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Cooley MB, Wegierak D, Exner AA. Using imaging modalities to predict nanoparticle distribution and treatment efficacy in solid tumors: The growing role of ultrasound. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1957. [PMID: 38558290 PMCID: PMC11006412 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanomedicine in oncology has not had the success in clinical impact that was anticipated in the early stages of the field's development. Ideally, nanomedicines selectively accumulate in tumor tissue and reduce systemic side effects compared to traditional chemotherapeutics. However, this has been more successful in preclinical animal models than in humans. The causes of this failure to translate may be related to the intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. Predicting whether a patient will respond positively to treatment prior to its initiation, through evaluation of characteristics like nanoparticle extravasation and retention potential in the tumor, may be a way to improve nanomedicine success rate. While there are many potential strategies to accomplish this, prediction and patient stratification via noninvasive medical imaging may be the most efficient and specific strategy. There have been some preclinical and clinical advances in this area using MRI, CT, PET, and other modalities. An alternative approach that has not been studied as extensively is biomedical ultrasound, including techniques such as multiparametric contrast-enhanced ultrasound (mpCEUS), doppler, elastography, and super-resolution processing. Ultrasound is safe, inexpensive, noninvasive, and capable of imaging the entire tumor with high temporal and spatial resolution. In this work, we summarize the in vivo imaging tools that have been used to predict nanoparticle distribution and treatment efficacy in oncology. We emphasize ultrasound imaging and the recent developments in the field concerning CEUS. The successful implementation of an imaging strategy for prediction of nanoparticle accumulation in tumors could lead to increased clinical translation of nanomedicines, and subsequently, improved patient outcomes. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela B Cooley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dana Wegierak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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2
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Haghi H, Kolios MC. Numerical investigation of the effect of bubble properties on the linear resonance frequency shift due to inter-bubble interactions in ultrasonically excited lipid coated microbubbles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 104:106831. [PMID: 38428306 PMCID: PMC10912878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasonically excited microbubbles (MBs) have numerous applications in various fields, such as drug delivery, and imaging. Ultrasonically excited MBs are known to be nonlinear oscillators that generate secondary acoustic emissions in the media when excited by a primary ultrasound wave. The propagation of acoustic waves in the liquid is limited to the speed of sound, resulting in each MB receiving the primary and secondary waves at different times depending on their distance from the ultrasound source and the distance between MBs. These delays are referred to as primary and secondary delays, respectively. A previous study demonstrated that the inclusion of secondary delays in a model describing the interactions between MBs exposed to ultrasound results in an increase in the linear resonance frequency of MBs as they approach each other. This work investigates the impact of various MB properties on the change in linear resonance frequency resulting from changes in inter-bubble distances. The effects of shell properties, including the initial surface tension, surface dilatational viscosity of the shell monolayer, elastic compression modulus of the shell, and the initial radius of the MBs, are examined. MB size is a significant factor influencing the rate of linear resonance frequency increase with increasing concentration. Moreover, it is found that the shell properties of MBs play a negligible role in the rate of change in linear resonance frequency of MBs as the inter-bubble distances change.The findings of this study have implications for various applications of MBs in the biomedical field. By understanding the impact of inter-bubble distances and shell properties on the linear resonance frequency of MBs, the utilization of MBs in applications reliant on their resonant behavior can be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Haghi
- Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between St. Michael's Hospital and Toronto Metropolitan University, 209 Victoria St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between St. Michael's Hospital and Toronto Metropolitan University, 209 Victoria St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Almasri F, Sakarya EH, Karshafian R. Radioenhancement with the Combination of Docetaxel and Ultrasound Microbubbles: In Vivo Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051468. [PMID: 37242710 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an in vitro prostate cancer model, we previously demonstrated the significant enhancement of radiotherapy (XRT) with the combined treatment of docetaxel (Taxotere; TXT) and ultrasound-microbubbles (USMB). Here, we extend these findings to an in vivo cancer model. Severe combined immune-deficient male mice were xenografted with the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line in the hind leg and treated with USMB, TXT, radiotherapy (XRT), and their combinations. The tumors were imaged with ultrasound pre-treatment and 24 h post-treatment, following which they were extracted for the histological analysis of the tumor-cell death (DN; H&E) and apoptosis (DA; TUNEL). The tumors' growths were assessed for up to ~6 weeks and analysed using the exponential Malthusian tumor-growth model. The tumors' doubling time (VT) was characterized as growth (positive) or shrinkage (negative). The cellular death and apoptosis increased ~5-fold with the TXT + USMB + XRT (Dn = 83% and Da = 71%) compared to the XRT alone (Dn = 16% and Da = 14%), and by ~2-3-fold with the TXT + XRT (Dn = 50% and Da = 38%) and USMB + XRT (Dn = 45% and Da = 27%) compared to the XRT. The USMB enhanced the cellular bioeffects of the TXT by ~2-5-fold with the TXT + USMB (Dn = 42% and Da = 50%), compared with the TXT alone (Dn = 19% and Da = 9%). The USMB alone caused cell death (Dn = 17% and Da = 10%) compared to the untreated control (Dn = 0.4% and Da = 0%). The histological cellular bioeffects were correlated with the changes in the ultrasound RF mid-band-fit data, which were associated with the cellular morphology. The linear regression analysis displayed a positive linear correlation between the mid-band fit and the overall cell death (R2 = 0.9164), as well as a positive linear correlation between the mid-band fit and the apoptosis (R2 = 0.8530). These results demonstrate a correlation between the histological and spectral measurements of the tissue microstructure and that cellular morphological changes can be detected by ultrasound scattering analysis. In addition, the tumor volumes from the triple-combination treatment were significantly smaller than those from the control, XRT, USMB + XRT, and TXT + XRT, from day 2 onward. The TXT + USMB + XRT-treated tumors shrank from day 2 and at each subsequent time-point measured (VT ~-6 days). The growth of the XRT-treated tumors was inhibited during the first 16 days, following which the tumors grew (VT ~9 days). The TXT + XRT and USMB + XRT groups displayed an initial decrease in tumor size (day 1-14; TXT + XRT VT ~-12 days; USMB + XRT VT ~-33 days), followed by a growth phase (day 15-37; TXT + XRT VT ~11 days; USMB + XRT VT ~22 days). The triple-combination therapy induced tumor shrinkage to a greater extent than any of the other treatments. This study demonstrates the in vivo radioenhancement potential of chemotherapy combined with therapeutic ultrasound-microbubble treatment in inducing cell death and apoptosis, as well as long-term tumor shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Almasri
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Department, International University of Science and Technology in Kuwait, Ardiya 92400, Kuwait
| | - Emmanuel H Sakarya
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Raffi Karshafian
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), A Partnership Between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
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Shin SS, Hwang M, Diaz-Arrastia R, Kilbaugh TJ. Inhalational Gases for Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2634-2651. [PMID: 33940933 PMCID: PMC8820834 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite multiple prior pharmacological trials in traumatic brain injury (TBI), the search for an effective, safe, and practical treatment of these patients remains ongoing. Given the ease of delivery and rapid absorption into the systemic circulation, inhalational gases that have neuroprotective properties will be an invaluable resource in the clinical management of TBI patients. In this review, we perform a systematic review of both pre-clinical and clinical reports describing inhalational gas therapy in the setting of TBI. Hyperbaric oxygen, which has been investigated for many years, and some of the newest developments are reviewed. Also, promising new therapies such as hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide gas, and nitric oxide are discussed. Moreover, novel therapies such as xenon and argon gases and delivery methods using microbubbles are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Shin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Misun Hwang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd J. Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Akbar A, Pillalamarri N, Jonnakuti S, Ullah M. Artificial intelligence and guidance of medicine in the bubble. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:108. [PMID: 34108005 PMCID: PMC8191053 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbubbles are nanosized gas-filled bubbles. They are used in clinical diagnostics, in medical imaging, as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging, and as transporters for targeted drug delivery. They can also be used to treat thrombosis, neoplastic diseases, open arteries and vascular plaques and for localized transport of chemotherapies in cancer patients. Microbubbles can be filled with any type of therapeutics, cure agents, growth factors, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, miRNAs, and drugs. Microbubbles protect their cargo from immune attack because of their specialized encapsulated shell composed of lipid and protein. Filled with curative medicine, they could effectively circulate through the whole body safely and efficiently to reach the target area. The advanced bubble-based drug-delivery system, integrated with artificial intelligence for guidance, holds great promise for the targeted delivery of drugs and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akbar
