Systematic teaching method to enhance the effectiveness of training for paragonimiasis

Paragonimiasis

Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Humans usually become infected by eating freshwater crabs or crayfish containing encysted metacercariae of these worms. However, an alternative route of infection exists: ingestion of raw meat from a mammalian paratenic host. Adult worms normally occur in pairs in cysts in the lungs from which they void their eggs via air passages. The pulmonary form is typical in cases of human infection due to P. westermani, P. heterotremus, and a few other species. Worms may occupy other sites in the body, notably the brain, but lung flukes have made their presence felt in almost every organ. Ectopic paragonimiasis is particularly common when infection is due to members of the P. skrjabini complex. Human paragonimiasis occurs primarily in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, with different species being responsible in different areas (Table 6.1).

Factors affecting the scientific research ability and the corresponding countermeasures in clinical postgraduates

BACKGROUND

Scientific research ability (SRA) is very important for clinical postgraduates. However, the factors affecting students' SRA are constantly changing with the development of medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the current situation of SRA in clinical postgraduates and exploring the potential factors and the corresponding countermeasures under the background of new medical science.

METHODS

A total of 133 postgraduates (first- or second-year) were investigated by questionnaire in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. All results were analyzed by R software.

RESULTS

In terms of the SRA, academic-degree postgraduate students (ADPSs) were significantly better than professional-degree postgraduate students (PDPSs) (P = 0.001), the students with scientific research interest were remarkably better than those without scientific research interest (P = 0.004), the students who mastered statistical analysis methods were more prominent than those who did not (P = 0.007), the students with paper-writing skills were obviously superior to those without it (P = 0.003), and the second-year students were notably better than the first-year students (P = 0.003). Stratified analysis by the above factors except the degree type showed no significant difference in the first-year postgraduates. In the second-year postgraduates, the ADPSs were remarkably superior to the PDPSs (P = 0.002), the students with scientific research interest were obviously better than those without scientific research interest (P = 0.014), the students with more time investment in scientific research were more prominent than those with less time investment in scientific research (P = 0.025), the students with paper-writing skills were notably superior to those without it (P = 0.031), and the students with plotting ability were better than those without it (P = 0.013).

CONCLUSION

The important factors affecting the SRA of clinical postgraduates include the degree type, the grade of student, scientific research interest, time investment in scientific research, statistical analysis methods, paper-writing skills, plotting ability. In short, earlier systematic SRA training contributes to the improvement of SRA in clinical postgraduates, especially in PDPSs.

Paragonimiasis

Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Humans usually become infected by eating freshwater crabs or crayfish containing encysted metacercariae of these worms. However, an alternative route of infection exists: ingestion of raw meat from a mammalian paratenic host. Adult worms normally occur in pairs in cysts in the lungs from which they void their eggs via air passages. The pulmonary form is typical in cases of human infection due to P. westermani, P. heterotremus, and a few other species (Table 5.1). Worms may occupy other sites in the body, notably the brain, but lung flukes have made their presence felt in almost every organ. Ectopic paragonimiasis is particularly common when infection is due to members of the P. skrjabini complex (Table 5.1). Human paragonimiasis occurs primarily in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, with different species being responsible in different areas (Table 5.1).

Paragonimiasis

Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Humans usually become infected by eating freshwater crabs or crayfish containing encysted metacercariae of these worms. However, an alternative route of infection exists: ingestion of raw meat from a mammalian paratenic host. Adult worms normally occur in pairs in cysts in the lungs from which they void their eggs via air passages. The pulmonary form is typical in cases of human infection due to P. westermani, P. heterotremus, and a few other species (Table 5.1). Worms may occupy other sites in the body, notably the brain, but lung flukes have made their presence felt in almost every organ. Ectopic paragonimiasis is particularly common when infection is due to members of the P. skrjabini complex (Table 5.1). Human paragonimiasis occurs primarily in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, with different species being responsible in different areas (Table 5.1).