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Xu Z, Zhang N, Shi L. Potential roles of UCH family deubiquitinases in tumorigenesis and chemical inhibitors developed against them. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2666-2694. [PMID: 39005671 PMCID: PMC11236784 DOI: 10.62347/oege2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a large group of proteases that reverse ubiquitination process and maintain protein homeostasis. The DUBs have been classified into seven subfamilies according to their primary sequence and structural similarity. As a small subfamily of DUBs, the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs) subfamily only contains four members including UCHL1, UCHL3, UCHL5, and BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1). Despite sharing the deubiquitinase activity with a similar catalysis mechanism, the UCHs exhibit distinctive biological functions which are mainly determined by their specific subcellular localization and partner substrates. Besides, growing evidence indicates that the UCH enzymes are involved in human malignancies. In this review, the structural information and biological functions of the UCHs are briefly described. Meanwhile, the roles of these enzymes in tumorigenesis and the discovered inhibitors against them are also summarized to give an insight into the cancer therapy with the potential alternative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of The Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of The Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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2
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Davis GJ, Omole AO, Jung Y, Rut W, Holewinski R, Suazo KF, Kim HR, Yang M, Andresson T, Drag M, Yoo E. Chemical tools to define and manipulate interferon-inducible Ubl protease USP18. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588544. [PMID: 38645224 PMCID: PMC11030383 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) is a multifunctional cysteine protease primarily responsible for deconjugating interferon-inducible ubiquitin-like (Ubl) modifier ISG15 from protein substrates. Here, we report the design and synthesis of activity-based probes (ABPs) capable of selectively detecting USP18 activity over other ISG15 cross-reactive deubiquitinases (DUBs) by incorporating unnatural amino acids into the C-terminal tail of ISG15. Combining with a ubiquitin-based DUB ABP, the selective USP18 ABP is employed in a chemoproteomic screening platform to identify and assess inhibitors of DUBs including USP18. We further demonstrate that USP18 ABPs can be utilized to profile differential activities of USP18 in lung cancer cell lines, providing a strategy that will help define the activity-related landscape of USP18 in different disease states and unravel important (de)ISGylation-dependent biological processes.
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Leow BCS, Kok CH, Yeung DT, Hughes TP, White DL, Eadie LN. The acquisition order of leukemic drug resistance mutations is directed by the selective fitness associated with each resistance mechanism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13110. [PMID: 37567965 PMCID: PMC10421868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, the transition from drug sensitive to drug resistant disease is poorly understood. Here, we used exploratory sequencing of gene transcripts to determine the mechanisms of drug resistance in a dasatinib resistant cell line model. Importantly, cell samples were collected sequentially during drug exposure and dose escalation, revealing several resistance mechanisms which fluctuated over time. BCR::ABL1 overexpression, BCR::ABL1 kinase domain mutation, and overexpression of the small molecule transporter ABCG2, were identified as dasatinib resistance mechanisms. The acquisition of mutations followed an order corresponding with the increase in selective fitness associated with each resistance mechanism. Additionally, it was demonstrated that ABCG2 overexpression confers partial ponatinib resistance. The results of this study have broad applicability and help direct effective therapeutic drug usage and dosing regimens and may be useful for clinicians to select the most efficacious therapy at the most beneficial time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C S Leow
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Chung H Kok
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - David T Yeung
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia & Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Timothy P Hughes
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia & Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Deborah L White
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia & Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
- Australian & New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Laura N Eadie
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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4
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The role of ubiquitin-specific peptidases in glioma progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112585. [PMID: 34968923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination is crucial for protein stability, function and location under physiological conditions. Dysregulation of E1/E2/E3 ligases or deubiquitinases (DUBs) results in malfunction of the ubiquitin system and is involved in many diseases. Increasing reports have indicated that ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) play a part in the progression of many kinds of cancers and could be good targets for anticancer treatment. Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Clinical treatment for high-grade glioma is unsatisfactory thus far. Multiple USPs are dysregulated in glioma and have the potential to be therapeutic targets. In this review, we collected studies on the roles of USPs in glioma progression and summarized the mechanisms of USPs in glioma tumorigenesis, malignancy and chemoradiotherapy resistance.
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Aranda-Tavío H, Recio C, Martín-Acosta P, Guerra-Rodríguez M, Brito-Casillas Y, Blanco R, Junco V, León J, Montero JC, Gandullo-Sánchez L, McNaughton-Smith G, Zapata JM, Pandiella A, Amesty A, Estévez-Braun A, Fernández-Pérez L, Guerra B. JKST6, a novel multikinase modulator of the BCR-ABL1/STAT5 signaling pathway that potentiates direct BCR-ABL1 inhibition and overcomes imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112330. [PMID: 34673425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematological malignancy that highly depends on the BCR-ABL1/STAT5 signaling pathway for cell survival. First-line treatments for CML consist of tyrosine kinase inhibitors that efficiently target BCR-ABL1 activity. However, drug resistance and intolerance are still therapeutic limitations in Ph+ cells. Therefore, the development of new anti-CML drugs that exhibit alternative mechanisms to overcome these limitations is a desirable goal. In this work, the antitumoral activity of JKST6, a naphthoquinone-pyrone hybrid, was assessed in imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant human CML cells. Live-cell imaging analysis revealed JKST6 potent antiproliferative activity in 2D and 3D CML cultures. JKST6 provoked cell increase in the subG1 phase along with a reduction in the G0/G1 phase and altered the expression of key proteins involved in the control of mitosis and DNA damage. Rapid increases in Annexin V staining and activation/cleavage of caspases 8, 9 and 3 were observed after JKST6 treatment in CML cells. Of interest, JKST6 inhibited BCR-ABL1/STAT5 signaling through oncokinase downregulation that was preceded by rapid polyubiquitination. In addition, JKST6 caused a transient increase in JNK and AKT phosphorylation, whereas the phosphorylation of P38-MAPK and Src was reduced. Combinatory treatment unveiled synergistic effects between imatinib and JKST6. Notably, JKST6 maintained its antitumor efficacy in BCR-ABL1-T315I-positive cells and CML cells that overexpress BCR-ABL and even restored imatinib efficacy after a short exposure time. These findings, together with the observed low toxicity of JKST6, reveal a novel multikinase modulator that might overcome the limitations of BCR-ABL1 inhibitors in CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidée Aranda-Tavío
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carlota Recio
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pedro Martín-Acosta
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO), Departamento de Química Orgánica, QUIBIONAT, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Miguel Guerra-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yeray Brito-Casillas
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rosa Blanco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Vanessa Junco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC and CIBERONC. Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucía Gandullo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC and CIBERONC. Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Juan Manuel Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" - CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC and CIBERONC. Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Angel Amesty
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO), Departamento de Química Orgánica, QUIBIONAT, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO), Departamento de Química Orgánica, QUIBIONAT, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Leandro Fernández-Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Borja Guerra
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional (BIOPharm), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Lei H, Wang J, Hu J, Zhu Q, Wu Y. Deubiquitinases in hematological malignancies. Biomark Res 2021; 9:66. [PMID: 34454635 PMCID: PMC8401176 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are enzymes that control the stability, interactions or localization of most cellular proteins by removing their ubiquitin modification. In recent years, some DUBs, such as USP7, USP9X and USP10, have been identified as promising therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies. Importantly, some potent inhibitors targeting the oncogenic DUBs have been developed, showing promising inhibitory efficacy in preclinical models, and some have even undergone clinical trials. Different DUBs perform distinct function in diverse hematological malignancies, such as oncogenic, tumor suppressor or context-dependent effects. Therefore, exploring the biological roles of DUBs and their downstream effectors will provide new insights and therapeutic targets for the occurrence and development of hematological malignancies. We summarize the DUBs involved in different categories of hematological malignancies including leukemia, multiple myeloma and lymphoma. We also present the recent development of DUB inhibitors and their applications in hematological malignancies. Together, we demonstrate DUBs as potential therapeutic drug targets in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lei
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiacheng Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yingli Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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7
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Cruz L, Soares P, Correia M. Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases: Players in Cancer Cellular Processes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090848. [PMID: 34577547 PMCID: PMC8469789 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination represents a post-translational modification (PTM) essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Ubiquitination is involved in the regulation of protein function, localization and turnover through the attachment of a ubiquitin molecule(s) to a target protein. Ubiquitination can be reversed through the action of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). The DUB enzymes have the ability to remove the mono- or poly-ubiquitination signals and are involved in the maturation, recycling, editing and rearrangement of ubiquitin(s). Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are the biggest family of DUBs, responsible for numerous cellular functions through interactions with different cellular targets. Over the past few years, several studies have focused on the role of USPs in carcinogenesis, which has led to an increasing development of therapies based on USP inhibitors. In this review, we intend to describe different cellular functions, such as the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, chromatin remodeling and several signaling pathways, in which USPs are involved in the development or progression of cancer. In addition, we describe existing therapies that target the inhibition of USPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cruz
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.C.); (P.S.)
