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Lu Y, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Luo M, Huang J, Liang Q, Huang L, Ouyang J, Li C, Tang N, Li Y, Kang T, Song Y, Xu X, Ye L, Zheng G, Chen C, Zhu C. Enhancement of PRMT6 binding to a novel germline GATA1 mutation associated with congenital anemia. Haematologica 2024; 109:2955-2968. [PMID: 38385251 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the master hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1 are often associated with functional defects in erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. In this study, we identified a novel GATA1 germline mutation (c.1162delGG, p.Leu387Leufs*62) in a patient with congenital anemia and occasional thrombocytopenia. The C-terminal GATA1, a rarely studied mutational region, undergoes frameshifting translation as a consequence of this double-base deletion mutation. To investigate the specific function and pathogenic mechanism of this mutant, in vitro mutant models of stable re-expression cells were generated. The mutation was subsequently validated to cause diminished transcriptional activity of GATA1 and defective differentiation of erythroid and megakaryocytes. Using proximity labeling and mass spectrometry, we identified selective alterations in the proximal protein networks of the mutant, revealing decreased binding to a set of normal GATA1-interaction proteins, including the essential co-factor FOG1. Notably, our findings further demonstrated enhanced recruitment of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT6, which mediates histone modification at H3R2me2a and represses transcription activity. We also found an enhanced binding of this mutant GATA1/PRMT6 complex to the transcriptional regulatory elements of GATA1's target genes. Moreover, treatment of the PRMT6 inhibitor MS023 could partially rescue the inhibited transcriptional and impaired erythroid differentiation caused by the GATA1 mutation. Taken together, our results provide molecular insights into erythropoiesis in which mutation leads to partial loss of GATA1 function, and the role of PRMT6 and its inhibitor MS023 in congenital anemia, highlighting PRMT6 binding as a negative factor of GATA1 transcriptional activity in aberrant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsi Lu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yun Wang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Meiling Luo
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Junbin Huang
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Lifen Huang
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Chenxin Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Nannan Tang
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yan Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Tingting Kang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yujia Song
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Liping Ye
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Guoxing Zheng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong.
| | - Chun Chen
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong.
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong.
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Takasaki K, Wafula EK, Kumar SS, Smith D, Gagne AL, French DL, Thom CS, Chou ST. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal synergistic and antagonistic effects of T21 and GATA1s on hematopoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595827. [PMID: 38826323 PMCID: PMC11142253 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (T21), or Down syndrome (DS), is associated with baseline macrocytic erythrocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and neutrophilia, and transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). TAM and ML-DS blasts both arise from an aberrant megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor and exclusively express GATA1s, the truncated isoform of GATA1 , while germline GATA1s mutations in a non-T21 context lead to congenital cytopenias without a leukemic predisposition. This suggests that T21 and GATA1s perturb hematopoiesis independently and synergistically, but this interaction has been challenging to study in part due to limited human cell and murine models. To dissect the developmental impacts of GATA1s on hematopoiesis in euploid and T21 cells, we performed a single-cell RNA-sequencing timecourse on hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) derived from isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells differing only by chromosome 21 and/or GATA1 status. These HPCs were surprisingly heterogeneous and displayed spontaneous lineage skew apparently dictated by T21 and/or GATA1s. In euploid cells, GATA1s nearly eliminated erythropoiesis, impaired MK maturation, and promoted an immature myelopoiesis, while in T21 cells, GATA1s appeared to compete with the enhanced erythropoiesis and suppressed megakaryopoiesis driven by T21 to give rise to immature erythrocytes, MKs, and myeloid cells. T21 and GATA1s both disrupted temporal regulation of lineage-specific transcriptional programs and specifically perturbed cell cycle genes. These findings in an isogenic system can thus be attributed specifically to T21 and GATA1s and suggest that these genetic changes together enhance HPC proliferation at the expense of maturation, consistent with a pro-leukemic phenotype.
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Yang ML, Lin CL, Chen YC, Lu IA, Su BH, Chen YH, Liu KT, Wu CL, Shiau AL. Prothymosin α accelerates dengue virus-induced thrombocytopenia. iScience 2024; 27:108422. [PMID: 38213625 PMCID: PMC10783621 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is the hallmark finding in dengue virus (DENV) infection. Prothymosin α (ProT) has both intracellular and extracellular functions involved in cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, gene regulation, oxidative stress response, and immunomodulation. In this study, we found that ProT levels were elevated in dengue patient sera as well as DENV-infected megakaryoblasts and their culture supernatants. ProT transgenic mice had reduced platelet counts with prolonged bleeding times. Upon treatment with DENV plus anti-CD41 antibody, they exhibited severe skin hemorrhage. Furthermore, overexpression of ProT suppressed megakaryocyte differentiation. Infection with DENV inhibited miR-126 expression, upregulated DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), downregulated GATA-1, and increased ProT expression. Upregulation of ProT led to Nrf2 activation and reduced reactive oxygen species production, thereby suppressing megakaryopoiesis. We report the pathophysiological role of ProT in DENV infection and propose an involvement of the miR-126-DNMT1-GATA-1-ProT-Nrf2 signaling axis in DENV-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Yang
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-An Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hua Su
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Takasaki K, Chou ST. GATA1 in Normal and Pathologic Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:261-287. [PMID: 39017848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
GATA1 is a highly conserved hematopoietic transcription factor (TF), essential for normal erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, that encodes a full-length, predominant isoform and an amino (N) terminus-truncated isoform GATA1s. It is consistently expressed throughout megakaryocyte development and interacts with its target genes either independently or in association with binding partners such as FOG1 (friend of GATA1). While the N-terminus and zinc finger have classically been demonstrated to be necessary for the normal regulation of platelet-specific genes, murine models, cell-line studies, and human case reports indicate that the carboxy-terminal activation domain and zinc finger also play key roles in precisely controlling megakaryocyte growth, proliferation, and maturation. Murine models have shown that disruptions to GATA1 increase the proliferation of immature megakaryocytes with abnormal architecture and impaired terminal differentiation into platelets. In humans, germline GATA1 mutations result in variable cytopenias, including macrothrombocytopenia with abnormal platelet aggregation and excessive bleeding tendencies, while acquired GATA1s mutations in individuals with trisomy 21 (T21) result in transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS) arising from a megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP). Taken together, GATA1 plays a key role in regulating megakaryocyte differentiation, maturation, and proliferative capacity. As sequencing and proteomic technologies expand, additional GATA1 mutations and regulatory mechanisms contributing to human diseases of megakaryocytes and platelets are likely to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Takasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella T Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Jin X, Zhang Z, Guan G, Zhou Q, Zheng Y, Jiang G. Silica Nanoparticles Promote the Megakaryocyte Maturation and Differentiation: Potential Implications for Hematological Homeostasis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37310794 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) have been widely applied in diverse areas, thus causing the extensive release through multiple routes. Their toxicological effects, especially for the disturbance in hematological homeostasis, have raised public concern. Considering the detrimental role of excessive platelets in many cardiovascular diseases, the regulation of platelet formation offers a unique aspect for studying the blood compatibility of nanomaterials. In this study, the effects of SiO2 NPs with four sizes (80, 120, 200, and 400 nm) were investigated on the maturation and differentiation of the megakaryocytes into platelets. The results showed that SiO2 NPs promoted megakaryocyte development as manifested by the occurrence of irregular cell morphology, enlargement of cell size, increases in DNA content and DNA ploidy, and formation of spore-like protrusions. The expression of megakaryocyte-specific antigen (CD41a) was up-regulated, due to SiO2 NP treatments. The correlation analysis of SiO2 NP size with the above test bioindicators showed that the smaller the SiO2 NPs were, the stronger effects they induced. Moreover, exposure to SiO2 NPs induced the up-regulation of both GATA-1 and FLI-1, while the transcriptional expressions of aNF-E2 and fNF-E2 remained unchanged. The significant positive correlation of GATA-1 and FLI-1 with megakaryocytic maturation and differentiation suggested their crucial roles in the SiO2 NP-promoted effect. The finding herein provided new insight into the potential health risk of SiO2 NPs by perturbing the platelet-involved hematological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Ge Guan
