. To overcome this obstacle, expansion of UCB-HSPCs under feeder cell-based coculture is a promising possibility. In this study, we explored UCB-CD34+ cells ex vivo expansion using Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) or umbilical vein endothelial cells (UVECs) as feeder layer-based serum-free coculture system with a cocktail of cytokines. Methods UCB-CD34+ cells were cultured in five different coculture conditions composed of umbilical cord stromal cells (WJ-MSCs or UVECs) with or without a cocktail of cytokines (SCF, FLT3L, and TPO). The cultured cells were harvested at day 10 and analyzed for phenotypes and functionalities, including total nuclear cells (TNCs), CD34+ cells, CD34+CD38− cells, colony-forming unit (CFU) for committed progenitors, and long-term culture initiating cells (LTC-ICs) for HSPCs. Results Our work showed the numbers of TNC cells, CD34+ cells, and CD34+CD38− cells were expanded under five coculture conditions, and the feeder layer-based cocultures further promoted the expansion. The numbers of colonies of CFU-GM, CFU-E/BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM in the cocultures with cytokines were significantly higher than their counterparts at day 0 (p < 0.05), while no significant difference (p > 0.05) in those without the addition of cytokines. The numbers of LTC-ICs were increased both under the WJ-MSCs and UVECs with cytokine cocultures, but only in the UVECs group showed a significant difference (p < 0.05), and were decreased under conditions without cytokine (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our data demonstrate that both WJ-MSCs and UVECs as feeder layer could efficiently support the expansion of UCB-CD34+ cells in synergy with SCF, FLT3L, and TPO under serum-free culture condition. The UVECs combined with the 3GF cytokine cocktail could maintain the growth of LTC-ICs derived from UCB-CD34+ cells and even expand to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maowen Luo
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Yang
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Li
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Smith AK, Conneely KN, Pace TW, Mister D, Felger JC, Kilaru V, Akel MJ, Vertino PM, Miller AH, Torres MA. Epigenetic changes associated with inflammation in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 38:227-36. [PMID: 24583204 PMCID: PMC4312666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been associated with fatigue during and after various types of breast cancer treatments. We examined whether prior chemotherapy was associated with DNA methylation patterns that could explain persisting inflammation and/or fatigue in women treated for breast cancer. Prior to breast radiation therapy, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 61 Stage 0-IIIA breast cancer patients who had received partial mastectomy with or without chemotherapy. DNA methylation was assessed at >485,000 CpG sites across the genome along with fatigue and plasma inflammatory markers previously associated with fatigue. Compared to non-chemotherapy-treated, women who had received chemotherapy exhibited significantly decreased methylation at eight CpG sites (p<1.03×10(-7)) including four in exon 11 of transmembrane protein 49 (TMEM49), which demonstrated the largest decreases in methylation. Lower methylation at each identified CpG site was associated with increased plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2) and interleukin (IL)-6 and mediated the relationship between chemotherapy and increases in these inflammatory biomarkers adjusting for multiple clinical and treatment characteristics. sTNFR2, but not CpG methylation status, was correlated with fatigue. Six months after breast radiation therapy, DNA methylation, inflammatory biomarkers and fatigue assessments were repeated in a subset of subjects (N=39). Reduced methylation in 4 of the 8 identified CpG sites was still observed in chemotherapy versus non-chemotherapy-treated patients, albeit with some decay indicating the dynamic and potentially reversible nature of the changes. Reduced methylation in these 4 CpG sites also continued to correlate with either increased sTNFR2 or IL-6, but not fatigue. In conclusion, prior chemotherapy treatment was associated with decreased methylation of CpG sites in DNA from PBMCs of breast cancer patients, which correlated with increased inflammatory markers prior to and 6months after radiation therapy. Persisting epigenetic changes secondary to chemotherapy may be one factor that contributes to inflammation and its consequences including cancer-related fatigue in vulnerable breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Karen N. Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Biomedical Research Building, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Thaddeus W.W. Pace
- College of Nursing & College of Medicine (Department of Psychiatry), University of Arizona, 1305 N. Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, Untied States
| | - Donna Mister
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Jennifer C. Felger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Varun Kilaru
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Mary J. Akel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Paula M. Vertino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Andrew H. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Mylin A. Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Rd. NE, Building A, Rm 1307A, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States. Tel.: +1 404 778 3473 (O); fax: +1 404 778 3643
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Kiani AA, Abdi J, Halabian R, Roudkenar MH, Amirizadeh N, Soleiman Soltanpour M, Kazemi A. Over expression of HIF-1α in human mesenchymal stem cells increases their supportive functions for hematopoietic stem cells in an experimental co-culture model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:85-98. [PMID: 23710560 DOI: 10.1179/1607845413y.0000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow transplantation is a critical approach for the treatment of many hematological disorders. Success of this approach is dependent on many factors the most important of which is the number of hematopoietic stem cells along with an efficient stroma. Co-transplantation of efficient mesenchymal stem cells can greatly improve the outcome of transplantations. Current researches assign a critical role for hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α in protection of various cells and tissues probably through induction of cytokines. To make this feature applicable to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, we manipulated these cells to over express HIF-1α gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS Full-length cDNA of human HIF-1α was inserted into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by pcDNA.3.1 non-viral plasmid vector, and the effect of this over expression on production of some hematopoietic growth factors was explored. Moreover, using a co-culture system, the interactive impact of HIF-1α-overexpressed mesenchymal stem cells on hematopoietic stem cells was evaluated. Results Over expression of HIF-1α in mesenchymal stem cells in normoxia increased production of one of the most important hematopoietic growth factors, Stem cell factor (also known as Steel factor or c-kit ligand). HIF-1α overexpression had no effect on production of other hematopoietic growth factors. In co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells-HIF-1α with hematopoietic stem cells, enhancement of colony formation and reduced differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells were observed. Conclusion Over expression of HIF-1α in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells can augment the production of some hematopoietic growth factors, and we suggest this response of mesenchymal stem cells could help to improve the outcome of bone marrow transplantation.
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