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Yuan ZL, Liu XD, Zhang ZX, Li S, Tian Y, Xi K, Cai J, Yang XM, Liu M, Xing GG. Activation of GDNF-ERK-Runx1 signaling contributes to P2X3R gene transcription and bone cancer pain. iScience 2022; 25:104936. [PMID: 36072549 PMCID: PMC9441333 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain is a common symptom in cancer patients with bone metastases and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that Runx1 directly upregulates the transcriptional activity of P2X3 receptor (P2X3R) gene promoter in PC12 cells. Knocking down Runx1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons suppresses the functional upregulation of P2X3R, attenuates neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity in tumor-bearing rats, whereas overexpressing Runx1 promotes P2X3R gene transcription in DRG neurons, induces neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity in naïve rats. Activation of GDNF-GFRα1-Ret-ERK signaling is required for Runx1-mediated P2X3R gene transcription in DRG neurons, and contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity in tumor-bearing rats. These findings indicate that the Runx1-mediated P2X3R gene transcription resulted from activation of GDNF-GFRα1-Ret-ERK signaling contributes to the sensitization of DRG neurons and pathogenesis of bone cancer pain. Our findings identify a potentially targetable mechanism that may cause bone metastasis-associated pain in cancer patients. Runx1 directly upregulates the transcriptional activity of P2X3R gene promoter Upregulation of Runx1-mediated P2X3R gene transcription underlies bone cancer pain Involvement of GDNF-Ret-ERK signaling in Runx1-mediated P2X3R gene transcription
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2
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Feng FE, Zhang GC, Liu FQ, He Y, Zhu XL, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang JZ, Fu HX, Chen YH, Han W, Chang YJ, Xu LP, Liu KY, Huang XJ, Zhang XH. HCMV modulates c-Mpl/IEX-1 pathway-mediated megakaryo/thrombopoiesis via PDGFRα and αvβ3 receptors after allo-HSCT. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6726-6741. [PMID: 33611789 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a common complication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in immunocompromised hosts, which contributes to poor prognosis even in patients receiving antiviral treatment. Here, we investigated the megakaryo/thrombopoiesis process, including the involvement of the c-Mpl/IEX-1 pathway, after HCMV infection, identified receptors mediating the interaction between megakaryocytes (MKs) and HCMV, and explored novel therapeutic targets. Our data shows that HCMV directly infects megakaryocytes in patients with HCMV DNAemia and influences megakaryopoiesis via the c-Mpl/IEX-1 pathway throughout megakaryocyte maturation, apoptosis, and platelet generation in vivo and in vitro. After treatment with inhibitors of PDGFRα and αvβ3, the HCMV infection rate in MKs was significantly reduced, suggesting that IMC-3G3 and anti-αvβ3 are potential therapeutic alternatives for viral infection. In summary, our study proposes a possible mechanism and potential treatments for thrombocytopenia caused by HCMV infection and other viral diseases associated with abnormal hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Er Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gao-Chao Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Qi Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun He
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Xia Fu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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Oppezzo A, Bourseguin J, Renaud E, Pawlikowska P, Rosselli F. Microphthalmia transcription factor expression contributes to bone marrow failure in Fanconi anemia. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1377-1391. [PMID: 31877112 DOI: 10.1172/jci131540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) attrition is considered the key event underlying progressive BM failure (BMF) in Fanconi anemia (FA), the most frequent inherited BMF disorder in humans. However, despite major advances, how the cellular, biochemical, and molecular alterations reported in FA lead to HSC exhaustion remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated in human and mouse cells that loss-of-function of FANCA or FANCC, products of 2 genes affecting more than 80% of FA patients worldwide, is associated with constitutive expression of the transcription factor microphthalmia (MiTF) through the cooperative, unscheduled activation of several stress-signaling pathways, including the SMAD2/3, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and AKT cascades. We validated the unrestrained Mitf expression downstream of p38 in Fanca-/- mice, which display hallmarks of hematopoietic stress, including loss of HSC quiescence, DNA damage accumulation in HSCs, and reduced HSC repopulation capacity. Importantly, we demonstrated that shRNA-mediated downregulation of Mitf expression or inhibition of p38 signaling rescued HSC quiescence and prevented DNA damage accumulation. Our data support the hypothesis that HSC attrition in FA is the consequence of defects in the DNA-damage response combined with chronic activation of otherwise transiently activated signaling pathways, which jointly prevent the recovery of HSC quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Oppezzo
- CNRS UMR8200 Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer,".,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Julie Bourseguin
- CNRS UMR8200 Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer,".,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Emilie Renaud
- CNRS UMR8200 Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer,".,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrycja Pawlikowska
- CNRS UMR8200 Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer,".,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS UMR8200 Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer,".,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Exploitation of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a platform for anti-metastatic drug testing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16876. [PMID: 33037240 PMCID: PMC7547099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of clinically relevant models for tumor metastasis and drug testing is a major challenge in cancer research. Here we report a physiologically relevant assay enabling quantitative analysis of metastatic capacity of tumor cells following implantation into the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Engraftment of as few as 103 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines was sufficient for both primary tumor and metastasis formation. Standard 2D-imaging as well as 3D optical tomography imaging were used for the detection of fluorescent metastatic foci in the chick embryo. H2228- and H1975-initiated metastases were confirmed by genomic analysis. We quantified the inhibitory effect of docetaxel on LNCaP, and that of cisplatin on A549- and H1299-initiated metastatic growths.
The CAM assay also mimicked the sensitivity of ALK-rearranged H2228 and EGFR-mutated H1975 NSCLC cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors crizotinib and gefitinib respectively, as well as sensitivity of LNCaP cells to androgen-dependent enzalutamide therapy. The assay was suggested to reconstitute the bone metastatic tropism of PCa cells. We show that the CAM chick embryo model may be a powerful preclinical platform for testing and targeting of the metastatic capacity of cancer cells.