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.C.); (P.S.)
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, 4200-139 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Correia
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.C.); (P.S.)
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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8
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Sulkshane P, Pawar SN, Waghole R, Pawar SS, Rajput P, Uthale A, Oak S, Kalkar P, Wani H, Patil R, Nair S, Rane P, Teni T. Elevated USP9X drives early-to-late-stage oral tumorigenesis via stabilisation of anti-apoptotic MCL-1 protein and impacts outcome in oral cancers. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:547-560. [PMID: 34079080 PMCID: PMC8367974 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of anti-apoptotic MCL-1 protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is linked to disease progression, therapy resistance and poor outcome. Despite its characteristic short half-life owing to ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation, oral tumours frequently show elevated MCL-1 protein expression. Hence, we investigated the role of deubiquitinase USP9X in stabilising MCL-1 protein and its contribution to oral tumorigenesis. METHODS Expression of MCL-1 and USP9X was assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in oral cancer cell lines and tissues. The association between MCL-1 and USP9X was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Cell death assessment was performed by MTT, flow cytometry and clonogenic assays. RESULTS Both USP9X and MCL-1 are significantly elevated in oral premalignant lesions and oral tumours versus normal mucosa. USP9X interacts with and deubiquitinates MCL-1, thereby stabilising it. Pharmacological inhibition of USP9X potently induced cell death in OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. The elevated expression of USP9X and MCL-1 correlated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the oncogenic role of USP9X in driving early-to-late stages of oral tumorigenesis via stabilisation of MCL-1, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Sulkshane
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.6451.60000000121102151Present Address: Glickman Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sagar N. Pawar
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Rohit Waghole
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Sushil S. Pawar
- KBH Dental College and Hospital, Panchwati, Nashik, Maharashtra India
| | - Priyanka Rajput
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Abhay Uthale
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Swapnil Oak
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Prajakta Kalkar
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Harshada Wani
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Rahul Patil
- KBH Dental College and Hospital, Panchwati, Nashik, Maharashtra India
| | - Sudhir Nair
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- grid.410869.20000 0004 1766 7522Clinical Research Secretariat, ACTREC, TMC, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Tanuja Teni
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Teni Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India ,grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra India
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9
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Shan H, Liu J, Shen J, Dai J, Xu G, Lu K, Han C, Wang Y, Xu X, Tong Y, Xiang H, Ai Z, Zhuang G, Hu J, Zhang Z, Li Y, Pan L, Tan L. Development of potent and selective inhibitors targeting the papain-like protease of SARS-CoV-2. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:855-865.e9. [PMID: 33979649 PMCID: PMC8075810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been disastrous to society and effective drugs are urgently needed. The papain-like protease domain (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV2) is indispensable for viral replication and represents a putative target for pharmacological intervention. In this work, we describe the development of a potent and selective SCoV2 PLpro inhibitor, 19. The inhibitor not only effectively blocks substrate cleavage and immunosuppressive function imparted by PLpro, but also markedly mitigates SCoV2 replication in human cells, with a submicromolar IC50. We further present a convenient and sensitive activity probe, 7, and complementary assays to readily evaluate SCoV2 PLpro inhibitors in vitro or in cells. In addition, we disclose the co-crystal structure of SCoV2 PLpro in complex with a prototype inhibitor, which illuminates their detailed binding mode. Overall, these findings provide promising leads and important tools for drug discovery aiming to target SCoV2 PLpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyue Shan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiali Shen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jialin Dai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China
| | - Kuankuan Lu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Han
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yilun Tong
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huaijiang Xiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guanglei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junhao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518112, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Lifeng Pan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
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10
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Li S, Guo W, Wu H. The role of post-translational modifications in the regulation of MCL1. Cell Signal 2021; 81:109933. [PMID: 33508399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved form of programed cell death (PCD) that has a vital effect on early embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and clearance of damaged cells. Dysregulation of apoptosis can lead to many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, AIDS and heart disease. The anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, a member of the BCL2 family, plays important roles in these physiological and pathological processes. Its high expression is closely related to drug resistances in the treatment of tumor. This review summarizes the structure and function of MCL1, the types of post-translational modifications of MCL1 and their effects on the functions of MCL1, as well as the treatment strategies targeting MCL1 in cancer therapy. The research on the fine regulation of MCL1 will be favorable to the provision of a promising future for the design and screening of MCL1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Li
- School of Bioengineering & Province Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Wanping Guo
- School of Bioengineering & Province Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Huijian Wu
- School of Bioengineering & Province Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, China.
