1
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Angot L, Schneider P, Vannier JP, Abdoul-Azize S. Beyond Corticoresistance, A Paradoxical Corticosensitivity Induced by Corticosteroid Therapy in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2812. [PMID: 37345151 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Known as a key effector in relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), resistance to drug-induced apoptosis, is tightly considered one of the main prognostic factors for the disease. ALL cells are constantly developing cellular strategies to survive and resist therapeutic drugs. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are one of the most important agents used in the treatment of ALL due to their ability to induce cell death. The mechanisms of GC resistance of ALL cells are largely unknown and intense research is currently focused on this topic. Such resistance can involve different cellular and molecular mechanisms, including the modulation of signaling pathways involved in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, epigenetic modifications and tumor suppressors. Recently, several studies point to the paradoxical role of GCs in many survival processes that may lead to therapy-induced resistance in ALL cells, which we called "paradoxical corticosensitivity". In this review, we aim to summarize all findings on cell survival pathways paradoxically activated by GCs with an emphasis on previous and current knowledge on gene expression and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Angot
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, IRIB, Inserm, U1234, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Pascale Schneider
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, IRIB, Inserm, U1234, 76183 Rouen, France
- Department of Pediatric Immuno-Hemato-Oncology, Rouen University Hospital, 76038 Rouen, France
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2
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Chen C, Yu W, Alikarami F, Qiu Q, Chen CH, Flournoy J, Gao P, Uzun Y, Fang L, Davenport JW, Hu Y, Zhu Q, Wang K, Libbrecht C, Felmeister A, Rozich I, Ding YY, Hunger SP, Felix CA, Wu H, Brown PA, Guest EM, Barrett DM, Bernt KM, Tan K. Single-cell multiomics reveals increased plasticity, resistant populations, and stem-cell-like blasts in KMT2A-rearranged leukemia. Blood 2022; 139:2198-2211. [PMID: 34864916 PMCID: PMC8990373 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-r) infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a devastating malignancy with a dismal outcome, and younger age at diagnosis is associated with increased risk of relapse. To discover age-specific differences and critical drivers that mediate poor outcome in KMT2A-r ALL, we subjected KMT2A-r leukemias and normal hematopoietic cells from patients of different ages to single-cell multiomics analyses. We uncovered the following critical new insights: leukemia cells from patients <6 months have significantly increased lineage plasticity. Steroid response pathways are downregulated in the most immature blasts from younger patients. We identify a hematopoietic stem and progenitor-like (HSPC-like) population in the blood of younger patients that contains leukemic blasts and form an immunosuppressive signaling circuit with cytotoxic lymphocytes. These observations offer a compelling explanation for the ability of leukemias in young patients to evade chemotherapy and immune-mediated control. Our analysis also revealed preexisting lymphomyeloid primed progenitors and myeloid blasts at initial diagnosis of B-ALL. Tracking of leukemic clones in 2 patients whose leukemia underwent a lineage switch documented the evolution of such clones into frank acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These findings provide critical insights into KMT2A-r ALL and have clinical implications for molecularly targeted and immunotherapy approaches. Beyond infant ALL, our study demonstrates the power of single-cell multiomics to detect tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting rare but critical subpopulations within a malignant population that ultimately determines patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changya Chen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wenbao Yu
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine
| | | | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, and
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
| | - Jennifer Flournoy
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, and
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peng Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yasin Uzun
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Li Fang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Yuxuan Hu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology
| | - Kai Wang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Clara Libbrecht
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
| | - Alex Felmeister
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Isaiah Rozich
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yang-Yang Ding
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Carolyn A Felix
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, and
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Patrick A Brown
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Erin M Guest
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - David M Barrett
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Kathrin M Bernt
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research and
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, and
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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3
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Kośmider K, Karska K, Kozakiewicz A, Lejman M, Zawitkowska J. Overcoming Steroid Resistance in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-The State-of-the-Art Knowledge and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073795. [PMID: 35409154 PMCID: PMC8999045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy among children. Despite the enormous progress in ALL therapy, resulting in achieving a 5-year survival rate of up to 90%, the ambitious goal of reaching a 100% survival rate is still being pursued. A typical ALL treatment includes three phases: remission induction and consolidation and maintenance, preceded by a prednisone prephase. Poor prednisone response (PPR) is defined as the presence of ≥1.0 × 109 blasts/L in the peripheral blood on day eight of therapy and results in significantly frequent relapses and worse outcomes. Hence, identifying risk factors of steroid resistance and finding methods of overcoming that resistance may significantly improve patients' outcomes. A mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) pathway seems to be a particularly attractive target, as its activation leads to steroid resistance via a phosphorylating Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), which is crucial in the steroid-induced cell death. Several mutations causing activation of MAPK-ERK were discovered, notably the interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) pathway mutations in T-cell ALL and rat sarcoma virus (Ras) pathway mutations in precursor B-cell ALL. MAPK-ERK pathway inhibitors were demonstrated to enhance the results of dexamethasone therapy in preclinical ALL studies. This report summarizes steroids' mechanism of action, resistance to treatment, and prospects of steroids therapy in pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kośmider
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Karska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Kozakiewicz
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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4
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Zou L, Liu Z, Li X, Liu L, Zhu Y. Knockdown of G1P3 inhibits cell proliferation and enhances the cytotoxicity of dexamethasone in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Open Life Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Drug resistance contributes to treatment failure and relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). G1P3 (also known as IFI6, interferon, alpha-inducible protein 6) has been regarded as an antiapoptotic protein in myeloma cells and contributes to chemoresistance in breast cancer. However, the role of G1P3 in the proliferation and chemosensitivity of ALL is largely unknown. Data from colony formation and bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assays showed that siRNA-mediated downregulation of G1P3 repressed cell proliferation of glucocorticoids-resistant human leukemic cells (CEM-C1), while overexpression of G1P3 promoted the cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis of CEM-C1 was suppressed by G1P3 overexpression accompanied by a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9. Knockdown of G1P3 increased protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 to promote the cell apoptosis of CEM-C1. Moreover, silencing of G1P3 reduced cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis of CEM-C1 exposed to dexamethasone. The proapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) was enhanced by the interference of G1P3 in CEM-C1. Silencing of Bim attenuated G1P3 interference-induced decrease in cell viability and increase in cell apoptosis in CEM-C1 exposed to dexamethasone. Conclusively, knockdown of G1P3 inhibited cell proliferation of ALL and sensitized glucocorticoid-resistant ALL cells to dexamethasone through upregulation of Bim-mediated cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University , Zhanggong District , Ganzhou , Jiangxi Province, 341000 , China
| | - Zhirui Liu
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI), Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi Province, 330031 , China
| | - Xueer Li
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI), Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi Province, 330031 , China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou , Jiangxi Province, 341000 , China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University , Zhanggong District , Ganzhou , Jiangxi Province, 341000 , China
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI), School of Life Science, Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi Province, 330031 , China
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5
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Kaufman JL, Gasparetto C, Schjesvold FH, Moreau P, Touzeau C, Facon T, Boise LH, Jiang Y, Yang X, Dunbar F, Vishwamitra D, Unger S, Macartney T, Pesko J, Yu Y, Salem AH, Ross JA, Hong W, Maciag PC, Pauff JM, Kumar S. Targeting BCL-2 with venetoclax and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory t(11;14) multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:418-427. [PMID: 33368455 PMCID: PMC7986778 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Venetoclax (Ven) is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of BCL-2 that exhibits antitumoral activity against MM cells with t(11;14) translocation. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of Ven and dexamethasone (VenDex) combination in patients with t(11;14) positive relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM). This open-label, multicenter study had two distinct phases (phase one [P1], phase two [P2]). Patients in both phases received VenDex (oral Ven 800 mg/day + oral Dex 40 mg [20 mg for patients ≥75 years] on days 1, 8, and 15, per 21-day cycle). The primary objective of the P1 VenDex cohort was to assess safety and pharmacokinetics. Phase two further evaluated efficacy with objective response rate (ORR) and very good partial response or better. Correlative studies explored baseline BCL2 (BCL-2) and BCL2L1 (BCL-XL ) gene expression, cytogenetics, and recurrent somatic mutations in MM. Twenty and 31 patients in P1 and P2 with t(11;14) positive translocation received VenDex. P1/P2 patients had received a median of 3/5 lines of prior therapy, and 20%/87% were refractory to daratumumab. Predominant grade 3/4 hematological adverse events (AEs) with ≥10% occurrence included lymphopenia (20%/19%), neutropenia (15%/7%), thrombocytopenia (10%/10%), and anemia (5%/16%). At a median follow-up of 12.3/9.2 months, ORR was 60%/48%. The duration of response estimate at 12 months was 50%/61%, and the median time to progression was 12.4/10.8 months. In biomarker evaluable patients, response to VenDex was independent of concurrent del(17p) or gain(1q) and mutations in key oncogenic signaling pathways, including MAPK and NF-kB. VenDex demonstrated efficacy and manageable safety in heavily-pre-treated patients with t(11;14) R/R MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Gasparetto