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Ma C, Yu B, Zhang H, Yang B, Li D, Li R, Lu X. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in an elderly patient with renal dysfunction: a case report. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520945858. [PMID: 32787736 PMCID: PMC7427142 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520945858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to examine the treatment regimen used for an elderly patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) complicated with renal dysfunction. CASE REPORT An 85-year-old man presented with nasal and sinus disorders in May 2018. He was also found to have renal insufficiency caused by long-term consumption of compound aminopyrine phenacetin tablets. Physical examination revealed irritation of the nasal mucous membrane on the right side and dark red nasal passages with a smooth surface. The right side of the neck contained several small peanut-sized lymph nodes. A biopsy of the right nasal neoplasm revealed germinal center type DLBCL. The mini-rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone regimen (mini-R-CHOP) was administered as the main chemotherapy regimen. Additionally, the use of thrombopoietin prevented further deterioration in renal function. This individualized treatment program helped the patient to achieve complete remission. The creatinine level decreased and was well maintained. CONCLUSION The mini-R-CHOP and rituximab cross-use regimen was found to be safe in an elderly patient with chronic renal insufficiency. Thrombopoietin exerted a protective effect on renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- Department of Health Medicine, the Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxiang Yu
- Department of Health Medicine, the Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haomin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwan Li
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Health Medicine, the Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechun Lu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lim KS, Yong ZWE, Wang H, Tan TZ, Huang RYJ, Yamamoto D, Inaki N, Hazawa M, Wong RW, Oshima H, Oshima M, Ito Y, Voon DCC. Inflammatory and mitogenic signals drive interleukin 23 subunit alpha (IL23A) secretion independent of IL12B in intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6387-6400. [PMID: 32209656 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterodimeric cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23 or IL23A/IL12B) is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages and promotes the proinflammatory and regenerative activities of T helper 17 (Th17) and innate lymphoid cells. A recent study has reported that IL-23 is also secreted by lung adenoma cells and generates an inflammatory and immune-suppressed stroma. Here, we observed that proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling strongly induce IL23A expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, we identified a strong crosstalk between the NF-κB and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) pathways, involving the formation of a transcriptional enhancer complex consisting of proto-oncogene c-Jun (c-Jun), RELA proto-oncogene NF-κB subunit (RelA), RUNX family transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), and RUNX3. Collectively, these proteins induced IL23A secretion, confirmed by immunoprecipitation of endogenous IL23A from activated human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell culture supernatants. Interestingly, IL23A was likely secreted in a noncanonical form, as it was not detected by an ELISA specific for heterodimeric IL-23 likely because IL12B expression is absent in CRC cells. Given recent evidence that IL23A promotes tumor formation, we evaluated the efficacy of MAPK/NF-κB inhibitors in attenuating IL23A expression and found that the MEK inhibitor trametinib and BAY 11-7082 (an IKKα/IκB inhibitor) effectively inhibited IL23A in a subset of human CRC lines with mutant KRAS or BRAFV600E mutations. Together, these results indicate that proinflammatory and mitogenic signals dynamically regulate IL23A in epithelial cells. They further reveal its secretion in a noncanonical form independent of IL12B and that small-molecule inhibitors can attenuate IL23A secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Siang Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Zachary Wei Ern Yong
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Huajing Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138669
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Inaki
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Richard W Wong
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Dominic Chih-Cheng Voon
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan .,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Shahid M, Hermes EL, Chandra D, Tauseef M, Siddiqui MR, Faridi MH, Wu MX. Emerging Potential of Immediate Early Response Gene X-1 in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e009261. [PMID: 30373431 PMCID: PMC6404175 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoIL
| | - Erin L. Hermes
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoIL
| | - David Chandra
- The Wellman Center for PhotomedicineDepartment of DermatologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoIL
| | - M. Rizwan Siddiqui
- Department of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - M. Hafeez Faridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoIL
| | - Mei X. Wu
- The Wellman Center for PhotomedicineDepartment of DermatologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyHarvard‐Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMA
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8
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Fouquet B, Pawlikowska P, Caburet S, Guigon C, Mäkinen M, Tanner L, Hietala M, Urbanska K, Bellutti L, Legois B, Bessieres B, Gougeon A, Benachi A, Livera G, Rosselli F, Veitia RA, Misrahi M. A homozygous FANCM mutation underlies a familial case of non-syndromic primary ovarian insufficiency. eLife 2017; 6:30490. [PMID: 29231814 PMCID: PMC5764568 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) affects ~1% of women under forty. Exome sequencing of two Finnish sisters with non-syndromic POI revealed a homozygous mutation in FANCM, leading to a truncated protein (p.Gln1701*). FANCM is a DNA-damage response gene whose heterozygous mutations predispose to breast cancer. Compared to the mother's cells, the patients' lymphocytes displayed higher levels of basal and mitomycin C (MMC)-induced chromosomal abnormalities. Their lymphoblasts were hypersensitive to MMC and MMC-induced monoubiquitination of FANCD2 was impaired. Genetic complementation of patient's cells with wild-type FANCM improved their resistance to MMC re-establishing FANCD2 monoubiquitination. FANCM was more strongly expressed in human fetal germ cells than in somatic cells. FANCM protein was preferentially expressed along the chromosomes in pachytene cells, which undergo meiotic recombination. This mutation may provoke meiotic defects leading to a depleted follicular stock, as in Fancm-/- mice. Our findings document the first Mendelian phenotype due to a biallelic FANCM mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Fouquet
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrycja Pawlikowska
- CNRS UMR8200,Equipe labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Vilejuif, France
| | | | - Celine Guigon
- Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, UMR 8251, INSERM, U1133, Paris, France
| | - Marika Mäkinen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Tanner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marja Hietala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaja Urbanska
- CNRS UMR8200, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Bellutti