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11
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Huang X, Zhang X, Xu J, Wang X, Zhang G, Tang T, Shen X, Liang T, Bai X. Deubiquitinating Enzyme: A Potential Secondary Checkpoint of Cancer Immunity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1289. [PMID: 32850399 PMCID: PMC7426525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy depends on the fine interplay between tumoral immune checkpoints and host immune system. However, the up-to-date clinical performance of checkpoint blockers in cancer therapy revealed that higher-level regulation should be further investigated for better therapeutic outcomes. It is becoming increasingly evident that the expression of immune checkpoints is largely associated to the immunotherapeutic response and consequent prognosis. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) with their role of cleaving ubiquitin from proteins and other molecules, thus reversing ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation, modulate multiple cellular processes, including, but not limited to, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, tissue development, and antiviral response. Accumulating evidence indicates that DUBs also have the critical influence on anticancer immunity, simply by stabilizing pivotal checkpoints or key regulators of T-cell functions. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge about DUBs, highlights the secondary checkpoint-like role of DUBs in cancer immunity, in particular their direct effects on the stability control of pivotal checkpoints and key regulators of T-cell functions, and suggests the therapeutic potential of DUBs-based strategy in targeted immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Lim KH, Joo JY, Baek KH. The potential roles of deubiquitinating enzymes in brain diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101088. [PMID: 32470641 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most proteins undergo posttranslational modification such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, biotinylation, and ubiquitination to regulate various cellular processes. Ubiquitin-targeted proteins from the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are degraded by 26S proteasome, along with this, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have specific activity against the UPS through detaching of ubiquitin on ubiquitin-targeted proteins. Balancing between protein expression and degradation through interplay between the UPS and DUBs is important to maintain cell homeostasis, and abnormal expression and elongation of proteins lead to diverse diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune response. Therefore, development of DUB inhibitors as therapeutic targets has been challenging. In addition, understanding of the roles of DUBs in neurodegeneration, specifically brain diseases, has emerged gradually. This review highlights recent studies on the molecular mechanisms for DUBs, and discusses potential therapeutic targets for DUBs in cases of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Choeomdan-Ro 61, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Choeomdan-Ro 61, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 13488, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wu X, Luo Q, Liu Z. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of MCL1 in cancer: deciphering chemoresistance mechanisms and providing potential therapeutic options. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:556. [PMID: 32699213 PMCID: PMC7376237 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MCL1 is an important antiapoptotic member of the BCL-2 family that is distinguishable from other family members based on its relatively short half-life. Emerging studies have revealed the crucial role of MCL1 in the chemoresistance of cancer cells. The antiapoptotic function of MCL1 makes it a popular therapeutic target, although specific inhibitors have begun to emerge only recently. Notably, emerging studies have reported that several E3 ligases and deubiquitinases modulate MCL1 stability, providing an alternate means of targeting MCL1 activity. In addition, the emergence and development of proteolysis-targeting chimeras, the function of which is based on ubiquitination-mediated degradation, has shown great potential. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies investigating the ubiquitination and deubiquitination of MCL1, summarize the latest evidence regarding the development of therapeutic strategies targeting MCL1 in cancer treatment, and discuss the promising future of targeting MCL1 via the ubiquitin–proteasome system in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
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14
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Zhou B, Jin X, Jin W, Huang X, Wu Y, Li H, Zhu W, Qin X, Ye H, Gao S. WT1 facilitates the self-renewal of leukemia-initiating cells through the upregulation of BCL2L2: WT1-BCL2L2 axis as a new acute myeloid leukemia therapy target. J Transl Med 2020; 18:254. [PMID: 32580769 PMCID: PMC7313134 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of Wilms’ tumor-1 (WT1) transcription factor facilitates proliferation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, whether WT1 is enriched in the leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and facilitates the self-renewal of LSCs remains poorly understood. Methods MLL-AF9-induced murine leukemia model was used to evaluate the effect of knockdown of wt1 on the self-renewal ability of LSC. RNA sequencing was performed on WT1-overexpressing cells to select WT1 targets. Apoptosis and colony formation assays were used to assess the anti-leukemic potential of a deubiquitinase inhibitor WP1130. Furthermore, NOD/SCID-IL2Rγ (NSG) AML xenotransplantation and MLL-AF9-induced murine leukemia models were used to evaluate the anti-leukemogenic potential of WP1130 in vivo. Results We found that wt1 is highly expressed in LICs and LSCs and facilitates the maintenance of leukemia in a murine MLL-AF9-induced model of AML. WT1 enhanced the self-renewal of LSC by increasing the expression of BCL2L2, a member of B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family, by direct binding to its promoter region. Loss of WT1 impaired self-renewal ability in LSC and delayed the progression of leukemia. WP1130 was found to modify the WT1-BCL2L2 axis, and WP1130-induced anti-leukemic activity was mediated by ubiquitin proteasome-mediated destruction of WT1 protein. WP1130 induced apoptosis and decreased colony formation abilities of leukemia cells and prolonged the overall survival in the THP1-based xenograft NSG mouse model. WP1130 also decreased the frequency of LSC and prolonged the overall survival in MLL-AF9-induced murine leukemia model. Mechanistically, WP1130 induced the degradation of WT1 by positively affecting the ubiquitination of WT1 protein. Conclusions Our results indicate that WT1 is required for the development of AML. WP1130 exhibits anti-leukemic activity by inhibiting the WT1-BCL2L2 axis, which may represent a new acute myeloid leukemia therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianghong Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingzhou Huang
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Zhu
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haige Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shenmeng Gao
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Antao AM, Tyagi A, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Advances in Deubiquitinating Enzyme Inhibition and Applications in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1579. [PMID: 32549302 PMCID: PMC7352412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), the roles of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been widely elucidated. The ubiquitination of proteins regulates many aspects of cellular functions such as protein degradation and localization, and also modifies protein-protein interactions. DUBs cleave the attached ubiquitin moieties from substrates and thereby reverse the process of ubiquitination. The dysregulation of these two paramount pathways has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Attempts are being made to identify inhibitors of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs that potentially have clinical implications in cancer, making them an important target in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, studies in medicine are currently focused on the pharmacological disruption of DUB activity as a rationale to specifically target cancer-causing protein aberrations. Here, we briefly discuss the pathophysiological and physiological roles of DUBs in key cancer-related pathways. We also discuss the clinical applications of promising DUB inhibitors that may contribute to the development of DUBs as key therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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16
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Zhang X, Linder S, Bazzaro M. Drug Development Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) for the Treatment of Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040902. [PMID: 32272746 PMCID: PMC7226376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by a higher rate of protein turnover and greater demand for protein homeostasis compared to normal cells. In this scenario, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is responsible for the degradation of over 80% of cellular proteins within mammalian cells, becomes vital to cancer cells, making the UPS a critical target for the discovery of novel cancer therapeutics. This review systematically categorizes all current reported small molecule inhibitors of the various essential components of the UPS, including ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), ubiquitin ligases (E3s), the 20S proteasome catalytic core particle (20S CP) and the 19S proteasome regulatory particles (19S RP), as well as their mechanism/s of action and limitations. We also discuss the immunoproteasome which is considered as a prospective therapeutic target of the next generation of proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Lee KM, Le P, Sieber SA, Hacker SM. Degrasyn exhibits antibiotic activity against multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by modifying several essential cysteines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2929-2932. [PMID: 32039420 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09204h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Degrasyn inhibits deubiquitination enzymes and has anti-cancer activity. We here show that it also exhibits antimicrobial activity against multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Structure activity relationship studies demonstrate an important role of the electrophilic α-cyanoacrylamide moiety as a Michael acceptor. A suite of chemical proteomic techniques unraveled binding of this moiety to various cysteine residues of essential proteins in a reversibly covalent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Myung Lee
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry and Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Philipp Le
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry and Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry and Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Stephan M Hacker
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany.