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Wang Z, Wang P, Zhang J, Gong H, Zhang X, Song J, Nie L, Peng Y, Li Y, Peng H, Cui Y, Li H, Hu B, Mi J, Liang L, Liu H, Zhang J, Ye M, Yazdanbakhsh K, Mohandas N, An X, Han X, Liu J. The novel GATA1-interacting protein HES6 is an essential transcriptional cofactor for human erythropoiesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:4774-4790. [PMID: 36929421 PMCID: PMC10250228 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal erythropoiesis requires the precise regulation of gene expression patterns, and transcription cofactors play a vital role in this process. Deregulation of cofactors has emerged as a key mechanism contributing to erythroid disorders. Through gene expression profiling, we found HES6 as an abundant cofactor expressed at gene level during human erythropoiesis. HES6 physically interacted with GATA1 and influenced the interaction of GATA1 with FOG1. Knockdown of HES6 impaired human erythropoiesis by decreasing GATA1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA sequencing revealed a rich set of HES6- and GATA1-co-regulated genes involved in erythroid-related pathways. We also discovered a positive feedback loop composed of HES6, GATA1 and STAT1 in the regulation of erythropoiesis. Notably, erythropoietin (EPO) stimulation led to up-regulation of these loop components. Increased expression levels of loop components were observed in CD34+ cells of polycythemia vera patients. Interference by either HES6 knockdown or inhibition of STAT1 activity suppressed proliferation of erythroid cells with the JAK2V617F mutation. We further explored the impact of HES6 on polycythemia vera phenotypes in mice. The identification of the HES6-GATA1 regulatory loop and its regulation by EPO provides novel insights into human erythropoiesis regulated by EPO/EPOR and a potential therapeutic target for the management of polycythemia vera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jieying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Basic Medical Institute; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Han Gong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xuchao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jianhui Song
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ling Nie
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuanliang Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yajuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Basic Medical Institute; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Long Liang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | | | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, NY Blood Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, NY Blood Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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7
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Liu Y, Zuo X, Chen P, Hu X, Sheng Z, Liu A, Liu Q, Leng S, Zhang X, Li X, Wang L, Feng Q, Li C, Hou M, Chu C, Ma S, Wang S, Peng J. Deciphering transcriptome alterations in bone marrow hematopoiesis at single-cell resolution in immune thrombocytopenia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:347. [PMID: 36202780 PMCID: PMC9537316 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder, in which megakaryocyte dysfunction caused by an autoimmune reaction can lead to thrombocytopenia, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we performed single-cell transcriptome profiling of bone marrow CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to determine defects in megakaryopoiesis in ITP. Gene expression, cell-cell interactions, and transcriptional regulatory networks varied in HSPCs of ITP, particularly in immune cell progenitors. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis indicated that there was an impaired megakaryopoiesis of ITP. Flow cytometry confirmed that the number of CD9+ and HES1+ cells from Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs decreased in ITP. Liquid culture assays demonstrated that CD9+Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs tended to differentiate into megakaryocytes; however, this tendency was not observed in ITP patients and more erythrocytes were produced. The percentage of megakaryocytes differentiated from CD9+Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs was 3-fold higher than that of the CD9− counterparts from healthy controls (HCs), whereas, in ITP patients, the percentage decreased to only 1/4th of that in the HCs and was comparable to that from the CD9− HSPCs. Additionally, when co-cultured with pre-B cells from ITP patients, the differentiation of CD9+Lin−CD34+CD45RA− HSPCs toward the megakaryopoietic lineage was impaired. Further analysis revealed that megakaryocytic progenitors (MkP) can be divided into seven subclusters with different gene expression patterns and functions. The ITP-associated DEGs were MkP subtype-specific, with most DEGs concentrated in the subcluster possessing dual functions of immunomodulation and platelet generation. This study comprehensively dissects defective hematopoiesis and provides novel insights regarding the pathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xinyi Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zi Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Anli Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shaoqiu Leng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Shangdong Key Laboratory of Immunochematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- Shangdong Key Laboratory of Immunochematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Shangdong Key Laboratory of Immunochematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chong Chu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Shihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Shangdong Key Laboratory of Immunochematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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8
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Arkoun B, Robert E, Boudia F, Mazzi S, Dufour V, Siret A, Mammasse Y, Aid Z, Vieira M, Imanci A, Aglave M, Cambot M, Petermann R, Souquere S, Rameau P, Catelain C, Diot R, Tachdjian G, Hermine O, Droin N, Debili N, Plo I, Malinge S, Soler E, Raslova H, Mercher T, Vainchenker W. Stepwise GATA1 and SMC3 mutations alter megakaryocyte differentiation in a Down syndrome leukemia model. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:156290. [PMID: 35587378 PMCID: PMC9282925 DOI: 10.1172/jci156290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia of Down syndrome (DS-AMKL) is a model of clonal evolution from a preleukemic transient myeloproliferative disorder requiring both a trisomy 21 (T21) and a GATA1s mutation to a leukemia driven by additional driver mutations. We modeled the megakaryocyte differentiation defect through stepwise gene editing of GATA1s, SMC3+/–, and MPLW515K, providing 20 different T21 or disomy 21 (D21) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) clones. GATA1s profoundly reshaped iPSC-derived hematopoietic architecture with gradual myeloid-to-megakaryocyte shift and megakaryocyte differentiation alteration upon addition of SMC3 and MPL mutations. Transcriptional, chromatin accessibility, and GATA1-binding data showed alteration of essential megakaryocyte differentiation genes, including NFE2 downregulation that was associated with loss of GATA1s binding and functionally involved in megakaryocyte differentiation blockage. T21 enhanced the proliferative phenotype, reproducing the cellular and molecular abnormalities of DS-AMKL. Our study provides an array of human cell–based models revealing individual contributions of different mutations to DS-AMKL differentiation blockage, a major determinant of leukemic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Arkoun
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Elie Robert
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabien Boudia
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Stefania Mazzi
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Dufour
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurelie Siret
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yasmine Mammasse
- Département d'Immunologie Plaquettaire, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Zakia Aid
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mathieu Vieira
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Aygun Imanci
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Aglave
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Cambot
- Département d'Immunologie Plaquettaire, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Petermann
- Département d'Immunologie Plaquettaire, Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Souquere
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8122, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Rameau
- UMS AMMICA, INSERM US23, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Cyril Catelain
- UMS AMMICA, INSERM US23, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Romain Diot
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Gerard Tachdjian
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | | | - Nathalie Droin
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Najet Debili
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sebastien Malinge
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Eric Soler
- IGMM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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9
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Gupte A, Al-Antary ET, Edwards H, Ravindranath Y, Ge Y, Taub JW. The Paradox of Myeloid Leukemia Associated with Down Syndrome. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115046. [PMID: 35483417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome constitute a distinct genetic population who has a greater risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared to their non-Down syndrome counterparts. The risk for developing solid tumors is also distinct from the non-Down syndrome population. In the case of myeloid leukemias, the process of leukemogenesis in Trisomy 21 begins in early fetal life where genetic drivers including GATA1 mutations lead to the development of the preleukemic condition, transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). Various other mutations in genes encoding cohesin, epigenetic regulators and RAS pathway can result in subsequent progression to Myeloid Leukemia associated with Down Syndrome (ML-DS). The striking paradoxical feature in the Down syndrome population is that even though there is a higher predisposition to developing AML, they are also very sensitive to chemotherapy agents, particularly cytarabine, thus accounting for the very high cure rates for ML-DS compared to AML in children without Down syndrome. Current clinical trials for ML-DS attempt to balance effective curative therapies while trying to reduce treatment-associated toxicities including infections by de-intensifying chemotherapy doses, if possible. The small proportion of patients with relapsed ML-DS have an extremely poor prognosis and require the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Gupte
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eman T Al-Antary
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Holly Edwards
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaddanapudi Ravindranath
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yubin Ge
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Discipline of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, Michigan, USA.