- UMR967 INSERM, CEA/DRF/iRCM/SCSR/LDG, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | | | - Bettina Bessieres
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetics, Hôpital Necker-enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Alain Gougeon
- UMR Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AP-HP, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Gabriel Livera
- UMR967 INSERM, CEA/DRF/iRCM/SCSR/LDG, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS UMR8200,Equipe labellisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Vilejuif, France
| | - Reiner A Veitia
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Micheline Misrahi
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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9
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Moriya S, Chourasia D, Ng KW, Khel NB, Parhar IS. Cloning and localization of immediate early response 2 (ier2) gene in the brain of medaka. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 77:24-29. [PMID: 27134039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immediate early response (IER) 2 gene, a member of the IER family, is a gene of unknown function which is affected by external stimuli in the brain. In the present study, the full length sequence and localization of medaka (Oryzias latipes) ier2 was investigated in the brain to understand the functions of Ier2 in the future studies. The full length sequence of medaka ier2 was identified using a 3'-, 5'- rapid amplification of cDNA ends method, and distribution in the brain was identified using in situ hybridization. The identified full length ier2 mRNA consisted of 939 nucleotides spanning along 1 exon. The deduced amino acid sequence consisted of 171 amino acid residues which contains a highly conserved sequence, nuclear localization signal. ier2 mRNA was distributed in the telencephalon, midbrain and the hypothalamus. This highly conserved primary response gene Ier2 can be used to visualize and map functionally activated neuronal circuitry in the brain of medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Moriya
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Dipti Chourasia
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kai We Ng
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nazmina Bahadur Khel
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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10
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Ramsey H, Wu MX. Mitochondrial anti-oxidant protects IEX-1 deficient mice from organ damage during endotoxemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 23:658-63. [PMID: 25466275 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units worldwide, is often a result of overactive and systemic inflammation following serious infections. We found that mice lacking immediate early responsive gene X-1 (IEX-1) were prone to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced endotoxemia. A nonlethal dose of LPS provoked numerous aberrations in IEX-1 knockout (KO) mice including pancytopenia, increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lung neutrophilia, concurrent with liver and kidney damage, followed by death. Given these results, in conjunction with a proven role for IEX-1 in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis during stress, we pre-treated IEX-1 KO mice with Mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondrion-based antioxidant prior to LPS injection. The treatment significantly reduced ROS formation in circulatory cells and protected against pancytopenia and multiple organ failure, drastically increasing the survival rate of IEX-1 KO mice challenged by this low dose of LPS. This study confirms significant contribution of mitochondrial ROS to the etiology of sepsis.
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Ravaud C, Esteve D, Villageois P, Bouloumie A, Dani C, Ladoux A. IER3 Promotes Expansion of Adipose Progenitor Cells in Response to Changes in Distinct Microenvironmental Effectors. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2564-73. [PMID: 25827082 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion is well-orchestrated to fulfill the energy demand. It results from adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia due to adipose progenitor cell (APC) expansion and differentiation. Chronic low grade inflammation and hypoxia take place in obese adipose tissue microenvironment. Both of these events were shown to impact the APC pool by promoting increased self-renewal along with a decrease in the APC differentiation potential. However, no common target has been identified so far. Here we show that the immediate early response 3 gene (IER3) is preferentially expressed in APCs and is essential for APC proliferation and self-renewal. Experiments based on RNA interference revealed that impairing IER3 expression altered cell proliferation through ERK1/2 phosphorylation and clonogenicity. IER3 expression was induced by Activin A, which plays a crucial role in adipocyte differentiation as well as by a decrease in oxygen tension through HIF1-induced transcriptional activation. Interestingly, high levels of IER3 were detected in native APCs (CD34+/CD31- cells) isolated from obese patients and conditioned media from obese adipose tissue-macrophages stimulated its expression. Overall, these results indicate that IER3 is a key player in expanding the pool of APC while highlighting the role of distinct effectors found in an obese microenvironment in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ravaud
- CNRS UMR 7277, Nice, France.,University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,INSERM UMR 1091, iBV, Nice, France
| | - David Esteve
- Team 1, INSERM UMR1048, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Phi Villageois
- CNRS UMR 7277, Nice, France.,University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,INSERM UMR 1091, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Anne Bouloumie
- Team 1, INSERM UMR1048, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Dani
- CNRS UMR 7277, Nice, France.,University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,INSERM UMR 1091, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Annie Ladoux
- CNRS UMR 7277, Nice, France.,University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,INSERM UMR 1091, iBV, Nice, France
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12
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Kochan J, Wawro M, Kolka A, Maczuga P, Kasza A. Transcription factor Elk-1 participates in the interleukin-1β-dependent regulation of expression of immediate early response gene 3 (IER3). Cytokine 2014; 70:120-5. [PMID: 25066273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Immediate early response gene 3 (IER3) encodes a protein involved in the regulation of apoptosis and differentiation. Recently the role of IER3 in the regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) was discovered. IER3 prolongs ERKs activation by inhibition of phosphatase PP2A. Here we show that interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced IER3 expression is mediated by the ERK1/2 target, transcription factor Elk-1. We identified sequences in the IER3 promoter responsible for its ERKs-dependent activation, namely ETS5/6. Elk-1 binds to these sequences and is phosphorylated following IL-1β stimulation. Mutation of ETS5/6 binding site abolishes activation of IER3 promoter by IL-1β as well as by the constitutively active form of Elk-1 (Elk-VP16). Thus IER3 acts not only as a regulator of ERKs activation, but also as a ERKs-Elk-1-dependent downstream effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kochan
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wawro
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kolka
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | - Piotr Maczuga
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | - Aneta Kasza
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland.
