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Otani IM, Lehman HK, Jongco AM, Tsao LR, Azar AE, Tarrant TK, Engel E, Walter JE, Truong TQ, Khan DA, Ballow M, Cunningham-Rundles C, Lu H, Kwan M, Barmettler S. Practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of secondary hypogammaglobulinemia: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Primary Immunodeficiency and Altered Immune Response Committees. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1525-1560. [PMID: 35176351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia (SHG) is characterized by reduced immunoglobulin levels due to acquired causes of decreased antibody production or increased antibody loss. Clarification regarding whether the hypogammaglobulinemia is secondary or primary is important because this has implications for evaluation and management. Prior receipt of immunosuppressive medications and/or presence of conditions associated with SHG development, including protein loss syndromes, are histories that raise suspicion for SHG. In patients with these histories, a thorough investigation of potential etiologies of SHG reviewed in this report is needed to devise an effective treatment plan focused on removal of iatrogenic causes (eg, discontinuation of an offending drug) or treatment of the underlying condition (eg, management of nephrotic syndrome). When iatrogenic causes cannot be removed or underlying conditions cannot be reversed, therapeutic options are not clearly delineated but include heightened monitoring for clinical infections, supportive antimicrobials, and in some cases, immunoglobulin replacement therapy. This report serves to summarize the existing literature regarding immunosuppressive medications and populations (autoimmune, neurologic, hematologic/oncologic, pulmonary, posttransplant, protein-losing) associated with SHG and highlights key areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris M Otani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif.
| | - Heather K Lehman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Artemio M Jongco
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, NY
| | - Lulu R Tsao
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Antoine E Azar
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Teresa K Tarrant
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Elissa Engel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jolan E Walter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Fla; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston
| | - Tho Q Truong
- Divisions of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver
| | - David A Khan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Mark Ballow
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Morsani College of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg
| | | | - Huifang Lu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Mildred Kwan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Sara Barmettler
- Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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2
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Engelhardt M, Waldschmidt JM, Wäsch R. Proteasome inhibition: the dawn of novel therapies in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2020; 107:1018-1019. [PMID: 35502593 PMCID: PMC9052908 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.280857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Moritz Waldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. Freiburg, Germany
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Nooka AK, Joseph NS, Kaufman JL, Heffner LT, Gupta VA, Gleason C, Boise LH, Lonial S. Clinical efficacy of daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma: Utility of re-treatment with daratumumab among refractory patients. Cancer 2019; 125:2991-3000. [PMID: 31090928 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of daratumumab (DARA) both as a monotherapy and in combination with standard-of-care regimens in multiple myeloma (MM) has been established in clinical trials. This article presents a retrospective analysis of the safety and efficacy of DARA in combination with pomalidomide (POM) and dexamethasone (ie, daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone [DARA-POM-D]) and, more importantly, the long-term follow-up of a cohort that was naive to DARA and POM as well as a cohort in which the utility of re-treatment was evaluated among patients who were DARA- and/or POM-refractory. METHODS Thirty-four consecutive patients with relapsed and/or refractory MM treated with DARA-POM-D at the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University from January 2015 through July 2016 were included in the analysis. The study was approved by Emory University's institutional review board. All received prior proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and were refractory to their last line of therapy. RESULTS All patients were lenalidomide-refractory, and 91% were bortezomib-refractory. Two cohorts were identified on the basis of prior exposure to DARA and/or POM. Cohort 1 (12 patients) was DARA- and POM-naive, and cohort 2 (22 patients) was DARA- and/or POM-refractory. A subgroup of 12 patients in cohort 2 (cohort 3) was DARA- and POM-refractory. The combination's tolerability was consistent with the results of the published phase 1b study (EQUULES) that evaluated the combination and no new safety signals were observed. The overall response rates (ORRs) were 91.7%, 40.9%, and 33.3% in cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Deep responses, including 4 stringent complete responses, were observed in cohort 1. In cohort 2, the ORR comprised 8 partial responses (PRs) and 1 very good PR. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was not reached in cohort 1 at a median follow-up of 41 months, and it was 3.2 months in cohort 2. DARA-POM-D not only was effective in DARA- and POM-naive patients but also produced clinical responses in a third of patients re-treated with these drugs. CONCLUSIONS A better than quadrupled PFS benefit observed in cohort 1 in comparison with the previously reported benefit in the EQUULEUS trial (which led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of the DARA-POM-D combination) highlights the fact that the introduction of monoclonal antibody combination strategies and IMiDs as earlier lines of therapeutic options potentially could deliver better clinical outcomes. One-third of patients refractory to separate lines of DARA and/or POM responded when they were re-treated with a combination, and this resulted in survival benefits equivalent to those of other antimyeloma agents/combinations available for DARA-refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Nooka
