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Kasala D, Yoon AR, Hong J, Kim SW, Yun CO. Evolving lessons on nanomaterial-coated viral vectors for local and systemic gene therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1689-713. [PMID: 27348247 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors are promising gene carriers for cancer therapy. However, virus-mediated gene therapies have demonstrated insufficient therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials due to rapid dissemination to nontarget tissues and to the immunogenicity of viral vectors, resulting in poor retention at the disease locus and induction of adverse inflammatory responses in patients. Further, the limited tropism of viral vectors prevents efficient gene delivery to target tissues. In this regard, modification of the viral surface with nanomaterials is a promising strategy to augment vector accumulation at the target tissue, circumvent the host immune response, and avoid nonspecific interactions with the reticuloendothelial system or serum complement. In the present review, we discuss various chemical modification strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of viral vectors delivered either locally or systemically. We conclude by highlighting the salient features of various nanomaterial-coated viral vectors and their prospects and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayananda Kasala
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chandrashekran A, Casimir C, Dibb N, Readhead C, Winston R. Generating Transgenic Mice by Lentiviral Transduction of Spermatozoa Followed by In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1448:95-106. [PMID: 27317176 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3753-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Most transgenic technologies rely on the oocyte as a substrate for genetic modification. Transgenics animals are usually generated by the injection of the gene constructs (including lentiviruses encoding gene constructs or modified embryonic stem cells) into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg followed by the transfer of the injected embryos into the uterus of a foster mother. Male germ cells also have potential as templates for transgenic development. We have previously shown that mature sperm can be utilized as template for lentiviral transduction and as such used to generate transgenic mice efficiently with germ line capabilities. We provide here a detailed protocol that is relatively simple, to establish transgenic mice using lentivirally transduced spermatozoa. This protocol employs a well-established lentiviral gene delivery system (usual for somatic cells) delivering a variety of transgenes to be directly used with sperm, and the subsequent use of these modified sperm in in vitro fertilization studies and embryo transfer into foster female mice, for the establishment of transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Chandrashekran
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Colin Casimir
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science & Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Nick Dibb
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carol Readhead
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Robert Winston
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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3
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Lentiviral vector transduction of spermatozoa as a tool for the study of early development. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:266-75. [PMID: 24918038 PMCID: PMC4048842 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm are mature cell types that can be transduced by lentiviral vectors. Lentiviral integration in sperm has been demonstrated. Lentivirally transduced sperm is useful for the study of early development.
Spermatozoa and lentiviruses are two of nature’s most efficient gene delivery vehicles. Both can be genetically modified and used independently for the generation of transgenic animals or gene transfer/therapy of inherited disorders. Here we show that mature spermatozoa can be directly transduced with various pseudotyped lentiviral vectors and used in in vitro fertilisation studies. Lentiviral vectors encoding Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) were shown to be efficiently processed and expressed in sperm. When these transduced sperm were used in in vitro fertilisation studies, GFP expression was observed in arising blastocysts. This simple technique of directly transducing spermatozoa has potential to be a powerful tool for the study of early and pre-implantation development and could be used as a technique in transgenic development and vertical viral transmission studies.
