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Filip A, Taleb S, Bascetin R, Jahangiri M, Bardin M, Lerognon C, Fève B, Lacolley P, Jalkanen S, Mercier N. Increased atherosclerotic plaque in AOC3 knock-out in ApoE−/− mice and characterization of AOC3 in atherosclerotic human coronary arteries. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:848680. [PMID: 36176983 PMCID: PMC9513161 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.848680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) displays adhesion between leukocytes and endothelial cells and enzymatic functions. Given its controversial role in atherogenesis, we proposed to investigate the involvement of AOC3 in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE−/−AOC3−/− mice and human coronary arteries. Methods Lesions, contractile markers, and AOC3 were studied in aortic tissues from 15- and 25-week-old mice and different stages of human coronary atherosclerotic arteries by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or western blot. Human VSMCs, treated or not with LJP1586, an AOC3 inhibitor, were used to measure differentiation markers by qPCR. AOC3 co-localization with specific cell markers was studied by using confocal microscopy in mice and human samples. Results At 15 weeks old, the absence of AOC3 was associated with increased lesion size, α-SMA, and CD3 staining in the plaque independently of a cholesterol modification. At 25 weeks old, advanced plaques were larger with equivalent staining for α-SMA while CD3 increased in the media from ApoE−/−AOC3−/− mice. At both ages, the macrophage content of the lesion was not modified. Contractile markers decreased whereas MCP-1 appeared augmented only in the 15-week-old ApoE−/−AOC3. AOC3 is mainly expressed by mice and human VSMC is slightly expressed by endothelium but not by macrophages. Conclusion AOC3 knock-out increased atherosclerotic plaques at an early stage related to a VSMC dedifferentiation associated with a higher T cells recruitment in plaques explained by the MCP-1 augmentation. This suggests that AOC3 may have an important role in atherosclerosis independent of its canonical inflammatory effect. The dual role of AOC3 impacts therapeutic strategies using pharmacological regulators of SSAO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Filip
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Soraya Taleb
- Inserm UMR_S970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - Rümeyza Bascetin
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Mohammad Jahangiri
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Matthieu Bardin
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Cindy Lerognon
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, IHU ICAN, Service d'Endocrinologie, CRMR PRISIS, APHP Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Lacolley
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- Medicity Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nathalie Mercier
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
- *Correspondence: Nathalie Mercier
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Li F, Du Y, Hong L, Liu Z, Yan K, Liu C, Zhu Z, Lu Q, Tang C, Zhu L. Single‐cell transcriptional profiling of human carotid plaques reveals a subpopulation of endothelial cells associated with stroke incidences. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3446-3459. [PMID: 35527426 PMCID: PMC9189335 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The differences in plaque histology between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients have been widely accepted. Whether there is a heterogeneity of cells between symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques remains largely unclear. To reveal the potential heterogeneity within different plaques, which may contribute to different stroke incidences, we obtained the scRNA‐seq data from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and identified eight cell types present in plaques. Further analysis of endothelial cells (ECs) revealed three distinct EC subpopulations appeared to be endowed with specific biological functions such as antigen processing and presentation, cell adhesion, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Of note, the differentially expressed genes of the EC 2 subpopulation showed that the genes involved in cell adhesion were up‐regulated in asymptomatic plaques compared to symptomatic plaques. Integrating the data of intraplaque haemorrhage and plaque stability, the 5th top‐enriched biological process was cell adhesion in the stable or non‐haemorrhaged plaques compared to unstable plaques or haemorrhaged plaques. Among these cell adhesion‐related genes, the intersection gene AOC3 may play a vital role in plaque haemorrhage and plaque stability. Targeting cell adhesion and the specialized genes may provide potential new therapeutic directions to prevent asymptomatic patients from stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchan Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Yun Du
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Lei Hong
- Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Anhui China
| | - Ziting Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Kunmin Yan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Chu Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Qiongyu Lu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Suzhou Key Laboratory of thrombosis and vascular diseases Soochow University Suzhou China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
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3