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18
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Akiyama H, Umezawa Y, Watanabe D, Okada K, Ishida S, Nogami A, Miura O. Inhibition of USP9X Downregulates JAK2-V617F and Induces Apoptosis Synergistically with BH3 Mimetics Preferentially in Ruxolitinib-Persistent JAK2-V617F-Positive Leukemic Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020406. [PMID: 32050632 PMCID: PMC7072561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK2-V617F plays a key role in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasm. However, its inhibitor ruxolitinib has shown limited clinical efficacies because of the ruxolitinib-persistent proliferation of JAK2-V617F-positive cells. We here demonstrate that the USP9X inhibitor WP1130 or EOAI3402143 (G9) inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis more efficiently in cells dependent on JAK2-V617F than on cytokine-activated JAK2. WP1130 preferentially downregulated activated and autophosphorylated JAK2-V617F by enhancing its K63-linked polyubiquitination and inducing its aggresomal translocation to block downstream signaling. Furthermore, JAK2-V617F associated physically with USP9X in leukemic HEL cells. Induction of apoptosis by inhibition of USP9X was mediated through the intrinsic mitochondria-mediated pathway, synergistically enhanced by BH3 mimetics, prevented by overexpression of Bcl-xL, and required oxidative stress to activate stress-related MAP kinases p38 and JNK as well as DNA damage responses in HEL cells. Although autophosphorylated JAK2-V617F was resistant to WP1130 in the ruxolitinib-persistent HEL-R cells, these cells expressed Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL at lower levels and showed an increased sensitivity to WP1130 as well as BH3 mimetics as compared with ruxolitinib-naive HEL cells. Thus, USP9X represents a promising target along with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members for novel therapeutic strategies against JAK2-V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms, particularly under the ruxolitinib persistence conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Umezawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Keigo Okada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Shinya Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Li J, Li H, Zhu W, Zhou B, Ying J, Wu J, Zhang H, Sun H, Gao S. Deubiquitinase inhibitor degrasyn suppresses metastasis by targeting USP5-WT1-E-cadherin signalling pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1370-1382. [PMID: 31845546 PMCID: PMC6991651 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilm's tumour-1 (WT1) is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and enhances metastasis. Deubiquitination stabilizes target proteins, and inhibiting deubiquitination facilitates the degradation of target proteins. However, whether inhibiting deubiquitination of WT1 facilitates its degradation and presents anti-cancer ability in PDAC is unknown. Here, we found that deubiquitinase inhibitor degrasyn rapidly induced the degradation of endogenous and exogenous WT1 through enhancing ubiquitination of WT1 followed by the up-regulation of E-cadherin. Knockdown of WT1 by short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) inhibited metastasis and overexpression of WT1 partially prevented degrasyn-induced anti-metastasis activity, suggesting that degrasyn presents anti-metastasis activity partially through degrading WT1 protein. We further identified that USP5 deubiquitinated WT1 and stabilized its expression. The higher expressions of USP5 and WT1 are associated with tumour metastasis. More importantly, degrasyn inhibited the activity of USP5 and overexpression of USP5 partially prevented degrasyn-induced degradation of WT1 protein, suggesting that degrasyn degraded WT1 protein through inhibiting the activity of USP5. Finally, degrasyn reduced the tumorigenicity in a xenograft mouse model and reduced the metastasis in vivo. Our results indicate that degrasyn presents strong anti-cancer activity through USP5-WT1-E-cadherin signalling in PDAC. Therefore, degrasyn holds promise as cancer therapeutic agent in PDAC with high expressions of USP5 and WT1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cadherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/secondary
- Cell Proliferation
- Cyanoacrylates/pharmacology
- Deubiquitinating Enzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Endopeptidases/chemistry
- Endopeptidases/genetics
- Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- WT1 Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- WT1 Proteins/genetics
- WT1 Proteins/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Department of Gastroenterologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Haiying Li
- Laboratory of Internal Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Weijian Zhu
- Laboratory of Internal Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Internal Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Jianchao Ying
- Laboratory of Internal Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Huxiang Zhang
- Pathology Departmentthe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Shenmeng Gao
- Laboratory of Internal Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
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20
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Targeting USP9x/SOX2 axis contributes to the anti-osteosarcoma effect of neogambogic acid. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:277-286. [PMID: 31605775 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SOX2 has been viewed as a critical oncoprotein in osteosarcoma. Emerging evidence show that inducing the degradation of transcription factors such as SOX2 is a promising strategy to make them druggable. Here, we show that neogambogic acid (NGA), an active ingredient in garcinia, significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells with ubiquitin proteasome-mediated degradation of SOX2 in vitro and in vivo. We further identified USP9x as a bona fide deubiquitinase for SOX2 and NGA directly interacts with USP9x in cells. Moreover, knockdown of USP9x inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of osteosarcoma cells, which could be rescued by overexpression of SOX2. Consistent with this, knockdown of USP9x inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, we identify USP9x as the first deubiquitinating enzyme for controlling the stability of SOX2 and USP9x is a direct target for NGA. We propose that targeting the USP9x/SOX2 axis represents a novel strategy for the therapeutic of osteosarcoma and other SOX2 related cancers.
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21
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Akiyama H, Umezawa Y, Ishida S, Okada K, Nogami A, Miura O. Inhibition of USP9X induces apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-positive AML cells cooperatively by inhibiting the mutant kinase through aggresomal translocation and inducing oxidative stress. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Aqaqe N, Yassin M, Yassin AA, Ershaid N, Katz-Even C, Zipin-Roitman A, Kugler E, Lechman ER, Gan OI, Mitchell A, Dick JE, Izraeli S, Milyavsky M. An ERG Enhancer-Based Reporter Identifies Leukemia Cells with Elevated Leukemogenic Potential Driven by ERG-USP9X Feed-Forward Regulation. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3862-3876. [PMID: 31175119 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemia is a rapidly progressing blood cancer with low survival rates. Unfavorable prognosis is attributed to insufficiently characterized subpopulations of leukemia stem cells (LSC) that drive chemoresistance and leukemia relapse. Here we utilized a genetic reporter that assesses stemness to enrich and functionally characterize LSCs. We observed heterogeneous activity of the ERG+85 enhancer-based fluorescent reporter in human leukemias. Cells with high reporter activity (tagBFPHigh) exhibited elevated expression of stemness and chemoresistance genes and demonstrated increased clonogenicity and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy as compared with their tagBFPNeg counterparts. The tagBFPHigh fraction was capable of regenerating the original cellular heterogeneity and demonstrated increased invasive ability. Moreover, the tagBFPHigh fraction was enriched for leukemia-initiating cells in a xenograft assay. We identified the ubiquitin hydrolase USP9X as a novel ERG transcriptional target that sustains ERG+85-positive cells by controlling ERG ubiquitination. Therapeutic targeting of USP9X led to preferential inhibition of the ERG-dependent leukemias. Collectively, these results characterize human leukemia cell functional heterogeneity and suggest that targeting ERG via USP9X inhibition may be a potential treatment strategy in patients with leukemia. SIGNIFICANCE: This study couples a novel experimental tool with state-of-the-art approaches to delineate molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell-related characteristics in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasma Aqaqe
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Muhammad Yassin
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abed Alkader Yassin
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nour Ershaid
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Katz-Even
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Zipin-Roitman
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eitan Kugler
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Schneider Children Medical Center Petah-Tikva, Israel.,The Gene Development and Environment Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eric R Lechman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga I Gan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Mitchell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shai Izraeli
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Schneider Children Medical Center Petah-Tikva, Israel.,The Gene Development and Environment Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Milyavsky
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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23