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Innovation and Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nagavalli Pillalamarri
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Sriya Jonnakuti
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Innovation and Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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6
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Nittayacharn P, Abenojar E, La Deda M, Ricciardi L, Strangi G, Exner AA. Iridium(III) Complex-Loaded Perfluoropropane Nanobubbles for Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 33:1057-1068. [PMID: 33677967 PMCID: PMC10108504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a novel promising approach for the minimally invasive treatment of cancer derived from photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, we have explored an effective sonosensitizer for SDT by loading the iridium(III) complex [Ir(ppy)2(en)] OOCCH3, where ppy = 2-phenylpyridine and en = ethylenediamine], from now on referred to as Ir, with high photosensitizing ability, into echogenic nanobubbles (Ir-NBs). Akin to photosensitizers, sonosensitizers are acoustically activated by deep-tissue-penetrating low-frequency ultrasound (US) resulting in a localized therapeutic effect attributed to an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Ir-NB formulation was optimized, and the in vitro characterizations were carried out, including physical properties, acoustic performance, intracellular ROS generation, and cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines. Ir-NBs had an average size of 303.3 ± 91.7 nm with a bubble concentration of 9.28 × 1010 particles/mL immediately following production. We found that the initial Ir feeding concentration had a negligible effect on the NB size, but affected the bubble concentration as well as the acoustic performance of the NBs. Through a combination of sonication and Ir-NBs treatment, an increase of 68.8% and 69.6% cytotoxicity in human ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), respectively, was observed compared to the application of Ir-NBs alone. Furthermore, Ir-NBs exposed to the US also induced the highest levels of intracellular ROS generation compared to free Ir and free Ir with empty NBs. The combination of these results suggests that the differences in treatment efficacy is a direct result of acoustic cavitation. These results provide evidence that US activated Ir-loaded NBs have the potential to become an effective sonosensitizer for SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinunta Nittayacharn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Eric Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Massimo La Deda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy.,CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, UOS Cosenza, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Loredana Ricciardi
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, UOS Cosenza, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Strangi
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, UOS Cosenza, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy.,Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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7
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Notohamiprodjo S, Treitl KM, Hauke C, Sutter SM, Auweter S, Pfeiffer F, Reiser MF, Hellbach K. Imaging characteristics of intravascular spherical contrast agents for grating-based x-ray dark-field imaging – effects of concentrations, spherical sizes and applied voltage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9405. [PMID: 32523085 PMCID: PMC7287139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigates the x-ray scattering characteristics of microsphere particles in x-ray-grating-based interferometric imaging at different concentrations, bubble sizes and tube voltages (kV). Attenuation (ATI), dark-field (DFI) and phase-contrast (PCI) images were acquired. Signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios with water (CNRw) and air as reference (CNRa) were determined. In all modalities, a linear relationship between SNR and microbubbles concentration, respectively, microsphere size was found. A significant gain of SNR was found when varying kV. SNR was significantly higher in DFI and PCI than ATI. The highest gain of SNR was shown at 60 kV for all media in ATI and DFI, at 80 kV for PCI. SNR for all media was significantly higher compared to air and was slightly lower compared to water. A linear relationship was found between CNRa, CNRw, concentration and size. With increasing concentration and decreasing size, CNRa and CNRw increased in DFI, but decreased in PCI. Best CNRa and CNRw was found at specific combination of kV and concentration/size. Highest average CNRa and CNRw was found for microspheres in ATI and PCI, for microbubbles in DFI. Microspheres are a promising contrast-media for grating-based-interferometry, if kV, microsphere size and concentration are appropriately combined.