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10
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Alejo-Valle O, Weigert K, Bhayadia R, Ng M, Issa H, Beyer C, Emmrich S, Schuschel K, Ihling C, Sinz A, Zimmermann M, Wickenhauser C, Flasinski M, Regenyi E, Labuhn M, Reinhardt D, Yaspo ML, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. The megakaryocytic transcription factor ARID3A suppresses leukemia pathogenesis. Blood 2022; 139:651-665. [PMID: 34570885 PMCID: PMC9632760 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the plasticity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, multiple routes of differentiation must be blocked in the the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia, the molecular basis of which is incompletely understood. We report that posttranscriptional repression of the transcription factor ARID3A by miR-125b is a key event in the pathogenesis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). AMKL is frequently associated with trisomy 21 and GATA1 mutations (GATA1s), and children with Down syndrome are at a high risk of developing the disease. The results of our study showed that chromosome 21-encoded miR-125b synergizes with Gata1s to drive leukemogenesis in this context. Leveraging forward and reverse genetics, we uncovered Arid3a as the main miR-125b target behind this synergy. We demonstrated that, during normal hematopoiesis, this transcription factor promotes megakaryocytic differentiation in concert with GATA1 and mediates TGFβ-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in complex with SMAD2/3. Although Gata1s mutations perturb erythroid differentiation and induce hyperproliferation of megakaryocytic progenitors, intact ARID3A expression assures their megakaryocytic differentiation and growth restriction. Upon knockdown, these tumor suppressive functions are revoked, causing a blockade of dual megakaryocytic/erythroid differentiation and subsequently of AMKL. Inversely, restoring ARID3A expression relieves the arrest of megakaryocytic differentiation in AMKL patient-derived xenografts. This work illustrates how mutations in lineage-determining transcription factors and perturbation of posttranscriptional gene regulation can interact to block multiple routes of hematopoietic differentiation and cause leukemia. In AMKL, surmounting this differentiation blockade through restoration of the tumor suppressor ARID3A represents a promising strategy for treating this lethal pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Alejo-Valle
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Karoline Weigert
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Raj Bhayadia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Michelle Ng
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hasan Issa
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Christoph Beyer
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stephan Emmrich
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester NY
| | - Konstantin Schuschel
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marius Flasinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hospital Tauberbischofsheim, Tauberbischofsheim, Germany
| | - Eniko Regenyi
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maurice Labuhn
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
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11
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Matsuo S, Nishinaka-Arai Y, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Nakahata T, Niwa A, Saito MK. Pluripotent stem cell model of early hematopoiesis in Down syndrome reveals quantitative effects of short-form GATA1 protein on lineage specification. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247595. [PMID: 33780474 PMCID: PMC8007000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are susceptible to two blood disorders, transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and Down syndrome-associated acute megakaryocytic leukemia (DS-AMKL). Mutations in GATA binding protein 1 (GATA1) have been identified as the cause of these diseases, and the expression levels of the resulting protein, short-form GATA1 (GATA1s), are known to correlate with the severity of TAM. On the other hand, despite the presence of GATA1 mutations in almost all cases of DS-AMKL, the incidence of DS-AMKL in TAM patients is inversely correlated with the expression of GATA1s. This discovery has required the need to clarify the role of GATA1s in generating the cells of origin linked to the risk of both diseases. Focusing on this point, we examined the characteristics of GATA1 mutant trisomy-21 pluripotent stem cells transfected with a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible GATA1s expression cassette in a stepwise hematopoietic differentiation protocol. We found that higher GATA1s expression significantly reduced commitment into the megakaryocytic lineage at the early hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) stage, but once committed, the effect was reversed in progenitor cells and acted to maintain the progenitors. These differentiation stage-dependent reversal effects were in contrast to the results of myeloid lineage, where GATA1s simply sustained and increased the number of immature myeloid cells. These results suggest that although GATA1 mutant cells cause the increase in myeloid and megakaryocytic progenitors regardless of the intensity of GATA1s expression, the pathways vary with the expression level. This study provides experimental support for the paradoxical clinical features of GATA1 mutations in the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Matsuo
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishinaka-Arai
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (YNA); (AN); (MKS)
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Drug Discovery Technology Development Office, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (YNA); (AN); (MKS)
| | - Megumu K. Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (YNA); (AN); (MKS)
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12
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Grimm J, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. Molecular Mechanisms of the Genetic Predisposition to Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in Infants With Down Syndrome. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636633. [PMID: 33777792 PMCID: PMC7992977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome are genetically predisposed to developing acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. This myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML–DS) demonstrates a model of step-wise leukemogenesis with perturbed hematopoiesis already presenting in utero, facilitating the acquisition of additional driver mutations such as truncating GATA1 variants, which are pathognomonic to the disease. Consequently, the affected individuals suffer from a transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM)—a pre-leukemic state preceding the progression to ML–DS. In our review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of the different steps of clonal evolution in Down syndrome leukemogenesis, and aim to provide a comprehensive view on the complex interplay between gene dosage imbalances, GATA1 mutations and somatic mutations affecting JAK-STAT signaling, the cohesin complex and epigenetic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Grimm
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare malignancy affecting megakaryocytes, platelet-producing cells that reside in the bone marrow. Children with Down syndrome (DS) are particularly prone to developing the disease and have a different age of onset, distinct genetic mutations, and better prognosis as compared with individuals without DS who develop the disease. Here, we discuss the contributions of chromosome 21 genes and other genetic mutations to AMKL, the clinical features of the disease, and the differing features of DS- and non-DS-AMKL. Further studies elucidating the role of chromosome 21 genes in this disease may aid our understanding of how they function in other types of leukemia, in which they are frequently mutated or differentially expressed. Although researchers have made many insights into understanding AMKL, much more remains to be learned about its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen McNulty
- Northwestern University, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Northwestern University, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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14
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Garnett C, Cruz Hernandez D, Vyas P. GATA1 and cooperating mutations in myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:119-130. [PMID: 31769932 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS) is an acute megakaryoblastic/erythroid leukaemia uniquely found in children with Down syndrome (constitutive trisomy 21). It has a unique clinical course, being preceded by a pre-leukaemic condition known as transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), and provides an excellent model to study multistep leukaemogenesis. Both TAM and ML-DS blasts carry acquired N-terminal truncating mutations in the erythro-megakaryocytic transcription factor GATA1. These result in exclusive production of a shorter isoform (GATA1s). The majority of TAM cases resolve spontaneously without the need for treatment; however, around 10% acquire additional cooperating mutations and transform to leukaemia, with differentiation block and clinically significant cytopenias. Transformation is driven by the acquisition of additional mutation(s), which cooperate with GATA1s to perturb normal haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Garnett
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - David Cruz Hernandez
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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15
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Shared roles for Scl and Lyl1 in murine platelet production and function. Blood 2019; 134:826-835. [PMID: 31300405 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019896175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell leukemia (Scl or Tal1) protein forms part of a multimeric transcription factor complex required for normal megakaryopoiesis. However, unlike other members of this complex such as Gata1, Fli1, and Runx1, mutations of Scl have not been observed as a cause of inherited thrombocytopenia. We postulated that functional redundancy with its closely related family member, lymphoblastic leukemia 1 (Lyl1) might explain this observation. To determine whether Lyl1 can substitute for Scl in megakaryopoiesis, we examined the platelet phenotype of mice lacking 1 or both factors in megakaryocytes. Conditional Scl knockout (KO) mice crossed with transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the mouse platelet factor 4 (Pf4) promoter generated megakaryocytes with markedly reduced but not absent Scl These Pf4Sclc-KO mice had mild thrombocytopenia and subtle defects in platelet aggregation. However, Pf4Sclc-KO mice generated on an Lyl1-null background (double knockout [DKO] mice) had severe macrothrombocytopenia, abnormal megakaryocyte morphology, defective pro-platelet formation, and markedly impaired platelet aggregation. DKO megakaryocytes, but not single-knockout megakaryocytes, had reduced expression of Gata1, Fli1, Nfe2, and many other genes that cause inherited thrombocytopenia. These gene expression changes were significantly associated with shared Scl and Lyl1 E-box binding sites that were also enriched for Gata1, Ets, and Runx1 motifs. Thus, Scl and Lyl1 share functional roles in platelet production by regulating expression of partner proteins including Gata1. We propose that this functional redundancy provides one explanation for the absence of Scl and Lyl1 mutations in inherited thrombocytopenia.
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16
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Sphingolipid-mediated inflammatory signaling leading to autophagy inhibition converts erythropoiesis to myelopoiesis in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1796-1812. [PMID: 30546074 PMCID: PMC6748125 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) inhibit erythropoiesis and cause anemia in patients with cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. TNFα is also a potent activator of the sphingomyelinase (SMase)/ceramide pathway leading to ceramide synthesis and regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. Here we evaluated the implication of the TNFα/SMase/ceramide pathway on inhibition of erythropoiesis in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (CD34/HSPCs) from healthy donors. Exogenous synthetic C2- and C6-ceramide as well as bacterial SMase inhibited erythroid differentiation in erythropoietin-induced (Epo)CD34/HSPCs shown by the analysis of various erythroid markers. The neutral SMase inhibitor GW4869 as well as the genetic inhibition of nSMase with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3) prevented the inhibition by TNFα, but not the acid SMase inhibitor desipramine. Moreover, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a ceramide metabolite, restored erythroid differentiation, whereas TNFα inhibited sphingosine kinase-1, required for S1P synthesis. Analysis of cell morphology and colony formation demonstrated that erythropoiesis impairment was concomitant with a granulomonocytic differentiation in TNFα- and ceramide-treated EpoCD34/HSPCs. Inhibition of erythropoiesis and induction of granulomonocytic differentiation were correlated to modulation of hematopoietic transcription factors (TFs) GATA-1, GATA-2, and PU.1. Moreover, the expression of microRNAs (miR)-144/451, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-223 was also modulated by TNFα and ceramide treatments, in line with cellular observations. Autophagy plays an essential role during erythropoiesis and our results demonstrate that the TNFα/neutral SMase/ceramide pathway inhibits autophagy in EpoCD34/HSPCs. TNFα- and ceramide-induced phosphorylation of mTORS2448 and ULK1S758, inhibited Atg13S355 phosphorylation, and blocked autophagosome formation as shown by transmission electron microscopy and GFP-LC3 punctae formation. Moreover, rapamycin prevented the inhibitory effect of TNFα and ceramides on erythropoiesis while inhibiting induction of myelopoiesis. In contrast, bafilomycin A1, but not siRNA against Atg5, induced myeloid differentiation, while both impaired erythropoiesis. We demonstrate here that the TNFα/neutral SMase/ceramide pathway inhibits erythropoiesis to induce myelopoiesis via modulation of a hematopoietic TF/miR network and inhibition of late steps of autophagy. Altogether, our results reveal an essential role of autophagy in erythroid vs. myeloid differentiation.