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Zhu HQ, Gao FH. Regulatory Molecules and Corresponding Processes of BCR-ABL Protein Degradation. J Cancer 2019; 10:2488-2500. [PMID: 31258755 PMCID: PMC6584333 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR-ABL fusion protein with strong tyrosine kinase activity is one of the molecular biological bases of leukemia. Imatinib (Gleevec), a specific targeted drug for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), was developed for inhibiting the kinase activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein. Despite the positive clinical efficacy of imatinib, the proportion of imatinib resistance has gradually increased. The main reason for the resistance is a decrease in sensitivity to imatinib caused by mutation or amplification of the BCR-ABL gene. In response to this phenomenon, the new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein was developed to solve the problem. However this strategy only selectively inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL protein without eliminating the BCR-ABL protein, it does not fundamentally cure the BCR-ABL-positive leukemia patients. With the accumulation of the knowledge of cellular molecular biology, it has become possible to specifically eliminate certain proteins by cellular proteases in a specific way. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy to induce the degradation of the BCR-ABL fusion protein is superior to the strategy of inhibiting its activity. The protein degradation strategy is also a solution to the TKI resistance caused by different BCR-ABL gene point mutations. In order to provide possible exploration directions and clues for eliminating the BCR-ABL fusion protein in tumor cells, we summarize the significant molecules involved in the degradation pathway of the BCR-ABL protein, as well as the reported potent compounds that can target the BCR-ABL protein for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
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24
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Young MJ, Hsu KC, Lin TE, Chang WC, Hung JJ. The role of ubiquitin-specific peptidases in cancer progression. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:42. [PMID: 31133011 PMCID: PMC6537419 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is an important mechanism for regulating the activity and levels of proteins under physiological conditions. Loss of regulation by protein ubiquitination leads to various diseases, such as cancer. Two types of enzymes, namely, E1/E2/E3 ligases and deubiquitinases, are responsible for controlling protein ubiquitination. The ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) are the main members of the deubiquitinase family. Many studies have addressed the roles of USPs in various diseases. An increasing number of studies have indicated that USPs are critical for cancer progression, and some USPs have been used as targets to develop inhibitors for cancer prevention. Herein we collect and organize most of the recent studies on the roles of USPs in cancer progression and discuss the development of USP inhibitors for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jer Young
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Wakimoto H. Deubiquitinating ALDH1A3 key to maintaining the culprit of aggressive brain cancer. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1833-1835. [PMID: 30958802 DOI: 10.1172/jci128742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells sustain propagation of the deadly primary brain cancer glioblastoma. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) characterized by a mesenchymal phenotype are aggressive and resistant to therapies and represent a crucial therapeutic target. In this issue of the JCI, Chen et al. show that the intracellular levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3), known as a functional marker of mesenchymal GSCs, are regulated posttranslationally by ubiquitin-specific protease 9X-mediated (USP9X-mediated) deubiquitination. Increased expression of USP9X stabilizes ALDH1A3, enabling GSCs to exhibit mesenchymal traits and the malignant phenotype. Thus, the USP9X-ALDH1A3 axis may offer a novel therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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26
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BCL-2 family isoforms in apoptosis and cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 30792387 PMCID: PMC6384907 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The BCl-2 family has long been identified for its role in apoptosis. Following the initial discovery of BCL-2 in the context of B-cell lymphoma in the 1980s, a number of homologous proteins have since been identified. The members of the Bcl-2 family are designated as such due to their BCL-2 homology (BH) domains and involvement in apoptosis regulation. The BH domains facilitate the family members’ interactions with each other and can indicate pro- or anti-apoptotic function. Traditionally, these proteins are categorised into one of the three subfamilies; anti-apoptotic, BH3-only (pro-apoptotic), and pore-forming or ‘executioner’ (pro-apoptotic) proteins. Each of the BH3-only or anti-apoptotic proteins has a distinct pattern of activation, localisation and response to cell death or survival stimuli. All of these can vary across cell or stress types, or developmental stage, and this can cause the delineation of the roles of BCL-2 family members. Added to this complexity is the presence of relatively uncharacterised isoforms of many of the BCL-2 family members. There is a gap in our knowledge regarding the function of BCL-2 family isoforms. BH domain status is not always predictive or indicative of protein function, and several other important sequences, which can contribute to apoptotic activity have been identified. While therapeutic strategies targeting the BCL-2 family are constantly under development, it is imperative that we understand the molecules, which we are attempting to target. This review, discusses our current knowledge of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family isoforms. With significant improvements in the potential for splicing therapies, it is important that we begin to understand the distinctions of the BCL-2 family, not limited to just the mechanisms of apoptosis control, but in their roles outside of apoptosis.
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27
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Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis is a crucial process for the normal functioning of the cell. The regulated degradation of proteins is primarily facilitated by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), a system of selective tagging of proteins with ubiquitin followed by proteasome-mediated proteolysis. The UPS is highly dynamic consisting of both ubiquitination and deubiquitination steps that modulate protein stabilization and degradation. Deregulation of protein stability is a common feature in the development and progression of numerous cancer types. Simultaneously, the elevated protein synthesis rate of cancer cells and consequential accumulation of misfolded proteins drives UPS addiction, thus sensitizing them to UPS inhibitors. This sensitivity along with the potential of stabilizing pro-apoptotic signaling pathways makes the proteasome an attractive clinical target for the development of novel therapies. Targeting of the catalytic 20S subunit of the proteasome is already a clinically validated strategy in multiple myeloma and other cancers. Spurred on by this success, promising novel inhibitors of the UPS have entered development, targeting the 20S as well as regulatory 19S subunit and inhibitors of deubiquitinating and ubiquitin ligase enzymes. In this review, we outline the manner in which deregulation of the UPS can cause cancer to develop, current clinical application of proteasome inhibitors, and the (pre-)clinical development of novel inhibitors of the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Mofers
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Paola Pellegrini
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden. .,Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pádraig D'Arcy
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
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28
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Celecoxib inhibits proliferation and survival of chronic myelogeous leukemia (CML) cells via AMPK-dependent regulation of β-catenin and mTORC1/2. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81555-81570. [PMID: 27835591 PMCID: PMC5348412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CML is effectively treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, the efficacy of these drugs is confined to the chronic phase of the disease and development of resistance to TKIs remains a pressing issue. The anti-inflammatory COX2 inhibitor celecoxib has been utilized as anti-tumour drug due to its anti-proliferative activity. However, its effects in hematological malignancies, in particular CML, have not been investigated yet. Thus, we tested biological effects and mechanisms of action of celecoxib in Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) CML and ALL cells. We show here that celecoxib suppresses the growth of Ph+ cell lines by increasing G1-phase and apoptotic cells and reducing S- and G2-phase cells. These effects were independent of COX2 inhibition but required the rapid activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the consequent inhibition mTORC1 and 2. Treatment with celecoxib also restored GSK3β function and led to down-regulation of β-catenin activity through transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, two effects likely to contribute to Ph+ cell growth suppression by celecoxib. Celecoxib inhibited colony formation of TKI-resistant Ph+ cell lines including those with the T315I BCR-ABL mutation and acted synergistically with imatinib in suppressing colony formation of TKI-sensitive Ph+ cell lines. Finally, it suppressed colony formation of CD34+ cells from CML patients, while sparing most CD34+ progenitors from healthy donors, and induced apoptosis of primary Ph+ ALL cells. Together, these findings indicate that celecoxib may serve as a COX2-independent lead compound to simultaneously target the mTOR and β-catenin pathways, key players in the resistance of CML stem cells to TKIs.
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29