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Amelio GS, Provitera L, Raffaeli G, Tripodi M, Amodeo I, Gulden S, Cortesi V, Manzoni F, Cervellini G, Tomaselli A, Pravatà V, Garrido F, Villamor E, Mosca F, Cavallaro G. Endothelial dysfunction in preterm infants: The hidden legacy of uteroplacental pathologies. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1041919. [PMID: 36405831 PMCID: PMC9671930 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1041919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of infants are born prematurely every year worldwide. Prematurity, particularly at lower gestational ages, is associated with high mortality and morbidity and is a significant global health burden. Pregnancy complications and preterm birth syndrome strongly impact neonatal clinical phenotypes and outcomes. The vascular endothelium is a pivotal regulator of fetal growth and development. In recent years, the key role of uteroplacental pathologies impairing endothelial homeostasis is emerging. Conditions leading to very and extremely preterm birth can be classified into two main pathophysiological patterns or endotypes: infection/inflammation and dysfunctional placentation. The first is frequently related to chorioamnionitis, whereas the second is commonly associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal growth restriction. The nature, timing, and extent of prenatal noxa may alter fetal and neonatal endothelial phenotype and functions. Changes in the luminal surface, oxidative stress, growth factors imbalance, and dysregulation of permeability and vascular tone are the leading causes of endothelial dysfunction in preterm infants. However, the available evidence regarding endothelial physiology and damage is limited in neonates compared to adults. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge on endothelial dysfunction in the infectious/inflammatory and dysfunctional placentation endotypes of prematurity, summarizing their molecular features, available biomarkers, and clinical impact. Furthermore, knowledge gaps, shadows, and future research perspectives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Simeone Amelio
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Provitera
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Raffaeli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Tripodi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Amodeo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gulden
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cortesi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Manzoni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Cervellini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tomaselli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Pravatà
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Felipe Garrido
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cavallaro
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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4
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Torre P, Motta BM, Sciorio R, Masarone M, Persico M. Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in MAFLD: Role of the Hepatic Immune System. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:781567. [PMID: 34957156 PMCID: PMC8695879 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.781567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the definition recently proposed to better circumscribe the spectrum of conditions long known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that range from simple steatosis without inflammation to more advanced liver diseases. The progression of MAFLD, as well as other chronic liver diseases, toward cirrhosis, is driven by hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis. The latter, result of a “chronic wound healing reaction,” is a dynamic process, and the understanding of its underlying pathophysiological events has increased in recent years. Fibrosis progresses in a microenvironment where it takes part an interplay between fibrogenic cells and many other elements, including some cells of the immune system with an underexplored or still unclear role in liver diseases. Some therapeutic approaches, also acting on the immune system, have been probed over time to evaluate their ability to improve inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD, but to date no drug has been approved to treat this condition. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of the liver immune system in the progression of NAFLD, and on therapies under study that aim to counter the immune substrate of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Torre
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Benedetta Maria Motta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberta Sciorio
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Masarone
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marcello Persico
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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5
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Kumar A, Bhatia M. Role of Hydrogen Sulfide, Substance P and Adhesion Molecules in Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212136. [PMID: 34830018 PMCID: PMC8622943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural response to tissue injury. Uncontrolled inflammatory response leads to inflammatory disease. Acute pancreatitis is one of the main reasons for hospitalization amongst gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. It has been demonstrated that endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter and substance P, a neuropeptide, are involved in the inflammatory process in acute pancreatitis. Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are key players in inflammatory disease. Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily, selectins, and integrins are involved at different steps of leukocyte migration from blood to the site of injury. When the endothelial cells get activated, the CAMs are upregulated which leads to them interacting with leukocytes. This review summarizes our current understanding of the roles H2S, substance P and adhesion molecules play in acute pancreatitis.