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17
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Artuz CM, Knights AJ, Funnell APW, Gonda TJ, Ravid K, Pearson RCM, Quinlan KGR, Crossley M. Partial reprogramming of heterologous cells by defined factors to generate megakaryocyte lineage-restricted biomolecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 20:e00285. [PMID: 30364711 PMCID: PMC6197760 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of transcriptional regulators to drive lineage conversion of somatic cells offers great potential for the treatment of human disease. To explore the concept of switching on specific target genes in heterologous cells, we developed a model system to screen candidate factors for their ability to activate the archetypal megakaryocyte-specific chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) in fibroblasts. We found that co-expression of the transcriptional regulators GATA1 and FLI1 resulted in a significant increase in levels of PF4, which became magnified over time. This finding demonstrates that such combinations can be used to produce potentially beneficial chemokines in readily available heterologous cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisbel M Artuz
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander J Knights
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Alister P W Funnell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas J Gonda
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, 02118, United States
| | - Richard C M Pearson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Merlin Crossley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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18
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Ling T, Crispino JD, Zingariello M, Martelli F, Migliaccio AR. GATA1 insufficiencies in primary myelofibrosis and other hematopoietic disorders: consequences for therapy. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:169-184. [PMID: 29400094 PMCID: PMC6108178 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1436965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GATA1, the founding member of a family of transcription factors, plays important roles in the development of hematopoietic cells of several lineages. Although loss of GATA1 has been known to impair hematopoiesis in animal models for nearly 25 years, the link between GATA1 defects and human blood diseases has only recently been realized. Areas covered: Here the current understanding of the functions of GATA1 in normal hematopoiesis and how it is altered in disease is reviewed. GATA1 is indispensable mainly for erythroid and megakaryocyte differentiation. In erythroid cells, GATA1 regulates early stages of differentiation, and its deficiency results in apoptosis. In megakaryocytes, GATA1 controls terminal maturation and its deficiency induces proliferation. GATA1 alterations are often found in diseases involving these two lineages, such as congenital erythroid and/or megakaryocyte deficiencies, including Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA), and acquired neoplasms, such as acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL) and the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Expert commentary: Since the first discovery of GATA1 mutations in AMKL, the number of diseases that are associated with impaired GATA1 function has increased to include DBA and MPNs. With respect to the latter, we are only just now appreciating the link between enhanced JAK/STAT signaling, GATA1 deficiency and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Ling
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D. Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotorial Sciences, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY, USA
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19
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Smith FO, Dvorak CC, Braun BS. Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Children. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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GATA factor mutations in hematologic disease. Blood 2017; 129:2103-2110. [PMID: 28179280 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-687889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GATA family proteins play essential roles in development of many cell types, including hematopoietic, cardiac, and endodermal lineages. The first three factors, GATAs 1, 2, and 3, are essential for normal hematopoiesis, and their mutations are responsible for a variety of blood disorders. Acquired and inherited GATA1 mutations contribute to Diamond-Blackfan anemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, transient myeloproliferative disorder, and a group of related congenital dyserythropoietic anemias with thrombocytopenia. Conversely, germ line mutations in GATA2 are associated with GATA2 deficiency syndrome, whereas acquired mutations are seen in myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, and in blast crisis transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia. The fact that mutations in these genes are commonly seen in blood disorders underscores their critical roles and highlights the need to develop targeted therapies for transcription factors. This review focuses on hematopoietic disorders that are associated with mutations in two prominent GATA family members, GATA1 and GATA2.
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21
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Beauchemin H, Shooshtarizadeh P, Vadnais C, Vassen L, Pastore YD, Möröy T. Gfi1b controls integrin signaling-dependent cytoskeleton dynamics and organization in megakaryocytes. Haematologica 2017; 102:484-497. [PMID: 28082345 PMCID: PMC5394960 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.150375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GFI1B are associated with inherited bleeding disorders called GFI1B-related thrombocytopenias. We show here that mice with a megakaryocyte-specific Gfi1b deletion exhibit a macrothrombocytopenic phenotype along a megakaryocytic dysplasia reminiscent of GFI1B-related thrombocytopenia. GFI1B deficiency increases megakaryocyte proliferation and affects their ploidy, but also abrogates their responsiveness towards integrin signaling and their ability to spread and reorganize their cytoskeleton. Gfi1b-null megakaryocytes are also unable to form proplatelets, a process independent of integrin signaling. GFI1B-deficient megakaryocytes exhibit aberrant expression of several components of both the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, with a dramatic reduction of α-tubulin. Inhibition of FAK or ROCK, both important for actin cytoskeleton organization and integrin signaling, only partially restored their response to integrin ligands, but the inhibition of PAK, a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, completely rescued the responsiveness of Gfi1b-null megakaryocytes to ligands, but not their ability to form proplatelets. We conclude that Gfi1b controls major functions of megakaryocytes such as integrin-dependent cytoskeleton organization, spreading and migration through the regulation of PAK activity whereas the proplatelet formation defect in GFI1B-deficient megakaryocytes is due, at least partially, to an insufficient α-tubulin content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charles Vadnais
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, QC, Canada
| | - Lothar Vassen
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, QC, Canada
| | - Yves D Pastore
- Département de Pédiatrie, Service d'Hématologie et Oncologie, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, QC, Canada .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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22
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Daly ME. Transcription factor defects causing platelet disorders. Blood Rev 2016; 31:1-10. [PMID: 27450272 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen increasing recognition of a subgroup of inherited platelet function disorders which are due to defects in transcription factors that are required to regulate megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. Thus, germline mutations in the genes encoding the haematopoietic transcription factors RUNX1, GATA-1, FLI1, GFI1b and ETV6 have been associated with both quantitative and qualitative platelet abnormalities, and variable bleeding symptoms in the affected patients. Some of the transcription factor defects are also associated with an increased predisposition to haematologic malignancies (RUNX1, ETV6), abnormal erythropoiesis (GATA-1, GFI1b, ETV6) and immune dysfunction (FLI1). The persistence of MYH10 expression in platelets is a surrogate marker for FLI1 and RUNX1 defects. Characterisation of the transcription factor defects that give rise to platelet function disorders, and of the genes that are differentially regulated as a result, are yielding insights into the roles of these genes in platelet formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina E Daly
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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23
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Banno K, Omori S, Hirata K, Nawa N, Nakagawa N, Nishimura K, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Toki T, Ito E, Yamamoto T, Kokubu C, Takeda J, Taniguchi H, Arahori H, Wada K, Kitabatake Y, Ozono K. Systematic Cellular Disease Models Reveal Synergistic Interaction of Trisomy 21 and GATA1 Mutations in Hematopoietic Abnormalities. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1228-41. [PMID: 27134169 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal aneuploidy and specific gene mutations are recognized early hallmarks of many oncogenic processes. However, the net effect of these abnormalities has generally not been explored. We focused on transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) in Down syndrome, which is characteristically associated with somatic mutations in GATA1. To better understand functional interplay between trisomy 21 and GATA1 mutations in hematopoiesis, we constructed cellular disease models using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genome-editing technologies. Comparative analysis of these engineered iPSCs demonstrated that trisomy 21 perturbed hematopoietic development through the enhanced production of early hematopoietic progenitors and the upregulation of mutated GATA1, resulting in the accelerated production of aberrantly differentiated cells. These effects were mediated by dosage alterations of RUNX1, ETS2, and ERG, which are located in a critical 4-Mb region of chromosome 21. Our study provides insight into the genetic synergy that contributes to multi-step leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Banno
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sayaka Omori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hirata
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Natsuki Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Nishimura
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Manami Ohtaka
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Chikara Kokubu
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junji Takeda
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitomi Arahori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuko Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuji Kitabatake
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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24
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Abstract
The GATA family of transcription factors consists of six proteins (GATA1-6) which are
involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. GATA1/2/3 are required
for differentiation of mesoderm and ectoderm-derived tissues, including the haematopoietic
and central nervous system. GATA4/5/6 are implicated in development and differentiation of
endoderm- and mesoderm-derived tissues such as induction of differentiation of embryonic
stem cells, cardiovascular embryogenesis and guidance of epithelial cell differentiation
in the adult.
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25
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DeVilbiss AW, Tanimura N, McIver SC, Katsumura KR, Johnson KD, Bresnick EH. Navigating Transcriptional Coregulator Ensembles to Establish Genetic Networks: A GATA Factor Perspective. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 118:205-44. [PMID: 27137658 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complex developmental programs require orchestration of intrinsic and extrinsic signals to control cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Master regulatory transcription factors are vital components of the machinery that transduce these stimuli into cellular responses. This is exemplified by the GATA family of transcription factors that establish cell type-specific genetic networks and control the development and homeostasis of systems including blood, vascular, adipose, and cardiac. Dysregulated GATA factor activity/expression underlies anemia, immunodeficiency, myelodysplastic syndrome, and leukemia. Parameters governing the capacity of a GATA factor expressed in multiple cell types to generate cell type-specific transcriptomes include selective coregulator usage and target gene-specific chromatin states. As knowledge of GATA-1 mechanisms in erythroid cells constitutes a solid foundation, we will focus predominantly on GATA-1, while highlighting principles that can be extrapolated to other master regulators. GATA-1 interacts with ubiquitous and lineage-restricted transcription factors, chromatin modifying/remodeling enzymes, and other coregulators to activate or repress transcription and to maintain preexisting transcriptional states. Major unresolved issues include: how does a GATA factor selectively utilize diverse coregulators; do distinct epigenetic landscapes and nuclear microenvironments of target genes dictate coregulator requirements; and do gene cohorts controlled by a common coregulator ensemble function in common pathways. This review will consider these issues in the context of GATA factor-regulated hematopoiesis and from a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W DeVilbiss
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - N Tanimura
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - S C McIver
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - K R Katsumura
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - K D Johnson
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States
| | - E H Bresnick
- UW-Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, WI, United States.