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13
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Ramsey H, Zhang Q, Wu MX. Mitoquinone restores platelet production in irradiation-induced thrombocytopenia. Platelets 2014; 26:459-66. [PMID: 25025394 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2014.935315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hallmarked by cytopenia and dysplasia of hematopoietic cells, often accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within affected cells. However, it is not known whether the increase in ROS production is an instigator or a byproduct of the disease. The present investigation shows that mice lacking immediate early responsive gene X-1 (IEX-1) exhibit lineage specific increases in ROS production and abnormal cytology upon radiation in blood cell types commonly identified in MDS. These affected cell lineages chiefly have the bone marrow as a primary site of differentiation and maturation, while cells with extramedullary differentiation and maturation like B- and T-cells remain unaffected. Increased ROS production is likely to contribute significantly to irradiation-induced thrombocytopenia in the absence of IEX-1 as demonstrated by effective reversal of the disorder after mitoquinone (MitoQ) treatment, a mitochondria-specific antioxidant. MitoQ reduced intracellular ROS production within megakaryocytes and platelets. It also normalized mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide production in platelets in irradiated, IEX-1 deficient mice. The lineage-specific effects of mitochondrial ROS may help us understand the etiology of thrombocytopenia in association with MDS in a subgroup of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Ramsey
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School (HMS) , Boston , MA and
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14
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Abstract
The molecular pathways that regulate megakaryocyte production have historically been identified through multiple candidate gene approaches. Several transcription factors critical for generating megakaryocytes were identified by promoter analysis of megakaryocyte-specific genes, and their biological roles then verified by gene knockout studies; for example, GATA-1, NF-E2, and RUNX1 were identified in this way. In contrast, other transcription factors important for megakaryopoiesis were discovered through a systems approach; for example, c-Myb was found to be critical for the erythroid versus megakaryocyte lineage decision by genome-wide loss-of-function studies. The regulation of the levels of these transcription factors is, for the most part, cell intrinsic, although that assumption has recently been challenged. Epigenetics also impacts megakaryocyte gene expression, mediated by histone acetylation and methylation. Several cytokines have been identified to regulate megakaryocyte survival, proliferation, and differentiation, most prominent of which is thrombopoietin. Upon binding to its receptor, the product of the c-Mpl proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin induces a conformational change that activates a number of secondary messengers that promote cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation, and down-modulate receptor signaling. Among the best studied are the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins; phosphoinositol-3-kinase; mitogen-activated protein kinases; the phosphatases PTEN, SHP1, SHP2, and SHIP1; and the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. Additional signals activated by these secondary mediators include mammalian target of rapamycin; β(beta)-catenin; the G proteins Rac1, Rho, and CDC42; several transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(alpha), the homeobox-containing proteins HOXB4 and HOXA9, and a number of signaling mediators that are reduced, including glycogen synthase kinase 3α(alpha) and the FOXO3 family of forkhead proteins. More recently, systematic interrogation of several aspects of megakaryocyte formation have been conducted, employing genomics, proteomics, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses, among others, and have yielded many previously unappreciated signaling mechanisms that regulate megakaryocyte lineage determination, proliferation, and differentiation. This chapter focuses on these pathways in normal and neoplastic megakaryopoiesis, and suggests areas that are ripe for further study.
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Thrombopoietin promotes NHEJ DNA repair in hematopoietic stem cells through specific activation of Erk and NF-κB pathways and their target, IEX-1. Blood 2013; 123:509-19. [PMID: 24184684 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-515874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and increased risk of developing hematopoietic malignancies are severe and concerning complications of anticancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We have previously shown that thrombopoietin (TPO), a critical HSC regulator, ensures HSC chromosomal integrity and function in response to γ-irradiation by regulating their DNA-damage response. TPO directly affects the double-strand break (DSB) repair machinery through increased DNA-protein kinase (DNA-PK) phosphorylation and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair efficiency and fidelity. This effect is not shared by other HSC growth factors, suggesting that TPO triggers a specific signal in HSCs facilitating DNA-PK activation upon DNA damage. The discovery of these unique signaling pathways will provide a means of enhancing TPO-desirable effects on HSCs and improving the safety of anticancer DNA agents. We show here that TPO specifically triggers Erk and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways in mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Both of these pathways are required for a TPO-mediated increase in DSB repair. They cooperate to induce and activate the early stress-response gene, Iex-1 (ier3), upon DNA damage. Iex-1 forms a complex with pERK and the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK, which is necessary and sufficient to promote TPO-increased DNA-PK activation and NHEJ DSB repair in both mouse and human HSPCs.
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Yamamoto K, Tsuzuki S, Minami Y, Yamamoto Y, Abe A, Ohshima K, Seto M, Naoe T. Functionally deregulated AML1/RUNX1 cooperates with BCR-ABL to induce a blastic phase-like phenotype of chronic myelogenous leukemia in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74864. [PMID: 24098673 PMCID: PMC3787010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients in the chronic phase (CP) of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have been treated successfully following the advent of ABL kinase inhibitors, but once they progress to the blast crisis (BC) phase the prognosis becomes dismal. Although mechanisms underlying the progression are largely unknown, recent studies revealed the presence of alterations of key molecules for hematopoiesis, such as AML1/RUNX1. Our analysis of 13 BC cases revealed that three cases had AML1 mutations and the transcript levels of wild-type (wt.) AML1 were elevated in BC compared with CP. Functional analysis of representative AML1 mutants using mouse hematopoietic cells revealed the possible contribution of some, but not all, mutants for the BC-phenotype. Specifically, K83Q and R139G, but neither R80C nor D171N mutants, conferred upon BCR-ABL-expressing cells a growth advantage over BCR-ABL-alone control cells in cytokine-free culture, and the cells thus grown killed mice upon intravenous transfer. Unexpectedly, wt.AML1 behaved similarly to K83Q and R139G mutants. In a bone marrow transplantation assay, K83Q and wt.AML1s induced the emergence of blast-like cells. The overall findings suggest the roles of altered functions of AML1 imposed by some, but not all, mutants, and the elevated expression of wt.AML1 for the disease progression of CML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blast Crisis/metabolism
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Blotting, Western
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Flow Cytometry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation, Missense/genetics
- Phenotype
- Plasmids/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiya Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akihiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Ramsey H, Zhang Q, Brown DE, Steensma DP, Lin CP, Wu MX. Stress-induced hematopoietic failure in the absence of immediate early response gene X-1 (IEX-1, IER3). Haematologica 2013; 99:282-91. [PMID: 24056813 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.092452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the immediate early response gene X-1 (IEX-1, IER3) is diminished significantly in hematopoietic stem cells in a subgroup of patients with early stage myelodysplastic syndromes, but it is not clear whether the deregulation contributes to the disease. The current study demonstrates increased apoptosis and a concomitant decrease in the number of hematopoietic stem cells lacking this early response gene. Null mutation of the gene also impeded platelet differentiation and shortened a lifespan of red blood cells. When bone marrow cells deficient in the gene were transplanted into wild-type mice, the deficient stem cells produced significantly fewer circulating platelets and red blood cells, despite their enhanced repopulation capability. Moreover, after exposure to a non-myeloablative dose of radiation, absence of the gene predisposed to thrombocytopenia, a significant decline in red blood cells, and dysplastic bone marrow morphology, typical characteristics of myelodysplastic syndromes. These findings highlight a previously unappreciated role for this early response gene in multiple differentiation steps within hematopoiesis, including thrombopoiesis, erythropoiesis and in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. The deficient mice offer a novel model for studying the initiation and progression of myelodysplastic syndromes as well as strategies to prevent this disorder.