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Tetsu O, McCormick F. ETS-targeted therapy: can it substitute for MEK inhibitors? Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:16. [PMID: 28474232 PMCID: PMC5418169 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RAS/MAPK pathway has been intensively studied in cancer. Constitutive activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is frequently found in cancer cells from a variety of tissues. In clinical practice and clinical trials, small molecules targeting receptor tyrosine kinases or components in the MAPK cascade are used for treatment. MEK1 and MEK2 are ideal targets because these enzymes are physiologically important and have narrow substrate specificities and distinctive structural characteristics. Despite success in pre-clinical testing, only two MEK inhibitors, trametinib and cobimetinib, have been approved, both for treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma. Surprisingly, the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in other tumors has been disappointing. These facts suggest the need for a different approach. We here consider transcription factor ETS1 and ETS2 as alternate therapeutic targets because they are major MAPK downstream effectors. MAIN TEXT The lack of clinical efficacy of MEK inhibitors is attributed mostly to a subsequent loss of negative feedback regulation in the MAPK pathway. To overcome this obstacle, second-generation MEK inhibitors, so-called "feedback busters," have been developed. However, their efficacy is still unsatisfactory in the majority of cancers. To substitute ETS-targeted therapy, therapeutic strategies to modulate the transcription factor in cancer must be considered. Chemical targeting of ETS1 for proteolysis is a promising strategy; Src and USP9X inhibitors might achieve this by accelerating ETS1 protein turnover. Targeting the ETS1 interface might have great therapeutic value because ETS1 dimerizes itself or with other transcription factors to regulate target genes. In addition, transcriptional cofactors, including CBP/p300 and BRD4, represent intriguing targets for both ETS1 and ETS2. CONCLUSIONS ETS-targeted therapy appears to be promising. However, it may have a potential problem. It might inhibit autoregulatory negative feedback loops in the MAPK pathway, with consequent resistance to cell death by ERK1 and ERK2 activation. Further research is warranted to explore clinically applicable ways to inhibit ETS1 and ETS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Tetsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Frank McCormick
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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30
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Fu P, Du F, Liu Y, Yao M, Zhang S, Zheng X, Zheng S. WP1130 increases cisplatin sensitivity through inhibition of usp9x in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:1783-1791. [PMID: 28469783 PMCID: PMC5411926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 30% of all breast cancers are caused by a lack of estrogen receptor (ER), which renders the cancer resistant to endocrine-based therapy. Many studies suggest that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked (usp9x) regulates multiple cellular behaviors, such as tumor growth, invasion, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of WP1130, a partially selective inhibitor of deubiquitinating enzymes, in breast cancer cells. We found that WP1130 enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity in ER-negative tumor cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468), but had little effect in ER-positive Bcap-37 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that usp9x expression was dramatically lower in ER-positive cells compared to that in ER-negative cells. Furthermore, WP1130 treatment suppressed the expression of usp9x and Mcl-1 in ER-negative cells, but not in ER-positive cells. In addition, we found that knockdown of usp9x diminished the chemosensitization activity of WP1130 on breast cancer cells in the presence of cisplatin. Taken together, these results demonstrated that combined treatment with WP1130 could increase the cisplatin sensitivity in a usp9x-dependent manner in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifen Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Feiya Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Minya Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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31
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Jin WL, Mao XY, Qiu GZ. Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Expectations and Challenges. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:627-661. [PMID: 27775833 DOI: 10.1002/med.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Despite standard treatment with tumor resection and radiochemotherapy, the outcome remains gloomy. It is evident that a combination of oncogenic gain of function and tumor-suppressive loss of function has been attributed to glioma initiation and progression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a well-orchestrated system that controls the fate of most proteins by striking a dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of substrates, having a profound influence on the modulation of oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and cellular signaling pathways. In recent years, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have emerged as potential anti-cancer targets due to their targeting several key proteins involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. This review attempts to summarize recent studies of GBM-associated DUBs, their roles in various cellular processes, and discuss the relation between DUBs deregulation and gliomagenesis, especially how DUBs regulate glioma stem cells pluripotency, microenvironment, and resistance of radiation and chemotherapy through core stem-cell transcriptional factors. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of DUBs, and attempted to find a potential GBM treatment by DUBs intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,National Centers for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Zhong Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, 250031, P. R. China
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32
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Drießen S, Berleth N, Friesen O, Löffler AS, Böhler P, Hieke N, Stuhldreier F, Peter C, Schink KO, Schultz SW, Stenmark H, Holland P, Simonsen A, Wesselborg S, Stork B. Deubiquitinase inhibition by WP1130 leads to ULK1 aggregation and blockade of autophagy. Autophagy 2016. [PMID: 26207339 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1067359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy represents an intracellular degradation process which is involved in both regular cell homeostasis and disease settings. In recent years, the molecular machinery governing this process has been elucidated. The ULK1 kinase complex consisting of the serine/threonine protein kinase ULK1 and the adapter proteins ATG13, RB1CC1, and ATG101, is centrally involved in the regulation of autophagy initiation. This complex is in turn regulated by the activity of different nutrient- or energy-sensing kinases, including MTOR, AMPK, and AKT. However, next to phosphorylation processes it has been suggested that ubiquitination of ULK1 positively influences ULK1 function. Here we report that the inhibition of deubiquitinases by the compound WP1130 leads to increased ULK1 ubiquitination, the transfer of ULK1 to aggresomes, and the inhibition of ULK1 activity. Additionally, WP1130 can block the autophagic flux. Thus, treatment with WP1130 might represent an efficient tool to inhibit the autophagy-initiating ULK1 complex and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Drießen
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Niklas Berleth
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Olena Friesen
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Antje S Löffler
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Philip Böhler
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Nora Hieke
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Fabian Stuhldreier
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Christoph Peter
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Kay O Schink
- b Department of Biochemistry ; Institute for Cancer Research; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Sebastian W Schultz
- b Department of Biochemistry ; Institute for Cancer Research; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- b Department of Biochemistry ; Institute for Cancer Research; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Petter Holland
- c Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- c Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Sebastian Wesselborg
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine; Heinrich-Heine-University ; Düsseldorf , Germany
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Lim KH, Song MH, Baek KH. Decision for cell fate: deubiquitinating enzymes in cell cycle checkpoint. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1439-55. [PMID: 26762302 PMCID: PMC11108577 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
All organs consisting of single cells are consistently maintaining homeostasis in response to stimuli such as free oxygen, DNA damage, inflammation, and microorganisms. The cell cycle of all mammalian cells is regulated by protein expression in the right phase to respond to proliferation and apoptosis signals. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins by several protein-editing enzymes are associated with cell cycle regulation by their enzymatic functions. Ubiquitination, one of the PTMs, is also strongly related to cell cycle regulation by protein degradation or signal transduction. The importance of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which have a reversible function for ubiquitination, has recently suggested that the function of DUBs is also important for determining the fate of proteins during cell cycle processing. This article reviews and summarizes the diverse roles of DUBs, including DNA damage, cell cycle processing, and regulation of histone proteins, and also suggests the possibility for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-400, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Ubiquitination, the structured degradation and turnover of cellular proteins, is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Most proteins that are critical for cellular regulations and functions are targets of the process. Ubiquitination is comprised of a sequence of three enzymatic steps, and aberrations in the pathway can lead to tumor development and progression as observed in many cancer types. Recent evidence indicates that targeting the UPS is effective for certain cancer treatment, but many more potential targets might have been previously overlooked. In this review, we will discuss the current state of small molecules that target various elements of ubiquitination. Special attention will be given to novel inhibitors of E3 ubiquitin ligases, especially those in the SCF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kenneth Morrow
- Integrated Molecular Discovery Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuxing Zhang