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26
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Yang Y, Wang S, Miao Z, Ma W, Zhang Y, Su L, Hu M, Zou J, Yin Y, Luo J. miR-17 promotes expansion and adhesion of human cord blood CD34(+) cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:168. [PMID: 26345634 PMCID: PMC4562375 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have recently found that miR-17 is necessary in the cell-extrinsic control of cord blood (CB) CD34+ cell function. Here, we demonstrated that the proper level of miR-17 is also necessary in the cell-intrinsic control of the hematopoietic properties of CB CD34+ cells. Methods The miR-17 overexpression and knockdown models were created using primary CB CD34+ cells transfected by the indicated vectors. Long-term culture, colony forming, adhesion and trans-well migration assays were carried out to investigate the function of miR-17 on CB CD34+ cells in vitro. NOD prkdcscid Il2rgnull mice were used in a SCID repopulating cell assay to investigate the function of miR-17 on CB CD34+ cells in vivo. A two-tailed Student’s t-test was used for statistical comparisons. Results In vitro assays revealed that ectopic expression of miR-17 promoted long-term expansion, especially in the colony-forming of CB CD34+ cells and CD34+CD38− cells. Conversely, downregulation of miR-17 inhibited the expansion of CB CD34+ cells. However, the overexpression of miR-17 in vivo reduced the hematopoietic reconstitution potential of CB CD34+ cells compared to that of control cells. The increased expression of major adhesion molecules in miR-17 overexpressed CB CD34+ cells suggests that the adhesion between miR-17 overexpressed CB CD34+ cells and their niche in vivo is regulated abnormally, which may further lead to the reduced hematopoietic reconstitution capability of 17/OE cells in engrafted mice. Conclusion We conclude that the proper expression of miR-17 is required, at least partly, for normal hematopoietic stem cell–niche interaction and for the regulation of adult hematopoiesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0159-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Yang
- Department of Medical & Research Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Saifeng Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenchuan Miao
- Beijing Vitalstar Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanju Zhang
- Tianjin Central Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Li Su
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Mengyu Hu
- Department of Medical & Research Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Junhua Zou
- Department of Medical & Research Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical & Research Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Medical & Research Technology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
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27
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Chlon TM, McNulty M, Goldenson B, Rosinski A, Crispino JD. Global transcriptome and chromatin occupancy analysis reveal the short isoform of GATA1 is deficient for erythroid specification and gene expression. Haematologica 2015; 100:575-84. [PMID: 25682601 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
GATA1 is a master transcriptional regulator of the differentiation of several related myeloid blood cell types, including erythrocytes and megakaryocytes. Germ-line mutations that cause loss of full length GATA1, but allow for expression of the short isoform (GATA1s), are associated with defective erythropoiesis in a subset of patients with Diamond Blackfan Anemia. Despite extensive studies of GATA1s in megakaryopoiesis, the mechanism by which GATA1s fails to support normal erythropoiesis is not understood. In this study, we used global gene expression and chromatin occupancy analysis to compare the transcriptional activity of GATA1s to GATA1. We discovered that compared to GATA1, GATA1s is less able to activate the erythroid gene expression program and terminal differentiation in cells with dual erythroid-megakaryocytic differentiation potential. Moreover, we found that GATA1s bound to many of its erythroid-specific target genes less efficiently than full length GATA1. These results suggest that the impaired ability of GATA1s to promote erythropoiesis in DBA may be caused by failure to occupy erythroid-specific gene regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Chlon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA Present address Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maureen McNulty
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin Goldenson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Rosinski
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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28
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Lu B, Sun X, Chen Y, Jin Q, Liang Q, Liu S, Li Y, Zhou Y, Li W, Huang Z. Novel function of PITH domain-containing 1 as an activator of internal ribosomal entry site to enhance RUNX1 expression and promote megakaryocyte differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:821-32. [PMID: 25134913 PMCID: PMC11113685 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Altered gene expression coincides with leukemia development and may affect distinct features of leukemic cells. PITHD1 was significantly downregulated in leukemia and upregulated upon PMA induction in K562 cells undergoing megakaryocyte differentiation. We aimed to study the function of PITHD1 in megakaryocyte differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS K562 cells and fetal liver cells were used for either overexpression or downregulation of PITHD1 by retroviral or lentiviral transduction. FACS was used to detect the expression of CD41 and CD42 to measure megakaryocyte differentiation in these cells. Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR were used to measure gene expression. Dual luciferase assay was used to detect promoter or internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) activity. RESULTS Ectopic expression of PITHD1 promoted megakaryocyte differentiation and increased RUNX1 expression while PITHD1 knockdown showed an opposite phenotype. Furthermore, PITHD1 efficiently induced endogenous RUNX1 expression and restored megakaryocyte differentiation suppressed by a dominant negative form of RUNX1. PITHD1 regulated RUNX1 expression at least through two distinct mechanisms: increasing transcription activity of proximal promoter and enhancing translation activity of an IRES element in exon 3. Finally, we confirmed the function of PITHD1 in regulating RUNX1 expression and megakaryopoiesis in mouse fetal liver cells. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE PITHD1 was a novel activator of IRES and enhanced RUNX1 expression that subsequently promoted megakaryocyte differentiation. Our findings shed light on understanding the mechanisms underlying megakaryopoiesis or leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangqin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Yamu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei People’s Republic of China
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29
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Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk for acute myeloid leukemias (ML-DS) characterized by mixed megakaryocytic and erythroid phenotype and by acquired mutations in the GATA1 gene resulting in a short GATA1s isoform. The chromosome 21 microRNA (miR)-125b cluster has been previously shown to cooperate with GATA1s in transformation of fetal hematopoietic progenitors. In this study, we report that the expression of miR-486-5p is increased in ML-DS compared with non-DS acute megakaryocytic leukemias (AMKLs). miR-486-5p is regulated by GATA1 and GATA1s that bind to the promoter of its host gene ANK1. miR-486-5p is highly expressed in mouse erythroid precursors and knockdown (KD) in ML-DS cells reduced their erythroid phenotype. Ectopic expression and KD of miR-486-5p in primary fetal liver hematopoietic progenitors demonstrated that miR-486-5p cooperates with Gata1s to enhance their self renewal. Consistent with its activation of AKT, overexpression and KD experiments showed its importance for growth and survival of human leukemic cells. Thus, miR-486-5p cooperates with GATA1s in supporting the growth and survival, and the aberrant erythroid phenotype of the megakaryocytic leukemias of DS.
