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Molecular Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Producing blaVIM, blaNDM, and blaIMP in Clinical Centers in Isfahan, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.114473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence and spread of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae are growing global public health concerns. One of the most common mechanisms of carbapenem resistance is the production of MBLs, including Verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM), New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) and imipenemase (IMP). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate MBLs production among K. pneumoniae isolates. Methods: In this study, 240 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from clinical samples in three clinical centers of Isfahan, Iran, during February 2017 and November 2018. All isolates were identified using biochemical, microbiological, and molecular methods, and then antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed to find MBL-producing isolates via phenotypic and genotypic detection methods. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics against MBL-positive strains was determined by E-test. Eventually, the clonal relatedness of the MBL-positive strains was analyzed using both multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and rep-PCR. Results: Overall, 33.7% (81/240) of the isolates were resistant to carbapenems, among which 25 (30.8%) were considered MBL-positive. Among 81 strains resistant to carbapenems, genes encoding FimH, rmpA, and mrkD were detected in 87.6% (71/81), 11.1% (9/81), and 67.9% (55/81) of the isolates, respectively. Besides, TEM and SHV as antibiotic resistance genes were detected in 49.3% (40/81) and 80.2% (65/81) of the isolates. But, magA was not detected in any of the tested isolates. The PCR results revealed that blaVIM-1 was the most prevalent gene (13.6%; 11/81), while both blaIMP-1 and blaNDM-1 were only detected in two isolates. Multilocus sequence typing demonstrated that 15 MBL producers belonged to three sequence types (ST): 11 to ST23, two to ST1147, and two to ST15. Finally, rep-PCR typing showed similar fingerprints with MLST, except for ST23, such that ST23 was discriminated in two clonal groups, suggesting the greater discriminatory power of rep-PCR. Conclusions: Here, we reported the emergence of MBL-producing K. pneumoniae in clinical centers of Isfahan, Iran. The findings are alarming and represent the urgent need for the application of infection control programs.
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Pérez-Garza J, Franco-Frías E, García-Heredia A, García S, Leon JS, Jaykus LA, Heredia N. The Cantaloupe Farm Environment Has a Diverse Genetic Pool of Antibiotic-Resistance and Virulence Genes. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:469-476. [PMID: 33900863 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantaloupes contaminated with pathogens have led to many high-profile outbreaks and illnesses. Since bacterial virulence genes (VGs) can act in tandem with antibiotic-resistance and mobile genetic elements, there is a need to evaluate these gene reservoirs in fresh produce, such as cantaloupes. The goal of this study was to assess the distribution of antibiotic-resistance, virulence, and mobile genetic elements genes (MGEGs) in cantaloupe farm environments. A total of 200 samples from cantaloupe melons (n = 99), farm workers' hands (n = 66), and production water (n = 35) were collected in México. Each sample was assayed for the presence of 14 antibiotic-resistance genes, 15 VGs, and 5 MGEGs by polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicated that tetracycline (tetA and tetB) (18% of cantaloupe, 45% of hand samples) and sulfonamide (sul1) (30% of cantaloupe, 71% of hand samples) resistance genes were frequently detected. The colistin resistance gene (mcr1) was detected in 10% of cantaloupe and 23% of farm workers' hands. Among VGs, Salmonella genes invA and spiA were the most abundant. There was a significantly higher likelihood of detecting antibiotic-resistance, virulence, and MGEGs on hands compared with water samples. These results demonstrate a diverse pool of antibiotic-resistance and VGs in cantaloupe production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeth Pérez-Garza
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética de Microorganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México
| | - Eduardo Franco-Frías
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética de Microorganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México
| | - Alam García-Heredia
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Santos García
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética de Microorganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México
| | - Juan S Leon
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Jaykus
- Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Norma Heredia
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética de Microorganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México
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Moghadam MT, Shariati A, Mirkalantari S, Karmostaji A. The complex genetic region conferring transferable antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 36:100693. [PMID: 32670591 PMCID: PMC7339125 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance due to transferable resistance genes is one of the most important concerns in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from nosocomial infections. Eighty-eight K. pneumoniae isolates were confirmed through biochemical methods. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a disc-diffusion method. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production among the isolates was screened using a double-disc synergism test, and the resistance genes were identified using PCR. The eight loci for multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) genotyping were selected along with the primers. According to our findings, neomycin (5; 5.6%) and carbapenems (10; 11.3%) showed the most remarkable inhibitory effect but co-trimoxazole (46; 52.2%) was the least effective antibiotic against K. pneumoniae isolates. bla CTX-M-1 , qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, intI, intII, aac3 and aac6 were detected in 30 (34%), 5 (5.6%), 29 (32.9%), 23 (26.1%), 88 (100%), 72 (81.8%), 26 (29.5%) and 28 (31.8%) of the 88 isolates, respectively. But none of the K. pneumoniae isolates expressed the intIII gene. Using MLVA, 23 MLVA types and eight clusters were identified. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were classified into two clonal complexes. Effective strategies for infection control should be applied to monitor and control the spread of multidrug-resistant isolates by the resistance genes located on the mobile genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Moghadam