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18
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Wu MX, Ustyugova IV, Han L, Akilov OE. Immediate early response gene X-1, a potential prognostic biomarker in cancers. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:593-606. [PMID: 23379921 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.768234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The immediate early response gene X-1 (IEX-1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. Deregulation of IEX-1 expression has been confirmed in multiple cancers in humans, in association with either poor or better prognosis depending on the type and progression stages of the cancer. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes clinical studies of altered IEX-1 expression in ovarian, pancreatic, blood, breast and colorectal cancers, lymphoma and myeloma. The authors also outline the current understandings of the complex functions of IEX-1 gained from studies with animal models and tumor cell lines so as to help us comprehend the significance of the clinical findings. EXPERT OPINION IEX-1 holds great promise to be a valuable biomarker, either alone or in combination with other genes, for monitoring progression of some cancers. IEX-1 expression is highly sensitive to environmental cues and distinct between normal and cancer cells. However, use of IEX-1 as a biomarker remains a significant challenge because too little is understood about the mechanism underlying the diverse activities of IEX-1 and a standardized clinical assay for IEX-1 detection and validation of clinical results across different studies are still critically lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei X Wu
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology , Edwards 222, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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de Laval B, Pawlikowska P, Petit-Cocault L, Bilhou-Nabera C, Aubin-Houzelstein G, Souyri M, Pouzoulet F, Gaudry M, Porteu F. Thrombopoietin-Increased DNA-PK-Dependent DNA Repair Limits Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Mutagenesis in Response to DNA Damage. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Limb JK, Song D, Jeon M, Han SY, Han G, Jhon GJ, Bae YS, Kim J. 2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl (R)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-2-stearamidopropyl phosphate promotes megakaryocytic differentiation of myeloid leukaemia cells and primary human CD34⁺ haematopoietic stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:435-46. [PMID: 23166016 DOI: 10.1002/term.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study we showed that 2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl (R)-3-methoxy-3-oxo-2-stearamidopropyl phosphate [(R)-TEMOSPho], a derivative of an organic chemical identified from a natural product library, promotes highly efficient differentiation of megakaryocytes. Specifically, (R)-TEMOSPho induces cell cycle arrest, cell size increase and polyploidization from K562 and HEL cells, which are used extensively to model megakaryocytic differentiation. In addition, megakaryocyte-specific cell surface markers showed a dramatic increase in expression in response to (R)-TEMOSPho treatment. Importantly, we demonstrated that such megakaryocytic differentiation can also be induced from primary human CD34(+) haematopoietic stem cells. Activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway and, to a lesser extent, the MEK-ERK pathway appears to be required for this process, as blocking with specific inhibitors interferes with the differentiation of K562 cells. A subset of (R)-TEMOSPho-treated K562 cells undergoes spontaneous apoptosis and produces platelets that are apparently functional, as they bind to fibrinogen, express P-selectin and aggregate in response to SFLLRN and AYPGFK, the activating peptides for the PAR1 and PAR4 receptors, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that (R)-TEMOSPho will be useful for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of megakaryocytic differentiation, and that this class of compounds represents potential therapeutic reagents for thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyung Limb
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Centre for Cell Signalling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry and Division of Nano Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Varshney B, Agnihotram S, Tan YJ, Baric R, Lal SK. SARS coronavirus 3b accessory protein modulates transcriptional activity of RUNX1b. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29542. [PMID: 22253733 PMCID: PMC3257236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome encodes several unique group specific accessory proteins with unknown functions. Among them, accessory protein 3b (also known as ORF4) was lately identified as one of the viral interferon antagonist. Recently our lab uncovered a new role for 3b in upregulation of AP-1 transcriptional activity and its downstream genes. Thus, we believe that 3b might play an important role in SARS-CoV pathogenesis and therefore is of considerable interest. The current study aims at identifying novel host cellular interactors of the 3b protein. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, using yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation techniques, we have identified a host transcription factor RUNX1b (Runt related transcription factor, isoform b) as a novel interacting partner for SARS-CoV 3b protein. Chromatin immunoprecipitaion (ChIP) and reporter gene assays in 3b expressing jurkat cells showed recruitment of 3b on the RUNX1 binding element that led to an increase in RUNX1b transactivation potential on the IL2 promoter. Kinase assay and pharmacological inhibitor treatment implied that 3b also affect RUNX1b transcriptional activity by regulating its ERK dependent phosphorylation levels. Additionally, mRNA levels of MIP-1α, a RUNX1b target gene upregulated in SARS-CoV infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells, were found to be elevated in 3b expressing U937 monocyte cells. Conclusions/Significance These results unveil a novel interaction of SARS-CoV 3b with the host factor, RUNX1b, and speculate its physiological relevance in upregulating cytokines and chemokine levels in state of SARS virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Varshney
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhakar Agnihotram
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yee-Joo Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sunil K. Lal