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30
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Liu Q, Su PF, Zhao S, Shyr Y. Transcriptome-wide signatures of tumor stage in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma: connecting copy number variation, methylation and transcription factor activity. Genome Med 2014; 6:117. [PMID: 25648588 PMCID: PMC4293006 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-014-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative analysis of expression profiles between early and late stage cancers can help to understand cancer progression and metastasis mechanisms and to predict the clinical aggressiveness of cancer. The observed stage-dependent expression changes can be explained by genetic and epigenetic alterations as well as transcription dysregulation. Unlike genetic and epigenetic alterations, however, activity changes of transcription factors, generally occurring at the post-transcriptional or post-translational level, are hard to detect and quantify. METHODS Here we developed a statistical framework to infer the activity changes of transcription factors by simultaneously taking into account the contributions of genetic and epigenetic alterations to mRNA expression variations. RESULTS Applied to kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), the model underscored the role of methylation as a significant contributor to stage-dependent expression alterations and identified key transcription factors as potential drivers of cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS Integrating copy number, methylation, and transcription factor activity signatures to explain stage-dependent expression alterations presented a precise and comprehensive view on the underlying mechanisms during KIRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ; School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
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Clifton MK, Westman BJ, Thong SY, O’Connell MR, Webster MW, Shepherd NE, Quinlan KG, Crossley M, Blobel GA, Mackay JP. The identification and structure of an N-terminal PR domain show that FOG1 is a member of the PRDM family of proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106011. [PMID: 25162672 PMCID: PMC4146578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FOG1 is a transcriptional regulator that acts in concert with the hematopoietic master regulator GATA1 to coordinate the differentiation of platelets and erythrocytes. Despite considerable effort, however, the mechanisms through which FOG1 regulates gene expression are only partially understood. Here we report the discovery of a previously unrecognized domain in FOG1: a PR (PRD-BF1 and RIZ) domain that is distantly related in sequence to the SET domains that are found in many histone methyltransferases. We have used NMR spectroscopy to determine the solution structure of this domain, revealing that the domain shares close structural similarity with SET domains. Titration with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, the cofactor product synonymous with SET domain methyltransferase activity, indicated that the FOG PR domain is not, however, likely to function as a methyltransferase in the same fashion. We also sought to define the function of this domain using both pulldown experiments and gel shift assays. However, neither pulldowns from mammalian nuclear extracts nor yeast two-hybrid assays reproducibly revealed binding partners, and we were unable to detect nucleic-acid-binding activity in this domain using our high-diversity Pentaprobe oligonucleotides. Overall, our data demonstrate that FOG1 is a member of the PRDM (PR domain containing proteins, with zinc fingers) family of transcriptional regulators. The function of many PR domains, however, remains somewhat enigmatic for the time being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly K. Clifton
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda J. Westman
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sock Yue Thong
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Michael W. Webster
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kate G. Quinlan
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Merlin Crossley
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerd A. Blobel
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joel P. Mackay
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Satgé D. Are GATA1 mutations occurring at random in Down syndrome transient leukemia? Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:154-9. [PMID: 24880866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The somatic mutation theory of cancer proposes that cancer begins with a somatic mutation occurring at random in a single cell that then passes the mutation to its progeny, generating a clone of premalignant cells. This clone leads to a full malignant tumor through additional mutations and selection processes. Strikingly, the best-documented human model of early oncogenesis, i.e., transient myeloproliferative disorder followed by acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) in infants with Down syndrome (DS, or trisomy 21), exhibits important discrepancies with the SMT. Somatic mutations in megakaryocytic precursors occur at least 100,000 times more frequently in the GATA1 gene in fetuses with DS compared to the general population. Further, mutations are limited to GATA1 only; the general mutation rate does not significantly differ between individuals with DS and euploid individuals. Importantly, the mutations are also lineage-specific, occurring only in the megakaryocytic lineage, and proliferative anomalies of the megakaryocytic lineage are observed before the occurrence of GATA1 mutations. Thus, GATA1 mutations in fetuses with DS cannot be random events occurring in normal cells. Here, transcription-associated mutagenesis is proposed as the mechanism by which the earliest mutations of AMKL occur in DS. Transcription-associated mutagenesis is observed in non-dividing cells when a gene is over-expressed. The over-expression of GATA1 in the megakaryocytic lineage in DS fetal liver cells is proposed to be the cause of targeted GATA1 somatic mutations. As transcription-associated mutagenesis is a universal process, this mechanism may also apply to early oncogenesis in other situations, including after birth and following exposure to a carcinogenic agent. Thus, this hypothesis represents a new avenue for understanding and exploring oncogenesis in the context of DS and in other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Satgé
- Team Biostatistics Epidemiology Public Health, EA 2415, Oncodefi Project, University Institute for Clinical Research, Montpellier, France.
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33
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Wolff L, Humeniuk R. Concise review: erythroid versus myeloid lineage commitment: regulating the master regulators. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1237-44. [PMID: 23559316 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Developmental processes, like blood formation, are orchestrated by transcriptional networks. Those transcriptional networks are highly responsive to various environmental stimuli and affect common precursors resulting in increased production of cells of the erythroid lineage or myeloid lineage (granulocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages). A significant body of knowledge has accumulated describing transcription factors that drive differentiation of these two major cellular pathways, in particular the antagonistic master regulators such as GATA-1 and PU.1. However, little is known about factors that work upstream of master regulators to enhance differentiation toward one lineage. These functions become especially important under various stress conditions like sudden loss of red blood cells or pathogen infection. This review describes recent studies that begin to provide evidence for such factors. An increased understanding of factors regulating cellular commitment will advance our understanding of the etiology of diseases like anemia, cancer, and possibly other blood related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wolff
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Elagib KE, Rubinstein JD, Delehanty LL, Ngoh VS, Greer PA, Li S, Lee JK, Li Z, Orkin SH, Mihaylov IS, Goldfarb AN. Calpain 2 activation of P-TEFb drives megakaryocyte morphogenesis and is disrupted by leukemogenic GATA1 mutation. Dev Cell 2014; 27:607-20. [PMID: 24369834 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocyte morphogenesis employs a "hypertrophy-like" developmental program that is dependent on P-TEFb kinase activation and cytoskeletal remodeling. P-TEFb activation classically occurs by a feedback-regulated process of signal-induced, reversible release of active Cdk9-cyclin T modules from large, inactive 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) complexes. Here, we have identified an alternative pathway of irreversible P-TEFb activation in megakaryopoiesis that is mediated by dissolution of the 7SK snRNP complex. In this pathway, calpain 2 cleavage of the core 7SK snRNP component MePCE promoted P-TEFb release and consequent upregulation of a cohort of cytoskeleton remodeling factors, including α-actinin-1. In a subset of human megakaryocytic leukemias, the transcription factor GATA1 undergoes truncating mutation (GATA1s). Here, we linked the GATA1s mutation to defects in megakaryocytic upregulation of calpain 2 and of P-TEFb-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling factors. Restoring calpain 2 expression in GATA1s mutant megakaryocytes rescued normal development, implicating this morphogenetic pathway as a target in human leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaleldin E Elagib
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rubinstein
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lorrie L Delehanty
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Valerie S Ngoh
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shuran Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivailo S Mihaylov
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam N Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Liu L, Wen Q, Gong R, Gilles L, Stankiewicz MJ, Li W, Guo M, Li L, Sun X, Li W, Crispino JD, Huang Z. PSTPIP2 dysregulation contributes to aberrant terminal differentiation in GATA-1-deficient megakaryocytes by activating LYN. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e988. [PMID: 24407241 PMCID: PMC4040682 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GATA1 mutations are tightly associated with transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) and acute megakaryoblstic leukemia (AMKL) in children with Down syndrome. Numerous genes are altered in GATA-1-deficient megakaryocytes, which may contribute to the hyperproliferation and abnormal terminal differentiation of these malignant cells. In this study, we demonstrate that Pstpip2 is a GATA-1-repressed gene that controls megakaryopoiesis. Ectopic expression of PSTPIP2 impaired megakaryocytic differentiation as evidenced by a decrease of CD41 expression and reduced DNA content in K562 cells. PSTPIP2 overexpression also caused enhanced activation of Src family kinases and subsequently reduced ERK phosphorylation. Consistently, PSTPIP2 knockdown showed the opposite effect on differentiation and signaling. Moreover, the W232A mutant of PSTPIP2, defective in its interaction with PEST family phosphatases that recruit c-Src terminal kinase (CSK) to suppress Src family kinases, failed to inhibit differentiation and lost its ability to enhance Src family kinases or reduce ERK phosphorylation. In fact, the W232A mutant of PSTPIP2 promoted megakaryocyte differentiation. These observations suggest that PSTPIP2 recruiting PEST phosphatases somehow blocked CSK activity and led to enhanced activation of Src family kinases and reduced ERK phosphorylation, which ultimately repressed megakaryocyte differentiation. Supporting this idea, PSTPIP2 interacted with LYN and the expression of a dominant negative LYN (LYN DN) overwhelmed the inhibitory effect of PSTPIP2 on differentiation and ERK signaling. In addition, a constitutively active LYN (LYN CA) normalized the enhanced megakaryocyte differentiation and repressed ERK signaling in PSTPIP2 knockdown cells. Finally, we found that PSTPIP2 repressed ERK signaling, differentiation, and proliferation and verified that PSTPIP2 upregulation repressed megakaryocyte development in primary mouse bone marrow cells. Our study thus reveals a novel mechanism by which dysregulation of PSTPIP2 due to GATA-1 deficiency may contribute to abnormal megakaryocyte proliferation and differentiation in pathogenesis of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Wen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Gong
- Hubei International Travel Healthcare Center, Hubei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of P. R. China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L Gilles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M J Stankiewicz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - M Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Sun
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - W Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J D Crispino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Z Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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36
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Abstract
The molecular pathways that regulate megakaryocyte production have historically been identified through multiple candidate gene approaches. Several transcription factors critical for generating megakaryocytes were identified by promoter analysis of megakaryocyte-specific genes, and their biological roles then verified by gene knockout studies; for example, GATA-1, NF-E2, and RUNX1 were identified in this way. In contrast, other transcription factors important for megakaryopoiesis were discovered through a systems approach; for example, c-Myb was found to be critical for the erythroid versus megakaryocyte lineage decision by genome-wide loss-of-function studies. The regulation of the levels of these transcription factors is, for the most part, cell intrinsic, although that assumption has recently been challenged. Epigenetics also impacts megakaryocyte gene expression, mediated by histone acetylation and methylation. Several cytokines have been identified to regulate megakaryocyte survival, proliferation, and differentiation, most prominent of which is thrombopoietin. Upon binding to its receptor, the product of the c-Mpl proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin induces a conformational change that activates a number of secondary messengers that promote cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation, and down-modulate receptor signaling. Among the best studied are the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins; phosphoinositol-3-kinase; mitogen-activated protein kinases; the phosphatases PTEN, SHP1, SHP2, and SHIP1; and the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. Additional signals activated by these secondary mediators include mammalian target of rapamycin; β(beta)-catenin; the G proteins Rac1, Rho, and CDC42; several transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(alpha), the homeobox-containing proteins HOXB4 and HOXA9, and a number of signaling mediators that are reduced, including glycogen synthase kinase 3α(alpha) and the FOXO3 family of forkhead proteins. More recently, systematic interrogation of several aspects of megakaryocyte formation have been conducted, employing genomics, proteomics, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses, among others, and have yielded many previously unappreciated signaling mechanisms that regulate megakaryocyte lineage determination, proliferation, and differentiation. This chapter focuses on these pathways in normal and neoplastic megakaryopoiesis, and suggests areas that are ripe for further study.