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8
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Kumar SU, Telichko AV, Wang H, Hyun D, Johnson EG, Kent MS, Rebhun RB, Dahl JJ, Culp WTN, Paulmurugan R. Acoustically Driven Microbubbles Enable Targeted Delivery of microRNA-Loaded Nanoparticles to Spontaneous Hepatocellular Neoplasia in Canines. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:2000120. [PMID: 33415184 PMCID: PMC7784952 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Spatially localized microbubble cavitation by ultrasound offers an effective means of altering permeability of natural barriers (i.e. blood vessel and cell membrane) in favor of nanomaterials accumulation in the target site. In this study, a clinically relevant, minimally invasive ultrasound guided therapeutic approach is investigated for targeted delivery of anticancer microRNA loaded PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles to spontaneous hepatocellular neoplasia in a canine model. Quantitative assessment of the delivered microRNAs revealed prominent and consistent increase in miRNAs levels (1.5-to 2.3-fold increase (p<0.001)) in ultrasound treated tumor regions compared to untreated control regions. Immunohistology of ultrasound treated tumor tissue presented a clear evidence for higher amount of nanoparticles extravasation from the blood vessels. A distinct pattern of cytokine expression supporting CD8+ T cells mediated "cold-to-hot" tumor transition was evident in all patients. On the outset, proposed platform can enhance delivery of miRNA-loaded nanoparticles to deep seated tumors in large animals to enhance chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Uday Kumar
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Arsenii V Telichko
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Huaijun Wang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Dongwoon Hyun
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jeremy J Dahl
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - William T N Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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9
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Verhaar ER, Woodham AW, Ploegh HL. Nanobodies in cancer. Semin Immunol 2020; 52:101425. [PMID: 33272897 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For treatment and diagnosis of cancer, antibodies have proven their value and now serve as a first line of therapy for certain cancers. A unique class of antibody fragments called nanobodies, derived from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies, are gaining increasing acceptance as diagnostic tools and are considered also as building blocks for chimeric antigen receptors as well as for targeted drug delivery. The small size of nanobodies (∼15 kDa), their stability, ease of manufacture and modification for diverse formats, short circulatory half-life, and high tissue penetration, coupled with excellent specificity and affinity, account for their attractiveness. Here we review applications of nanobodies in the sphere of tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha R Verhaar
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Andrew W Woodham
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Recent Advances on Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Blood-Brain Barrier Opening with Focused Ultrasound. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111125. [PMID: 33233374 PMCID: PMC7700476 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is the primary obstacle to efficient intracerebral drug delivery. Focused ultrasound, in conjunction with microbubbles, is a targeted and non-invasive way to disrupt the blood-brain barrier. Many commercially available ultrasound contrast agents and agents specifically designed for therapeutic purposes have been investigated in ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening studies. The new generation of sono-sensitive agents, such as liquid-core droplets, can also potentially disrupt the blood-brain barrier after their ultrasound-induced vaporization. In this review, we describe the different compositions of agents used for ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening in recent studies, and we discuss the challenges of the past five years related to the optimal formulation of agents.