- Duke University, Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapy Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Fredrik H. Schjesvold
- Oslo Myeloma Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and K.G. Jebsen Center for B‐cell malignancies, University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Philippe Moreau
- University Hospital, Nantes, France CRCINA, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Angers, University of Nantes Nantes France
| | - Cyrille Touzeau
- University Hospital, Nantes, France CRCINA, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Angers, University of Nantes Nantes France
| | - Thierry Facon
- Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire Lille, Hospital Huriez Lille France
| | | | - Yanwen Jiang
- Genentech Inc. South San Francisco California USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yao Yu
- AbbVie Inc North Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | | | - Wan‐Jen Hong
- Genentech Inc. South San Francisco California USA
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6
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Toscan CE, Jing D, Mayoh C, Lock RB. Reversal of glucocorticoid resistance in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is dependent on restoring BIM expression. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1769-1781. [PMID: 32242100 PMCID: PMC7283241 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common paediatric malignancy. Glucocorticoids form a critical component of chemotherapy regimens and resistance to glucocorticoid therapy is predictive of poor outcome. We have previously shown that glucocorticoid resistance is associated with upregulation of the oncogene C-MYC and failure to induce the proapoptotic gene BIM. METHODS A high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign was carried out to identify glucocorticoid sensitisers against an ALL xenograft derived from a glucocorticoid-resistant paediatric patient. Gene expression analysis was carried out using Illumina microarrays. Efficacy, messenger RNA and protein analysis were carried out by Resazurin assay, reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. RESULTS A novel glucocorticoid sensitiser, 2-((4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio)-N-isopropyl-N-phenylacetamide (GCS-3), was identified from the HTS campaign. The sensitising effect was specific to glucocorticoids and synergy was observed in a range of dexamethasone-resistant and dexamethasone-sensitive xenografts representative of B-ALL, T-ALL and Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL. GCS-3 in combination with dexamethasone downregulated C-MYC and significantly upregulated BIM expression in a glucocorticoid-resistant ALL xenograft. The GCS-3/dexamethasone combination significantly increased binding of the glucocorticoid receptor to a novel BIM enhancer, which is associated with glucocorticoid sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the potential of the novel glucocorticoid sensitiser, GCS-3, as a biological tool to interrogate glucocorticoid action and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Toscan
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duohui Jing
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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7
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Sciarrillo R, Wojtuszkiewicz A, Kooi IE, Leon LG, Sonneveld E, Kuiper RP, Jansen G, Giovannetti E, Kaspers GJ, Cloos J. Glucocorticoid Resistant Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Samples Display Altered Splicing Profile and Vulnerability to Spliceosome Modulation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030723. [PMID: 32204435 PMCID: PMC7140081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance is a crucial determinant of inferior response to chemotherapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); however, molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. Deregulated splicing is a common feature of many cancers, which impacts drug response and constitutes an attractive therapeutic target. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to characterize global splicing profiles associated with GC resistance and determine whether splicing modulation could serve as a novel therapeutic option for GC-resistant patients. To this end, 38 primary ALL samples were profiled using RNA-seq-based differential splicing analysis. The impact of splicing modulators was investigated in GC-resistant leukemia cell lines and primary leukemic specimens. Our findings revealed, for the first time, markedly distinct splicing landscapes in ALL samples of B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL and T-ALL lineages. Differential splicing events associated with GC resistance were involved in RNA processing, a direct response to GCs, survival signaling, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and energy metabolism. Furthermore, our analyses showed that GC-resistant ALL cell lines and primary samples are sensitive to splicing modulation, alone and in combination with GC. Together, these findings suggest that aberrant splicing is associated with GC resistance and splicing modulators deserve further interest as a novel treatment option for GC-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Sciarrillo
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Wojtuszkiewicz
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Departments of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Irsan E. Kooi
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leticia G. Leon
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Immunology, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Sonneveld
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland P. Kuiper
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Immunology and Rheumatology Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56017 San Giuliano Terme (Pisa), Italy
| | - Gertjan J.L. Kaspers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Emma’s Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Rocha-Viegas L, Silbermins M, Ogara MF, Pellegrini JM, Nuñez SY, García VE, Vicent GP, Pecci A. Glucocorticoids uncover a critical role for ASH2L on BCL-X expression regulation in leukemia cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1863:194475. [PMID: 31870784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.194475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the apoptosis machinery is a promising therapeutic approach in myeloid malignancies. BCL2L1 is a well-known glucocorticoid-responsive gene and a key apoptosis regulator that, when over-expressed, can contribute to tumor development, progression and therapeutic resistance. Moreover, synthetic glucocorticoids, like dexamethasone, are frequently used in the treatment of hematopoietic diseases due to its pro-apoptotic properties. We report here that the trithorax protein ASH2L, considered one of the core subunits of H3K4-specific MLL/SET methyltransferase complexes, contributes to anti-apoptotic BCL-XL over-expression and cell survival in patient-derived myeloid leukemia cells. We find that the unliganded glucocorticoid receptor (uGR) and ASH2L interact in a common protein complex through a chromatin looping determined by uGR and ASH2L binding to BCL2L1 specific +58 HRE and promoter region, respectively. Upon addition of dexamethasone, GR and ASH2L recruitment is reduced, BCL-XL expression diminishes and apoptosis is induced consequently. Overall, our findings indicate that uGR and ASH2L may act as key regulatory players of BCL- XL upregulation in AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Rocha-Viegas
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Micaela Silbermins
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Ogara
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Yanel Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Edith García
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Pablo Vicent
- Department of Molecular Genomics, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adali Pecci
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Scherr M, Kirchhoff H, Battmer K, Wohlan K, Lee CW, Ricke-Hoch M, Erschow S, Law E, Kloos A, Heuser M, Ganser A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Heidenreich O, Eder M. Optimized induction of mitochondrial apoptosis for chemotherapy-free treatment of BCR-ABL+acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 33:1313-1323. [PMID: 30546081 PMCID: PMC6756054 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BCR-ABL+acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults has a poor prognosis with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) considered the best curative option for suitable patients. We here characterize the curative potential of BH3-mimetics differentially targeting mitochondrial BCL2-family members using a combination therapy approach with dexamethasone and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting BCR-ABL. In BCR-ABL + ALL BH3-mimetics act by redistribution of mitochondrial activator BIM, which is strongly required for cytotoxicity of the BCL2-specific BH3-mimetic ABT-199, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and dexamethasone. BIM expression is enhanced by dexamethasone and TKIs and both synergize with ABT-199 in BCR-ABL + ALL. Triple combinations with ABT-199, dexamethasone and TKIs efficiently attenuate leukemia progression both in tissue culture and in primary cell xenotransplantation models. Notably, the dasatinib-containing combination led to treatment- and leukemia-free long-term survival in a BCR-ABL + mouse model. Finally, response to BH3-mimetics can be predicted for individual patients in a clinically relevant setting. These data demonstrate curative targeted and chemotherapy-free pharmacotherapy for BCR-ABL + ALL in a preclinical model. Clinical evaluation, in particular for patients not suitable for allogeneic SCT, is warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Dasatinib/administration & dosage
- Dexamethasone/administration & dosage
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Scherr
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hanna Kirchhoff
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Battmer
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Wohlan
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chun-Wei Lee
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Ricke-Hoch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sergej Erschow
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Edward Law
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Arnold Kloos
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Akaihata M, Shikama Y, Matsumoto Y, Ono T, Kimura J, Hosoya M. Glucocorticoids attenuate the sensitivity of glucocorticoid-resistant lymphoid cells to doxorubicin via reduction in OCTN2. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 459:49-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Glucocorticoid-resistant B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia displays receptor tyrosine kinase activation. NPJ Genom Med 2019; 4:7. [PMID: 30962949 PMCID: PMC6449402 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-019-0082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to dexamethasone predicts the long-term remission outcome. To explore the mechanisms of dexamethasone resistance in B cell ALL (B-ALL), we generated dexamethasone-resistant clones by prolonged treatment with dexamethasone. Using RNA-sequencing and high-throughput screening, we found that dexamethasone-resistant cells are dependent on receptor tyrosine kinases. Further analysis with phosphokinase arrays showed that the type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is constitutively active in resistant cells. Targeted next-generation and Sanger sequencing identified an internal tandem duplication mutation and a point mutation (R845G) in FLT3 in dexamethasone-resistant cells, which were not present in the corresponding sensitive clones. Finally, we showed that resistant cells displayed sensitivity to second-generation FLT3 inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest that long-term dexamethasone treatment selects cells with a distinct genetic background, in this case oncogenic FLT3, and therefore therapies targeting FLT3 might be useful for the treatment of relapsed B-ALL patients.