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37
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Tang Y, Wei Y, He W, Wang Y, Zhong J, Qin C. GATA transcription factors in vertebrates: evolutionary, structural and functional interplay. Mol Genet Genomics 2013; 289:203-14. [PMID: 24368683 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-013-0802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
GATA transcription factors perform conserved and essential roles during animal development, including germ-layer specification, hematopoiesis, and cardiogenesis. The evolutionary history and the changes in selection pressures following duplication of the six GATA family members in vertebrates have not been completely understood. Recently, we explored multiple databases to find GATAs in different vertebrate species. Using these sequences, we have performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods, and statistical tests of tree topologies, to ascertain the phylogenetic relationship and selection pressures among GATA proteins. Seventy-one full-length cDNA sequences from 24 vertebrate species were extracted from multiple databases. By phylogenetic analyses, we investigated the origin, conservation, and evolution of the GATAs. Six GATA genes in vertebrates might be formed by gene duplication. The inferred evolutionary transitions that separate members which belong to different gene clusters correlated with changes in functional properties. Selection analysis and protein structure analysis were combined to explain Darwinian selection in GATA sequences and these changes brought putative biological significance. 26 positive selection sites were detected in this process. This study reveals the evolutionary history of vertebrate GATA paralogous and positively selected sites likely relevant for the distinct functional properties of the paralogs. It provides a new perspective for understanding the origin and evolution and biological functions of GATAs, which will help to uncover the GATAs' biological roles, evolution and their relationship with associated diseases; in addition, other complex multidomain families and also larger superfamilies can be investigated in a similar way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22, Shuang Yong Road, Nanning, 530021, China,
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38
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Woo AJ, Wieland K, Huang H, Akie TE, Piers T, Kim J, Cantor AB. Developmental differences in IFN signaling affect GATA1s-induced megakaryocyte hyperproliferation. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:40609. [PMID: 23863621 PMCID: PMC3726146 DOI: 10.1172/jci40609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
About 10% of Down syndrome (DS) infants are born with a transient myeloproliferative disorder (DS-TMD) that spontaneously resolves within the first few months of life. About 20%-30% of these infants subsequently develop acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (DS-AMKL). Somatic mutations leading to the exclusive production of a short GATA1 isoform (GATA1s) occur in all cases of DS-TMD and DS-AMKL. Mice engineered to exclusively produce GATA1s have marked megakaryocytic progenitor (MkP) hyperproliferation during early fetal liver (FL) hematopoiesis, but not during postnatal BM hematopoiesis, mirroring the spontaneous resolution of DS-TMD. The mechanisms that underlie these developmental stage-specific effects are incompletely understood. Here, we report a striking upregulation of type I IFN-responsive gene expression in prospectively isolated mouse BM- versus FL-derived MkPs. Exogenous IFN-α markedly reduced the hyperproliferation FL-derived MkPs of GATA1s mice in vitro. Conversely, deletion of the α/β IFN receptor 1 (Ifnar1) gene or injection of neutralizing IFN-α/β antibodies increased the proliferation of BM-derived MkPs of GATA1s mice beyond the initial postnatal period. We also found that these differences existed in human FL versus BM megakaryocytes and that primary DS-TMD cells expressed type I IFN-responsive genes. We propose that increased type I IFN signaling contributes to the developmental stage-specific effects of GATA1s and possibly the spontaneous resolution of DS-TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Woo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Wieland
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hui Huang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas E. Akie
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor Piers
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan B. Cantor
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.
Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Missense mutations in transcription factor GATA1 underlie a spectrum of congenital red blood cell and platelet disorders. We investigated how these alterations cause distinct clinical phenotypes by combining structural, biochemical, and genomic approaches with gene complementation systems that examine GATA1 function in biologically relevant cellular contexts. Substitutions that disrupt FOG1 cofactor binding impair both gene activation and repression and are associated with pronounced clinical phenotypes. Moreover, clinical severity correlates with the degree of FOG1 disruption. Surprisingly, 2 mutations shown to impair DNA binding of GATA1 in vitro did not measurably affect in vivo target gene occupancy. Rather, one of these disrupted binding to the TAL1 complex, implicating it in diseases caused by GATA1 mutations. Diminished TAL1 complex recruitment mainly impairs transcriptional activation and is linked to relatively mild disease. Notably, different substitutions at the same amino acid can selectively inhibit TAL1 complex or FOG1 binding, producing distinct cellular and clinical phenotypes. The structure-function relationships elucidated here were not predicted by prior in vitro or computational studies. Thus, our findings uncover novel disease mechanisms underlying GATA1 mutations and highlight the power of gene complementation assays for elucidating the molecular basis of genetic diseases.
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40
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Naturally occurring oncogenic GATA1 mutants with internal deletions in transient abnormal myelopoiesis in Down syndrome. Blood 2013; 121:3181-4. [PMID: 23440243 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-405746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome have an increased incidence of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. The majority of these cases harbor somatic mutations in the GATA1 gene, which results in the loss of full-length GATA1. Only a truncated isoform of GATA1 that lacks the N-terminal 83 amino acids (GATA1-S) remains. We found through genetic studies of 106 patients with TAM that internally deleted GATA1 proteins (GATA1-IDs) lacking amino acid residues 77-119 or 74-88 (created by splicing mutations) contributed to the genesis of TAM in 6 patients. Analyses of GATA1-deficient embryonic megakaryocytic progenitors revealed that the GATA1 function in growth restriction was disrupted in GATA1-IDs. In contrast, GATA1-S promoted megakaryocyte proliferation more profoundly than that induced by GATA1 deficiency. These results indicate that the internally deleted regions play important roles in megakaryocyte proliferation and that perturbation of this mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of TAM.
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Abstract
The requirement that leukemic GATA1 mutations be present in cells harboring trisomy 21 led to the discovery that overexpression of ERG drives aberrant megakaryopoiesis. Given that constitutive PI3K/AKT signaling is a frequent component of hematologic malignancies and the relationship between AKT and Notch in this lineage, we studied the cross talk between AKT signaling and ERG in megakaryopoiesis. We discovered that constitutive AKT signaling is associated with a dramatic increase in apoptosis of WT MKs, but that overexpression of ERG blocks AKT-induced death. We further found that Gata1 mutations protect megakaryocytes from activated AKT-induced apoptosis. As a consequence, however, the enhanced signaling inhibits differentiation of Gata1 mutant, but not WT, megakaryocytes. Gata1 mutant cells that overexpress ERG with hyperactive AKT are characterized by diminished FOXO1/3a expression and an increased dependency on the c-Jun pathway similar to that seen in AMKL cell lines, AML with knockdown of FOXO3a, or AML with expression of myrAKT. Additionally, we found that the AKT allosteric inhibitor MK2206 caused reduced cell viability and proliferation of AMKL cell lines. The contribution of aberrant AKT signaling during the ontogeny of DS-TMD/AMKL indicates that AKT is a therapeutic target in this form of AML.
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42
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Ikaros inhibits megakaryopoiesis through functional interaction with GATA-1 and NOTCH signaling. Blood 2013; 121:2440-51. [PMID: 23335373 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-08-450627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Ikaros regulates the development of hematopoietic cells. Ikaros-deficient animals fail to develop B cells and display a T-cell malignancy, which is correlated with altered Notch signaling. Recently, loss of Ikaros was associated with progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms to acute myeloid leukemia and increasing evidence shows that Ikaros is also critical for the regulation of myeloid development. Previous studies showed that Ikaros-deficient mice have increased megakaryopoiesis, but the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unknown. Here, we show that Ikaros overexpression decreases NOTCH-induced megakaryocytic specification, and represses expression of several megakaryocytic genes including GATA-1 to block differentiation and terminal maturation. We also demonstrate that Ikaros expression is differentially regulated by GATA-2 and GATA-1 during megakaryocytic differentiation and reveal that the combined loss of Ikzf1 and Gata1 leads to synthetic lethality in vivo associated with prominent defects in erythroid cells and an expansion of megakaryocyte progenitors. Taken together, our observations demonstrate an important functional interplay between Ikaros, GATA factors, and the NOTCH signaling pathway in specification and homeostasis of the megakaryocyte lineage.