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6
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van der Krogt JMA, van Binsbergen WH, van der Laken CJ, Tas SW. Novel positron emission tomography tracers for imaging of rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102764. [PMID: 33476822 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging modality that relies on visualization of molecular targets in tissues, which is nowadays combined with a structural imaging modality such as computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and referred to as hybrid PET imaging. This technique allows to image specific immunological targets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Moreover, quantification of the PET signal enables highly sensitive monitoring of therapeutic effects on the molecular target. PET may also aid in stratification of the immuno-phenotype at baseline in order to develop personalized therapy. In this systematic review we will provide an overview of novel PET tracers, investigated in the context of RA, either pre-clinically, or clinically, that specifically visualize immune cells or stromal cells, as well as other factors and processes that contribute to pathology. The potential of these tracers in RA diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prediction of treatment outcome will be discussed. In addition, novel PET tracers established within the field of oncology that may be of use in RA will also be reviewed in order to expand the future opportunities of PET imaging in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M A van der Krogt
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter H van Binsbergen
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Conny J van der Laken
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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7
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Choudhury SR, Babes L, Rahn JJ, Ahn BY, Goring KAR, King JC, Lau A, Petri B, Hao X, Chojnacki AK, Thanabalasuriar A, McAvoy EF, Tabariès S, Schraeder C, Patel KD, Siegel PM, Kopciuk KA, Schriemer DC, Muruve DA, Kelly MM, Yipp BG, Kubes P, Robbins SM, Senger DL. Dipeptidase-1 Is an Adhesion Receptor for Neutrophil Recruitment in Lungs and Liver. Cell 2020; 178:1205-1221.e17. [PMID: 31442408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark feature of inflammation is the orchestrated recruitment of neutrophils from the bloodstream into inflamed tissue. Although selectins and integrins mediate recruitment in many tissues, they have a minimal role in the lungs and liver. Exploiting an unbiased in vivo functional screen, we identified a lung and liver homing peptide that functionally abrogates neutrophil recruitment to these organs. Using biochemical, genetic, and confocal intravital imaging approaches, we identified dipeptidase-1 (DPEP1) as the target and established its role as a physical adhesion receptor for neutrophil sequestration independent of its enzymatic activity. Importantly, genetic ablation or functional peptide blocking of DPEP1 significantly reduced neutrophil recruitment to the lungs and liver and provided improved survival in models of endotoxemia. Our data establish DPEP1 as a major adhesion receptor on the lung and liver endothelium and identify a therapeutic target for neutrophil-driven inflammatory diseases of the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Roy Choudhury
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Liane Babes
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jennifer J Rahn
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bo-Young Ahn
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kimberly-Ann R Goring
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jennifer C King
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Arthur Lau
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Björn Petri
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xiaoguang Hao
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Andrew K Chojnacki
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ajitha Thanabalasuriar
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Erin F McAvoy
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sébastien Tabariès
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Christoph Schraeder
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kamala D Patel
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Karen A Kopciuk
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - David C Schriemer
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Daniel A Muruve
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Margaret M Kelly
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bryan G Yipp
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Stephen M Robbins
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Donna L Senger
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Abstract
Significance: Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an ectoenzyme that oxidates primary amines in a reaction producing also hydrogen peroxide. VAP-1 on the blood vessel endothelium regulates leukocyte extravasation from the blood into tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent Advances: Inhibition of VAP-1 by neutralizing antibodies and by several novel small-molecule enzyme inhibitors interferes with leukocyte trafficking and alleviates inflammation in many experimental models. Targeting of VAP-1 also shows beneficial effects in several other diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion, fibrosis, and cancer. Moreover, soluble VAP-1 levels may serve as a new prognostic biomarker in selected diseases. Critical Issues: Understanding the contribution of the enzyme activity-independent and enzyme activity-dependent functions, which often appear to be mediated by the hydrogen peroxide production, in the VAP-1 biology will be crucial. Similarly, there is a pressing need to understand which of the VAP-1 functions are regulated through the modulation of leukocyte trafficking, and what is the role of VAP-1 synthesized in adipose and smooth muscle cells. Future Directions: The specificity and selectivity of new VAP-1 inhibitors, and their value in animal models under therapeutic settings need to be addressed. Results from several programs studying the therapeutic potential of VAP-1 inhibition, which now are in clinical trials, will reveal the relevance of this amine oxidase in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Salmi
- 1 MediCity , Turku, Finland .,2 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- 1 MediCity , Turku, Finland .,2 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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9
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Expression of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in articular cartilage: its role in terminal differentiation of chondrocytes in rat and human. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1223-34. [PMID: 26851450 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) catalyzes the oxidation of primary amines into ammonia and reactive species (hydrogen peroxide, aldehydes). It is highly expressed in mammalian tissues, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells and adipocytes, where it plays a role in cell differentiation and glucose transport. The study aims at characterizing the expression and the activity of SSAO in rat and human articular cartilage of the knee, and to investigate its potential role in chondrocyte terminal differentiation. DESIGN SSAO expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Enzyme activity was measured using radiolabeled benzylamine as a substrate. Primary cell cultures of rat chondrocytes were treated for 21 days by a specific SSAO inhibitor, LJP 1586. Terminal chondrocyte differentiation markers were quantified by RT-qPCR. The basal and IL1β-stimulated glucose transport was monitored by the entrance of (3)[H]2-deoxyglucose in chondrocytes. RESULTS SSAO was expressed in chondrocytes of rat and human articular cartilage. SSAO expression was significantly enhanced during the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes characterized by an increase in MMP13 and in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expressions. SSAO inhibition delayed the late stage of chondrocyte differentiation without cell survival alteration and diminished the basal and IL1β-stimulated glucose transport. Interestingly, SSAO activity was strongly increased in human osteoarthritic cartilage. CONCLUSIONS SSAO was expressed as an active form in rat and human cartilage. The results suggest the involvement of SSAO in rat chondrocyte terminal differentiation via a modulation of the glucose transport. In man, the increased SSAO activity detected in osteoarthritic patients may trigger hypertrophy and cartilage degeneration.