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12
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Torres-López L, Maycotte P, Liñán-Rico A, Liñán-Rico L, Donis-Maturano L, Delgado-Enciso I, Meza-Robles C, Vásquez-Jiménez C, Hernández-Cruz A, Dobrovinskaya O. Tamoxifen induces toxicity, causes autophagy, and partially reverses dexamethasone resistance in Jurkat T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:983-998. [PMID: 30645008 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2vma0818-328r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens demonstrate biological activity in numerous organ systems, including the immune system, and exert their effects through estrogen receptors (ER) of two types: intracellular ERα and ERβ that activate transcriptional factors and membrane G protein-coupled ER GPER. The latter is capable to mediate fast activation of cytosolic signaling pathways, influencing transcriptional events in response to estrogens. Tamoxifen (TAM), widely used in chemotherapy of ERα-positive breast cancer, is considered as an ERα antagonist and GPER agonist. TAM was shown to possess "off-target" cytotoxicity, not related to ER in various tumor types. The present work was designed to study biological effects of TAM on the glucocorticoid (GC)-resistant cell line Jurkat, derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia of T lineage (T-ALL). We have shown that T-ALL cell lines, in contrast to healthy T cells, express only GPER, but not ERα or ERβ. TAM compromised mitochondrial function and reduced the viability and proliferation of Jurkat cells. Additionally, TAM induced autophagy in a GPER-dependent manner. Gene expression profiling revealed the up-regulation of autophagy-related gene ATG5. Interestingly, TAM sensitized Jurkat cells to dexamethasone (DEX) treatment, which may be related to its capacity to cause autophagy. We suggest that TAM-based adjuvant therapy may represent a novel strategy in T-ALL patients handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Torres-López
- University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.,Faculty for Chemical Sciences, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Paola Maycotte
- CONACYT-Biomedical Research Center of the East, Mexican Social Security Institute, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Andrómeda Liñán-Rico
- CONACYT-University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Liliana Liñán-Rico
- University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Luis Donis-Maturano
- Ensenada Biomedical Innovation Department, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Iván Delgado-Enciso
- Medical School, University of Colima and Cancerology Institute of Colima State, Health Services, Colima, Mexico
| | - Carmen Meza-Robles
- Medical School, University of Colima and Cancerology Institute of Colima State, Health Services, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Arturo Hernández-Cruz
- National Laboratory of Channelopathies (LaNCa), National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience-Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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13
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miR-103 inhibits proliferation and sensitizes hemopoietic tumor cells for glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:472-489. [PMID: 27888798 PMCID: PMC5352135 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones are an important ingredient of leukemia therapy since they are potent inducers of lymphoid cell apoptosis. However, the development of GC resistance remains an obstacle in GC-based treatment. In the present investigation we found that miR-103 is upregulated in GC-sensitive leukemia cells treated by the hormone. Transfection of GC resistant cells with miR-103 sensitized them to GC induced apoptosis (GCIA), while miR-103 sponging of GC sensitive cells rendered them partially resistant. miR-103 reduced the expression of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK2) and its cyclin E1 target, thereby leading to inhibition of cellular proliferation. miR-103 is encoded within the fifth intron of PANK3 gene. We demonstrate that the GC receptor (GR) upregulates miR-103 by direct interaction with GC response element (GRE) in the PANK3 enhancer. Consequently, miR-103 targets the c-Myc activators c-Myb and DVL1, thereby reducing c-Myc expression. Since c-Myc is a transcription factor of the miR-17~92a poly-cistron, all six miRNAs of the latter are also downregulated. Of these, miR-18a and miR-20a are involved in GCIA, as they target GR and BIM, respectively. Consequently, GR and BIM expression are elevated, thus advancing GCIA. Altogether, this study highlights miR-103 as a useful prognostic biomarker and drug for leukemia management in the future.
