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Li J, Nie X, Panthakarn Rangsinth, Wu X, Zheng C, Cheng Y, Shiu PHT, Li R, Lee SMY, Fu C, Zhang J, Leung GPH. Structure and activity relationship analysis of xanthones from mangosteen: Identifying garcinone E as a potent dual EGFR and VEGFR2 inhibitor. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155140. [PMID: 37939410 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthones are among the most fundamental phytochemicals in nature. The anti-cancer activities of xanthones and their derivatives have been extensively studied. Recently, we found that garcinone E (GE), an effective anti-cancer phytochemical isolated from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostanal.), showed promising anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. However, little is known about its effects on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) activity. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify potent dual EGFR and VEGFR2 inhibitors from mangosteen-derived xanthones using structure-activity relationship analyses. STUDY DESIGN The interaction of xanthones with EGFR and VEGFR2 was analyzed using molecular docking experiments. The kinase activities of EGFR and VEGFR2 were determined using bioluminescence assays. The rat aortic ring and Matrigel plug angiogenesis assays were used to evaluate blood vessel formation ex vivo and in vivo. A breast tumor-bearing nude mouse model was established to examine the anti-tumor effects of different xanthones. RESULTS Molecular docking analysis showed that GE bound tightly to EGFR and VEGFR2, with binding energies of -9.73 and -9.56 kcal/mol, respectively. Kinase activity assessment showed that GE strongly inhibited both EGFR and VEGFR2 kinase activity, with IC50 values of 315.4 and 158.2 nM, respectively. Moreover, GE significantly abolished the EGF- and VEGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and VEGFR2, respectively. GE also showed strong inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth, endothelial cell migration, invasion, and tube formation. Ex vivo and in vivo angiogenesis assays showed that GE dose-dependently suppressed blood vessel formation in the rat aorta, Matrigel plugs, and transgenic zebrafish embryos, with the lowest effective concentration of 0.25 μM. Furthermore, GE (2 mg/kg) strongly inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor weight in MDA-MB-231 breast tumor-xenografted mice. GE significantly reduced microvessel density and downregulated the expression of VEGFR2, EGFR, and Ki67 in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that GE was the most potent dual inhibitor of EGFR and VEGFR2 among all xanthones tested. These findings may provide valuable information for the future development of novel and effective dual inhibitors of EGFR and VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Polly Ho-Ting Shiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrient, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Wu X, Hua X, Xu K, Song Y, Lv T. Zebrafish in Lung Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4721. [PMID: 37835415 PMCID: PMC10571557 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is increasingly used as a model organism for cancer research because of its genetic and physiological similarities to humans. Modeling lung cancer (LC) in zebrafish has received significant attention. This review focuses on the insights gained from using zebrafish in LC research. These insights range from investigating the genetic and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of LC to identifying potential drug targets, testing the efficacy and toxicity of new therapies, and applying zebrafish for personalized medicine studies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of LC research performed using zebrafish, highlights the advantages and limitations of this model organism, and discusses future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.W.); (K.X.)
| | - Xin Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southeast University Medical College, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.W.); (K.X.)
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southeast University Medical College, Nanjing 210096, China;
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (X.W.); (K.X.)