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10
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Matheis N, Lantz M, Grus FH, Ponto KA, Wolters D, Brorson H, Planck T, Shahida B, Pitz S, Pfeiffer N, Kahaly GJ. Proteomics of Orbital Tissue in Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E1523-30. [PMID: 26451909 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A potentially altered protein expression profile in orbital tissue from patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is suspected. OBJECTIVE To detect for the first time changes in proteomic patterns of orbital connective tissue in TAO and compare these with control tissue using mass spectrometry. DESIGN Proteomics cross-sectional, comparative study. SETTING Two academic endocrine institutions. SAMPLES A total of 64 orbital and peripheral adipose tissue samples were collected from 39 patients with TAO and 25 control subjects. METHODS Samples were analyzed and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean intensity values of all identified peptides per protein. RESULTS Thirty-one proteins were identified, of which 16 differentiated between controls and patients with TAO. Different protein patterns between orbital and peripheral adipose tissue were observed. Compared to controls, 10 proteins were markedly up-regulated (≥ 2-fold) in the orbital tissue of untreated patients: beta IV spectrin (6.2-fold), GTP binding G protein 2 (5.6-fold), POTE ankyrin domain family member F (5.4-fold), xylulokinase (4.1-fold), kinesin family member 1A and lipocalin 1 (both 3.6-fold), semicarbazide-sensitive metalloproteinase amine oxidase 3 and polymerase I transcript release factor (both 3.4-fold), cell-cycle protein elongin A binding protein 1 (3.3-fold), annexin A2 and cavin (both 3-fold), protein pointing to cell proliferation histone H4 (2.8-fold), and ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 14 (2.7-fold). The highest protein up-regulations were noted in the orbital tissue of medically untreated patients. Steroid therapy markedly reduced up-regulation of these proteins, foremost in nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Proteins involved in tissue inflammation, adipose tissue differentiation, lipid metabolism, and tissue remodeling were up-regulated in orbital tissue of untreated patients with TAO. Steroids decreased the expression of these proteins, whereas smoking attenuated such effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Matheis
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Lantz
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - F H Grus
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - K A Ponto
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - D Wolters
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Brorson
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Planck
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - B Shahida
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Pitz
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - N Pfeiffer
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - G J Kahaly
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
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Pannecoeck R, Serruys D, Benmeridja L, Delanghe JR, van Geel N, Speeckaert R, Speeckaert MM. Vascular adhesion protein-1: Role in human pathology and application as a biomarker. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 52:284-300. [PMID: 26287391 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a member of the copper-containing amine oxidase/semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (AOC/SSAO) enzyme family. SSAO enzymes catalyze oxidative deamination of primary amines, which results in the production of the corresponding aldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and ammonium. VAP-1 is continuously expressed as a transmembrane glycoprotein in the vascular wall during development and facilitates the accumulation of inflammatory cells into the inflamed environment in concert with other leukocyte adhesion molecules. The soluble form of VAP-1 is released into the circulation mainly from vascular endothelial cells. Over- and under-expression of sVAP-1 result in alterations of the reported reaction product levels, which are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases. The combination of enzymatic and adhesion capacities as well as its strong association with inflammatory pathologies makes VAP-1 an interesting therapeutic target for drug discovery. In this article, we will review the general characteristics and biological functions of VAP-1, focusing on its important role as a prognostic biomarker in human pathologies. In addition, the potential therapeutic application of VAP-1 inhibitors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nanja van Geel
- c Department of Dermatology , Ghent University Hospital , Gent , Belgium
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12
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Auvinen K, Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Expression and function of endothelial selectins during human development. Immunology 2014; 143:406-15. [PMID: 24831412 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucocyte trafficking is vital for the immune defence. In adults, early tethering and rolling interactions between leucocytes and endothelial cells are mediated by P-, E- and L-selectins and their ligands. In contrast, the role of selectins in migration of mononuclear cells during fetal development in humans remains unknown. We studied the functions of endothelial E- and P-selectins and their counter-receptors during human ontogeny. Immunohistochemical stainings showed that P-selectin is expressed in megakaryocytes and endothelial cells starting from gestational weeks 7 and 11, respectively. Endothelial E-selectin appeared latest, at week 32. Real-time imaging using in vitro flow chamber assays showed that cord blood mononuclear leucocytes used E-, P- and L-selectin and PSGL-1 to roll on and adhere to endothelium under physiological shear stress. These data show that selectins are synthesized and functional before birth in humans and have the potential to mediate the emigration of mononuclear cells and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Auvinen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare Turku, Turku, Finland
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13