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Shimizu R, Yamamoto M. Contribution of GATA1 dysfunction to multi-step leukemogenesis. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:2039-44. [PMID: 22937757 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, hematopoietic homeostasis is maintained by a fine-tuned balance among the self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation and survival of hematopoietic stem cells and their progenies. Each process is also supported by the delicate balance of the expression of multiple genes specific to each process. GATA1 is a transcription factor that comprehensively regulates the genes that are important for the development of erythroid and megakaryocytic cells. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that defects in GATA1 function are intimately linked to hematopoietic disorders. In particular, the somatic mutation of the GATA1 gene, which leads to the production of N-terminally truncated GATA1, contributes to the genesis of transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in infants with Down syndrome. Similarly, a mutation in the GATA1 regulatory region that reduces GATA1 expression is involved in the onset of erythroid leukemia in mice. In both cases, the accumulation of immature progenitor cells caused by GATA1 dysregulation underlies the pathogenesis of the leukemia. This review provides a summary of multi-step leukemogenesis with a focus on GATA1 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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44
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The GATA1s isoform is normally down-regulated during terminal haematopoietic differentiation and over-expression leads to failure to repress MYB, CCND2 and SKI during erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:45. [PMID: 22853316 PMCID: PMC3476960 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although GATA1 is one of the most extensively studied haematopoietic transcription factors little is currently known about the physiological functions of its naturally occurring isoforms GATA1s and GATA1FL in humans—particularly whether the isoforms have distinct roles in different lineages and whether they have non-redundant roles in haematopoietic differentiation. As well as being of general interest to understanding of haematopoiesis, GATA1 isoform biology is important for children with Down syndrome associated acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (DS-AMKL) where GATA1FL mutations are an essential driver for disease pathogenesis. Methods Human primary cells and cell lines were analyzed using GATA1 isoform specific PCR. K562 cells expressing GATA1s or GATA1FL transgenes were used to model the effects of the two isoforms on in vitro haematopoietic differentiation. Results We found no evidence for lineage specific use of GATA1 isoforms; however GATA1s transcripts, but not GATA1FL transcripts, are down-regulated during in vitro induction of terminal megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation in the cell line K562. In addition, transgenic K562-GATA1s and K562-GATA1FL cells have distinct gene expression profiles both in steady state and during terminal erythroid differentiation, with GATA1s expression characterised by lack of repression of MYB, CCND2 and SKI. Conclusions These findings support the theory that the GATA1s isoform plays a role in the maintenance of proliferative multipotent megakaryocyte-erythroid precursor cells and must be down-regulated prior to terminal differentiation. In addition our data suggest that SKI may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of children with DS-AMKL.
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Roy A, Roberts I, Vyas P. Biology and management of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in children with Down syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 17:196-201. [PMID: 22421527 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (ML-DS), particularly megakaryoblastic leukaemia, which is clonally -related to the neonatal myeloproliferative syndrome, Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis (TAM) unique to infants with DS. Molecular, biological, and clinical data indicate that TAM is initiated before birth when fetal liver haematopoietic cells trisomic for chromosome 21 acquire mutations in GATA1. TAM usually resolves spontaneously by 6 months; however 20-30% subsequently develop ML-DS harbouring the same GATA1 mutation(s). This review focuses on recent studies describing haematological, clinical and biological features of TAM and discusses approaches to diagnose, treat and monitor minimal residual disease in TAM. An important unanswered question is whether ML-DS is always preceded by TAM as it may be clinically and possibly haematologically 'silent'. We have briefly discussed the role of population-based screening for TAM and development of treatment strategies to eliminate the preleukaemic TAM clone, thereby preventing ML-DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Roy
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Roberts
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit and Department of Haematology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Zebrafish thrombocytes: functions and origins. Adv Hematol 2012; 2012:857058. [PMID: 22778746 PMCID: PMC3388482 DOI: 10.1155/2012/857058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important role in mammalian hemostasis. Thrombocytes of early vertebrates are functionally equivalent to mammalian platelets. A substantial amount of research has been done to study platelet function in humans as well as in animal models. However, to date only limited functional genomic studies of platelets have been performed but are low throughput and are not cost-effective. Keeping this in mind we introduced zebrafish, a vertebrate genetic model to study platelet function. We characterized zebrafish thrombocytes and established functional assays study not only their hemostatic function but to also their production. We identified a few genes which play a role in their function and production. Since we introduced the zebrafish model for the study of hemostasis and thrombosis, other groups have adapted this model to study genes that are associated with thrombocyte function and a few novel genes have also been identified. Furthermore, transgenic zebrafish with GFP-tagged thrombocytes have been developed which helped to study the production of thrombocytes and their precursors as well as their functional roles not only in hemostasis but also hematopoiesis. This paper integrates the information available on zebrafish thrombocyte function and its formation.
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Abstract
Sprouty proteins are established modifiers of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling and play important roles in vasculogenesis, bone morphogenesis, and renal uteric branching. Little is understood, however, concerning possible roles for these molecular adaptors during hematopoiesis. Within erythroid lineage, Spry1 was observed to be selectively and highly expressed at CFU-e to erythroblast stages. In analyses of possible functional roles, an Mx1-Cre approach was applied to conditionally delete Spry1. At steady state, Spry1 deletion selectively perturbed erythroid development and led to reticulocytosis plus heightened splenic erythropoiesis. When challenged by hemolysis, Spry1-null mice exhibited worsened anemia and delayed recovery. During short-term marrow transplantation, Spry1-null donor marrow also failed to efficiently rescue the erythron. In each anemia model, however, hyperexpansion of erythroid progenitors was observed. Spry function depends on phosphorylation of a conserved N-terminal PY motif. Through an LC-MS/MS approach, Spry1 was discovered to be regulated via the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), with marked EPO-induced Spry1-PY53 phosphorylation observed. When EPOR signaling pathways were analyzed within Spry1-deficient erythroid progenitors, hyperactivation of not only Erk1,2 but also Jak2 was observed. Studies implicate Spry1 as a novel regulator of erythropoiesis during anemia, transducer of EPOR signals, and candidate suppressor of Jak2 activity.
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Chromatin occupancy analysis reveals genome-wide GATA factor switching during hematopoiesis. Blood 2012; 119:3724-33. [PMID: 22383799 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-09-380634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many examples of transcription factor families whose members control gene expression profiles of diverse cell types. However, the mechanism by which closely related factors occupy distinct regulatory elements and impart lineage specificity is largely undefined. Here we demonstrate on a genome wide scale that the hematopoietic GATA factors GATA-1 and GATA-2 bind overlapping sets of genes, often at distinct sites, as a means to differentially regulate target gene expression and to regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation. We also reveal that the GATA switch, which entails a chromatin occupancy exchange between GATA2 and GATA1 in the course of differentiation, operates on more than one-third of GATA1 bound genes. The switch is equally likely to lead to transcriptional activation or repression; and in general, GATA1 and GATA2 act oppositely on switch target genes. In addition, we show that genomic regions co-occupied by GATA2 and the ETS factor ETS1 are strongly enriched for regions marked by H3K4me3 and occupied by Pol II. Finally, by comparing GATA1 occupancy in erythroid cells and megakaryocytes, we find that the presence of ETS factor motifs is a major discriminator of megakaryocyte versus red cell specification.
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Abstract
Although adults with Down syndrome (DS) show a decreased incidence of cancer compared to individuals without DS, children with DS are at an increased risk of leukemia. Nearly half of these childhood leukemias are classified as acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), a relatively rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we summarize the clinical features of myeloid leukemia in DS, review recent research on the mechanisms of leukemogenesis, including the roles of GATA1 mutations and trisomy 21, and discuss treatment strategies. Given that trisomy 21 is a relatively common event in hematologic malignancies, greater knowledge of how the genes on chromosome 21 contribute to DS-AMKL will increase our understanding of a broader class of patients with leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irum Khan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Abstract
It has been almost a quarter century since it was first appreciated that a class of oncogenes contained in rapidly transforming avian retroviruses encoded DNA-binding transcription factors. As with other oncogenes, genetic recombination with the viral genome led to their overexpression or functional alteration. In the years that followed, alterations of numerous transcription factors were shown to be causatively involved in various cancers in human patients and model organisms. Depending on their normal cellular functions, these factors were subsequently categorized as proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. This review focuses on the role of GATA transcription factors in carcinogenesis. GATA factors are zinc finger DNA binding proteins that control the development of diverse tissues by activating or repressing transcription. GATA factors thus coordinate cellular maturation with proliferation arrest and cell survival. Therefore, a role of this family of genes in human cancers is not surprising. Prominent examples include structural mutations in GATA1 that are found in almost all megakaryoblastic leukemias in patients with Down syndrome; loss of GATA3 expression in aggressive, dedifferentiated breast cancers; and silencing of GATA4 and GATA5 expression in colorectal and lung cancers. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis vis-à-vis the normal functions of GATA factors as they pertain to human patients and mouse models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Zheng
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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