- Integrated Molecular Discovery Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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D'Arcy P, Linder S. Molecular pathways: translational potential of deubiquitinases as drug targets. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 20:3908-14. [PMID: 25085788 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main system for controlled protein degradation and a key regulator of fundamental cellular processes. The dependency of cancer cells on a functioning UPS coupled with the clinical success of bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma have made the UPS an obvious target for drug development. Deubiquitinases (DUB) are components of the UPS that encompass a diverse family of ubiquitin isopeptidases that catalyze the removal of ubiquitin moieties from target proteins or from polyubiquitin chains, resulting in altered signaling or changes in protein stability. Increasing evidence has implicated deregulation of DUB activity in the initiation and progression of cancer. The altered pattern of DUB expression observed in many tumors can potentially serve as a clinical marker for predicting disease outcome and therapy response. The finding of DUB overexpression in tumor cells suggests that they may serve as novel targets for the development of anticancer therapies. Several specific and broad-spectrum DUB inhibitors are shown to have antitumor activity in preclinical in vivo models with low levels of systemic toxicity. Future studies will hopefully establish the clinical potential for DUB inhibitors as a strategy to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pádraig D'Arcy
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm and
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm and Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Chou DHC, Vetere A, Choudhary A, Scully SS, Schenone M, Tang A, Gomez R, Burns SM, Lundh M, Vital T, Comer E, Faloon PW, Dančík V, Ciarlo C, Paulk J, Dai M, Reddy C, Sun H, Young M, Donato N, Jaffe J, Clemons PA, Palmer M, Carr SA, Schreiber SL, Wagner BK. Kinase-Independent Small-Molecule Inhibition of JAK-STAT Signaling. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7929-34. [PMID: 26042473 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic cell-based screening is a powerful approach to small-molecule discovery, but a major challenge of this strategy lies in determining the intracellular target and mechanism of action (MoA) for validated hits. Here, we show that the small-molecule BRD0476, a novel suppressor of pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, inhibits interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling to promote β-cell survival. However, unlike common JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors, BRD0476 inhibits JAK-STAT signaling without suppressing the kinase activity of any JAK. Rather, we identified the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X (USP9X) as an intracellular target, using a quantitative proteomic analysis in rat β cells. RNAi-mediated and CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown mimicked the effects of BRD0476, and reverse chemical genetics using a known inhibitor of USP9X blocked JAK-STAT signaling without suppressing JAK activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of a putative ubiquitination site on JAK2 mitigated BRD0476 activity, suggesting a competition between phosphorylation and ubiquitination to explain small-molecule MoA. These results demonstrate that phenotypic screening, followed by comprehensive MoA efforts, can provide novel mechanistic insights into ostensibly well-understood cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, these results uncover USP9X as a potential target for regulating JAK2 activity in cellular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Hung-Chieh Chou
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | - Amit Choudhary
- §Society of Fellows, Harvard University, 78 Mount Auburn Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hanshi Sun
- #Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Matthew Young
- ∇Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicholas Donato
- #Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Stuart L Schreiber
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Potu H, Peterson LF, Pal A, Verhaegen M, Cao J, Talpaz M, Donato NJ. Usp5 links suppression of p53 and FAS levels in melanoma to the BRAF pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5559-69. [PMID: 24980819 PMCID: PMC4170643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Usp5 is a deubiquitinase (DUB) previously shown to regulate unanchored polyubiquitin (Ub) chains, p53 transcriptional activity and double-strand DNA repair. In BRAF mutant melanoma cells, Usp5 activity was suppressed by BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib) in sensitive but not in acquired or intrinsically resistant cells. Usp5 knockdown overcame acquired vemurafenib resistance and sensitized BRAF and NRAS mutant melanoma cells to apoptosis initiated by MEK inhibitor, cytokines or DNA-damaging agents. Knockdown and overexpression studies demonstrated that Usp5 regulates p53 (and p73) levels and alters cell growth and cell cycle distribution associated with p21 induction. Usp5 also regulates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by modulating p53-dependent FAS expression. A small molecule DUB inhibitor (EOAI3402143) phenocopied the FAS induction and apoptotic sensitization of Usp5 knockdown and fully blocked melanoma tumor growth in mice. Overall, our results demonstrate that BRAF activates Usp5 to suppress cell cycle checkpoint control and apoptosis by blocking p53 and FAS induction; all of which can be restored by small molecule-mediated Usp5 inhibition. These results suggest that Usp5 inhibition can provide an alternate approach in recovery of diminished p53 (or p73) function in melanoma and can add to the targeted therapies already used in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Potu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Luke F Peterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anupama Pal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Monique Verhaegen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Juxiang Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicholas J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
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38
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Thrane S, Pedersen AM, Thomsen MBH, Kirkegaard T, Rasmussen BB, Duun-Henriksen AK, Lænkholm AV, Bak M, Lykkesfeldt AE, Yde CW. A kinase inhibitor screen identifies Mcl-1 and Aurora kinase A as novel treatment targets in antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2014; 34:4199-210. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Cao MN, Zhou YB, Gao AH, Cao JY, Gao LX, Sheng L, Xu L, Su MB, Cao XC, Han MM, Wang MK, Li J. Curcusone D, a novel ubiquitin–proteasome pathway inhibitor via ROS-induced DUB inhibition, is synergistic with bortezomib against multiple myeloma cell growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2004-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chemical derivatives of a small molecule deubiquitinase inhibitor have antiviral activity against several RNA viruses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94491. [PMID: 24722666 PMCID: PMC3983190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most antiviral treatment options target the invading pathogen and unavoidably encounter loss of efficacy as the pathogen mutates to overcome replication restrictions. A good strategy for circumventing drug resistance, or for pathogens without treatment options, is to target host cell proteins that are utilized by viruses during infection. The small molecule WP1130 is a selective deubiquitinase inhibitor shown previously to successfully reduce replication of noroviruses and some other RNA viruses. In this study, we screened a library of 31 small molecule derivatives of WP1130 to identify compounds that retained the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the parent compound in vitro but exhibited improved drug-like properties, particularly increased aqueous solubility. Seventeen compounds significantly reduced murine norovirus infection in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, with four causing decreases in viral titers that were similar or slightly better than WP1130 (1.9 to 2.6 log scale). Antiviral activity was observed following pre-treatment and up to 1 hour postinfection in RAW 264.7 cells as well as in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. Treatment of the human norovirus replicon system cell line with the same four compounds also decreased levels of Norwalk virus RNA. No significant cytotoxicity was observed at the working concentration of 5 µM for all compounds tested. In addition, the WP1130 derivatives maintained their broad-spectrum antiviral activity against other RNA viruses, Sindbis virus, LaCrosse virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and Tulane virus. Thus, altering structural characteristics of WP1130 can maintain effective broad-spectrum antiviral activity while increasing aqueous solubility.
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41
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Ablation of the oncogenic transcription factor ERG by deubiquitinase inhibition in prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:4251-6. [PMID: 24591637 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322198111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor E-twenty-six related gene (ERG), which is overexpressed through gene fusion with the androgen-responsive gene transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) in ∼40% of prostate tumors, is a key driver of prostate carcinogenesis. Ablation of ERG would disrupt a key oncogenic transcriptional circuit and could be a promising therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer treatment. Here, we show that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked (USP9X), a deubiquitinase enzyme, binds ERG in VCaP prostate cancer cells expressing TMPRSS2-ERG and deubiquitinates ERG in vitro. USP9X knockdown resulted in increased levels of ubiquitinated ERG and was coupled with depletion of ERG. Treatment with the USP9X inhibitor WP1130 resulted in ERG degradation both in vivo and in vitro, impaired the expression of genes enriched in ERG and prostate cancer relevant gene signatures in microarray analyses, and inhibited growth of ERG-positive tumors in three mouse xenograft models. Thus, we identified USP9X as a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer cells and established WP1130 as a lead compound for the development of ERG-depleting drugs.