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14
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El-Hoss J, Jing D, Evans K, Toscan C, Xie J, Lee H, Taylor RA, Lawrence MG, Risbridger GP, MacKenzie KL, Sutton R, Lock RB. A single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping platform for the authentication of patient derived xenografts. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60475-60490. [PMID: 27528024 PMCID: PMC5312397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) have become a vital, frequently used, component of anti-cancer drug development. PDXs can be serially passaged in vivo for years, and shared across laboratories. As a consequence, the potential for mis-identification and cross-contamination is possible, yet authentication of PDXs appears limited. We present a PDX Authentication System (PAS), by combining a commercially available OpenArray assay of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with in-house R studio programs, to validate PDXs established in individual mice from acute lymphoblastic leukemia biopsies. The PAS is sufficiently robust to identify contamination at levels as low as 3%, similar to the gold standard of short tandem repeat (STR) profiling. We have surveyed a panel of PDXs established from 73 individual leukemia patients, and found that the PAS provided sufficient discriminatory power to identify each xenograft. The identified SNP-discrepant PDXs demonstrated distinct gene expression profiles, indicating a risk of contamination for PDXs at high passage number. The PAS also allows for the authentication of tumor cells with complex karyotypes from solid tumors including prostate cancer and Ewing's sarcoma. This study highlights the demands of authenticating PDXs for cancer research, and evaluates a reliable authentication platform that utilizes a commercially available and cost-effective system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad El-Hoss
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Duohui Jing
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Cara Toscan
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Jinhan Xie
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Prostate Research Group, Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Prostate Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Prostate Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen L MacKenzie
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Rosemary Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
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15
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Plesa M, Gagné V, Glisovic S, Younan M, Sharif-Askari B, Laverdière C, Alos N, Leclerc JM, Sallan SE, Neuberg D, Kutok JL, Silverman LB, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M. Influence of BCL2L11 polymorphism on osteonecrosis during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 19:33-41. [PMID: 29282361 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-017-0002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis (ON) is corticosteroid-related complication, reported in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We have previously found that polymorphisms in BCL2L11 gene coding for pro-apoptotic Bim protein influence reduction of overall survival (OS) in a corticosteroid (CS) dose-dependent manner in childhood ALL patients. The same set of SNPs was here investigated for an association with CS-related ON assessed retrospectively in 304 children with ALL from Quebec (QcALL cohort) who received Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL treatment protocols. Two-year cumulative incidence of symptomatic ON was 10.6%. Two BCL2L11 polymorphisms, the 891T>G (rs2241843) in all QcALL patients and 29201C>T (rs724710) in high-risk group were significantly associated with ON, P = 0.009 and P = 0.003, respectively. The association remained significant in multivariate model (HR891TT = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.8, P = 0.01 and HR29201CC = 5.7, 95% CI 1.6-20.9, P = 0.008). Both polymorphisms influenced viability of dexamethasone treated lymphoblastoid cell lines (P ≤ 0.03). The 891T>G influenced Bim gamma isoform levels (0.03) and its association with ON was also confirmed in replication DFCI cohort (N = 168, P = 0.03). QcALL children had a high incidence of ON during therapy, which was highly associated with BCL2L11 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Plesa
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Gagné
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sanja Glisovic
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Younan
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bahram Sharif-Askari
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Alos
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Leclerc
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen E Sallan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffery L Kutok
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lewis B Silverman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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16
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Franco D, Trusso S, Fazio E, Allegra A, Musolino C, Speciale A, Cimino F, Saija A, Neri F, Nicolò MS, Guglielmino SPP. Raman spectroscopy differentiates between sensitive and resistant multiple myeloma cell lines. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 187:15-22. [PMID: 28645097 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for identifying neoplastic cells and discerning them from their normal counterparts are often nonspecific and biologically perturbing. Here, we show that single-cell micro-Raman spectroscopy can be used to discriminate between resistant and sensitive multiple myeloma cell lines based on their highly reproducible biomolecular spectral signatures. In order to demonstrate robustness of the proposed approach, we used two different cell lines of multiple myeloma, namely MM.1S and U266B1, and their counterparts MM.1R and U266/BTZ-R subtypes, resistant to dexamethasone and bortezomib, respectively. Then, micro-Raman spectroscopy provides an easily accurate and noninvasive method for cancer detection for both research and clinical environments. Characteristic peaks, mostly due to different DNA/RNA ratio, nucleic acids, lipids and protein concentrations, allow for discerning the sensitive and resistant subtypes. We also explored principal component analysis (PCA) for resistant cell identification and classification. Sensitive and resistant cells form distinct clusters that can be defined using just two principal components. The identification of drug-resistant cells by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy is thus proposed as a clinical tool to assess the development of resistance to glucocorticoids and proteasome inhibitors in myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Trusso
- Institute of Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Messina, Italy.
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Pathological Anatomy and Oncology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Pathological Anatomy and Oncology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marco S Nicolò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore P P Guglielmino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy.
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17
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Evangelisti C, Cappellini A, Oliveira M, Fragoso R, Barata JT, Bertaina A, Locatelli F, Simioni C, Neri LM, Chiarini F, Lonetti A, Buontempo F, Orsini E, Pession A, Manzoli L, Martelli AM, Evangelisti C. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition potentiates glucocorticoid response in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1796-1811. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Department of Human Social and Health Sciences; University of Cassino; Cassino Italy
| | - Mariana Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Rita Fragoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - João T. Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS; Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital; Rome Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS; Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital; Rome Italy
| | - Carolina Simioni
- Department of Morphology; Surgery and Experimental Medicine; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Luca M. Neri
- Department of Morphology; Surgery and Experimental Medicine; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, National Research Council; Bologna Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Francesca Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Ester Orsini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | | | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, National Research Council; Bologna Italy
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18
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Xu JY, Luo JM. [Association between BIM gene and glucocorticoid resistance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:945-949. [PMID: 28774373 PMCID: PMC7390050 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant hematological disease in childhood. Glucocorticoids are frequently used in the chemoradiotherapy regimen for ALL and can induce the apoptosis of ALL cells through several signaling pathways, but about 10% of ALL children have poor response to glucocorticoids. Studies have revealed that glucocorticoids induce the apoptosis of ALL cells by upregulating the expression of BIM gene, and BIM gene is associated with glucocorticoid resistance in childhood ALL. This article reviews the recent studies on glucocorticoid resistance in childhood ALL, especially the role of BIM and its expression products in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yun Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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19
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Brown LM, Hanna DT, Khaw SL, Ekert PG. Dysregulation of BCL-2 family proteins by leukemia fusion genes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14325-14333. [PMID: 28717011 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.799056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic lesions that characterize acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood include recurrent translocations that result in the expression of fusion proteins that typically involve genes encoding tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptors, and transcription factors. These genetic rearrangements confer phenotypic hallmarks of malignant transformation, including unrestricted proliferation and a relative resistance to apoptosis. In this Minireview, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that link these fusions to the control of cell death. We examine how these fusion genes dysregulate the BCL-2 family of proteins, preventing activation of the apoptotic effectors, BAX and BAK, and promoting cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Brown
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne
| | - Diane T Hanna
- the Royal Children's Hospital, and.,the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Seong L Khaw
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute.,the Royal Children's Hospital, and.,the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul G Ekert
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, .,the Royal Children's Hospital, and
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20
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Rekers NV, de Fijter J, Claas FH, Eikmans M. Mechanisms and risk assessment of steroid resistance in acute kidney transplant rejection. Transpl Immunol 2016; 38:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Dexamethasone-induced cell death is restricted to specific molecular subgroups of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26922-34. [PMID: 26323097 PMCID: PMC4694963 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its cytotoxic effect in lymphoid cells, dexamethasone is widely used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). However, only a subset of myeloma patients responds to high-dose dexamethasone. Despite the undeniable anti-myeloma benefits of dexamethasone, significant adverse effects have been reported. We re-evaluate the anti-tumor effect of dexamethasone according to the molecular heterogeneity of MM. We demonstrated that the pro-death effect of dexamethasone is related to the genetic heterogeneity of MM because sensitive cell lines were restricted to MAF and MMSET signature subgroups, whereas all CCND1 cell lines (n = 10) were resistant to dexamethasone. We demonstrated that the glucocorticoid receptor expression was an important limiting factor for dexamethasone-induced cell death and we found a correlation between glucocorticoid receptor levels and the induction of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) under dexamethasone treatment. By silencing GILZ, we next demonstrated that GILZ is necessary for Dex induced apoptosis while triggering an imbalance between anti- and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. Finally, the heterogeneity of the dexamethasone response was further confirmed in vivo using myeloma xenograft models. Our findings suggested that the effect of dexamethasone should be re-evaluated within molecular subgroups of myeloma patients to improve its efficacy and reduce its adverse effects.