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nisha S Joseph
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathan L Kaufman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leonard T Heffner
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vikas A Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charise Gleason
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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4
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Zhang L, Pham LV, Newberry KJ, Ou Z, Liang R, Qian J, Sun L, Blonska M, You Y, Yang J, Lin X, Rollo A, Tamayo AT, Lee J, Ford RJ, Zhao X, Kwak LW, Yi Q, Wang M. In vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of carfilzomib in mantle cell lymphoma: targeting the immunoproteasome. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2494-504. [PMID: 23990113 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains incurable due to its inevitable pattern of relapse after treatment with current existing therapies. However, the promise of a cure for MCL lies in the burgeoning area of novel agents. In this study, we elucidated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of carfilzomib, a novel long-acting second-generation proteasome inhibitor, in MCL cells. We found that carfilzomib induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in both established MCL cell lines and freshly isolated primary MCL cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, carfilzomib was less toxic to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals. The carfilzomib-induced apoptosis of MCL cells was mediated by the activation of JNK, Bcl-2, and mitochondria-related pathways. In addition, carfilzomib inhibited the growth and survival signaling pathways NF-κB and STAT3. Interestingly, we discovered that expression of immunoproteasome (i-proteasome) subunits is required for the anti-MCL activity of carfilzomib in MCL cells. In MCL-bearing SCID mice/primary MCL-bearing SCID-hu mice, intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg carfilzomib on days 1 and 2 for 5 weeks slowed/abrogated tumor growth and significantly prolonged survival. Our preclinical data show that carfilzomib is a promising, potentially less toxic treatment for MCL. Furthermore, an intact i-proteasome, especially LMP2, appears to be necessary for its anti-MCL activity, suggesting that i-proteasome could serve as a biomarker for identifying patients who will benefit from carfilzomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Corresponding Authors: Liang Zhang, Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 0903, Houston, TX 77030.
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5
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Merli M, Ferrario A, Basilico C, Maffioli M, Caramazza D, Appio L, Arcaini L, Passamonti F. Novel agents in indolent lymphomas. Ther Adv Hematol 2013; 4:133-48. [PMID: 23610620 PMCID: PMC3629754 DOI: 10.1177/2040620712466865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (iNHLs) include follicular lymphomas (FL), marginal-zone lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma. First-line standard therapy in advanced, symptomatic iNHL consists of rituximab-based immunochemotherapy. The recent rediscovery of the 'old' chemotherapeutic agent bendamustine, an alkylating agent with a peculiar mechanism of action, has added a new effective and well-tolerated option to the therapeutic armamentarium in iNHL, increasing response rates and duration. However, patients invariably relapse and subsequent active and well-tolerated agents are needed. In recent years a large number of new targeted agents have been tested in preclinical and clinical experimentation in FL and indolent nonfollicular lymphoma (iNFL), including the new monoclonal antibodies binding CD20 or other surface antigens, immunoconjugates and bispecific antibodies. Moreover novel agents directed against intracellular processes such as proteasome inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors and agents that target the tumour microenvironment, notably the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide, are under active clinical investigation. The development of these new drugs may change in the near future the approach to iNHL patients, leading to better tolerated and effective therapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Merli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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6
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The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib targets cell cycle and apoptosis and acts synergistically in a sequence-dependent way with chemotherapeutic agents in mantle cell lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2012; 91:847-56. [PMID: 22231280 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-011-1377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-agent bortezomib, a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in relapsed and refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Objective response is achieved in up to 45% of the MCL patients; however, complete remission rates are low and duration of response proved to be relatively short. These limitations may be overcome by combining proteasome inhibition with conventional chemotherapy. Rational combination treatment and schedules require profound knowledge of underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we show that single-agent bortezomib treatment of MCL cell lines leads to G2/M arrest and induction of apoptosis accompanied by downregulation of EIF4E and CCND1 mRNA but upregulation of p15(INK4B) and p21 mRNA. We further present synergistic efficacy of bortezomib combined with cytarabine in MCL cell lines. Interestingly this sequence-dependent synergistic effect was seen almost exclusively in combination with AraC, indicating that pretreatment with cytarabine, followed by proteasome inhibition, may be the preferred approach.