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Tanaka R, Kimura S. Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors for overriding Bcr–Abl/T315I: from the second to third generation. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 8:1387-98. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.9.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Dou QP. Deubiquitinating Enzymes as Novel Targets for Cancer Therapies. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2014. [PMCID: PMC7123001 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06752-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most ubiquitinated proteins can be recognized and degraded by the 26S proteasome. In the meantime, protein deubiquitination by various deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) regulates protein stability within cells, and it can counterbalance intracellular homeostasis mediated by ubiquitination. Numerous reports have demonstrated that an aberrant process of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) regulated by the ubiquitination and deubiquitination systems results in failure of balancing between protein stability and degradation, and this failure can lead to tumorigenesis in various organs and tissues of mammals. The identification of molecular properties for various DUBs is very critical to understand cancer development and tumorigenesis. Therefore, knowledge of DUBs and their association with cancer and diseases is indispensible for developing effective inhibitors for DUBs. This chapter describes various features and functions of cancer-related DUBs. In addition, we summarize several inhibitors that specifically target certain DUBs in cancer and suggest that DUBs may be one of the most ideal and attractive therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Ping Dou
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan USA
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44
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Nanduri B, Suvarnapunya AE, Venkatesan M, Edelmann MJ. Deubiquitinating enzymes as promising drug targets for infectious diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:3234-47. [PMID: 23151130 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319180008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remove ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifications from proteins and they have been known to contribute to processes relevant in microbial infection, such as immune responses pathways. Numerous viral and bacterial DUBs have been identified, and activities of several host DUBs are known to be modulated during the infection process, either by a pathogen or by a host. Recently there have been attempts to take advantage of this feature and design therapeutic inhibitors of DUBs that can be used to limit the spread of infection. This review is focused on exploring the potential of DUBs in the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Nanduri
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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45
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Shen M, Schmitt S, Buac D, Dou QP. Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1091-108. [PMID: 23822887 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.815728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) degrades 80 - 90% of intracellular proteins. Cancer cells take advantage of the UPS for their increased growth and decreased apoptotic cell death. Thus, the components that make up the UPS represent a diverse group of potential anti-cancer targets. The success of the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib not only proved that the proteasome is a feasible and valuable anti-cancer target, but also inspired researchers to extensively explore other potential targets of this pathway. AREAS COVERED This review provides a broad overview of the UPS and its role in supporting cancer development and progression, especially in aspects of p53 inactivation, p27 turnover and NF-κB activation. Also, efforts toward the development of small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) targeting different steps in this pathway for cancer treatment are reviewed and discussed. EXPERT OPINION Whereas some of the targets in the UPS, such as the 20S proteasome, Nedd8 activating enzyme and HDM2, have been well-established and validated, there remains a large pool of candidates waiting to be investigated. Development of SMIs targeting the UPS has been largely facilitated by state-of-the-art technologies such as high-throughput screening and computer-assisted drug design, both of which require a better understanding of the targets of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Wei W, Huang H, Zhao S, Liu W, Liu CX, Chen L, Li JM, Wu YL, Yan H. Alantolactone induces apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia sensitive or resistant to imatinib through NF-κB inhibition and Bcr/Abl protein deletion. Apoptosis 2013; 18:1060-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Peddaboina C, Jupiter D, Fletcher S, Yap JL, Rai A, Tobin RP, Jiang W, Rascoe P, Rogers MKN, Smythe WR, Cao X. The downregulation of Mcl-1 via USP9X inhibition sensitizes solid tumors to Bcl-xl inhibition. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:541. [PMID: 23171055 PMCID: PMC3543233 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been shown in many solid tumors that the overexpression of the pro-survival Bcl-2 family members Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 confers resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. Mcl-1 is a critical survival protein in a variety of cell lineages and is critically regulated via ubiquitination. Methods The Mcl-1, Bcl-xL and USP9X expression patterns in human lung and colon adenocarcinomas were evaluated via immunohistochemistry. Interaction between USP9X and Mcl-1 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation-western blotting. The protein expression profiles of Mcl-1, Bcl-xL and USP9X in multiple cancer cell lines were determined by western blotting. Annexin-V staining and cleaved PARP western blotting were used to assay for apoptosis. The cellular toxicities after various treatments were measured via the XTT assay. Results In our current analysis of colon and lung cancer samples, we demonstrate that Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL are overexpressed and also co-exist in many tumors and that the expression levels of both genes correlate with the clinical staging. The downregulation of Mcl-1 or Bcl-xL via RNAi was found to increase the sensitivity of the tumor cells to chemotherapy. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that USP9X expression correlates with that of Mcl-1 in human cancer tissue samples. We additionally found that the USP9X inhibitor WP1130 promotes Mcl-1 degradation and increases tumor cell sensitivity to chemotherapies. Moreover, the combination of WP1130 and ABT-737, a well-documented Bcl-xL inhibitor, demonstrated a chemotherapeutic synergy and promoted apoptosis in different tumor cells. Conclusion Mcl-1, Bcl-xL and USP9X overexpression are tumor survival mechanisms protective against chemotherapy. USP9X inhibition increases tumor cell sensitivity to various chemotherapeutic agents including Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander Peddaboina
- Department of Surgery, Scott & White Memorial Hospital and Clinic, The Texas A&M University System, Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA
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Antiviral activity of a small molecule deubiquitinase inhibitor occurs via induction of the unfolded protein response. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002783. [PMID: 22792064 PMCID: PMC3390402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub) is a vital regulatory component in various cellular processes, including cellular responses to viral infection. As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses have the capacity to manipulate the ubiquitin (Ub) cycle to their advantage by encoding Ub-modifying proteins including deubiquitinases (DUBs). However, how cellular DUBs modulate specific viral infections, such as norovirus, is poorly understood. To examine the role of DUBs during norovirus infection, we used WP1130, a small molecule inhibitor of a subset of cellular DUBs. Replication of murine norovirus in murine macrophages and the human norovirus Norwalk virus in a replicon system were significantly inhibited by WP1130. Chemical proteomics identified the cellular DUB USP14 as a target of WP1130 in murine macrophages, and pharmacologic inhibition or siRNA-mediated knockdown of USP14 inhibited murine norovirus infection. USP14 is a proteasome-associated DUB that also binds to inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), a critical mediator of the unfolded protein response (UPR). WP1130 treatment of murine macrophages did not alter proteasome activity but activated the X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) through an IRE1-dependent mechanism. In addition, WP1130 treatment or induction of the UPR also reduced infection of other RNA viruses including encephalomyocarditis virus, Sindbis virus, and La Crosse virus but not vesicular stomatitis virus. Pharmacologic inhibition of the IRE1 endonuclease activity partially rescued the antiviral effect of WP1130. Taken together, our studies support a model whereby induction of the UPR through cellular DUB inhibition blocks specific viral infections, and suggest that cellular DUBs and the UPR represent novel targets for future development of broad spectrum antiviral therapies. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are enzymes, which are implicated in many cellular processes but their functions during virus infection are not well understood. We used WP1130, a small molecule inhibitor of a subset of DUBs, as a probe to unravel the functions of DUBs during norovirus infections. We identified USP14 as a cellular DUB target of WP1130 that is required for optimal norovirus infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that chemical induction of the unfolded protein response can significantly inhibit viral progeny production of several RNA viruses, including noroviruses. These results suggest that chemical inhibition of cellular DUBs and/or modulation of the unfolded protein response could represent novel targets for therapy against a variety of viral pathogens.
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Packer LM, Rana S, Hayward R, O'Hare T, Eide CA, Rebocho A, Heidorn S, Zabriskie MS, Niculescu-Duvaz I, Druker BJ, Springer C, Marais R. Nilotinib and MEK inhibitors induce synthetic lethality through paradoxical activation of RAF in drug-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:715-27. [PMID: 22169110 PMCID: PMC3951999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib possess weak off-target activity against RAF and, therefore, drive paradoxical activation of BRAF and CRAF in a RAS-dependent manner. Critically, because RAS is activated by BCR-ABL, in drug-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, RAS activity persists in the presence of these drugs, driving paradoxical activation of BRAF, CRAF, MEK, and ERK, and leading to an unexpected dependency on the pathway. Consequently, nilotinib synergizes with MEK inhibitors to kill drug-resistant CML cells and block tumor growth in mice. Thus, we show that imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib drive paradoxical RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activation and have uncovered a synthetic lethal interaction that can be used to kill drug-resistant CML cells in vitro and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Benzamides/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dasatinib
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Synergism
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Genes, ras
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- raf Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisl M. Packer
- Division of Tumour Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Sareena Rana
- Division of Tumour Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hayward
- Division of Tumour Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas O'Hare
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112-5550, UT
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher A. Eide
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ana Rebocho
- Division of Tumour Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Heidorn
- Division of Tumour Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S. Zabriskie
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ion Niculescu-Duvaz
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J. Druker
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Caroline Springer
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Marais
- Division of Tumour Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
- Address for correspondence: Professor Richard Marais, Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom, Tel: +44 207 153 5171
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Pharmacological targets in the ubiquitin system offer new ways of treating cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infectious diseases. Expert Rev Mol Med 2011; 13:e35. [PMID: 22088887 PMCID: PMC3219211 DOI: 10.1017/s1462399411002031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development and discovery of pharmacological interventions within
the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) have uncovered an enormous potential for
possible novel treatments of neurodegenerative disease, cancer, immunological disorder and
microbial infection. Interference with proteasome activity, although initially considered
unlikely to be exploitable clinically, has already proved to be very effective against
haematological malignancies, and more specific derivatives that target subsets of
proteasomes are emerging. Recent small-molecule screens have revealed inhibitors against
ubiquitin-conjugating and -deconjugating enzymes, many of which have been evaluated for
their potential use as therapeutics, either as single agents or in synergy with other
drugs. Here, we discuss recent advances in the characterisation of novel UPS modulators
(in particular, inhibitors of ubiquitin-conjugating and -deconjugating enzymes) and how
they pave the way towards new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of proteotoxic
disease, cancer and microbial infection.
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