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Arlt A, Schäfer H. Role of the immediate early response 3 (IER3) gene in cellular stress response, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 90:545-52. [PMID: 21112119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the early response gene immediate early response 3 (IER3), formerly known as IEX-1, is induced by a great variety of stimuli, such as growth factors, cytokines, ionizing radiation, viral infection and other types of cellular stress. Being of a rather unique protein structure not sharing any similarity to other vertebrate proteins, IER3 plays a complex and to some extent contradictory role in cell cycle control and apoptosis. As outlined in this review, these effects of IER3 relate to an interference with certain signalling pathways, in particular NF-κB, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt. In addition to numerous functional data relying on cell culture based studies, transgenic and knock-out mouse models revealed an involvement of IER3 expression in immune functions and in the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Deficiency of IER3 expression in mice results in an aberrant immune regulation and enhanced inflammation, in an alteration of blood pressure control and hypertension or in an impaired genomic stability. A number of patient related studies revealed an involvement of IER3 in tumorigenesis in a cell-type dependent but not yet understood manner. Future studies should establish the potential of IER3 as a new predictive marker and as a molecular target in human diseases such as cancer, inflammatory diseases or hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Arlt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Bldg. 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Pawlikowska P, Leray I, de Laval B, Guihard S, Kumar R, Rosselli F, Porteu F. ATM-dependent expression of IEX-1 controls nuclear accumulation of Mcl-1 and the DNA damage response. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1739-50. [PMID: 20467439 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The early-response gene product IEX-1 (also known as IER3) was recently found to interact with the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1). In this study we show that this interaction specifically and timely controls the accumulation of Mcl-1 in the nucleus in response to DNA damage. The IEX-1 protein is rapidly induced by γ-irradiation, genotoxic agents or replication inhibitors, in a way dependent on ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activity and is necessary for Mcl-1 nuclear translocation. Conversely, IEX-1 protein proteasomal degradation triggers the return of Mcl-1 to the cytosol. IEX-1 and Mcl-1 are integral components of the DNA damage response. Loss of IEX-1 or Mcl-1 leads to genomic instability and increased sensitivity to genotoxic and replicative stresses. The two proteins cooperate to maintain Chk1 activation and G2 checkpoint arrest. Mcl-1 nuclear translocation may foster checkpoint and improve the tumor resistance to DNA damage-based cancer therapies. Deciphering the pathways involved in IEX-1 degradation should lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets to increase sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy.
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Benayoun BA, Caburet S, Dipietromaria A, Georges A, D'Haene B, Pandaranayaka PJE, L'Hôte D, Todeschini AL, Krishnaswamy S, Fellous M, De Baere E, Veitia RA. Functional exploration of the adult ovarian granulosa cell tumor-associated somatic FOXL2 mutation p.Cys134Trp (c.402C>G). PLoS One 2010; 5:e8789. [PMID: 20098707 PMCID: PMC2808356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The somatic mutation in the FOXL2 gene c.402C>G (p.Cys134Trp) has recently been identified in the vast majority of adult ovarian granulosa cell tumors (OGCTs) studied. In addition, this mutation seems to be specific to adult OGCTs and is likely to be a driver of malignant transformation. However, its pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. Methodology/Principal Findings We have sequenced the FOXL2 open reading frame in a panel of tumor cell lines (NCI-60, colorectal carcinoma cell lines, JEG-3, and KGN cells). We found the FOXL2 c.402C>G mutation in the adult OGCT-derived KGN cell line. All other cell lines analyzed were negative for the mutation. In order to gain insights into the pathogenic mechanism of the p.Cys134Trp mutation, the subcellular localization and mobility of the mutant protein were studied and found to be no different from those of the wild type (WT). Furthermore, its transactivation ability was in most cases similar to that of the WT protein, including in conditions of oxidative stress. A notable exception was an artificial promoter known to be coregulated by FOXL2 and Smad3, suggesting a potential modification of their interaction. We generated a 3D structural model of the p.Cys134Trp variant and our analysis suggests that homodimer formation might also be disturbed by the mutation. Conclusions/Significance Here, we confirm the specificity of the FOXL2 c.402C>G mutation in adult OGCTs and begin the exploration of its molecular significance. This is the first study demonstrating that the p.Cys134Trp mutant does not have a strong impact on FOXL2 localization, solubility, and transactivation abilities on a panel of proven target promoters, behaving neither as a dominant-negative nor as a loss-of-function mutation. Further studies are required to understand the specific molecular effects of this outstanding FOXL2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice A. Benayoun
- Programme de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot/Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Caburet
- Programme de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot/Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Dipietromaria
- Programme de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot/Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Georges
- Programme de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot/Paris 7, Paris, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Barbara D'Haene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - David L'Hôte
- Programme de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot/Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Todeschini
- Programme de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot/Paris 7, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Fellous
- Département de Génétique et Développement, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reiner A. Veitia
- Programme de Pathologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot/Paris 7, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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25
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Séverin S, Ghevaert C, Mazharian A. The mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways: role in megakaryocyte differentiation. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:17-26. [PMID: 19874462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryopoiesis is a process by which bone marrow progenitor cells develop into mature megakaryocytes (MKs), which in turn produce platelets required for normal hemostasis. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family comprises four main groups of proteins: extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs) (ERK1/2 or p44/p42), ERK5, p38MAPKs (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) and c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) (JNK 1, 2, 3). These intracellular signaling pathways play a pivotal role in many essential cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge on the role of MAPKs in MKs, specifically regarding differentiation in immortalized cell lines and primary MKs. A critical role of the MEK (MAPK kinase)-ERK1/2 pathway in MK development has been demonstrated although the details remain controversial. There is at present no functional evidence for a role of p38MAPKs whereas the role of JNKs and ERK5 in MK development is not known. Characterization of these molecular event cascades remains crucial for the understanding of the megakaryopoiesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Séverin
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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26