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
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Guo M, Qin S, Wang S, Sun M, Yang H, Wang X, Fan P, Jin Z. Herbal Medicine Nanocrystals: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Strategy. Molecules 2023; 28:6370. [PMID: 37687199 PMCID: PMC10489021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines have gained recognition among physicians and patients due to their lower adverse effects compared to modern medicines. They are extensively used to treat various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular issues, chronic inflammation, microbial contamination, diabetes, obesity, and hepatic disorders, among others. Unfortunately, the clinical application of herbal medicines is limited by their low solubility and inadequate bioavailability. Utilizing herbal medicines in the form of nanocrystals (herbal medicine nanocrystals) has shown potential in enhancing solubility and bioavailability by reducing the particle size, increasing the specific surface area, and modifying the absorption mechanisms. Multiple studies have demonstrated that these nanocrystals significantly improve drug efficacy by reducing toxicity and increasing bioavailability. This review comprehensively examines therapeutic approaches based on herbal medicine nanocrystals. It covers the preparation principles, key factors influencing nucleation and polymorphism control, applications, and limitations. The review underscores the importance of optimizing delivery systems for successful herbal medicine nanocrystal therapeutics. Furthermore, it discusses the main challenges and opportunities in developing herbal medicine nanocrystals for the purpose of treating conditions such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disorders, mental and nervous diseases, and antimicrobial infections. In conclusion, we have deliberated regarding the hurdles and forthcoming outlook in the realm of nanotoxicity, in vivo kinetics, herbal ingredients as stabilizers of nanocrystals, and the potential for surmounting drug resistance through the utilization of nanocrystalline formulations in herbal medicine. We anticipate that this review will offer innovative insights into the development of herbal medicine nanocrystals as a promising and novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shugang Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, China
| | - Huiling Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, China
| | - Xinchun Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaohui Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Yang Y, Li N, Wang TM, Di L. Natural Products with Activity against Lung Cancer: A Review Focusing on the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910827. [PMID: 34639167 PMCID: PMC8509218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Despite the undeniable progress in lung cancer research made over the past decade, it is still the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and continues to challenge scientists and researchers engaged in searching for therapeutics and drugs. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is recognized as one of the major hallmarks of epithelial cancers, including the majority of lung cancers, and is associated with tumorigenesis, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Targeting of the TME has received increasing attention in recent years. Natural products have historically made substantial contributions to pharmacotherapy, especially for cancer. In this review, we emphasize the role of the TME and summarize the experimental proof demonstrating the antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms of natural products that target the TME. We also review the effects of natural products used in combination with anticancer agents. Moreover, we highlight nanotechnology and other materials used to enhance the effects of natural products. Overall, our hope is that this review of these natural products will encourage more thoughts and ideas on therapeutic development to benefit lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning Li
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (L.D.); Tel.: +86-551-6516-1115 (N.L.)
| | | | - Lei Di
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (L.D.); Tel.: +86-551-6516-1115 (N.L.)
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Analysis of natural product regulation of opioid receptors in the treatment of human disease. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 184:51-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Amaya CN, Mitchell DC, Bryan BA. Rho kinase proteins display aberrant upregulation in vascular tumors and contribute to vascular tumor growth. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:485. [PMID: 28709411 PMCID: PMC5513090 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serine/threonine protein kinases ROCK1 and 2 are key RhoA-mediated regulators of cell shape and cytoskeletal dynamics. These proteins perform multiple functions in vascular endothelial cell physiology and are attractive targets for cancer therapy based on their roles as oncogenes and metastatic promoters. Given their critical functions in both of these processes, we hypothesized that molecular targeting of ROCK proteins would be exceedingly effective against vascular tumors such as hemangiomas and angiosarcomas, which are neoplasms composed of aberrant endothelial cells. METHODS In this study, we compared ROCK1 and 2 protein expression in a large panel of benign and malignant vascular tumors to that of normal vasculature. We then utilized shRNA technology to knockdown the expression of ROCK1 and 2 in SVR tumor-forming vascular cells, and evaluated tumor size and proliferation rate in a xenograft model. Finally, we employed proteomics and metabolomics to assess how knockdown of the ROCK paralogs induced alterations in protein expression/phosphorylation and metabolite concentrations in the xenograft tumors. RESULTS Our findings revealed that ROCK1 was overexpressed in malignant vascular tumors such as hemangioendotheliomas and angiosarcomas, and ROCK2 was overexpressed in both benign and malignant vascular tumors including hemangiomas, hemangioendotheliomas, hemangiopericytomas, and angiosarcomas. shRNA-mediated knockdown of ROCK2, but not ROCK1, in xenograft vascular tumors significantly reduced tumor size and proliferative index compared to control tumors. Proteomics and metabolomics analysis of the xenograft tumors revealed both overlapping as well as unique roles for the ROCK paralogs in regulating signal transduction and metabolite concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data indicate that ROCK proteins are overexpressed in diverse vascular tumors and suggest that specific targeting of ROCK2 proteins may show efficacy against malignant vascular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa N Amaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, 5001 El Paso Drive, MSB1 Room 2111, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Dianne C Mitchell
- Minerva Genetics, 5130 Gateway Blvd East, Suite 315, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, 5001 El Paso Drive, MSB1 Room 2111, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA. .,Minerva Genetics, 5130 Gateway Blvd East, Suite 315, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA.
