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Villalba de la Peña M, Kronholm I. Antimicrobial resistance in the wild: Insights from epigenetics. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13707. [PMID: 38817397 PMCID: PMC11134192 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Spreading of bacterial and fungal strains that are resistant to antimicrobials poses a serious threat to the well-being of humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial resistance has been mainly investigated in clinical settings. However, throughout their evolutionary history microorganisms in the wild have encountered antimicrobial substances, forcing them to evolve strategies to combat antimicrobial action. It is well known that many of these strategies are based on genetic mechanisms, but these do not fully explain important aspects of the antimicrobial response such as the rapid development of resistance, reversible phenotypes, and hetero-resistance. Consequently, attention has turned toward epigenetic pathways that may offer additional insights into antimicrobial mechanisms. The aim of this review is to explore the epigenetic mechanisms that confer antimicrobial resistance, focusing on those that might be relevant for resistance in the wild. First, we examine the presence of antimicrobials in natural settings. Then we describe the documented epigenetic mechanisms in bacteria and fungi associated with antimicrobial resistance and discuss innovative epigenetic editing techniques to establish causality in this context. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these epigenetic mechanisms on the evolutionary dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in the wild, emphasizing the critical role of priming in the adaptation process. We underscore the necessity of incorporating non-genetic mechanisms into our understanding of antimicrobial resistance evolution. These mechanisms offer invaluable insights into the dynamics of antimicrobial adaptation within natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilkka Kronholm
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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2
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Gauba A, Rahman KM. Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1590. [PMID: 37998792 PMCID: PMC10668847 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are exponentially increasing, posing one of the most urgent global healthcare and economic threats. Due to the lack of new therapies, the World Health Organization classified these bacterial species as priority pathogens in 2017, known as ESKAPE pathogens. This classification emphasizes the need for urgent research and development of novel targeted therapies. The majority of these priority pathogens are Gram-negative species, which possess a structurally dynamic cell envelope enabling them to resist multiple antibiotics, thereby leading to increased mortality rates. Despite 6 years having passed since the WHO classification, the progress in generating new treatment ideas has not been sufficient, and antimicrobial resistance continues to escalate, acting as a global ticking time bomb. Numerous efforts and strategies have been employed to combat the rising levels of antibiotic resistance by targeting specific resistance mechanisms. These mechanisms include antibiotic inactivating/modifying enzymes, outer membrane porin remodelling, enhanced efflux pump action, and alteration of antibiotic target sites. Some strategies have demonstrated clinical promise, such as the utilization of beta-lactamase inhibitors as antibiotic adjuvants, as well as recent advancements in machine-based learning employing artificial intelligence to facilitate the production of novel narrow-spectrum antibiotics. However, further research into an enhanced understanding of the precise mechanisms by which antibiotic resistance occurs, specifically tailored to each bacterial species, could pave the way for exploring narrow-spectrum targeted therapies. This review aims to introduce the key features of Gram-negative bacteria and their current treatment approaches, summarizing the major antibiotic resistance mechanisms with a focus on Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, potential directions for alternative therapies will be discussed, along with their relative modes of action, providing a future perspective and insight into the discipline of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;
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3
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Wang X, Yu D, Chen L. Antimicrobial resistance and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1199646. [PMID: 37389209 PMCID: PMC10306973 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1199646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rampant use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, farming and clinical disease treatment has led to a significant issue with pathogen resistance worldwide over the past decades. The classical mechanisms of resistance typically investigate antimicrobial resistance resulting from natural resistance, mutation, gene transfer and other processes. However, the emergence and development of bacterial resistance cannot be fully explained from a genetic and biochemical standpoint. Evolution necessitates phenotypic variation, selection, and inheritance. There are indications that epigenetic modifications also play a role in antimicrobial resistance. This review will specifically focus on the effects of DNA modification, histone modification, rRNA methylation and the regulation of non-coding RNAs expression on antimicrobial resistance. In particular, we highlight critical work that how DNA methyltransferases and non-coding RNAs act as transcriptional regulators that allow bacteria to rapidly adapt to environmental changes and control their gene expressions to resist antibiotic stress. Additionally, it will delve into how Nucleolar-associated proteins in bacteria perform histone functions akin to eukaryotes. Epigenetics, a non-classical regulatory mechanism of bacterial resistance, may offer new avenues for antibiotic target selection and the development of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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4
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Genetic Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistance and Key Virulence Features in Two Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052870. [PMID: 35270562 PMCID: PMC8910769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, Acinetobacter baumannii emerged as a major infective menace in healthcare settings due to scarce therapeutic options to treat infections. Therefore, undertaking genome comparison analyses of multi-resistant A. baumannii strains could aid the identification of key bacterial determinants to develop innovative anti-virulence approaches. Following genome sequencing, we performed a molecular characterization of key genes and genomic comparison of two A. baumannii strains, #36 and #150, with selected reference genomes. Despite a different antibiotic resistance gene content, the analyzed strains showed a very similar antibiogram profile. Interestingly, the lack of some important virulence determinants (i.e., bap, ata and omp33–36) did not abrogate their adhesive abilities to abiotic and biotic surfaces, as reported before; indeed, strains retained these capacities, although to a different extent, suggesting the presence of distinct vicarious genes. Conversely, secretion systems, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capsule and iron acquisition systems were highly similar to A. baumannii reference strains. Overall, our analyses increased our knowledge on A. baumannii genomic content and organization as well as the genomic events occurring in nosocomial isolates to better fit into changing healthcare environments.