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Key Words
- 293T, Human embryonic kidney cells
- 7-AAD, 7-Aminoactinomycin D
- AZT, azidodeoxythimidine
- CMV, Cytomegalovirus promoter
- Development
- EF-1, Elongation factor 1 alpha promoter
- GFP, Green Fluorescent Protein
- IVF, in vitro fertilisation
- In vitro fertilisation
- LTR, Long Terminal Repeat
- Lentiviral vectors
- PGK, Phosphoglycerate kinase promoter
- Spermatozoa
- Transduction
- Transgenics
- UCOE, ubiquitous chromatin opening element promoter
- VSV-g, vesicular stomatitis virus
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4
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Chandrashekran A, Sarkar R, Thrasher A, Fraser SE, Dibb N, Casimir C, Winston R, Readhead C. Efficient generation of transgenic mice by lentivirus‐mediated modification of spermatozoa. FASEB J 2013; 28:569-76. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-233999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Chandrashekran
- Department of Surgery and CancerDivision of CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB)Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rupa Sarkar
- Department of Surgery and CancerDivision of CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB)Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Adrian Thrasher
- Molecular Immunology UnitUniversity College London Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Biological Imaging CenterBeckman InstituteCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicholas Dibb
- Department of Surgery and CancerDivision of CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB)Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Colin Casimir
- Department of Natural SciencesSchool of Science and TechnologyMiddlesex UniversityLondonUK
| | - Robert Winston
- Department of Surgery and CancerDivision of CancerInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB)Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Carol Readhead
- Biological Imaging CenterBeckman InstituteCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
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5
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Development of the Nanobody display technology to target lentiviral vectors to antigen-presenting cells. Gene Ther 2012; 19:1133-40. [PMID: 22241177 PMCID: PMC3520013 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) provide unique opportunities for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies, as they transduce a variety of cells in situ, including antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Engineering LVs to specifically transduce APCs is required to promote their translation towards the clinic. We report on the Nanobody (Nb) display technology to target LVs to dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. This innovative approach exploits the budding mechanism of LVs to incorporate an APC-specific Nb and a binding-defective, fusion-competent form of VSV.G in the viral envelope. In addition to production of high titer LVs, we demonstrated selective, Nb-dependent transduction of mouse DCs and macrophages both in vitro and in situ. Moreover, this strategy was translated to a human model in which selective transduction of in vitro generated or lymph node (LN)-derived DCs and macrophages, was demonstrated. In conclusion, the Nb display technology is an attractive approach to generate LVs targeted to specific cell types.
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Howe SJ, Chandrashekran A. Vector systems for prenatal gene therapy: principles of retrovirus vector design and production. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 891:85-107. [PMID: 22648769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-873-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vectors derived from the Retroviridae family have several attributes required for successful gene delivery. Retroviral vectors have an adequate payload size for the coding regions of most genes; they are safe to handle and simple to produce. These vectors can be manipulated to target different cell types with low immunogenicity and can permanently insert genetic information into the host cells' genome. Retroviral vectors have been used in gene therapy clinical trials and successfully applied experimentally in vitro, in vivo, and in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Howe
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Wolfson Centre for Gene Therapy, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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7
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Froelich S, Tai A, Wang P. Lentiviral vectors for immune cells targeting. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 32:208-18. [PMID: 20085508 DOI: 10.3109/08923970903420582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are efficient gene delivery vehicles suitable for delivering long-term transgene expression in various cell types. Engineering LVs to have the capacity to transduce specific cell types is of great interest to advance the translation of LVs toward the clinic. Here we provide an overview of innovative approaches to target LVs to cells of the immune system. In this overview we distinguish between two types of LV targeting strategies: (i) targeting of the vectors to specific cells by LV surface modifications, and (ii) targeting at the level of transgene transcription by insertion of tissue-specific promoters to drive transgene expression. It is clear that each strategy is of enormous value but ultimately combining these approaches may help reduce the effects of off-target expression and improve the efficiency and safety of LVs for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Froelich
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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8
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Specific transduction of HIV-susceptible cells for CCR5 knockdown and resistance to HIV infection: a novel method for targeted gene therapy and intracellular immunization. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 52:152-61. [PMID: 19593160 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181b010a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 gene therapy offers a promising alternative to small molecule antiretroviral treatments and current vaccination strategies by transferring, into HIV-1-susceptible cells, the genetic ability to resist infection. The need for novel and innovative strategies to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection is critical due to devastating effects of the virus in developing countries, high cost, toxicity, generation of escape mutants from antiretroviral therapies, and the failure of past and current vaccination efforts. As a first step toward achieving this goal, an HIV-1-susceptible cell-specific targeting vector was evaluated to selectively transfer, into CCR5-positive target cells, an anti-HIV CCR5 shRNA gene for subsequent knockdown of CCR5 expression and protection from HIV-1 infection. Using a ZZ domain/monoclonal antibody-conjugated Sindbis virus glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviral vector, here we demonstrate the utility of this strategy for HIV-1 gene therapy by specifically targeting HIV-1-susceptible cells and engineering these cells to resist HIV-1 infection. CCR5-positive human cells were successfully and specifically targeted in vitro and in vivo for transduction by a lentiviral vector expressing a highly potent CCR5 shRNA which conferred resistance to HIV-1 infection. Here we report the initial evaluation of this targeting vector for HIV-1 gene therapy in a preexposure prophylactic setting.