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22
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Venetoclax responses of pediatric ALL xenografts reveal sensitivity of MLL-rearranged leukemia. Blood 2016; 128:1382-95. [PMID: 27343252 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-707414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of the BCL-2-selective BH3-mimetic venetoclax in patients with poor prognosis chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) highlights the potential of targeting the BCL-2-regulated apoptotic pathway in previously untreatable lymphoid malignancies. By selectively inhibiting BCL-2, venetoclax circumvents the dose-limiting, BCL-XL-mediated thrombocytopenia of its less selective predecessor navitoclax, while enhancing efficacy in CLL. We have previously reported the potent sensitivity of many high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) xenografts to navitoclax. Given the superior tolerability of venetoclax, here we have investigated its efficacy in childhood ALL. We demonstrate that in contrast to the clear dependence of CLL on BCL-2 alone, effective antileukemic activity in the majority of ALL xenografts requires concurrent inhibition of both BCL-2 and BCL-XL We identify BCL-XL expression as a key predictor of poor response to venetoclax and demonstrate that concurrent inhibition of both BCL-2 and BCL-XL results in synergistic killing in the majority of ALL xenografts. A notable exception is mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged infant ALL, where venetoclax largely recapitulates the activity of navitoclax, identifying this subgroup of patients as potential candidates for clinical trials of venetoclax in childhood ALL. Conversely, our findings provide a clear basis for progressing navitoclax into trials ahead of venetoclax in other subgroups.
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Adem J, Eray M, Eeva J, Nuutinen U, Pelkonen J. Timing determines dexamethasone and rituximab induced synergistic cell death. Mol Immunol 2016; 75:200-2. [PMID: 27290654 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of cell death signaling pathways in many cell types such as B lymphocytes (B-cells) can lead to cancer, for example to B-cell lymphomas. Rituximab (RTX) and glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (Dex) are widely used to treat hematological malignancies including B-cell lymphomas. Although the combination of Dex and RTX improves the treatment outcome of lymphoma patients, most lymphomas remain incurable diseases. Therefore, a detailed investigation of Dex- and RTX-induced signaling might provide new insights into the therapeutic benefits of these drugs. In this paper, we describe Dex- and RTX-induced signaling pathways and their downstream target proteins/cells. In addition, we also overview how the signaling initiated by Dex and RTX modulate the outcome of Dex- and RTX-mediated cell death in lymphoma cells. The combination of Dex and RTX results in massive cell death in lymphoma cells. However, pretreatment of lymphoma cells or mononuclear cytotoxic cells with Dex followed by RTX leads to a decrease in apoptosis or it impairs antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). RTX-mediated ADCC is impaired by Dex-induced depletion of cytotoxic cells, whereas RTX-mediated short-term ERK1/2 activation decreases Dex-induced apoptosis. Therefore, the timing of the combination of Dex and RTX is a determining factor for the synergistic effect of these cell death inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemal Adem
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mine Eray
- Fimlab Laboratories Oy, Tampere University Hospital, PL66, 33101 Tampere, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Tampere, Kalevantie 4, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jonna Eeva
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulla Nuutinen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Pelkonen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre (ISLAB), Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Cancer Center of University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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The role of microenvironment and immunity in drug response in leukemia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:414-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jackson RK, Irving JAE, Veal GJ. Personalization of dexamethasone therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:13-24. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna K. Jackson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Julie A. E. Irving
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Gareth J. Veal
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Dong H, Carlton ME, Lerner A, Epstein PM. Effect of cAMP signaling on expression of glucocorticoid receptor, Bim and Bad in glucocorticoid-sensitive and resistant leukemic and multiple myeloma cells. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:230. [PMID: 26528184 PMCID: PMC4602131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of cAMP signaling induces apoptosis in glucocorticoid-sensitive and resistant CEM leukemic and MM.1 multiple myeloma cell lines, and this effect is enhanced by dexamethasone in both glucocorticoid-sensitive cell types and in glucocorticoid-resistant CEM cells. Expression of the mRNA for the glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GR) promoters 1A3, 1B and 1C, expression of mRNA and protein for GR, and the BH3-only proapoptotic proteins, Bim and Bad, and the phosphorylation state of Bad were examined following stimulation of the cAMP and glucocorticoid signaling pathways. Expression levels of GR promoters were increased by cAMP and glucocorticoid signaling, but GR protein expression was little changed in CEM and decreased in MM.1 cells. Stimulation of these two signaling pathways induced Bim in CEM cells, induced Bad in MM.1 cells, and activated Bad, as indicated by its dephosphorylation on ser112, in both cell types. This study shows that leukemic and multiple myeloma cells, including those resistant to glucocorticoids, can be induced to undergo apoptosis by stimulating the cAMP signaling pathway, with enhancement by glucocorticoids, and the mechanism by which this occurs may be related to changes in Bim and Bad expression, and in all cases, to activation of Bad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
| | - Michael E Carlton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
| | - Adam Lerner
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston MA, USA
| | - Paul M Epstein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
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Consolaro F, Ghaem-Maghami S, Bortolozzi R, Zona S, Khongkow M, Basso G, Viola G, Lam EWF. FOXO3a and Posttranslational Modifications Mediate Glucocorticoid Sensitivity in B-ALL. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1578-90. [PMID: 26376801 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL); however, the molecular mechanism underlying glucocorticoid response and resistance is unclear. In this study, the role and regulation of FOXO3a in mediating the dexamethasone response in B-ALL were investigated. The results show that FOXO3a mediates the cytotoxic function of dexamethasone. In response to dexamethasone, it was found that FOXO3a translocates into the nucleus, where it induces the expression of downstream targets, including p27Kip1 and Bim, important for proliferative arrest and cell death in the sensitive RS4;11 and SUP-B15 B-ALL cells. FOXO3a activation by dexamethasone is mediated partially through the suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade. Furthermore, two posttranslational modifications were uncovered, phosphorylation on Ser-7 and acetylation on Lys-242/5, that associated with FOXO3a activation by dexamethasone. Immunoblot analysis showed that the phosphorylation on Ser-7 of FOXO3a is associated with p38/JNK activation, whereas the acetylation on Lys-242/5 is correlated with the downregulation of SIRT1/2/6 and the induction of the acetyltransferase CBP/p300. Collectively, these results indicate that FOXO3a is essential for dexamethasone response in B-ALL cells, and its nuclear translocation and activation is associated with its phosphorylation on Ser-7 and acetylation on Lys-242/245. These posttranslational events can be exploited as biomarkers for B-ALL diagnosis and as drug targets for B-ALL treatment, particularly for overcoming the glucocorticoid resistance. IMPLICATIONS FOXO3a and its posttranslational regulation are essential for dexamethasone response, and targeting FOXO3a and sirtuins may enhance the dexamethasone-induced cytotoxicity in B-ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Consolaro
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, United Kingdom. Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, United Kingdom.