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11
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Salih M, Ali SM, Jena N, Ananthasubramaniam K. Review of ultrasound contrast agents in current clinical practice with special focus on DEFINITY ® in cardiac imaging. Future Cardiol 2020; 17:197-214. [PMID: 32897099 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Echocardiography is the most widely used noninvasive modality to evaluate the structure and function of the cardiac muscle in daily practice. However, up to 15-20% of echocardiograms are considered suboptimal. To enable accurate assessment of cardiac function and wall motion abnormality, the use of ultrasound microbubble contrast has shown substantial benefits in cases of salvaging nondiagnostic studies and enhancing the diagnostic accuracy in daily practice. DEFINITY® is a perflutren based, lipid shelled microbubble contrast agent, which is US FDA approved for left ventricular opacification. The basis of ultrasound microbubbles, its development, and the clinical role of DEFINITY (characteristics, indications and case examples, side effect profile and existing evidence) is the subject of discussion in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salih
- Department of Medicine, St Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341, USA
| | - Syed Musadiq Ali
- Department Of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nihar Jena
- Department of Medicine, St Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341, USA
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12
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Esmaeili J, Rezaei FS, Beram FM, Barati A. Integration of microbubbles with biomaterials in tissue engineering for pharmaceutical purposes. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04189. [PMID: 32577567 PMCID: PMC7303999 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering with the aid of biomaterials is a novel and promising knowledge aiming at improving human life expectancy. Besides, microbubbles are increasingly employed in biomedical applications due to their capability as a reservoir of therapeutic agents and oxygen molecules. In the present study, Microbubbles as the backbone of the research are produced as one of the potent devices in tissue engineering approaches, including drug delivery, wound healing, 3D printing, and scaffolding. It was shown that microbubbles are capable of promoting oxygen penetration and boosting the wound healing process by supplying adequate oxygen. Microbubbles also demonstrated their strength and potency in advancing drug delivery systems by reinforcing mass transfer phenomena. Furthermore, microbubbles developed the mechanical and biological characteristics of engineered scaffolds by manipulating the pores. Increasing cell survival, the biological activity of cells, angiogenesis, cell migration, and also nutrient diffusion into the inner layers of the scaffold were other achievements by microbubbles. In conclusion, the interest of biomedical communities in simultaneous usage of microbubbles and biomaterials under tissue engineering approaches experiences remarkable growth in Pharmaceutical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Esmaeili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran
- Histogenotech Co., R&D Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoush Sadat Rezaei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Amir Kabir University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Barati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran
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13
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Yarmoska SK, Yoon H, Emelianov SY. Lipid Shell Composition Plays a Critical Role in the Stable Size Reduction of Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1489-1499. [PMID: 30975536 PMCID: PMC6491255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (PFCnDs) are phase-change contrast agents that have the potential to enable extravascular contrast-enhanced ultrasound and photoacoustic (US/PA) imaging. Producing consistently small, monodisperse PFCnDs remains a challenge without resorting to technically challenging methods. We investigated the impact of variable shell composition on PFCnD size and US/PA image properties. Our results suggest that increasing the molar percentage of PEGylated lipid reduces the size and size variance of PFCnDs. Furthermore, our imaging studies revealed that nanodroplets with more PEGylated lipids produce increased US/PA signal compared with those with the standard formulation. Finally, we highlight the ability of this approach to facilitate US/PA imaging in a murine model of breast cancer. These data indicate that, through a facile synthesis process, it is possible to produce monodisperse, small-sized PFCnDs. Novel in their simplicity, these methods may promote the use of PFCnDs among a broader user base to study a variety of extravascular phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Yarmoska
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heechul Yoon
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stanislav Y Emelianov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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14
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Toolbox for In Vivo Imaging of Host-Parasite Interactions at Multiple Scales. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:193-212. [PMID: 30745251 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have for long been pivotal for parasitology research. Over the last few years, techniques such as intravital, optoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging, optical projection tomography, and selective plane illumination microscopy developed promising potential for gaining insights into host-pathogen interactions by allowing different visualization forms in vivo and ex vivo. Advances including increased resolution, penetration depth, and acquisition speed, together with more complex image analysis methods, facilitate tackling biological problems previously impossible to study and/or quantify. Here we discuss advances and challenges in the in vivo imaging toolbox, which hold promising potential for the field of parasitology.
