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Synergistic Lethality Effects of Apatinib and Homoharringtonine in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9005804. [PMID: 36081666 PMCID: PMC9448536 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9005804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The significance of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 in numerous solid tumors and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been demonstrated, but Apatinib remains largely unexplored. In this study, whether Apatinib combined with homoharringtonine (HHT) kills AML cell lines and its possible mechanisms have been explored. Methods AML cell lines were treated with Apatinib and HHT in different concentrations with control, Apatinib alone, HHT alone, and Apatinib combined with HHT. The changes of IC50 were measured by CCK8 assay, and apoptosis rate, cell cycle, and the mitochondrial membrane potential in each group were measured by flow cytometry. Finally, the possible cytotoxicity mechanism was analyzed by Western blotting. Results Our results noted that Apatinib combined with HHT remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, reduced the capacity of colony-forming, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in AML cells. Mechanistically, Apatinib and HHT play a role as a suppressor in the expression of VEGFR-2 and the downstream signaling cascades, such as the PI3K, MAPK, and STAT3 pathways. Conclusion Our preclinical data demonstrate that Apatinib combined with HHT exerts a better antileukemia effect than Apatinib alone by inhibiting the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, suggesting the potential role of Apatinib and HHT in the treatment of AML. This study provides clinicians with innovative combination therapies and new therapeutic targets for the treatment of AML.
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Dao FT, Wang J, Yang L, Qin YZ. Development of a poor-prognostic-mutations derived immune prognostic model for acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4856. [PMID: 33649342 PMCID: PMC7921432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia cell-intrinsic somatic mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities have been used to define risk categories in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In addition, since the immune microenvironment might influence prognosis and somatic mutations have been demonstrated to modulate the immune microenvironment in AML, there is need for developing and evaluating an immune prognostic model (IPM) derived from mutations associated with poor prognosis. Based on AML cases with intermediate and adverse-cytogenetic risk in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, 64 immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among patients with RUNX1, TP53, or ASXL1 mutations and patients without these mutations were identified. After Cox proportional hazards analysis, an IPM composed of PYCARD and PEAR1 genes was constructed. IPM defined high-risk (IPM-HR) independently predicted lower 2-year overall survival (OS) rates in both patients with intermediate and adverse-cytogenetic risks and non-M3 patients in the TCGA AML cohort. The poor prognostic impact of IPM-HR on OS was further validated by GSE71014, 37642, and 10358 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Furthermore, IPM-HR was remarkably associated with higher proportions of CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), lower proportions of eosinophils, and higher expression of the checkpoint molecules CTLA-4, PD-1, and LAG3 in the TCGA non-M3 AML cohort. In summary, we developed and validated an IPM derived from mutations related with poor prognosis in AML, which would provide new biomarkers for patient stratification and personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ting Dao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Qin
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Deng M, Zhao H, Chen Q, Zhao J, Shi Y, Yu L, Fang Z, Xu B. CS2164 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia cell growth via inhibiting VEGFR2 signaling in preclinical models. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:193-200. [PMID: 30928630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises from neoplastic transformation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy remains one of the greatest challenges in treating the disease. Extensive data have demonstrated that angiogenesis is associated with AML progression and chemotherapy resistance. Thus, targeting angiogenesis may be a promising approach for AML treatment. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of CS2164 (named as Chiauranib), a novel receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in AML cells. Our results illustrated that CS2164 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and abolished clonogenicity in AML cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, CS2164 markedly induced apoptosis of AML cell lines and primary AML cells from 42 adult patients. Furthermore, we found that CS2164 has a comprehensive activity against AML irrespective of disease status and genetic mutations. Also, CS2164 suppressed AML growth in xenograft models in vivo. Mechanistically, CS2164-induced cytotoxicity was closely associated with inhibition of VEGFR2 and its downstream signaling cascades, including Src/Fyn/p38 and Erk/MEK. In conclusion, our study indicates that CS2164 exerts anti-leukemia effect by inducing apoptosis through suppressing the VEGFR2 pathway, supporting a potential role for CS2164 in the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, PR China
| | - Haijun Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, PR China
| | - Qinwei Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, PR China
| | - Jintao Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, PR China
| | - Yuanfei Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, PR China
| | - Lian Yu
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Longyan First Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, PR China.
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, PR China.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, PR China.