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7
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Krawczuk-Rybak M, Leszczynska E, Malinowska I, Matysiak M, Ostrowska H. Proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity in plasma as a useful marker for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2011; 72:67-72. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2011.634021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Salles G. Is there a role for bortezomib combinations in the management of patients with follicular lymphoma? J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:3349-50. [PMID: 21810690 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.35.5586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Chen D, Frezza M, Schmitt S, Kanwar J, Dou QP. Bortezomib as the first proteasome inhibitor anticancer drug: current status and future perspectives. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2011; 11:239-53. [PMID: 21247388 DOI: 10.2174/156800911794519752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has emerged as a rational approach in the treatment of human cancer. Based on positive preclinical and clinical studies, bortezomib was subsequently approved for the clinical use as a front-line treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, for which this drug has become the staple of treatment. The approval of bortezomib by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) represented a significant milestone as the first proteasome inhibitor to be implemented in the treatment of malignant disease. Bortezomib has shown a positive clinical benefit either alone or as a part of combination therapy to induce chemo-/radio-sensitization or overcome drug resistance. One of the major mechanisms of bortezomib associated with its anticancer activity is through upregulation of NOXA, which is a proapoptotic protein, and NOXA may interact with the anti-apoptotic proteins of Bcl-2 subfamily Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-2, and result in apoptotic cell death in malignant cells. Another important mechanism of bortezomib is through suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway resulting in the down-regulation of its anti-apoptotic target genes. Although the majority of success achieved with bortezomib has been in hematological malignancies, its effect toward solid tumors has been less than encouraging. Additionally, the widespread clinical use of bortezomib continues to be hampered by the appearance of dose-limiting toxicities, drug-resistance and interference by some natural compounds. These findings could help guide physicians in refining the clinical use of bortezomib, and encourage basic scientists to generate next generation proteasome inhibitors that broaden the spectrum of efficacy and produce a more durable clinical response in cancer patients. Other desirable applications for the use of proteasome inhibitors include the development of inhibitors against specific E3 ligases, which act at an early step in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and the discovery of less toxic and novel proteasome inhibitors from natural products and traditional medicines, which may provide more viable drug candidates for cancer chemoprevention and the treatment of cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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10
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Stapnes C, Gjertsen BT, Reikvam H, Bruserud Ø. Targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia: current status and future directions. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009; 18:433-55. [DOI: 10.1517/14728220902787628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Stapnes
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Section for Haematology, N-5021 Bergen, Norway ;
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Section for Haematology, N-5021 Bergen, Norway ;
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Section for Haematology, N-5021 Bergen, Norway ;
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Section for Haematology, N-5021 Bergen, Norway ;
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11