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15
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Sayadi LR, Banyard DA, Ziegler ME, Obagi Z, Prussak J, Klopfer MJ, Evans GR, Widgerow AD. Topical oxygen therapy & micro/nanobubbles: a new modality for tissue oxygen delivery. Int Wound J 2018; 15:363-374. [PMID: 29314626 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 15 billion dollars of US health care expenditure each year is consumed by treatment of poorly healing wounds whose etiologies are often associated with aberrancies in tissue oxygenation. To address this issue, several modes of tissue oxygen delivery systems exist, including Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) and Topical Oxygen Therapy (TOT), but their efficacies have yet to be fully substantiated. Micro/nanobubbles (MNBs), which range anywhere from 100 μm to <1 μm in diameter and are relatively stable for hours, offer a new mode of oxygen delivery to wounds. The aim of this article is to systematically review literature examining the use of TOT for wound healing and use of MNBs for tissue oxygenation using the MEDLINE database. The search yielded 87 articles (12 MNB articles and 75 TOT articles), of which 52 met the inclusion criteria for this literature review (12 MNB articles and 40 TOT articles). Additionally, we present an analysis on the efficacy of our MNB generating technology and propose its use as a wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohrasb R Sayadi
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Derek A Banyard
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Mary E Ziegler
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Zaidal Obagi
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Jordyne Prussak
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Michael J Klopfer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Gregory Rd Evans
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Alan D Widgerow
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California
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16
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Heinzmann K, Carter LM, Lewis JS, Aboagye EO. Multiplexed imaging for diagnosis and therapy. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:697-713. [PMID: 31015673 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complex molecular and metabolic phenotypes depict cancers as a constellation of different diseases with common themes. Precision imaging of such phenotypes requires flexible and tunable modalities capable of identifying phenotypic fingerprints by using a restricted number of parameters while ensuring sensitivity to dynamic biological regulation. Common phenotypes can be detected by in vivo imaging technologies, and effectively define the emerging standards for disease classification and patient stratification in radiology. However, for the imaging data to accurately represent a complex fingerprint, the individual imaging parameters need to be measured and analysed in relation to their wider spatial and molecular context. In this respect, targeted palettes of molecular imaging probes facilitate the detection of heterogeneity in oncogene-driven alterations and their response to treatment, and lead to the expansion of rational-design elements for the combination of imaging experiments. In this Review, we evaluate criteria for conducting multiplexed imaging, and discuss its opportunities for improving patient diagnosis and the monitoring of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Heinzmann
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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17
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Oddo L, Cerroni B, Domenici F, Bedini A, Bordi F, Chiessi E, Gerbes S, Paradossi G. Next generation ultrasound platforms for theranostics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 491:151-160. [PMID: 28024192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles are a well-established contrast agent which improves diagnostic ultrasound imaging. During the last decade research has focused on expanding their use to include molecular imaging, targeted therapy and imaging modalities other than ultrasound. However, bioadhesion of targeted microbubbles under physiological flow conditions is still difficult to achieve, the main challenge being connected to the poor stability of lipid microbubbles in the body's circulation system. In this article, we investigate the use of polymeric microbubbles based on a poly (vinyl alcohol) shell as an alternative to lipid microbubbles. In particular, we report on the development of microbubble shell modification, using mild reaction conditions, with the aim of designing a multifunctional platform to enable diagnosis and therapy. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and a near infrared fluorescent probe, indocyanine green, are coupled to the bubbles surface in order to support magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, anchoring cyclic arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide, and cyclodextrin molecules, allows targeting and drug loading, respectively. Last but not least, shell topography is provided by atomic force microscopy. These applications and features, together with the high echogenicity of poly (vinyl alcohol) microbubbles, may offer a more stable alternative to lipid microbubbles for the development of a multimodal theranostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Oddo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Cerroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Fabio Domenici
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Angelico Bedini
- INAIL, Settore Ricerca, Certificazione e Verifica, DITSPIA, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Italy.