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5
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Yin B, Zhang M, Zeng Y, Chen H, Fan T, Wu Z, Cao L, Zhao Q. The changes of antioxidant system and intestinal bacteria in earthworms (Metaphire guillelmi) on the enhanced degradation of tetracycline. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129097. [PMID: 33279238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline (TC) in soil severely imperils food security and ecosystem function. Metaphire guillelmi is a common species in farmland. It could impact the degradation of antibiotics. However, how it affects is rarely unknown. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of M. guillelmi on the TC degradation in soil and the changes of the antioxidant system and intestinal bacteria in M. guillelmi. The treatments that M. guillelmi was inoculated on soil contaminated with different TC concentrations were contrasted with those without M. guillelmi. After 21 days, the degradation rate of TC significantly increased by 13.70%, 18.14% and 29.01% at 10, 50 and 100 mg kg -1 TC dose, respectively, due to the inoculation of M. guillelmi. The half-life of TC was also shortened nearly by 1/3 to 2/3. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased in a dose-dependent manner with the increase of TC concentration on the 7th and 14th day. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) presented an inverted U-shaped dose response on the 7th day, and the peak of enzyme activities occurred at TC concentration of 0.1, 1 mg kg -1 (CAT) and 0.1 mg kg -1 (GST). Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents did not change significantly. At the phylum level, only Verrucomicrobia significantly decreased under 1 mg kg -1 and 100 mg kg -1 TC dose. Genus Paracoccus, Singulisphaera, Acinetobacter and Bacillus significantly increased and became the dominant bacterium during the TC degradation. Overall, the antioxidant system and intestinal bacteria of M. guillelmi were affected by the different concentrations of TC pollution, which provided new ideas for the research of mechanism of TC degradation by earthworms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangyi Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Manrui Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haowen Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianxinzhi Fan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zexuan Wu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Linkui Cao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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6
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Riedel S, Vijayakumar D, Berg G, Kang AD, Smith KP, Kirby JE. Evaluation of apramycin against spectinomycin-resistant and -susceptible strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:1311-1316. [PMID: 30689929 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to all currently available antimicrobial therapies poses a dire public health threat. New antimicrobial agents with activity against N. gonorrhoeae are urgently needed. Apramycin is an aminocyclitol aminoglycoside with broad-spectrum in vitro activity against MDR Gram-negative pathogens and Staphylococcus aureus. However, its activity against N. gonorrhoeae has not been described. OBJECTIVES The activity spectrum of apramycin against a collection of MDR N. gonorrhoeae was assessed. Isolates tested included those susceptible and resistant to the structurally distinct aminocyclitol, spectinomycin. RESULTS The modal MICs for apramycin and spectinomycin were 16 mg/L and 32 mg/L, respectively. The epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) for apramycin was 64 mg/L. No strains among 77 tested had an MIC above this ECOFF, suggesting very low levels of acquired apramycin resistance. In time-kill analysis, apramycin demonstrated rapid bactericidal activity comparable to that of spectinomycin. CONCLUSIONS Apramycin has broad-spectrum, rapidly bactericidal activity against N. gonorrhoeae. Future pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies will be needed to determine whether apramycin and/or apramycin derivatives hold promise as new therapeutics for N. gonorrhoeae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Riedel
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gretchen Berg
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony D Kang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Ancillary Laboratory Services, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth P Smith
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James E Kirby
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Antibiotic Resistance Profiles, Molecular Mechanisms and Innovative Treatment Strategies of Acinetobacter baumannii. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060935. [PMID: 32575913 PMCID: PMC7355832 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest challenges for the clinical sector and industry, environment and societal development. One of the most important pathogens responsible for severe nosocomial infections is Acinetobacter baumannii, a Gram-negative bacterium from the Moraxellaceae family, due to its various resistance mechanisms, such as the β-lactamases production, efflux pumps, decreased membrane permeability and altered target site of the antibiotic. The enormous adaptive capacity of A. baumannii and the acquisition and transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants contribute to the ineffectiveness of most current therapeutic strategies, including last-line or combined antibiotic therapy. In this review, we will present an update of the antibiotic resistance profiles and underlying mechanisms in A. baumannii and the current progress in developing innovative strategies for combating multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB) infections.