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Deng M, Zha J, Jiang Z, Jia X, Shi Y, Li P, Chen XL, Fang Z, Du Z, Xu B. Apatinib exhibits anti-leukemia activity in preclinical models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Transl Med 2018; 16:47. [PMID: 29490645 PMCID: PMC5831852 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal malignant disorder characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of immature B or T lymphocytes. Extensive studies have suggested an involvement of angiogenesis signaling in ALL progression and resistance to treatment. Thus, targeting angiogenesis with anti-angiogenic drugs may be a promising approach for ALL treatment. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of Apatinib, a novel receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor selectively targeting VEGFR-2 in ALL cells. Method ALL cell lines were treated with different concentration of Apatinib and then CCK8 assay, flow cytometry were used to determine the IC50 value and cell apoptosis, respectively. The effect of Apatinib against primary ALL cells from 11 adult patients and normal counterparts were also analyzed by apoptosis with flow cytometry. Next, we used western bolting and mass cytometry (CyTOF) assay to explore the underlying mechanism of the cytotoxicity of Apatinib. Finally, the anti-leukemia activity was further evaluated in an in vivo xenograft model of ALL. Results Our results showed that Apatinib significantly inhibited cell growth and promoted apoptosis in both B and T lineage ALL cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values of Apatinib against Nalm6, Reh, Jurkat and Molt4 for 48 h were 55.76 ± 13.19, 51.53 ± 10.74, 32.43 ± 5.58, 39.91 ± 9.88 μmol/L, and for 72 h were 30.34 ± 2.65, 31.96 ± 3.92, 17.62 ± 5.90, and 17.65 ± 2.17 μmol/L respectively. Similarly, Apatinib shows cytotoxic activity against primary adult ALL cells while sparing their normal counterparts in vitro. Moreover, Apatinib suppressed ALL growth and progression in an in vivo xenograft model. Mechanistically, Apatinib-induced cytotoxicity was closely associated with inhibition of VEGFR2 and its downstream signaling cascades, including the PI3 K, MAPK and STAT3 pathways. Conclusion Our study indicates that Apatinib exerts its anti-leukemia effect by inducing apoptosis through suppressing the VEGFR2 signaling pathway, supporting a potential role for Apatinib in the treatment of ALL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1421-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zha
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Southern China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuanfei Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Southern China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Department of Translational Science, Amgen Asia R&D Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People's Republic of China.
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García-Caballero M, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MA, Quesada AR. The Natural Antiangiogenic Compound AD0157 Induces Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:802. [PMID: 29163182 PMCID: PMC5682012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer especially relevant in the development and the appearance of leukemia drug resistance mechanisms. The development of new drugs that could trigger apoptosis in aggressive hematological malignancies, such as AML and CML, may be considered a promising antileukemic strategy. AD0157, a natural marine pyrrolidinedione, has already been described as a compound that inhibits angiogenesis by induction of apoptosis in endothelial cells. The crucial role played by defects in the apoptosis pathways in the pathogenesis, progression and response to conventional therapies of several forms of leukemia, moved us to analyze the effect of this compound on the growth and death of leukemia cells. In this work, human myeloid leukemia cells (HL60, U937 and KU812F) were treated with AD0157 ranging from 1 to 10 μM and an experimental battery was applied to evaluate its apoptogenic potential. We report here that AD0157 was highly effective to inhibit cell growth by promotion of apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells, and provide evidence of its mechanisms of action. The apoptogenic activity of AD0157 on leukemia cells was verified by an increased chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, and confirmed by an augmentation in the apoptotic subG1 population, translocation of the membrane phosphatidylserine from the inner face of the plasma membrane to the cell surface and by cleavage of the apoptosis substrates PARP and lamin-A. In addition, AD0157 in the low micromolar range significantly enhanced the activities of the initiator caspases-8 and -9, and the effector caspases-3/-7 in a dose-dependent manner. Results presented here throw light on the apoptogenic mechanism of action of AD0157, mediated through caspase-dependent cascades, with an especially relevant role played by mitochondria. Altogether, these results suggest the therapeutic potential of this compound for the treatment of human myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa García-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Unidad 741 de CIBER "de Enfermedades Raras" (CIBERER), Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatríz Martínez-Poveda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Unidad 741 de CIBER "de Enfermedades Raras" (CIBERER), Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Medina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Unidad 741 de CIBER "de Enfermedades Raras" (CIBERER), Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana R Quesada
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Unidad 741 de CIBER "de Enfermedades Raras" (CIBERER), Málaga, Spain
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Shahrabi S, Rezaeeyan H, Ahmadzadeh A, Shahjahani M, Saki N. Bone Marrow Blood Vessels: Normal and Neoplastic Niche. Oncol Rev 2016; 10:306. [PMID: 27994770 PMCID: PMC5136754 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2016.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are among the most important factors in the transport of materials such as nutrients and oxygen. This study will review the role of blood vessels in normal bone marrow hematopoiesis as well as pathological conditions like leukemia and metastasis. Relevant literature was identified by a Pubmed search (1992-2016) of English-language papers using the terms bone marrow, leukemia, metastasis, and vessel. Given that blood vessels are conduits for the transfer of nutrients, they create a favorable situation for cancer cells and cause their growth and development. On the other hand, blood vessels protect leukemia cells against chemotherapy drugs. Finally, it may be concluded that the vessels are an important factor in the development of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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