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7
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Badal S, Smith KN, Rajnarayanan R. Analysis of natural product regulation of cannabinoid receptors in the treatment of human disease. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 180:24-48. [PMID: 28583800 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The organized, tightly regulated signaling relays engaged by the cannabinoid receptors (CBs) and their ligands, G proteins and other effectors, together constitute the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This system governs many biological functions including cell proliferation, regulation of ion transport and neuronal messaging. This review will firstly examine the physiology of the ECS, briefly discussing some anomalies in the relay of the ECS signaling as these are consequently linked to maladies of global concern including neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease and cancer. While endogenous ligands are crucial for dispatching messages through the ECS, there are also commonalities in binding affinities with copious exogenous ligands, both natural and synthetic. Therefore, this review provides a comparative analysis of both types of exogenous ligands with emphasis on natural products given their putative safer efficacy and the role of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in uncovering the ECS. Efficacy is congruent to both types of compounds but noteworthy is the effect of a combination therapy to achieve efficacy without unideal side-effects. An example is Sativex that displayed promise in treating Huntington's disease (HD) in preclinical models allowing for its transition to current clinical investigation. Despite the in vitro and preclinical efficacy of Δ9-THC to treat neurodegenerative ailments, its psychotropic effects limit its clinical applicability to treating feeding disorders. We therefore propose further investigation of other compounds and their combinations such as the triterpene, α,β-amyrin that exhibited greater binding affinity to CB1 than CB2 and was more potent than Δ9-THC and the N-alkylamides that exhibited CB2 selective affinity; the latter can be explored towards peripherally exclusive ECS modulation. The synthetic CB1 antagonist, Rimonabant was pulled from commercial markets for the treatment of diabetes, however its analogue SR144528 maybe an ideal lead molecule towards this end and HU-210 and Org27569 are also promising synthetic small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Badal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.
| | - K N Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Rajnarayanan
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14228, USA
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Yuan H, Li X, Zhang C, Pan W, Liang Y, Chen Y, Chen W, Liu L, Wang X. Nanosuspensions as delivery system for gambogenic acid: characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2772-2779. [PMID: 26292058 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1077294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosuspensions (NS) can enhance the saturation solubility and dissolution velocity of poorly soluble drugs. PEG as a non-ionic surfactant plays an important role in surface modification of nanoparticles for prolonging in vivo circulation. In this study, anti-solvent precipitation method was introduced to prepare gambogenic acid nanosuspensions (GNA-NS) with PVPK30 and PEG2000 as stabilizers to settle the disadvantages of GNA. The obtained nanoparticles were spherical with a mean particle size of 183.7 nm and a zeta potential of -22.8 mV. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading of the resultant formulation were 97.3 and 29.73%. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous phase of GNA in NS. Fourier transform infrared indicated there may be hydrogen bond interaction between the drug and excipients. After lyophilization of GNA-NS, the freeze-dried powder displayed sufficient long-term physical stability at 4 and 25 °C. In comparison to GNA solution, in vitro studies of GNA-NS showed much slower release and higher cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. What's more, the pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed that the AUC0-∞ and t1/2 of GNA-NS were increased 2.63- and 1.77-fold than that of the reference formulation. Taken together, in vitro/in vivo evaluations showed NS would be an effectively strategy to change the poor aqueous solubility and prolong the half-life for GNA. The GNA-NS with enhanced bioavailability and drug efficacy provided a promising delivery system for the application of GNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Yuan
- a Pharmacokinetics Laboratory , School of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- a Pharmacokinetics Laboratory , School of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- a Pharmacokinetics Laboratory , School of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Pan
- a Pharmacokinetics Laboratory , School of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Liang
- a Pharmacokinetics Laboratory , School of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- a Pharmacokinetics Laboratory , School of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Chen
- a Pharmacokinetics Laboratory , School of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Liu
