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Iyer G, Balar AV, Milowsky MI, Bochner BH, Dalbagni G, Donat SM, Herr HW, Huang WC, Taneja SS, Woods M, Ostrovnaya I, Al-Ahmadie H, Arcila ME, Riches JC, Meier A, Bourque C, Shady M, Won H, Rose TL, Kim WY, Kania BE, Boyd ME, Cipolla CK, Regazzi AM, Delbeau D, McCoy AS, Vargas HA, Berger MF, Solit DB, Rosenberg JE, Bajorin DF. Multicenter Prospective Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Dose-Dense Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:1949-1956. [PMID: 29742009 PMCID: PMC6049398 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.75.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy (RC) is a standard of care for the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Dose-dense cisplatin-based regimens have yielded favorable outcomes compared with standard-dose chemotherapy, yet the optimal neoadjuvant regimen remains undefined. We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of six cycles of neoadjuvant dose-dense gemcitabine and cisplatin (ddGC) in patients with MIBC. Patients and Methods In this prospective, multicenter phase II study, patients received ddGC (gemcitabine 2,500 mg/m2 on day 1 and cisplatin 35 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2) every 2 weeks for 6 cycles followed by RC. The primary end point was pathologic downstaging to non-muscle-invasive disease (< pT2N0). Patients who did not undergo RC were deemed nonresponders. Pretreatment tumors underwent next-generation sequencing to identify predictors of chemosensitivity. Results Forty-nine patients were enrolled from three institutions. The primary end point was met, with 57% of 46 evaluable patients downstaged to < pT2N0. Pathologic response correlated with improved recurrence-free survival and overall survival. Nineteen patients (39%) required toxicity-related dose modifications. Sixty-seven percent of patients completed all six planned cycles. No patient failed to undergo RC as a result of chemotherapy-associated toxicities. The most frequent treatment-related toxicity was anemia (12%; grade 3). The presence of a presumed deleterious DNA damage response (DDR) gene alteration was associated with chemosensitivity (positive predictive value for < pT2N0 [89%]). No patient with a deleterious DDR gene alteration has experienced recurrence at a median follow-up of 2 years. Conclusion Six cycles of ddGC is an active, well-tolerated neoadjuvant regimen for the treatment of patients with MIBC. The presence of a putative deleterious DDR gene alteration in pretreatment tumor tissue strongly predicted for chemosensitivity, durable response, and superior long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopa Iyer
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Arjun V. Balar
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew I. Milowsky
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bernard H. Bochner
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Guido Dalbagni
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - S. Machele Donat
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Harry W. Herr
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William C. Huang
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Samir S. Taneja
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael Woods
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hikmat Al-Ahmadie
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Maria E. Arcila
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jamie C. Riches
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andreas Meier
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Caitlin Bourque
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Maha Shady
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Helen Won
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tracy L. Rose
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William Y. Kim
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brooke E. Kania
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mariel E. Boyd
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Catharine K. Cipolla
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ashley M. Regazzi
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Daniela Delbeau
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Asia S. McCoy
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hebert Alberto Vargas
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael F. Berger
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David B. Solit
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jonathan E. Rosenberg
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Dean F. Bajorin
- Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Irina Ostrovnaya, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Maria E. Arcila, Jamie C. Riches, Andreas Meier, Caitlin Bourque, Maha Shady, Helen Won, Brooke E. Kania, Mariel E. Boyd, Catharine K. Cipolla, Ashley M. Regazzi, Asia S. McCoy, Hebert Alberto Vargas, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, and Dean F. Bajorin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Gopa Iyer, Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, S. Machele Donat, Harry W. Herr, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, and Dean F. Bajorin, Weill Cornell Medical College; Arjun V. Balar, William C. Huang, Samir S. Taneja, and Daniela Delbeau, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Matthew I. Milowsky, Michael Woods, Tracy L. Rose, and William Y. Kim, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
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