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Wong MYW, Saad S, Pollock C, Wong MG. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase and kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1637-44. [PMID: 24173357 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00416.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning chronic kidney disease, the roles of inflammation and fibrosis are becoming increasingly inseparable. The progression of renal disease is characterized by pathomorphological changes that consist of early inflammatory responses followed by tubulointerstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and glomerular and vascular sclerosis. Currently available therapies that reduce hypertension, proteinuria, hyperglycemia, and interruption of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are at best only partially effective. Hence, there remains a need to explore agents targeting nonrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system pathways. In this review, we discuss mechanistic aspects in the physiological and pathological role of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, a protein enzyme involved in cellular trafficking and inflammation, with respect to the kidney. We explore the evidence for the use of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase inhibitors as potential agents in renal fibrosis to delay the onset and progression of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Y W Wong
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Level 7 Kolling Bldg., Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards 2065, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Gella A, Solé M, Bolea I, Ventriglia M, Siotto M, Durany N, Squitti R, Unzeta M. A comparison between radiometric and fluorimetric methods for measuring SSAO activity. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:1015-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-0987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Palani S, Maksimow M, Miiluniemi M, Auvinen K, Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Stabilin-1/CLEVER-1, a type 2 macrophage marker, is an adhesion and scavenging molecule on human placental macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2052-63. [PMID: 21480214 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stabilin-1/common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1 (CLEVER-1) is a multidomain protein present in lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells and type 2 immunosuppressive macrophages. In adults, stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 is a scavenging receptor and an adhesion molecule, but much less is known about its role during development. Here, we studied the expression and functions of macrophage stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 in human placenta and during human ontogeny. Using newly generated mAbs, we found that stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 is expressed on virtually all macrophages in term placenta, both in the decidua and in the placental villi. Placental stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 was involved in the scavenging of Ac-LDL (acetylated low density lipoprotein) and in the uptake of fluorescently labeled model antigen OVA. siRNA-mediated suppression of stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 altered the cytokine profile produced by placental macrophages. Stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 on placental macrophages mediated their adhesion to placental vessels and supported their transmigration through vascular endothelium. Finally, we found that stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 is induced very early in fetal macrophages, high endothelial venules, and lymphatic vessels in multiple lymphatic organs. Together, these data suggest that macrophage stabilin-1/CLEVER-1 can potentially regulate leukocyte migration and scavenging during the development of the placenta and fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Palani
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, and National Institute of Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
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16
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Weston CJ, Adams DH. Hepatic consequences of vascular adhesion protein-1 expression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 118:1055-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Kim ES, Kim WH. Inflammatory bowel disease in Korea: epidemiological, genomic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics. Gut Liver 2010; 4:1-14. [PMID: 20479907 PMCID: PMC2871616 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2010.4.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) describes chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines and has a variable course; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis comprise the two main forms of the condition. Although IBD occurs worldwide, its epidemiologic and clinical characteristics vary depending upon the geographic location and the ethnicity of the population. Identifying the characteristic features of IBD in populations living in different geographical locations and with different ethnicities may provide significant clues about its etiology and pathophysiology, which in turn may be helpful in the development of more appropriate treatment strategies for IBD for these different populations. Therefore, it is important for each country and region to evaluate critically the epidemiology, genomics, and clinical characteristics of IBD among its own population. We have performed a critical review of the recent data in Korea, and describe herein the current epidemiologic and genotypic status, as well as the clinical manifestations and therapeutic responses of IBD that are unique to Korean patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Potential anticancer application of polyamine oxidation products formed by amine oxidase: a new therapeutic approach. Amino Acids 2009; 38:353-68. [PMID: 20012114 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The polyamines spermine, spermidine and putrescine are ubiquitous cell components. These molecules are substrates of a class of enzymes that includes monoamine oxidases, diamine oxidases, polyamine oxidases and copper-containing amine oxidases. Amine oxidases are important because they contribute to regulate levels of mono- and polyamines. In tumors, polyamines and amine oxidases are increased as compared to normal tissues. Cytotoxicity induced by bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) and spermine is attributed to H(2)O(2) and aldehydes produced by the reaction. This study demonstrated that multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells (colon adenocarcinoma and melanoma) are significantly more sensitive than the corresponding wild-type (WT) ones to H(2)O(2) and aldehydes, the products of BSAO-catalyzed oxidation of spermine. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed major ultrastructural alterations of the mitochondria. These were more pronounced in MDR than in WT cells. Increasing the incubation temperature from 37 to 42 degrees Celsius enhances cytotoxicity in cells exposed to spermine metabolites. The combination BSAO/spermine prevents tumor growth, particularly well if the enzyme has been conjugated to a biocompatible hydrogel polymers. Since both wild-type and MDR cancer cells after pre-treatment with MDL 72527, a lysosomotropic compound, are sensitized to subsequent exposure to BSAO/spermine, it is conceivable that combined treatment with a lysosomotropic compound and BSAO/spermine would be effective against tumor cells. It is of interest to search for such novel compounds, which might be promising for application in a therapeutic setting.