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8
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da Paz Pereira JN, de Andrade CADN, da Costa Lima JL, de Lima Neto RG, de Araújo PSR, Maciel MAV. Clonal Dissemination of Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii Carriers of 16S rRNA Methylase Genes in an Oncological Hospital in Recife, Brazil. Curr Microbiol 2019; 77:32-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Liu X, Zhang J, Li Y, Shen Q, Jiang W, Zhao K, He Y, Dai P, Nie Z, Xu X, Zhou Y. Diversity and frequency of resistance and virulence genes in bla KPC and bla NDM co-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from China. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2819-2826. [PMID: 31571938 PMCID: PMC6750849 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s214960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergence of blaKPC and blaNDM co-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have led to the limited therapeutic options for clinical treatment. Understanding the diversity and frequency of resistance and virulence genes of these isolates is of great significance. Purpose The aim of this study is to research the diversity and frequency of resistance and virulence genes in the blaKPC and blaNDM co-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Methods and Results In this study, 117 K. pneumonia strains were isolated from China, and among of which, 24 were found to be blaKPC and blaNDM co-producing with significant resistance against almost all the commonly used antibiotics. Additionally, 4 strains were hypermucoviscous and 8 showed high serum resistance. Overall, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, tetA and sul1 resistance genes found in 100% of the isolates, followed by blaTEM (95.8%), oqxA/B (91.7%), qnrB (87.5%), aac(6’)Ib-cr (83.3%), blaDHA (79.2%), rmtB (66.7%), qnrS (54.2%), cat(54.2%), floR (50.0%), sul2 (45.8%) cmlA (20.8%)andblaCMY (8.33%), respectively. What’ more, seven blaCTX-M subtypes [blaCTX-M-14 (n=18), blaCTX-M-3(n=11), blaCTX-M-65 (n=4), blaCTX-M-15 (n=3), blaCTX-M-28 (n=2), blaCTX-M-55 (n=2), blaCTX-M-22 (n=1)] and six blaSHV subtypes [blaSHV-12(n=16), blaSHV-11 (n=4), blaSHV-2a(n=1), blaSHV-1(n=1), blaSHV-38(n=1) and blaSHV-28(n=1)] were detected. The frequency of virulence genes was as follows: 100% for entB, ybtS and irp, 95.8% for mrkD, 91.66% for fimH, 79.2% for iutA, 62.5% for iroBCDE, aerobactin and kfu, 66.7% for allS, 45.8% for wcaG, 37.5% for rmpA, 20.8% for pagO and 16.7% for magA. Conclusion From this study, we concluded that the blaKPC and blaNDM co-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have a high diversity and frequency of resistance and virulence genes. This study may offer hospitals important information about the control of infections caused by blaKPC and blaNDM co-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yini Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuni Shen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelei Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yancheng He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Penggao Dai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Nie
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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10
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Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation. EcoSal Plus 2019; 8. [PMID: 30447062 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0002-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are cidal inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis that have been utilized for the treatment of serious bacterial infections for almost 80 years. There have been approximately 15 members of this class approved worldwide for the treatment of a variety of infections, many serious and life threatening. While aminoglycoside use declined due to the introduction of other antibiotic classes such as cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems, there has been a resurgence of interest in the class as multidrug-resistant pathogens have spread globally. Furthermore, aminoglycosides are recommended as part of combination therapy for empiric treatment of certain difficult-to-treat infections. The development of semisynthetic aminoglycosides designed to overcome common aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms, and the shift to once-daily dosing, has spurred renewed interest in the class. Plazomicin is the first new aminoglycoside to be approved by the FDA in nearly 40 years, marking the successful start of a new campaign to rejuvenate the class.
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11
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Efficacy of Apramycin against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Murine Neutropenic Thigh Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02585-17. [PMID: 29339396 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02585-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apramycin, an aminocyclitol aminoglycoside, was rapidly bactericidal against Acinetobacter baumannii In a neutropenic murine thigh infection model, treatment-associated A. baumannii CFU reductions of >4 log10 per thigh were observed for all exposures for which area under the curve (AUC)/MIC ratio was >50 and maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax)/MIC was ≈10 or higher. Based on these findings, we suggest that apramycin deserves further preclinical exploration as a repurposed therapeutic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, including A. baumannii.