| | - Federico Bordi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Ester Chiessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Stefan Gerbes
- MagForce AG, Max-Planck-Str. 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gaio Paradossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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18
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Kiani A, Esquevin A, Lepareur N, Bourguet P, Le Jeune F, Gauvrit J. Main applications of hybrid PET-MRI contrast agents: a review. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 11:92-8. [PMID: 26632007 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In medical imaging, the continuous quest to improve diagnostic performance and optimize treatment strategies has led to the use of combined imaging modalities. Positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) is a hybrid imaging existing already for many years. The high spatial and contrast resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the high sensitivity and molecular information from PET imaging are leading to the development of this new hybrid imaging along with hybrid contrast agents. To create a hybrid contrast agent for PET-MRI device, a PET radiotracer needs to be combined with an MRI contrast agent. The most common approach is to add a radioactive isotope to the surface of a small superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particle. The resulting agents offer a wide range of applications, such as pH variation monitoring, non-invasive angiography and early imaging diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Oncology is the most promising field with the detection of sentinel lymph nodes and the targeting of tumor neoangiogenesis. Oncology and cardiovascular imaging are thus major areas of development for hybrid PET-MRI imaging systems and hybrid contrast agents. The aim is to combine high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, morphological and functional information. Future prospects include the use of specific antibodies and hybrid multimodal PET-MRI-ultrasound-fluorescence imaging with the potential to provide overall pre-, intra- and postoperative patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kiani
- Neurofacial Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - A Esquevin
- Neurofacial Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France.,VisAGeS U746 Unit/Project, INSERM/INRIA, IRISA, UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes 1, Beaulieu Campus, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - N Lepareur
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Eugène Marquis Center, avenue Bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042, Rennes, France.,INSERM UMR-S 991 Unit "Liver, Metabolisms and Cancer", University of Rennes 1, 2 rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - P Bourguet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Eugène Marquis Center, avenue Bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - F Le Jeune
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Eugène Marquis Center, avenue Bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042, Rennes, France.,EA 4712, "Behavior and Basal Ganglia", University of Rennes 1, 2 rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Jy Gauvrit
- Neurofacial Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France.,VisAGeS U746 Unit/Project, INSERM/INRIA, IRISA, UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes 1, Beaulieu Campus, 35042, Rennes, France
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19
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Yang G, O'Duill M, Gouverneur V, Krafft MP. Recruitment and Immobilization of a Fluorinated Biomarker Across an Interfacial Phospholipid Film using a Fluorocarbon Gas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8402-6. [PMID: 26068966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorohexane gas when introduced in the air atmosphere above a film of phospholipid self-supported on an aqueous solution of C2F5-labeled compounds causes the recruitment and immobilization of the latter in the interfacial film. When the phospholipid forms a liquid-condensed Gibbs monolayer, which is the case for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the C2F5-labeled molecule remains trapped in the monolayer after removal of F-hexane. Investigations involve bubble profile analysis tensiometry (Gibbs films), Langmuir monolayers and microbubble experiments. The new phenomenon was utilized to incorporate a hypoxia biomarker, a C2F5-labeled nitrosoimidazole (EF5), in microbubble shells. This finding opens perspectives in the delivery of fluorinated therapeutic molecules and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg (France)
| | - Miriam O'Duill
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg (France).