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Localization of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) in the human eye. Exp Eye Res 2009; 90:26-32. [PMID: 19761765 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently we showed a critical role for Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1) in rodents during acute ocular inflammation, angiogenesis, and diabetic retinal leukostasis. However, the expression of VAP-1 in the human eye is unknown. VAP-1 localization was therefore investigated by immunohistochemistry. Five micrometer thick sections were generated from human ocular tissues embedded in paraffin. Sections were incubated overnight with primary mAbs against VAP-1 (5 microg/ml), smooth muscle actin (1 microg/ml), CD31 or isotype-matched IgG at 4 degrees C. Subsequently, a secondary mAb was used for 30 min at room temperature, followed by Dako Envision + HRP (AEC) System for signal detection. The stained sections were examined using light microscopy and the signal intensity was quantified by two evaluators and graded into 4 discrete categories. In all examined ocular tissues, VAP-1 staining was confined to the vasculature. VAP-1 labeling showed the highest intensity in both arteries and veins of neuronal tissues: retina and optic nerve, and the lowest intensity in the iris vasculature (p < 0.05). Scleral and choroidal vessels showed moderate staining for VAP-1. VAP-1 intensity was significantly higher in the arteries compared to veins (p < 0.05). Furthermore, VAP-1 staining in arteries colocalized with both CD31 and smooth muscle actin (sm-actin) staining, suggesting expression of VAP-1 in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells or potentially pericytes. In conclusion, immunohistochemistry reveals constitutive expression of VAP-1 in human ocular tissues. VAP-1 expression is nearly exclusive to the vasculature with arteries showing significantly higher expression than veins. Furthermore, VAP-1 expression in the ocular vasculature is heterogeneous, with the vessels of the optic nerve and the retina showing highest expressions. These results characterize VAP-1 expression in human ocular tissues.
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Valente T, Solé M, Unzeta M. SSAO/VAP-1 protein expression during mouse embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2009; 237:2585-93. [PMID: 18729210 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SSAO/VAP-1 is a multifunctional enzyme depending on in which tissue it is expressed. SSAO/VAP-1 is present in almost all adult mammalian tissues, especially in highly vascularised ones and in adipocytes. SSAO/VAP-1 is an amine oxidase able to metabolise various endogenous or exogenous primary amines. Its catalytic activity can lead to cellular oxidative stress, which has been implicated in several pathologies (atherosclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease). The aim of this work is to achieve a study of SSAO/VAP-1 protein expression during mouse embryogenesis. Our results show that SSAO/VAP-1 appears early in the development of the vascular system, adipose tissue, and smooth muscle cells. Moreover, its expression is strong in several epithelia of the sensory organs, as well as in the development of cartilage sites. Altogether, this suggests that SSAO/VAP-1 enzyme could be involved in the differentiation processes that take place during embryonic development, concretely in tissue vascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Valente
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
In the past few years, antagonists of tumour necrosis factor have resulted in unforetold therapeutic benefits in Crohn's disease, but the magnitude and duration of responses are variable. New agents are therefore needed. Their development has benefited from advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. Uncontrolled activation of the acquired immune system has an important role, and lymphocytes, cytokines, and adhesion molecules are broadly targeted for therapeutic intervention. With increasing evidence of an implication of the innate immune system and the intestinal epithelium, the therapeutic paradigm is also shifting from mere immunosuppression to the reinforcement of the intestinal barrier. We review mechanisms of actions of new drugs and the efficacy and adverse events from data from clinical trials. We discuss future directions, including new strategies with optimum endpoints.
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