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Steensma DP, Neiger JD, Porcher JC, Keats JJ, Bergsagel PL, Dennis TR, Knudson RA, Jenkins RB, Santana-Davila R, Kumar R, Ketterling RP. Rearrangements and amplification of IER3 (IEX-1) represent a novel and recurrent molecular abnormality in myelodysplastic syndromes. Cancer Res 2009; 69:7518-23. [PMID: 19773435 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IER3 (formerly IEX-1) encodes a 27-kDa glycoprotein that regulates death receptor-induced apoptosis, interacts with NF-kappaB pathways, and increases expression rapidly in response to cellular stresses such as irradiation. Animal models, gene expression microarray experiments, and functional studies in cell lines have suggested a potential role for IER3 in oncogenesis, but, to date, no abnormalities of IER3 at the DNA level have been reported in patients with neoplasia. Here, we describe breakpoint cloning of a t(6;9)(p21;q34) translocation from a patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), facilitated by conversion technology and array-based comparative genomic hybridization, which revealed a rearrangement translocating the IER3 coding region away from critical flanking/regulatory elements and to a transcript-poor chromosomal region, markedly decreasing expression. Using split-signal and locus-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes, we analyzed 204 patients with diverse hematological malignancies accompanied by clonal chromosome 6p21 abnormalities, and found 8 additional patients with MDS with IER3 rearrangements (translocations or amplification). Although FISH studies on 157 additional samples from patients with MDS and a normal-karyotype were unrevealing, and sequencing the IER3 coding and proximal promoter regions of 74 MDS patients disclosed no point mutations, reverse transcription-PCR results suggested that dysregulated expression of IER3 is common in MDS (61% >4-fold increase or decrease in expression with decreased expression primarily in early MDS and increased expression primarily in later MDS progressing toward leukemia), consistent with findings in previous microarray experiments. These data support involvement of IER3 in the pathobiology of MDS.
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27
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Bluteau D, Lordier L, Di Stefano A, Chang Y, Raslova H, Debili N, Vainchenker W. Regulation of megakaryocyte maturation and platelet formation. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7 Suppl 1:227-34. [PMID: 19630806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Each day in every human, approximately 1 x 10(11) platelets are produced by the cytoplasmic fragmentation of megakaryocytes (MK), their marrow precursor cells. Platelets are the predominating factor in the process of hemostasis and thrombosis. Recent studies have shown that platelets also play a hitherto unsuspected role in several other processes such as inflammation, innate immunity, neoangiogenesis and tumor metastasis. The late phases of MK differentiation identified by polyploidization, maturation and organized fragmentation of the cytoplasm leading to the release of platelets in the blood stream represent a unique model of differentiation. The molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating platelet biogenesis are better understood and may explain several platelet disorders. This review focuses on MK polyploidization, and platelet formation, and discusses their alteration in some platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bluteau
- INSERM, U790, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, Villejuif, France
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28
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Abstract
The molecular pathways that regulate thrombopoiesis are becoming increasingly understood. Upon binding to its receptor, the product of the c-Mpl proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin activates a number of secondary messengers that promote cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Amongst the best studied are the signal transducers and activators of transcription, phosphoinositol-3-kinase, and the mitogen-activated protein kinases. Additional signals activated by these secondary mediators include mammalian target of rapamycin, beta-catenin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and the homeobox proteins HOXB4 and HOXA9, and a number that are reduced, including glycogen synthase kinase 3alpha and the FOXO3 family of forkhead proteins. More recently, a number of signaling pathways have been identified that turn the thrombopoietin signal off, a step necessary to avoid uncontrolled myeloproliferation, and include the phosphatases PTEN, SHP1 and SHIP1, the suppressors of cytokine signaling, and down-modulation of surface expression of c-Mpl. This review will focus on these pathways in normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaushansky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0671, USA.
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29
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Wang L, Huang G, Zhao X, Hatlen MA, Vu L, Liu F, Nimer SD. Post-translational modifications of Runx1 regulate its activity in the cell. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2009; 43:30-4. [PMID: 19386523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this report we review the current knowledge of the interaction of RUNX1(AML1) with serine/threonine kinases, lysine and arginine methyltransferases, lysine acetyltransferases, and histone deacetylases. We also discuss the effect of RUNX1-ETO fusion gene on DNA methylation. RUNX1 post-transcriptional modification can affect its role in influencing differentiation and self-renewal of hematopoietic cells. The goal of these studies is to develop targets for improved leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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30
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Benayoun BA, Dipietromaria A, Bazin C, Veitia RA. FOXL2: at the crossroads of female sex determination and ovarian function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 665:207-26. [PMID: 20429427 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1599-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The gene FOXL2 encodes a forkhead transcription factor whose mutations are responsible for the blepharophimosis ptosis epicanthus-inversus syndrome. This genetic disorder is characterized by eyelid and mild craniofacial abnormalities often in association with premature ovarian failure. FOXL2 orthologs are found throughout the animal phylum and its sequence is highly conserved in vertebrates. FOXL2 is one of the earliest ovarian markers and it offers, alongwith its targets, a model to study ovarian development and function. In this chapter, we review recent data concemingits mutations, targets, regulation and functions. Studies of the cellular consequences of FOXL2 mutations seem to indicate that aggregation is a common pathogenic mechanism. However, no reliable genotype/phenotype correlation has been established to predict the exact impact of point mutations in the coding region of FOXL2. FOXL2 has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, steroid metabolism, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species detoxification and inflammation processes. Interestingly, all these processes are not equally affected by FOXL2 mutations. The elucidation of the impact of the FOXL2 function in the ovary will allow a better understanding of normal ovarian development and function as well as the pathogenic mechanisms underlying BPES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice A Benayoun
- Institut Jacques Monod, Bâtiment Buffon, 15 rue Hélèna Brion, 75205 Paris Cx 13, France
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31
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Abstract