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9
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Zhang XY, Kutner RH, Bialkowska A, Marino MP, Klimstra WB, Reiser J. Cell-specific targeting of lentiviral vectors mediated by fusion proteins derived from Sindbis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, or avian sarcoma/leukosis virus. Retrovirology 2010; 7:3. [PMID: 20100344 PMCID: PMC2823649 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to efficiently and selectively target gene delivery vectors to specific cell types in vitro and in vivo remains one of the formidable challenges in gene therapy. We pursued two different strategies to target lentiviral vector delivery to specific cell types. In one of the strategies, vector particles bearing a membrane-bound stem cell factor sequence plus a separate fusion protein based either on Sindbis virus strain TR339 glycoproteins or the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein were used to selectively transduce cells expressing the corresponding stem cell factor receptor (c-kit). An alternative approach involved soluble avian sarcoma/leukosis virus receptors fused to cell-specific ligands including stem cell factor and erythropoietin for targeting lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with avian sarcoma/leukosis virus envelope proteins to cells that express the corresponding receptors. Results The titers of unconcentrated vector particles bearing Sindbis virus strain TR339 or vesicular stomatitis virus G fusion proteins plus stem cell factor in the context of c-kit expressing cells were up to 3.2 × 105 transducing units per ml while vector particles lacking the stem cell factor ligand displayed titers that were approximately 80 fold lower. On cells that lacked the c-kit receptor, the titers of stem cell factor-containing vectors were approximately 40 times lower compared to c-kit-expressing cells. Lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with avian sarcoma/leukosis virus subgroup A or B envelope proteins and bearing bi-functional bridge proteins encoding erythropoietin or stem cell factor fused to the soluble extracellular domains of the avian sarcoma/leukosis virus subgroup A or B receptors resulted in efficient transduction of erythropoietin receptor or c-kit-expressing cells. Transduction of erythropoietin receptor-expressing cells mediated by bi-functional bridge proteins was found to be dependent on the dose, the correct subgroup-specific virus receptor and the correct envelope protein. Furthermore, transduction was completely abolished in the presence of anti-erythropoietin antibody. Conclusions Our results indicate that the avian sarcoma/leukosis virus bridge strategy provides a reliable approach for cell-specific lentiviral vector targeting. The background levels were lower compared to alternative strategies involving Sindbis virus strain TR339 or vesicular stomatitis virus fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Zhang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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10
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Froelich S, Ziegler L, Stroup K, Wang P. Targeted gene delivery to CD117-expressing cells in vivo with lentiviral vectors co-displaying stem cell factor and a fusogenic molecule. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 104:206-15. [PMID: 19452500 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of a lentiviral system to deliver genes to specific cell types could improve the safety and the efficacy of gene delivery. Previously, we have developed an efficient method to target lentivectors to specific cells via an antibody-antigen interaction in vitro and in vivo. We report herein a targeted lentivector that harnesses the natural ligand-receptor recognition mechanism for targeted modification of c-KIT receptor-expressing cells. For targeting, we incorporate membrane-bound human stem cell factor (hSCF), and for fusion, a Sindbis virus-derived fusogenic molecule (FM) onto the lentiviral surface. These engineered vectors can recognize cells expressing surface CD117, resulting in efficient targeted transduction of cells in an SCF-receptor dependent manner in vitro, and in vivo in xenografted mouse models. This study expands the ability of targeting lentivectors beyond antibody targets to include cell-specific surface receptors. Development of a high titer lentivector to receptor-specific cells is an attractive approach to restrict gene expression and could potentially ensure therapeutic effects in the desired cells while limiting side effects caused by gene expression in non-target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Froelich
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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11
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Ziegler L, Yang L, Joo KI, Yang H, Baltimore D, Wang P. Targeting lentiviral vectors to antigen-specific immunoglobulins. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:861-72. [PMID: 18590376 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer into B cells by lentivectors can provide an alternative approach to managing B lymphocyte malignancies and autoreactive B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. These pathogenic B cell populations can be distinguished by their surface expression of monospecific immunoglobulin. Development of a novel vector system to deliver genes to these specific B cells could improve the safety and efficacy of gene therapy. We have developed an efficient method to target lentivectors to monospecific immunoglobulin-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo. We were able to incorporate a model antigen CD20 and a fusogenic protein derived from the Sindbis virus as two distinct molecules into the lentiviral surface. This engineered vector could specifically bind to cells expressing surface immunoglobulin recognizing CD20 (alphaCD20), resulting in efficient transduction of target cells in a cognate antigen-dependent manner in vitro, and in vivo in a xenografted tumor model. Tumor suppression was observed in vivo, using the engineered lentivector to deliver a suicide gene to a xenografted tumor expressing alphaCD20. These results show the feasibility of engineering lentivectors to target immunoglobulin- specific cells to deliver a therapeutic effect. Such targeting lentivectors also could potentially be used to genetically mark antigen-specific B cells in vivo to study their B cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Ziegler