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28
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Sionov RV, Vlahopoulos SA, Granot Z. Regulation of Bim in Health and Disease. Oncotarget 2015; 6:23058-134. [PMID: 26405162 PMCID: PMC4695108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The BH3-only Bim protein is a major determinant for initiating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Tight regulation of its expression and activity at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels together with the induction of alternatively spliced isoforms with different pro-apoptotic potential, ensure timely activation of Bim. Under physiological conditions, Bim is essential for shaping immune responses where its absence promotes autoimmunity, while too early Bim induction eliminates cytotoxic T cells prematurely, resulting in chronic inflammation and tumor progression. Enhanced Bim induction in neurons causes neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Moreover, type I diabetes is promoted by genetically predisposed elevation of Bim in β-cells. On the contrary, cancer cells have developed mechanisms that suppress Bim expression necessary for tumor progression and metastasis. This review focuses on the intricate network regulating Bim activity and its involvement in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Spiros A. Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Thivon and Levadias, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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29
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Hall CP, Reynolds CP, Kang MH. Modulation of Glucocorticoid Resistance in Pediatric T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Increasing BIM Expression with the PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor BEZ235. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:621-32. [PMID: 26080839 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study is to evaluate the preclinical therapeutic activity and mechanism of action of BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, in combination with dexamethasone in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The cytotoxic effects of BEZ235 and dexamethasone as single agents and in combination were assessed in a panel of ALL cell lines and xenograft models. The underlying mechanism of BEZ235 and dexamethasone was evaluated using immunoblotting, TaqMan RT-PCR, siRNA, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 enhanced dexamethasone-induced anti-leukemic activity in in vitro (continuous cell lines and primary ALL cultures) and systemic in vivo models of T-ALL (including a patient-derived xenograft). Through inhibition of AKT1, BEZ235 was able to alleviate AKT1-mediated suppression of dexamethasone-induced apoptotic pathways leading to increased expression of the proapoptotic BCL-2 protein BIM. Downregulation of MCL-1 by BEZ235 further contributed to the modulation of dexamethasone resistance by increasing the amount of BIM available to induce apoptosis, especially in PTEN-null T-ALL where inhibition of AKT only partially overcame AKT-induced BIM suppression. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the further investigation of agents targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway to modulate glucocorticoid resistance in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor P Hall
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - C Patrick Reynolds
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Min H Kang
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas. Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
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30
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Paugh SW, Bonten EJ, Savic D, Ramsey LB, Thierfelder WE, Gurung P, Malireddi RKS, Actis M, Mayasundari A, Min J, Coss DR, Laudermilk LT, Panetta JC, McCorkle JR, Fan Y, Crews KR, Stocco G, Wilkinson MR, Ferreira AM, Cheng C, Yang W, Karol SE, Fernandez CA, Diouf B, Smith C, Hicks JK, Zanut A, Giordanengo A, Crona D, Bianchi JJ, Holmfeldt L, Mullighan CG, den Boer ML, Pieters R, Jeha S, Dunwell TL, Latif F, Bhojwani D, Carroll WL, Pui CH, Myers RM, Guy RK, Kanneganti TD, Relling MV, Evans WE. NALP3 inflammasome upregulation and CASP1 cleavage of the glucocorticoid receptor cause glucocorticoid resistance in leukemia cells. Nat Genet 2015; 47:607-14. [PMID: 25938942 PMCID: PMC4449308 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are universally used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and leukemia cell resistant to glucocorticoids confers a poor prognosis. To elucidate mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance, we determined the sensitivity to prednisolone of primary leukemia cells from 444 newly diagnosed ALL patients, revealing significantly higher expression of caspase 1 (CASP1) and its activator NLRP3 in glucocorticoid resistant leukemia cells, due to significantly lower somatic methylation of CASP1 and NLRP3 promoters. Over-expression of CASP1 resulted in cleavage of the glucocorticoid receptor, diminished glucocorticoid-induced transcriptional response and increased glucocorticoid resistance. Knockdown or inhibition of CASP1 significantly increased glucocorticoid receptor levels and mitigated glucocorticoid resistance in CASP1 overexpressing ALL. Our findings establish a new mechanism by which the NLRP3/CASP1 inflammasome modulates cellular levels of the glucocorticoid receptor and diminishes cell sensitivity to glucocorticoids. The broad impact on glucocorticoid transcriptional response suggests this mechanism could also modify glucocorticoid effects in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Paugh
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erik J Bonten
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel Savic
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Laura B Ramsey
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - William E Thierfelder
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Prajwal Gurung
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - R K Subbarao Malireddi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcelo Actis
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anand Mayasundari
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jaeki Min
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David R Coss
- High-Performance Computing Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lucas T Laudermilk
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - John C Panetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Robert McCorkle
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristine R Crews
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark R Wilkinson
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antonio M Ferreira
- High-Performance Computing Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seth E Karol
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [3] Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christian A Fernandez
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barthelemy Diouf
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Colton Smith
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Kevin Hicks
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alessandra Zanut
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Audrey Giordanengo
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel Crona
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joy J Bianchi
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Linda Holmfeldt
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Monique L den Boer
- Division of Pediatric Oncology-Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Pieters
- 1] Division of Pediatric Oncology-Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. [2] Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sima Jeha
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas L Dunwell
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Farida Latif
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deepa Bhojwani
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - William L Carroll
- New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Mary V Relling
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - William E Evans
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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31
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Maude SL, Dolai S, Delgado-Martin C, Vincent T, Robbins A, Selvanathan A, Ryan T, Hall J, Wood AC, Tasian SK, Hunger SP, Loh ML, Mullighan CG, Wood BL, Hermiston ML, Grupp SA, Lock RB, Teachey DT. Efficacy of JAK/STAT pathway inhibition in murine xenograft models of early T-cell precursor (ETP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2015; 125:1759-67. [PMID: 25645356 PMCID: PMC4357583 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-06-580480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early T-cell precursor (ETP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a recently described subtype of T-ALL characterized by a unique immunophenotype and genomic profile, as well as a high rate of induction failure. Frequent mutations in cytokine receptor and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways led us to hypothesize that ETP-ALL is dependent on JAK/STAT signaling. Here we demonstrate aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in ETP-ALL blasts relative to non-ETP T-ALL. Moreover, ETP-ALL showed hyperactivation of STAT5 in response to interleukin-7, an effect that was abrogated by the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. In vivo, ruxolitinib displayed activity in 6 of 6 patient-derived murine xenograft models of ETP-ALL, with profound single-agent efficacy in 5 models. Ruxolitinib treatment decreased peripheral blast counts relative to pretreatment levels and compared with control (P < .01) in 5 of 6 ETP-ALL xenografts, with marked reduction in mean splenic blast counts (P < .01) in 6 of 6 samples. Surprisingly, both JAK/STAT pathway activation and ruxolitinib efficacy were independent of the presence of JAK/STAT pathway mutations, raising the possibility that the therapeutic potential of ruxolitinib in ETP-ALL extends beyond those cases with JAK mutations. These findings establish the preclinical in vivo efficacy of ruxolitinib in ETP-ALL, a biologically distinct subtype for which novel therapies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Maude
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sibasish Dolai
- Leukaemia Biology, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cristina Delgado-Martin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tiffaney Vincent
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alissa Robbins
- Leukaemia Biology, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arthavan Selvanathan
- Leukaemia Biology, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Theresa Ryan
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Junior Hall
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew C Wood
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and
| | - Brent L Wood
- Division of Hematopathology, University of Washington and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA
| | - Michelle L Hermiston
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard B Lock
- Leukaemia Biology, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David T Teachey
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Adem J, Ropponen A, Eeva J, Eray M, Pelkonen J, Nuutinen U. Rituximab-induced early and late signaling have opposite effects on dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in human follicular lymphoma cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2448-57. [PMID: 25563557 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.1001983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The addition of rituximab (RTX) to standard chemotherapy has improved the treatment of B-cell malignancies. We show here that RTX and dexamethasone (Dex) induced synergistic apoptosis in follicular lymphoma cell lines. However, apoptosis was delayed by RTX-induced early protective signaling. RTX-induced early signaling also decreased Dex-induced apoptosis and led to phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Bcl-2 (at serine 70) and phosphorylation/degradation of BimL/EL. All these events were prevented by the MEK inhibitor, UO126. Therefore, we suggest that RTX-induced ERK-mediated signaling events lead to protection from apoptosis during early signaling and that blocking of Bim and Bcl-2 phosphorylation might be used as a novel strategy for lymphoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemal Adem
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.,e Cancer Center of University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Antti Ropponen
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Jonna Eeva
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Mine Eray
- b Fimlab Laboratories Oy, Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland.,c Department of Medicine,University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Jukka Pelkonen
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.,d Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre (ISLAB) , Kuopio , Finland.,e Cancer Center of University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Ulla Nuutinen
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
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Abstract
Unlike other steroid hormone receptors, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is not considered an oncogene. In breast cancer, the estrogen receptor (ER) drives cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis, and the androgen receptor (AR) plays a similar role in prostate cancer. Accordingly, treatment of these diseases has focused on blocking steroid hormone receptor function. In contrast, glucocorticoids (GCs) work through GR to arrest growth and induce apoptosis in lymphoid tissue. Glucocorticoids are amazingly effective in this role, and have been deployed as the cornerstone of lymphoid cancer treatment for decades. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to GCs and dosage is restricted by immediate and long term side effects. In this chapter we review the treatment protocols that employ glucocorticoids as a curative agent, elaborate on what is known about their mechanism of action in these cancers, and also summarize the palliative uses of glucocorticoids for other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles A Pufall
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, 51 Newton Road, Bowen Science Building, Room 4-430, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA,
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Opposing regulation of BIM and BCL2 controls glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Blood 2014; 125:273-83. [PMID: 25336632 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-576470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are critical components of combination chemotherapy regimens in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The proapoptotic BIM protein is an important mediator of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in normal and malignant lymphocytes, whereas the antiapoptotic BCL2 confers resistance. The signaling pathways regulating BIM and BCL2 expression in glucocorticoid-treated lymphoid cells remain unclear. In this study, pediatric ALL patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) inherently sensitive or resistant to glucocorticoids were exposed to dexamethasone in vivo. Microarray analysis showed that KLF13 and MYB gene expression changes were significantly greater in dexamethasone-sensitive than -resistant PDXs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis detected glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding at the KLF13 promoter to trigger KLF13 expression only in sensitive PDXs. Next, KLF13 bound to the MYB promoter, deactivating MYB expression only in sensitive PDXs. Sustained MYB expression in resistant PDXs resulted in maintenance of BCL2 expression and inhibition of apoptosis. ChIP sequencing analysis revealed a novel GR binding site in a BIM intronic region (IGR) that was engaged only in dexamethasone-sensitive PDXs. The absence of GR binding at the BIM IGR was associated with BIM silencing and dexamethasone resistance. This study has identified novel mechanisms of opposing BCL2 and BIM gene regulation that control glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in pediatric ALL cells in vivo.