The transcription factor GATA-1 participates in programming the differentiation of multiple hematopoietic lineages. In megakaryopoiesis, loss of GATA-1 function produces complex developmental abnormalities and underlies the pathogenesis of megakaryocytic leukemia in Down syndrome. Its distinct functions in megakaryocyte and erythroid maturation remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identified functional and physical interaction of GATA-1 with components of the positive transcriptional elongation factor P-TEFb, a complex containing cyclin T1 and the cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (Cdk9). Megakaryocytic induction was associated with dynamic changes in endogenous P-TEFb composition, including recruitment of GATA-1 and dissociation of HEXIM1, a Cdk9 inhibitor. shRNA knockdowns and pharmacologic inhibition both confirmed contribution of Cdk9 activity to megakaryocytic differentiation. In mice with megakaryocytic GATA-1 deficiency, Cdk9 inhibition produced a fulminant but reversible megakaryoblastic disorder reminiscent of the transient myeloproliferative disorder of Down syndrome. P-TEFb has previously been implicated in promoting elongation of paused RNA polymerase II and in programming hypertrophic differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Our results offer evidence for P-TEFb cross-talk with GATA-1 in megakaryocytic differentiation, a program with parallels to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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32
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Arlt A, Rosenstiel P, Kruse ML, Grohmann F, Minkenberg J, Perkins ND, Fölsch UR, Schreiber S, Schäfer H. IEX-1 directly interferes with RelA/p65 dependent transactivation and regulation of apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1783:941-52. [PMID: 18191642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The early response gene IEX-1 plays a complex role in the regulation of apoptosis. Depending on the cellular context and the apoptotic stimulus, IEX-1 is capable to either enhance or suppress apoptosis. To further dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of apoptosis by IEX-1, we analysed the molecular crosstalk between IEX-1 and the NF-kappaB pathway. Using GST-pulldown assays, a direct interaction of IEX-1 with the C-terminal region of the subunit RelA/p65 harbouring the transactivation domain of the NF-kappaB transcription factor was shown. This interaction negatively regulates RelA/p65 dependent transactivation as shown by GAL4-and luciferase assay and was confirmed for the endogenous proteins by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Using deletion constructs, we were able to map the C-terminal region of IEX-1 as the critical determinant of the interaction with RelA/p65. We could further show, that IEX-1 mediated NF-kappaB inhibition accounts for the reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic NF-kappaB target genes Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cIAP1 and cIAP2, thereby sensitizing cells for apoptotic stimuli. Finally, ChIP-assays revealed that IEX-1 associates with the promoter of these genes. Altogether, our findings suggest a critical role of IEX-1 in the NF-kappaB dependent regulation of apoptotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Arlt
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 1st Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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33
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Petit-Cocault L, Volle-Challier C, Fleury M, Péault B, Souyri M. Dual role of Mpl receptor during the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis. Development 2007; 134:3031-40. [PMID: 17634189 DOI: 10.1242/dev.001818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine signaling pathways are important in promoting hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Mpl receptor and its ligand, TPO, have been shown to play an essential role in the early steps of adult hematopoiesis. We previously demonstrated that the cytoplasmic domain of Mpl promotes hematopoietic commitment of embryonic stem cells in vitro, and postulated that Mpl could be important in the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis. To answer this question, we investigated the temporal expression of Mpl during mouse development by in situ hybridization. We found Mpl expression in the HSCs clusters emerging in the AGM region, and in the fetal liver (FL) as early as E10.5. Using Mpl(-/-) mice, the functional relevance of Mpl expression was tested by comparing the hematopoietic progenitor (HP) content, long-term hematopoietic reconstitution (LTR) abilities and HSC content of control and Mpl(-/-) embryos at different times of development. In the AGM, we observed delayed production of HSCs endowed with normal LTR but presenting a self-renewal defect. During FL development, we detected a decrease in HP and HSC potential associated with a defect in amplification and self-renewal/survival of the lin(-) AA4.1(+) Sca1(+) population of HSCs. These results underline the dual role of Mpl in the generation and expansion of HSCs during establishment of definitive hematopoiesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/embryology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Endothelium, Vascular/embryology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Receptors, Thrombopoietin/genetics
- Receptors, Thrombopoietin/metabolism
- Receptors, Thrombopoietin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Petit-Cocault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U506, Villejuif, F-94807, France
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34
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Rocher G, Letourneux C, Lenormand P, Porteu F. Inhibition of B56-containing Protein Phosphatase 2As by the Early Response Gene IEX-1 Leads to Control of Akt Activity. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:5468-77. [PMID: 17200115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609712200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of PP2A in the regulation of Akt/PKB activity has long been recognized but the nature of the holoenzyme involved and the mechanisms controlling dephosphorylation are not yet known. We identified IEX-1, an early gene product with proliferative and survival activities, as a specific inhibitor of B56 regulatory subunit-containing PP2A. IEX-1 inhibits B56-PP2A activity by allowing the phosphorylation of B56 by ERK. This leads to sustained ERK activation. IEX-1 has no effect on PP2A containing other B family subunits. Thus, studying IEX-1 contribution to signaling should help the discovery of new pathways controlled by B56-PP2A. By using overexpression and RNA interference, we show here that IEX-1 increases Akt/PKB activity in response to various growth factors by preventing Akt dephosphorylation on both Thr(308) and Ser(473) residues. PP2A-B56beta and gamma subunits have the opposite effect and reverse IEX-1-mediated Akt activation. The effect of IEX-1 on Akt is ERK-dependent. Indeed: (i) a IEX-1 mutant deficient in ERK binding had no effect on Akt; (ii) ERK dominant-negative mutants reduced IEX-1-mediated increase in pAkt; (iii) a B56beta mutant that cannot be phosphorylated in the ERK.IEX-1 complex showed an enhanced ability to compete with IEX-1. These results identify B56-containing PP2A holoenzymes as Akt phosphatases. They suggest that IEX-1 behaves as a general inhibitor of B56 activity, enabling the control of both ERK and Akt signaling downstream of ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Rocher
- Institut Cochin, Department of Hematology, Paris F-75014, France
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