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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12
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Bu Y, Yang Z, Li Q, Song F. Silencing of polo-like kinase (Plk) 1 via siRNA causes inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human esophageal cancer cells. Future Oncol 2008; 3:655-64. [PMID: 18714168 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.3.6.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer ranks among one of the most frequent causes of cancer death in the world. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is overexpressed in human tumors and has prognostic value in many cancers including esophageal cancer, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Plk1 in esophageal cancer using the technique of RNA silencing via small interfering RNA (siRNA). Synthetic siRNA duplexes against Plk1 were introduced into 4 esophageal cancer cell lines, which subsequently resulted in a significant inhibition in Plk1 expression in the cells. We found that the targeted depletion of Plk1 caused a dramatic mitotic catastrophe (mitotic cell cycle arrest as well as defects in several mitotic events such as incomplete separation of sister chromatids and failure of cytokinesis) followed by massive apoptotic cell death, and eventually resulted in a significant decrease in growth and viability of all 4 esophageal cancer cell lines studied. In addition, our results also indicated that the mitotic arrest induced by Plk1 depletion is mediated by the inactivation of the cdc2/cyclin B1 complex. Taken together, our study strongly suggests that Plk1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in human esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Breckpot K, Thielemans K. Lentiviruses in cancer immunotherapy. Future Virol 2007. [DOI: 10.2217/17460794.2.6.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors have emerged as promising tools for cancer immunotherapy owing to their capacity to transduce a wide range of different cell types, including dendritic cells (DCs), the key regulators of immunity. Ex vivo transduced DCs proved to be potent inducers of strong antigen-specific T-cell responses, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, lentiviral vectors have been successfully applied for antigen-specific immunization, offering the advantage that the same lentivirus can be used for all patients resulting in an ‘off-the-shelf’ therapeutic. This review provides an update on the state-of-the-art induction of tumor-specific immune responses in vivo upon direct administration of tumor-associated antigen-encoding lentiviruses. Focusing on the cell types transduced, the results of current studies and the explanation for the potency of lentiviral vectors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Breckpot
- Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology-Immunology, Laarbeeklaan 103 Building E, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Thielemans
- Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology-Immunology, Laarbeeklaan 103 Building E, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Tan PH, Xue SA, Wei B, Holler A, Voss RH, George AJT. Changing viral tropism using immunoliposomes alters the stability of gene expression: implications for viral vector design. Mol Med 2007. [PMID: 17592557 DOI: 10.2119/2006-00052.tan] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many strategies for redirecting the tropism of murine Moloney leukemia virus (MMLV) have been described. Preformed virion-liposome complexes, termed virosomes, have been reported to be relatively stable. Virosomes mediate envelope-independent transduction that allows efficient superinfection of resistant cell lines; however, virosome-mediated transduction behaves in a non-target-specific manner. We developed a novel method using antibodies to direct MMLV to vascular endothelium. We have given the term immunovirosomes to the complexes formed between viruses, liposomes, and antibodies. These immunovirosomes improve the transduction efficiency of the viruses and alter their tropism. We have shown improved transduction when immunovirosomes were targeted at the endocytic receptors CD71 and CD62E/P and rather less good delivery when targeted at CD106. The enhancement of the transduction efficiency was transient, however, suggesting that rerouting the entry pathway of viruses alters the expression properties of the viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng H Tan
- Department of Immunology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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15