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12
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Wang Y, Shen M, Yang J, Dai M, Chang Y, Zhang C, Luan G, Ling B, Jia X. Prevalence of carbapenemases among high-level aminoglycoside-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in a university hospital in China. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3642-3652. [PMID: 28101158 PMCID: PMC5228107 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of aminoglycoside resistant enzymes has previously been reported and extended-spectrum β-lactamase among Acinetobacter baumannii. To track the risk of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenemases in high-level aminoglycoside resistant A. baumannii over two years. A total of 118 strains of A. baumannii were consecutively collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China. These isolates were investigated on the genetic basis of their resistance to aminoglycosides. The results showed that 75 (63.56%) isolates were high-level resistant to aminoglycosides, including gentamicin and amikacin (minimum inhibitory concentration, ≥256 µg/ml). Aminoglycoside-resistant genes ant(2″)-Ia, aac(6′)-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, armA, rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtD, rmtE, rmtF, rmtG, rmtH and npmA, and carbapenem-resistant genes blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58, blaSIM, blaIMP, blaNDM-1 and blaKPC, were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. The positive rate of ant(2″)-Ia, aac(6′)-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aac(3)-Ia and aac(3)-IIa was 66.95, 69.49, 42.37, 39.83 and 14.41%, respectively. armA was present in 72.0% (54/75) of A. baumannii isolates with high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. The remaining nine 16S ribosomal RNA methlyase genes (rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtD, rmtE, rmtF, rmtG, rmtH and npmA) and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme gene aac(6′)-Ib-cr were not detected. Among the 54 armA-positive isolates, the prevalence of the carbapenem resistant blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes was 79.63 and 100%, respectively. armA, ant(2″)-Ia and aac(6′)-Ib were positive in 43 isolates. The results of multilocus sequence typing revealed 31 sequence types (STs) in all clinical strains. Among these STs, the high-level aminoglycoside-resistant A. baumannii ST92, which mostly harbored blaOXA-23, was the predominant clone (29/75). In conclusion, A. baumannii harboring carbapenemases and aminoglycoside-resistant enzymes are extremely prevalent in western China, emphasizing the need to adopt surveillance programs to solve the therapeutic challenges that this presents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Min Shen
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Jingni Yang
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Yaowen Chang
- Small Molecule Drugs Sichuan Key Laboratory, Institute of Materia Medica, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Small Molecule Drugs Sichuan Key Laboratory, Institute of Materia Medica, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Guangxin Luan
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Baodong Ling
- Small Molecule Drugs Sichuan Key Laboratory, Institute of Materia Medica, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
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13
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Montaña S, Schramm STJ, Traglia GM, Chiem K, Parmeciano Di Noto G, Almuzara M, Barberis C, Vay C, Quiroga C, Tolmasky ME, Iriarte A, Ramírez MS. The Genetic Analysis of an Acinetobacter johnsonii Clinical Strain Evidenced the Presence of Horizontal Genetic Transfer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161528. [PMID: 27548264 PMCID: PMC4993456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter johnsonii rarely causes human infections. While most A. johnsonii isolates are susceptible to virtually all antibiotics, strains harboring a variety of β-lactamases have recently been described. An A. johnsonii Aj2199 clinical strain recovered from a hospital in Buenos Aires produces PER-2 and OXA-58. We decided to delve into its genome by obtaining the whole genome sequence of the Aj2199 strain. Genome comparison studies on Aj2199 revealed 240 unique genes and a close relation to strain WJ10621, isolated from the urine of a patient in China. Genomic analysis showed evidence of horizontal genetic transfer (HGT) events. Forty-five insertion sequences and two intact prophages were found in addition to several resistance determinants such as blaPER-2, blaOXA-58, blaTEM-1, strA, strB, ereA, sul1, aacC2 and a new variant of blaOXA-211, called blaOXA-498. In particular, blaPER-2 and blaTEM-1 are present within the typical contexts previously described in the Enterobacteriaceae family. These results suggest that A. johnsonii actively acquires exogenous DNA from other bacterial species and concomitantly becomes a reservoir of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Montaña
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sareda T. J. Schramm
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - German Matías Traglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Gisela Parmeciano Di Noto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Almuzara
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Barberis
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vay
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo E. Tolmasky
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Soledad Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Garneau-Tsodikova S, Labby KJ. Mechanisms of Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Overview and Perspectives. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015; 7:11-27. [PMID: 26877861 DOI: 10.1039/c5md00344j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics are used to treat many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive infections and, importantly, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Among various bacterial species, resistance to AGs arises through a variety of intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. The bacterial cell wall serves as a natural barrier for small molecules such as AGs and may be further fortified via acquired mutations. Efflux pumps work to expel AGs from bacterial cells, and modifications here too may cause further resistance to AGs. Mutations in the ribosomal target of AGs, while rare, also contribute to resistance. Of growing clinical prominence is resistance caused by ribosome methyltransferases. By far the most widespread mechanism of resistance to AGs is the inactivation of these antibiotics by AG-modifying enzymes. We provide here an overview of these mechanisms by which bacteria become resistant to AGs and discuss their prevalence and potential for clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. ; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Kristin J Labby
- Beloit College, Department of Chemistry, 700 College Street, Beloit, WI, USA. ; Tel: 608-363-2273
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