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20
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Yang G, O'Duill M, Gouverneur V, Krafft MP. Recruitment and Immobilization of a Fluorinated Biomarker Across an Interfacial Phospholipid Film using a Fluorocarbon Gas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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2H,3H-decafluoropentane-based nanodroplets: new perspectives for oxygen delivery to hypoxic cutaneous tissues. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119769. [PMID: 25781463 PMCID: PMC4362938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluoropentane (PFP)-based oxygen-loaded nanobubbles (OLNBs) were previously proposed as adjuvant therapeutic tools for pathologies of different etiology sharing hypoxia as a common feature, including cancer, infection, and autoimmunity. Here we introduce a new platform of oxygen nanocarriers, based on 2H,3H-decafluoropentane (DFP) as core fluorocarbon. These new nanocarriers have been named oxygen-loaded nanodroplets (OLNDs) since DFP is liquid at body temperature, unlike gaseous PFP. Dextran-shelled OLNDs, available either in liquid or gel formulations, display spherical morphology, ~600 nm diameters, anionic charge, good oxygen carrying capacity, and no toxic effects on human keratinocytes after cell internalization. In vitro OLNDs result more effective in releasing oxygen to hypoxic environments than former OLNBs, as demonstrated by analysis through oxymetry. In vivo, OLNDs effectively enhance oxy-hemoglobin levels, as emerged from investigation by photoacoustic imaging. Interestingly, ultrasound (US) treatment further improves transdermal oxygen release from OLNDs. Taken together, these data suggest that US-activated, DFP-based OLNDs might be innovative, suitable and cost-effective devices to topically treat hypoxia-associated pathologies of the cutaneous tissues.
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22
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Kim HC, Al-Mahrouki A, Gorjizadeh A, Karshafian R, Czarnota GJ. Effects of biophysical parameters in enhancing radiation responses of prostate tumors with ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:1376-1387. [PMID: 23643061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We show here that ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles can enhance cell death within tumors when combined with radiation. The aim of this study was to investigate how different ultrasound parameters, different microbubble concentrations and different radiation doses interact to enhance cell death. Prostate xenograft tumors (PC-3) in severe combined immunodeficiency mice were subjected to ultrasound treatment at various peak negative pressures (250, 570 and 750 kPa) at a center frequency of 500 kHz, different microbubble concentrations (8, 80 and 1000 μL/kg) and different radiation doses (0, 2 and 8 Gy). Twenty-four hours after treatment, tumors were excised and assessed for cell death. Histologic analyses revealed that increases in radiation dose, microbubble concentration and ultrasound pressure promoted apoptotic cell death and disruption within tumors by as much as 21%, 30% and 43%, respectively. Comparable increases in ceramide, a cell death mediator, were identified using immunohistochemistry. We also show here that even clinically used microbubble concentrations combined with ultrasound can induce significant enhancement of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Christina Kim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Velroyen A, Bech M, Malecki A, Tapfer A, Yaroshenko A, Ingrisch M, Cyran CC, Auweter SD, Nikolaou K, Reiser M, Pfeiffer F. Microbubbles as a scattering contrast agent for grating-based x-ray dark-field imaging. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:N37-46. [PMID: 23369954 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/4/n37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In clinically established-absorption-based-biomedical x-ray imaging, contrast agents with high atomic numbers (e.g. iodine) are commonly used for contrast enhancement. The development of novel x-ray contrast modalities such as phase contrast and dark-field contrast opens up the possible use of alternative contrast media in x-ray imaging. We investigate using ultrasound contrast agents, which unlike iodine-based contrast agents can also be administered to patients with renal impairment and thyroid dysfunction, for application with a recently developed novel x-ray dark-field imaging modality. To produce contrast from these microbubble-based contrast agents, our method exploits ultra-small-angle coherent x-ray scattering. Such scattering dark-field x-ray images can be obtained with a grating-based x-ray imaging setup, together with refraction-based differential phase-contrast and the conventional attenuation contrast images. In this work we specifically show that ultrasound contrast agents based on microbubbles can be used to produce strongly enhanced dark-field contrast, with superior contrast-to-noise ratio compared to the attenuation signal. We also demonstrate that this method works well with an x-ray tube-based setup and that the relative contrast gain even increases when the pixel size is increased from tenths of microns to clinically compatible detector resolutions about up to a millimetre.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Velroyen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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