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Tan PH, Xue SA, Wei B, Holler A, Voss RH, George AJT. Changing viral tropism using immunoliposomes alters the stability of gene expression: implications for viral vector design. MOLECULAR MEDICINE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2007; 13:216-26. [PMID: 17592557 PMCID: PMC1892767 DOI: 10.2119/2006–00052.tan] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many strategies for redirecting the tropism of murine Moloney leukemia virus (MMLV) have been described. Preformed virion-liposome complexes, termed virosomes, have been reported to be relatively stable. Virosomes mediate envelope-independent transduction that allows efficient superinfection of resistant cell lines; however, virosome-mediated transduction behaves in a non-target-specific manner. We developed a novel method using antibodies to direct MMLV to vascular endothelium. We have given the term immunovirosomes to the complexes formed between viruses, liposomes, and antibodies. These immunovirosomes improve the transduction efficiency of the viruses and alter their tropism. We have shown improved transduction when immunovirosomes were targeted at the endocytic receptors CD71 and CD62E/P and rather less good delivery when targeted at CD106. The enhancement of the transduction efficiency was transient, however, suggesting that rerouting the entry pathway of viruses alters the expression properties of the viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng H Tan
- Department of Immunology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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16
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Breckpot K, Aerts JL, Thielemans K. Lentiviral vectors for cancer immunotherapy: transforming infectious particles into therapeutics. Gene Ther 2007; 14:847-62. [PMID: 17361214 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors have emerged as promising tools for both gene therapy and immunotherapy purposes. They exhibit several advantages over other viral systems in that they are less immunogenic and are capable of transducing a wide range of different cell types, including dendritic cells (DC). DC transduced ex vivo with a whole range of different (tumor) antigens were capable of inducing strong antigen-specific T-cell responses, both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, the administration of lentiviral vectors in vivo has gained substantial interest as an alternative method for antigen-specific immunization. This method offers a number of advantages over DC vaccines as the same lentivirus can in principle be used for all patients resulting in a significantly reduced cost and requirement for considerably less expertise for the generation and administration of lentiviral vaccines. By selectively targeting lentiviral vectors to, or restricting transgene expression in certain cell types, selectivity, safety and efficacy can be further improved. This review will focus on the use of direct administration of lentiviral vectors encoding tumor-associated antigens (TAA) for the induction of tumor-specific immune responses in vivo, with a special focus on problems related to the generation of large amounts of highly purified virus and specific targeting of antigen-presenting cells (APC).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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17
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Verhoeyen E, Wiznerowicz M, Olivier D, Izac B, Trono D, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A, Cosset FL. Novel lentiviral vectors displaying “early-acting cytokines” selectively promote survival and transduction of NOD/SCID repopulating human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2005; 106:3386-95. [PMID: 16076865 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA major limitation of current lentiviral vectors (LVs) is their inability to govern efficient gene transfer into quiescent cells, such as human CD34+ cells, that reside in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and that are highly enriched in hematopoietic stem cells. This hampers their application for gene therapy of hematopoietic cells. Here, we designed novel LVs that overcome this restriction by displaying “early-acting cytokines” on their surface. Display of thrombopoietin, stem cell factor, or both cytokines on the LV surface allowed efficient gene delivery into quiescent cord blood CD34+ cells. Moreover, these surface-engineered LVs preferentially transduced and promoted survival of resting CD34+ cells rather than cycling cells. Finally, and most importantly, these novel LVs allowed superior gene transfer in the most immature CD34+ cells as compared to conventional LVs, even when the latter vectors were used to transduce cells in the presence of recombinant cytokines. This was demonstrated by their capacity to promote selective transduction of CD34+ cell in in vitro derived long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) colonies and of long-term NOD/SCID repopulating cells (SRCs) in vivo.
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18
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Chan L, Nesbeth D, Mackey T, Galea-Lauri J, Gäken J, Martin F, Collins M, Mufti G, Farzaneh F, Darling D. Conjugation of lentivirus to paramagnetic particles via nonviral proteins allows efficient concentration and infection of primary acute myeloid leukemia cells. J Virol 2005; 79:13190-4. [PMID: 16189021 PMCID: PMC1235865 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.20.13190-13194.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonviral producer cell proteins incorporated into retroviral vector surfaces profoundly influence infectivity and in vivo half-life. We report the purification and concentration of lentiviral vectors using these surface proteins as an efficient gene transduction strategy. Biotinylation of these proteins and streptavidin paramagnetic particle concentration enhances titer 400- to 2,500-fold (to 10(9) CFU/ml for vesicular stomatitis virus G protein and 5 x 10(8) for amphotropic murine leukemia virus envelope). This method also uses newly introduced membrane proteins (B7.1 and DeltaLNGFR) directed to lentiviral surfaces, allowing up to 17,000-fold concentrations. Particle conjugation of lentivirus allows facile manipulation in vitro, resulting in the transduction of 48 to 94% of human acute myeloid leukemia blasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Chan
- King's College London, Department of Haematological and Molecular Medicine, The Rayne Institute, UK
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