- PhD student of bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shariati
- PhD student of bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mirkalantari
- Assistant Professor in Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Karmostaji
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Jafari Z, Harati AA, Haeili M, Kardan-Yamchi J, Jafari S, Jabalameli F, Meysamie A, Abdollahi A, Feizabadi MM. Molecular Epidemiology and Drug Resistance Pattern of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:336-343. [PMID: 30351186 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates and their involvement in several nosocomial outbreaks are of high concern. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic relatedness and molecular determinants of carbapenem resistance in 100 CRKP isolates. Susceptibility to carbapenems as well as other antibiotics was determined by using disk diffusion method. The Modified Hodge test was performed for detection of carbapenemase production. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antibiotics were determined by broth microdilution method. The presence of blaOXA-48, blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaVIM carbapenemase genes was examined by PCR, and clonal relatedness of CRKP isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. blaOXA-48 was the most frequent carbapenemase gene (72%), followed by blaNDM (31%). None of the isolates harbored blaKPC and blaVIM genes. PFGE separated the majority of isolates into 10 clusters, including the major clusters A and B, carrying blaOXA-48, and clusters C and D, carrying blaNDM, and 4 isolates had a unique PFGE pattern. An increased rate of colistin resistance (50%) was detected among the isolates. Tigecycline was found to be the most active agent against CRKP isolates. Our results revealed that high prevalence of blaOXA-48 and blaNDM carbapenamses and resistance to colistin are alarming threats, necessitating an immediate action to prevent the spread of carbapenem-colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jafari
- 1 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,2 Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Ali Harati
- 1 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Haeili
- 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalil Kardan-Yamchi
- 4 Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Jafari
- 5 Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jabalameli
- 1 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Alipasha Meysamie
- 6 Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- 7 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- 1 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,8 Thorax Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Evaluation of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Clinical Urine Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Semnan, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.63637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Derakhshan S, Pourzare M, Roshani D. Distribution of Virulence Factors According to Antibiotic Susceptibility among Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection. Indian J Nephrol 2018; 28:191-197. [PMID: 29962668 PMCID: PMC5998716 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_30_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the major causative pathogen of urinary tract infection (UTI) in humans. Virulence and drug resistance play important roles in the pathogenesis of E. coli infections. The aims were to investigate the presence of uropathogenic virulence genes and to evaluate a relationship between antibiotic resistance and virulence in E. coli from UTI. A total of 132 E. coli were collected between April and June 2015 in two hospitals of Sanandaj, Iran. Isolates were examined for susceptibility to 16 antibiotic disks using the disk diffusion method and for possession of virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction. Associations between antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were investigated. A P < 0.05 was considered significant. Of the 132 isolates, the most prevalent virulence gene was pap (31.1%), followed by cnf (28.8%), hly (16.7%), and afa (10.6%). Different patterns of virulence genes were identified. A significant association was detected between the simultaneous presence of hly and pap. The most effective antibiotics were nitrofurantoin, cefoxitin, and imipenem and the least effective were ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and cefotaxime. An association was seen between the presence of cnf and susceptibility to the certain antibiotics, whereas strains with a reduced susceptibility to the certain antibiotics were associated with a significantly increased prevalence of afa and hly (P < 0.05). These findings suggest a correlation between the presence of virulence gene and resistance in E. coli strains from UTI. The results indicate that there is a need for surveillance programs to monitor drug resistance in pathogenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Derakhshan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Liver and Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - M Pourzare
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - D Roshani
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Multiple-Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis ofKlebsiella pneumoniae: Comparison with Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:626-632. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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