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Zhang QL, Wang L, Zhang YW, Jiang XX, Yang F, Wu WL, Janin A, Chen Z, Shen ZX, Chen SJ, Zhao WL. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib interacts synergistically with the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid to induce T-leukemia/lymphoma cells apoptosis. Leukemia 2009; 23:1507-14. [PMID: 19282831 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between inhibitors of the proteasome and histone deacetylases have been examined in human T-leukemia/lymphoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Co-exposure of cells to bortezomib and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) synergistically induces T-leukemia/lymphoma cells to undergo apoptosis, consistent with a significant increase in mitochondrial injury and caspase activation. These events are accompanied by inhibition of cyto-protective signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, Raf-1/mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and AKT pathways, and activation of stress-related cascades, including the stress-activated kinases c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK). Moreover, bortezomib in conjunction with SAHA efficiently induces apoptosis of primary T-leukemia/lymphoma cells and inhibits tumor growth in a murine xenograft model established with subcutaneous injection of Jurkat cells. Taken together, these findings confirm the synergistic anti-tumor effect of the proteasome and histone deacetylase inhibitors, and provide an insight into the future clinical applications of bortezomib-SAHA combining regimen in treating T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Milano A, Perri F, Caponigro F. The ubiquitin-proteasome system as a molecular target in solid tumors: an update on bortezomib. Onco Targets Ther 2009; 2:171-8. [PMID: 20616904 PMCID: PMC2886336 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system has become a promising molecular target in cancer therapy due to its critical role in cellular protein degradation, interaction with cell cycle and apoptosis regulation, and unique mechanism of action. Bortezomib (PS-341) is a potent and specific reversible proteasome inhibitor, which has shown strong in vitro antitumor activity as single agent and in combination with other cytotoxic drugs in a broad spectrum of hematological and solid malignancies. In preclinical studies, bortezomib induced apoptosis of malignant cells through the inhibition of NF-|B and stabilization of pro-apoptotic proteins. Bortezomib also promotes chemo- and radiosensitization of malignant cells in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in murine xenograft models. The proteasome has been established as a relevant target in hematologic malignancies and bortezomib has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. This review summarizes recent data from clinical trials in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Milano
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
| | - F Perri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, National Tumour Institute of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - F Caponigro
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, National Tumour Institute of Naples, Naples, Italy
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13
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Pagnan G, Di Paolo D, Carosio R, Pastorino F, Marimpietri D, Brignole C, Pezzolo A, Loi M, Galietta LJ, Piccardi F, Cilli M, Nico B, Ribatti D, Pistoia V, Ponzoni M. The Combined Therapeutic Effects of Bortezomib and Fenretinide on Neuroblastoma Cells Involve Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:1199-209. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib inhibited cell growth and angiogenesis in neuroblastoma. Bortezomib has been shown to induce synergistic activity when combined with other antineoplastic agents. Here we have investigated the antitumor activity of bortezomib in combination with fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid, against neuroblastoma cells.
Experimental Design: Different neuroblastoma cell lines were tested for sensitivity to bortezomib and fenretinide, given alone or in different dose-dependent and time-dependent combination schedules. Cell proliferation, cell viability, and apoptosis were evaluated by measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation, trypan blue staining, DNA fragmentation, and western blot analysis. Angiogenesis was assessed by the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. An orthotopic neuroblastoma mouse model was used to examine in vivo sensitivity.
Results: Each compound alone was able to induce a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, with a significant enhanced antiproliferative effect for the drugs used in combination. This inhibition was characterized by marked G2-M and G1 cell cycle arrest with nearly complete depletion of S phase. Bortezomib and fenretinide in association triggered an increased apoptosis through activation of specific genes of the endoplasmic reticulum stress compared with either drug tested alone. Tumor-bearing mice treated with bortezomib plus fenretinide lived statistically significantly longer than mice treated with each drug alone. Histologic evaluation and chorioallantoic membrane analysis of primary tumors showed that the combined therapeutic activity of bortezomib and fenretinide rested upon antitumor and antiangiogenic mechanisms.