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Toscan CE, Failes T, Arndt GM, Lock RB. High-throughput screening of human leukemia xenografts to identify dexamethasone sensitizers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:1391-401. [PMID: 25104793 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114546550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy. Glucocorticoids (e.g., dexamethasone) form a critical component of chemotherapy regimens for pediatric ALL, and the initial response to glucocorticoid therapy is a major prognostic factor, where resistance is predictive of poor outcome. We have previously established a clinically relevant ALL xenograft model, consisting of primary pediatric ALL biopsies engrafted into immune-deficient mice, in which in vitro and in vivo dexamethasone sensitivity significantly correlated with patient outcome. In this study, we used high-throughput screening (HTS) to identify novel compounds that reverse dexamethasone resistance in a xenograft (ALL-19) derived from a chemoresistant pediatric ALL patient that is representative of the most common pediatric ALL subtype (B-cell precursor [BCP-ALL]). The compound 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-N-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)propanamide showed little cytotoxic activity alone (IC50 = 31 µM), but when combined with dexamethasone, it caused a marked decrease in cell viability. Fixed-ratio combination assays were performed against a broad panel of dexamethasone-resistant and -sensitive xenografts representative of BCP-ALL, T-cell ALL, and Mixed Lineage Leukemia-rearranged ALL, and synergy was observed in six of seven xenografts. We describe here the development of a novel 384-well cell-based high-throughput screening assay for identifying potential dexamethasone sensitizers using a clinically relevant ALL xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Toscan
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Failes
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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The glucocorticoid receptor 1A3 promoter correlates with high sensitivity to glucocorticoid‐induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:825-36. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bourquin JP, Bornhauser B. Have chemosensitizing strategies for multidrug-resistant childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia come of age? Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 3:369-72. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.10.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Guihard S, Peyrouze P, Cheok MH. Pharmacogenomic considerations of xenograft mouse models of acute leukemia. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 13:1759-72. [PMID: 23171339 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of combination chemotherapy to cure acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and acute myeloid leukemia in adults emerged for acute myeloid leukemia in the 1960s and for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the 1980s as a paradigm for curing any disseminated cancer. This article summarizes recent developments and considerations in the use of acute leukemia xenografts established in immunodeficient mice to elucidate the genetic and genomic basis of acute leukemia pathogenesis and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soizic Guihard
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, INSERM U837, Institute for Cancer Research, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille Cedex, France
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Gagné V, Rousseau J, Labuda M, Sharif-Askari B, Brukner I, Laverdière C, Ceppi F, Sallan SE, Silverman LB, Neuberg D, Kutok JL, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M. Bim polymorphisms: influence on function and response to treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5240-9. [PMID: 23908358 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corticosteroids induce apoptosis in the malignant lymphoid cells and are critical component of combination therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Several genome-wide microarray studies showed major implication of proapoptotic Bim in mediating corticosteroid-related resistance in leukemia cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated Bim gene polymorphisms and their association with childhood ALL outcome, and the mechanism underlying the observed finding. RESULTS Lower overall survival (OS) was associated with Bim C29201T located in Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain (P = 0.01). An association remained significant in multivariate model (P = 0.007), was more apparent in high-risk patients (P = 0.004) and patients treated with dexamethasone (P = 0.009), and was subsequently confirmed in the replication patient cohort (P = 0.03). RNA analysis revealed that C29201T affects generation of γ isoforms (γ1) that lack proapoptotic BH3 domain. The phenotypic effect was minor suggesting the influence of additional factors that may act in conjunction with Bim genotype. Combined analysis with Mcl gene polymorphism (G-486T) revealed profound reduction in OS in individuals with both risk genotypes (P < 0.0005 in discovery and P = 0.002 in replication cohort) and particularly in high-risk patients (P ≤ 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of prosurvival Mcl1 and presence of Bim isoforms lacking proapoptotic function might explain marked reduction of OS in a disease and dose-dependent manner in ALL patients carrying Bim- and Mcl1-risk genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gagné
- Authors' Affiliations: Charles Bruneau Cancer Center, Research Center CHU Sainte-Justine; Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Montreal; Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Pediatric Oncology and Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital; and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Liu T, Fei Z, Gangavarapu KJ, Agbenowu S, Bhushan A, Lai JCK, Daniels CK, Cao S. Interleukin-6 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling mediate the reversion of dexamethasone resistance after dexamethasone withdrawal in 7TD1 multiple myeloma cells. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1322-8. [PMID: 23871159 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the establishment and characteristics of a DXM-resistant cell line (7TD1-DXM) generated from the IL6-dependent mouse B cell hybridoma, 7TD1 cell line. After withdrawing DXM from 7TD1-DXM cells over 90 days, DXM significantly inhibited the cell growth and induced apoptosis in the cells (7TD1-WD) compared with 7TD1-DXM cells. Additionally, IL-6 reversed while IL-6 antibody and AG490 enhanced the effects of growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by DXM in 7TD1-WD cells. Our study demonstrates that 7TD1-DXM cells become resensitized to DXM after DXM withdrawal, and IL-6 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways may regulate the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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41
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Shah DS, Kumar R. Steroid resistance in leukemia. World J Exp Med 2013; 3:21-25. [PMID: 24520542 PMCID: PMC3905587 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v3.i2.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several types of leukemia which are characterized by the abnormal growth of cells from the myeloid or lymphoid lineage. Because of their lympholytic actions, glucocorticoids (GCs) are included in many therapeutic regimens for the treatment of various forms of leukemia. Although a significant number of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients respond well to GC treatment during initial phases; prolonged treatments sometimes results in steroid-resistance. The exact mechanism of this resistance has yet not been completely elucidated, but a correlation between functional GC receptor expression levels and steroid-resistance in patients has been found. In recent years, several other mechanisms of action have been reported that could play an important role in the development of such drug resistances in leukemia. Therefore, a better understanding of how leukemic patients develop drug resistance should result in drugs designed appropriately to treat these patients.