- a Pharmacokinetics Laboratory , School of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- a Pharmacokinetics Laboratory , School of pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei , People's Republic of China
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Ku CY, Wang YR, Lin HY, Lu SC, Lin JY. Corosolic Acid Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Migration by Targeting the VEGFR2/Src/FAK Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126725. [PMID: 25978354 PMCID: PMC4433267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of VEGFR2 activity has been proposed as an important strategy for the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we identified corosolic acid (CA), which exists in the root of Actinidia chinensis, as having a significant anti-cancer effect on HCC cells. We found that CA inhibits VEGFR2 kinase activity by directly interacting with the ATP binding pocket. CA down-regulates the VEGFR2/Src/FAK/cdc42 axis, subsequently decreasing F-actin formation and migratory activity in vitro. In an in vivo model, CA exhibited an effective dose (5 mg/kg/day) on tumor growth. We further demonstrate that CA has a synergistic effect with sorafenib within a wide range of concentrations. In conclusion, this research elucidates the effects and molecular mechanism for CA on HCC cells and suggests that CA could be a therapeutic or adjuvant strategy for patients with aggressive HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yu Ku
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ren Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (S-CL); (J-YL)
| | - Jung-Yaw Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (S-CL); (J-YL)
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Yang J, Zhou Y, Cheng X, Fan Y, He S, Li S, Ye H, Xie C, Wu W, Li C, Pei H, Li L, Wei Z, Peng A, Wei Y, Li W, Chen L. Isogambogenic acid induces apoptosis-independent autophagic cell death in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7697. [PMID: 25571970 PMCID: PMC4287727 DOI: 10.1038/srep07697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome drug resistance caused by apoptosis deficiency in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), there is a need to identify other means of triggering apoptosis-independent cancer cell death. We are the first to report that isogambogenic acid (iso-GNA) can induce apoptosis-independent autophagic cell death in human NSCLC cells. Several features of the iso-GNA-treated NSCLC cells indicated that iso-GNA induced autophagic cell death. First, there was no evidence of apoptosis or cleaved caspase 3 accumulation and activation. Second, iso-GNA treatment induced the formation of autophagic vacuoles, increased LC3 conversion, caused the appearance of autophagosomes and increased the expression of autophagy-related proteins. These findings provide evidence that iso-GNA induces autophagy in NSCLC cells. Third, iso-GNA-induced cell death was inhibited by autophagic inhibitors or by selective ablation of Atg7 and Beclin 1 genes. Furthermore, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin increased iso-GNA-induced cell death by enhancing autophagy. Finally, a xenograft model provided additional evidence that iso-GNA exhibited anticancer effect through inducing autophagy-dependent cell death in NSCLC cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that iso-GNA exhibited an anticancer effect by inducing autophagy-dependent cell death in NSCLC cells, which may be an effective chemotherapeutic agent that can be used against NSCLC in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Shichao He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Shucai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Caifeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Heying Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Luyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Nankai University College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Aihua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; Chengdu, China
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Yang J, He S, Li S, Zhang R, Peng A, Chen L. In vitro and in vivo antiangiogenic activity of caged polyprenylated xanthones isolated from Garcinia hanburyi Hook. f. Molecules 2013; 18:15305-13. [PMID: 24335612 PMCID: PMC6270171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven known caged polyprenylated xanthones 1–11 were isolated from the resin of Garcinia hanburyi Hook. f., and their structures were identified by their MS, NMR and UV spectra. These xanthones showed significant cytotoxicities against four human cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, HCT-116, and HepG-2) and strong inhibition against the proliferation of the HUVEC cell line in vitro by the MTT method. Furthermore, in an in vivo zebrafish model, xanthones 3 (morellic acid), 7 (gambogenin) and 9 (isogambogenic acid) showed comparable antiangiogenic activities with less toxicities than xanthone 1 (gambogic acid), as evaluated by death and heart rates of treated zebrafish. Xanthone 7 exhibited antiangiogenic activity with no toxicity at concentrations ranging from 8 µM to 16 µM. Meanwhile, xanthones 1, 3, 7 and 9 strongly inhibited the migration of HUVEC at a low concentration of 0.5 µM in HUVEC cell migration assay in vitro. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that xanthone 7 might be a novel angiogenesis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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