Conclusions: These findings provide the rationale for the development of a new therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma based on this pharmacologic combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Federica Piccardi
- 3Animal Research Facility, National Cancer Institute, Genoa, Italy and
| | - Michele Cilli
- 3Animal Research Facility, National Cancer Institute, Genoa, Italy and
| | - Beatrice Nico
- 4Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- 4Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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14
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Milacic V, Dou QP. The tumor proteasome as a novel target for gold(III) complexes: implications for breast cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2009; 253:1649-1660. [PMID: 20047011 PMCID: PMC2675785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although cisplatin plays a vital role in the treatment of several types of human cancer, its wide use is limited by the development of drug resistance and associated toxic side effects. Gold and gold complexes have been used to treat a wide range of ailments for many centuries. In recent years, the use of gold(III) complexes as an alternative to cisplatin treatment was proposed due to the similarities of gold and platinum. Gold(III) is isoelectronic with platinum(II) and gold(III) complexes have the same square-planar geometries as platinum(II) complexes, such as cisplatin. Although it was originally thought that gold(III) complexes might have the same molecular target as cisplatin, several lines of data indicated that proteins, rather than DNA, are targeted by gold complexes. We have recently evaluated cytotoxic and anti-cancer effects of several gold(III) dithiocarbamates against human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We have identified the tumor proteasome as an important target for gold(III) complexes and have shown that proteasome inhibition by gold(III) complexes is associated with apoptosis induction in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, treatment of human breast tumor-bearing nude mice with a gold(III) dithiocarbamate complex was associated with tumor growth inhibition, supporting the significance of its potential development for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Milacic
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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15
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An EORTC phase I study of Bortezomib in combination with oxaliplatin, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Ostrowska H, Hempel D, Holub M, Sokolowski J, Kloczko J. Assessment of circulating proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity in plasma of patients with acute and chronic leukemias. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:1377-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Yang H, Landis-Piwowar KR, Chen D, Milacic V, Dou QP. Natural compounds with proteasome inhibitory activity for cancer prevention and treatment. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2008; 9:227-39. [PMID: 18537678 PMCID: PMC3303152 DOI: 10.2174/138920308784533998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is a multicatalytic protease complex that degrades most endogenous proteins including misfolded or damaged proteins to ensure normal cellular function. The ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway plays an essential role in multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. It has been shown that human cancer cells are more sensitive to proteasome inhibition than normal cells, indicating that a proteasome inhibitor could be used as a novel anticancer drug. Indeed, this idea has been supported by the encouraging results of the clinical trials using the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (Velcade, PS-341), a drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Several natural compounds, including the microbial metabolite lactacystin, green tea polyphenols, and traditional medicinal triterpenes, have been shown to be potent proteasome inhibitors. These findings suggest the potential use of natural proteasome inhibitors as not only chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents, but also tumor sensitizers to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this review, we will summarize the structures and biological activities of the proteasome and several natural compounds with proteasome inhibitory activity, and will discuss the potential use of these compounds for the prevention and treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yang
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - KR. Landis-Piwowar
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - D Chen
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - V Milacic
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - QP Dou
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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18
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Kim KB, Crews CM. Chemical genetics: exploring the role of the proteasome in cell biology using natural products and other small molecule proteasome inhibitors. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2600-5. [PMID: 18393403 PMCID: PMC2556560 DOI: 10.1021/jm070421s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Bo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082, USA.
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19
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The ubiquitin-proteasome system: a novel target for anticancer and anti-inflammatory drug research. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2008; 13:353-65. [PMID: 18311545 PMCID: PMC6275582 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-008-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is responsible for the degradation of most intracellular proteins, including those that control cell cycle progression, apoptosis, signal transduction and the NF-κB transcriptional pathway. Aberrations in the ubiquitin-proteasome system underlie the pathogenesis of many human diseases, so both the ubiquitin-conjugating system and the 20S proteasome are important targets for drug discovery. This article presents a few of the most important examples of the small molecule inhibitors and modulators targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system, their mode of action, and their potential therapeutic relevance in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory-related diseases.
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20
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Wehenkel M, Hong JT, Kim KB. Proteasome modulators: essential chemical genetic tools for understanding human diseases. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 4:280-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b716221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Ho YK, Bargagna-Mohan P, Wehenkel M, Mohan R, Kim KB. LMP2-specific inhibitors: chemical genetic tools for proteasome biology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:419-30. [PMID: 17462577 PMCID: PMC5541682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immunoproteasome, having been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and hematological cancers, has been shown to play an important role in MHC class I antigen presentation. However, its other pathophysiological functions are still not very well understood. This can be attributed mainly to a lack of appropriate molecular probes that can selectively modulate the immunoproteasome catalytic subunits. Herein, we report the development of molecular probes that selectively inhibit the major catalytic subunit, LMP2, of the immunoproteasome. We show that these compounds irreversibly modify the LMP2 subunit with high specificity. Importantly, LMP2-rich cancer cells compared to LMP2-deficient cancer cells are more sensitive to growth inhibition by the LMP2-specific inhibitor, implicating an important role of LMP2 in regulating cell growth of malignant tumors that highly express LMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Khuan Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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22
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Milano A, Iaffaioli RV, Caponigro F. The proteasome: a worthwhile target for the treatment of solid tumours? Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:1125-33. [PMID: 17379504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteasomes have a fundamental function since they degrade numerous different proteins, including those involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. Proteasome inhibition is a novel approach to the treatment of solid tumours. PS-341 (bortezomib) is a small, cell-permeable molecule that selectively inhibits the proteasome binding it in a reversible manner. The proteasome has been established as an important target in haematologic malignancies and has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Bortezomib induces apoptosis of malignant cells through the inhibition of NF-kappaB and stabilisation of proapoptotic proteins. In preclinical studies, bortezomib also promoted chemo and radiosensitisation of malignant cells in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in murine xenografts models. The single-agent and combination studies of bortezomib in solid tumours are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Milano
- Medical Oncology B, National Tumour Institute of Naples, Fondazione G Pascale Via M Semmola, Naples, Italy.