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42
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Sionov RV. MicroRNAs and Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoid Malignancies. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:348212. [PMID: 23431463 PMCID: PMC3569899 DOI: 10.1155/2013/348212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The initial response of lymphoid malignancies to glucocorticoids (GCs) is a critical parameter predicting successful treatment. Although being known as a strong inducer of apoptosis in lymphoid cells for almost a century, the signaling pathways regulating the susceptibility of the cells to GCs are only partly revealed. There is still a need to develop clinical tests that can predict the outcome of GC therapy. In this paper, I discuss important parameters modulating the pro-apoptotic effects of GCs, with a specific emphasis on the microRNA world comprised of small players with big impacts. The journey through the multifaceted complexity of GC-induced apoptosis brings forth explanations for the differential treatment response and raises potential strategies for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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43
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Malyukova A, Brown S, Papa R, O'Brien R, Giles J, Trahair TN, Dalla Pozza L, Sutton R, Liu T, Haber M, Norris MD, Lock RB, Sangfelt O, Marshall GM. FBXW7 regulates glucocorticoid response in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by targeting the glucocorticoid receptor for degradation. Leukemia 2012; 27:1053-62. [PMID: 23228967 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function mutation in FBXW7, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is associated with good prognosis and early glucocorticoid treatment response in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) by unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that FBXW7 targets the glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) for ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation in a manner dependent on glycogen synthase kinase 3 β-mediated phsophorylation. FBXW7 inactivation caused elevated GRα levels, and enhanced the transcriptional response to glucocorticoids. There was significant enhancement of GR transcriptional responses in FBXW7-deficient cell lines and primary T-ALL samples, in particular, for those pro-apoptotic regulatory proteins, BIM and PUMA. Reduced FBXW7 expression or function promoted glucocorticoid sensitivity, but not sensitivity to other chemotherapeutic agents used in T-ALL. Moreover, this was a general feature of different cancer cell types. Taken together, our work defines GRα as a novel FBXW7 substrate and demonstrates that favorable patient prognosis in T-ALL is associated with FBXW7 mutations due to enhanced GRα levels and steroid sensitivity. These findings suggest that inactivation of FBXW7, a putative tumor suppressor protein, may create a synthetic lethal state in the presence of specific anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malyukova
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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44
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A review of the role of Puma, Noxa and Bim in the tumorigenesis, therapy and drug resistance of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 20:1-7. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Baptista MJ, Muntañola A, Calpe E, Abrisqueta P, Salamero O, Fernández E, Codony C, Giné E, Kalko SG, Crespo M, Bosch F. Differential gene expression profile associated to apoptosis induced by dexamethasone in CLL cells according to IGHV/ZAP-70 status. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5924-33. [PMID: 22966019 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucocorticoids are part of the therapeutic armamentarium of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) where it has been suggested that cells with unmutated IGHV genes exhibit higher sensitivity. The mechanisms by which glucocorticoids are active in CLL are not well elucidated. We aimed to ascertain the activity of dexamethasone in CLL cells according to prognosis and to identify the molecular mechanisms that are influencing the response to this drug. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sensitivity to dexamethasone was analyzed ex vivo in 50 CLL and compared according to IGHV mutational status and/or ZAP-70 expression. The response was further compared by gene expression profiling (GEP) of selected cases. Expression of genes of interest was validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS Response to dexamethasone was higher in cases with unmutated IGHV/high ZAP-70 expression, and the levels of induction of the pro-apoptotic Bim protein correlated with the degree of cell death. GEP analysis showed few genes differentially expressed after dexamethasone treatment between mutated and unmutated cases. However, functional annotation analysis showed that unmutated cases had significant enrichment in terms related to apoptosis. Specific analysis of genes of interest conducted in a large series disclosed that in unmutated IGHV cells, FKBP5 expression was higher at baseline and after dexamethasone exposure and that GILZ was more induced by dexamethasone treatment in these cases. CONCLUSIONS Unmutated IGHV/high ZAP-70 CLL cells exhibit better response to dexamethasone treatment, which is accompanied by a differential expression of genes involved in the glucocorticoid receptor pathway and by an increased induction of genes related to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joao Baptista
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Bhadri VA, Trahair TN, Lock RB. Glucocorticoid resistance in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Paediatr Child Health 2012; 48:634-40. [PMID: 22050419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), such as prednisolone and dexamethasone, are key components in multi-agent chemotherapy protocols used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Approximately 10% of children with ALL will respond poorly to GCs, and GC resistance is associated with a significantly inferior outcome. This review summarises the current knowledge of GC resistance in ALL, including the roles of the GC receptor and its co-chaperone molecules, the pro-apoptotic and pro-survival B-cell lymphoma 2 family members and alternative non-apoptotic mechanisms of cell death. It concludes with a discussion on therapeutic attempts to overcome GC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek A Bhadri
- Centre for Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
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47
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Yang A, Ma J, Wu M, Qin W, Zhao B, Shi Y, Jin Y, Xie Y. Aberrant microRNA-182 expression is associated with glucocorticoid resistance in lymphoblastic malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2465-73. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.693178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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48
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Leukemia-initiating cells of patient-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts are sensitive toward TRAIL. Blood 2012; 119:4224-7. [PMID: 22408264 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-370114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells represent the most important target cells for antitumor therapy. TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a potential anticancer agent that induces apoptosis in a wide variety of tumor cells, but its ability to target cancer stem cells is currently unknown. Here we investigated whether TRAIL targets leukemia-initiating cells. Limiting dilution transplantation assays were performed on xenografts from pediatric patients with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) in NSG mice. In vitro treatment of xenograft cells with TRAIL significantly reduced and delayed their engraftment and procrastinated animal death from leukemia. Systemic TRAIL treatment of mice injected with patient-derived pre-B ALL xenograft cells abrogated leukemia in 3 of 5 mice in 1 sample. In conclusion, our data suggest that TRAIL targets leukemia-initiating cells derived from pre-B ALL xenografts in vitro and in vivo, and hence constitutes an attractive candidate drug for treatment of ALL.
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49
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Belikov S, Holmqvist PH, Åstrand C, Wrange Ö. FoxA1 and glucocorticoid receptor crosstalk via histone H4K16 acetylation at a hormone regulated enhancer. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:61-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Tome ME, Jaramillo MC, Briehl MM. Hydrogen peroxide signaling is required for glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in lymphoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:2048-59. [PMID: 21964507 PMCID: PMC3208737 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis is exploited clinically for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Determining the required molecular events for glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis will identify resistance mechanisms and suggest strategies for overcoming resistance. In this study, we found that glucocorticoid treatment of WEHI7.2 murine thymic lymphoma cells increased the steady-state [H(2)O(2)] and oxidized the intracellular redox environment before cytochrome c release. Removal of glucocorticoids after the H(2)O(2) increase resulted in a 30% clonogenicity; treatment with PEG-CAT increased clonogenicity to 65%. Human leukemia cell lines also showed increased H(2)O(2) in response to glucocorticoids and attenuated apoptosis after PEG-CAT treatment. WEHI7.2 cells that overexpress catalase (CAT2, CAT38) or were selected for resistance to H(2)O(2) (200R) removed enough of the H(2)O(2) generated by glucocorticoids to prevent oxidation of the intracellular redox environment. CAT2, CAT38, and 200R cells showed a 90-100% clonogenicity. The resistant cells maintained pERK survival signaling in response to glucocorticoids, whereas the sensitive cells did not. Treating the resistant cells with a MEK inhibitor sensitized them to glucocorticoids. These data indicate that: (1) an increase in H(2)O(2) is necessary for glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in lymphoid cells, (2) increased H(2)O(2) removal causes glucocorticoid resistance, and (3) MEK inhibition can sensitize oxidative stress-resistant cells to glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Tome
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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