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23
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Stapnes C, Døskeland AP, Hatfield K, Ersvaer E, Ryningen A, Lorens JB, Gjertsen BT, Bruserud O. The proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and PR-171 have antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on primary human acute myeloid leukaemia cells. Br J Haematol 2007; 136:814-28. [PMID: 17341267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors represent a new class of antineoplastic drugs that are considered in the treatment of haematological malignancies. We compared the effects of the reversible proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade) and the epoxomicin derivative PR-171, an irreversible inhibitor, on primary human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells. Both drugs inhibited autocrine- and cytokine-dependent proliferation of primary AML blasts when tested at nanomolar levels (0.1-100 nmol/l). The antiproliferative effect was independent of basal chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity (showing a 20-fold variation between patients), genetic abnormalities, morphological differentiation and CD34 expression when testing a large group of consecutive patients (n = 54). The effect was retained in cocultures with bone marrow stromal cells. In addition, both drugs enhanced apoptosis. The effect of PR-171 could be detected at lower concentrations than for bortezomib, especially when testing the influence on clonogenic AML cell proliferation. Both drugs had divergent effects on AML cells' constitutive cytokine release. Furthermore, both drugs caused a decrease in proliferation and viability when tested in combination with idarubicin or cytarabine. An antiproliferative effect on primary human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells was also detected. We conclude that nanomolar levels of the proteasome inhibitors tested had dose-dependent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on primary AML cells in vitro.
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Shi YY, Small GW, Orlowski RZ. Proteasome inhibitors induce a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent anti-apoptotic program involving MAPK phosphatase-1 and Akt in models of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 100:33-47. [PMID: 16807678 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors represent a novel class of anti-tumor agents that have clinical efficacy against hematologic malignancies, but single-agent activity against solid tumors such as breast cancer has been disappointing, perhaps due to activation of anti-apoptotic survival signals. To evaluate a possible role for the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), A1N4-myc human mammary epithelial, and BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells, were studied. Exposure of these lines to pharmacologic p38 blockade enhanced proteasome inhibitor-mediated apoptosis, as did overexpression of dominant negative (DN)-p38-alpha and -beta-MAPK isoforms. Inhibition of p38 resulted in suppression of induction of anti-apoptotic MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1, in association with enhanced activation of the pro-apoptotic c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, infection of cells treated with a proteasome inhibitor/p38 inhibitor combination with Adenovirus (Ad) inducing over-expression of MKP-1 suppressed apoptosis compared with controls. Further targets of p38 MAPK were also studied, and proteasome inhibition activated phosphorylation of MAPK-activated protein kinase-2, heat shock protein (HSP)-27, and the AKT8 virus oncogene cellular homolog (Akt). Inhibition of p38 MAPK resulted in decreased phospho-HSP-27 and phospho-Akt, while down-regulation of HSP-27 with a small interfering RNA decreased phosphorylation of Akt, directly linking activation of p38 to Akt. Finally, inhibition of Akt with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitors increased apoptosis, as did over-expression of DN-Akt. These studies support the hypothesis that proteasome inhibitors activate an anti-apoptotic survival program through p38 MAPK that involves MKP-1 and Akt. Further, they suggest that strategies targeting MKP-1 and Akt could enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of proteasome inhibitors against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Y Shi
- 22-003 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB # 7295, Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
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