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Zou F, Wu MMH, Tan Z, Lu G, Kwok KWH, Leng Z. Ecotoxicological risk of asphalt pavements to aquatic animals associated with pollutant leaching. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173985. [PMID: 38876354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Contaminants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be released from asphalt pavement and transported through stormwater runoff to nearby water bodies, leading to water pollution and potential harm to living aquatic animals. This study characterizes the heavy metal and PAH leaching from various asphalt paving materials and their potential ecotoxicological effects on zebrafish Danio rerio. Artificial runoffs were prepared in the laboratory concerning the effects of water, temperature, and traffic. The concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs in the leachates were quantified, while the toxicity assessment encompassed mortality, metal stress, PAH toxicity, inflammation, carcinogenicity, and oxidative damage. Gene expressions of related proteins or transcription factors were assessed, including metallothionines, aryl hydrocarbon receptors, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor suppressor p53, heat shock protein 70, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The findings demonstrate that leachates from asphalt pavements containing waste bottom ash, crumb rubber, or specific chemicals could induce notable stress and inflammation responses in zebrafish. In addition, potential carcinogenic effects and the elevation of ROS were identified within certain treatment groups. This study represents the first attempt to assess the ecotoxicity of pavement leachates employing a live fish model, thereby improving the current understanding of the environmental impact of asphalt pavements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuliao Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Margaret M H Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhifei Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Guoyang Lu
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin W H Kwok
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Zhen Leng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Centre for Resources Engineering towards Carbon Neutrality, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Yiwen W, Xiaohan T, Chunfeng Z, Xiaoyu Y, Yaodong M, Huanhuan Q. Genetics of metallothioneins in Drosophilamelanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132562. [PMID: 34653491 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are ubiquitous metal-chelating proteins involved in cellular metal homeostasis. MTs were found to be related with almost all the biological processes and their malfunctioning is responsible for a lot of important human diseases. Invertebrate MTs were also used broadly as biomarkers of metal contamination due to their inducible expression by metal exposure. MT system plays a significant role in maintaining human health and ecological stability. Drosophila melanogaster, the vinegar fly, is a perfect model for studying insect MT systems. Six MTs were identified in D. melanogaster, and were designated MtnA to F. All the MTs are considered as Cu-thioneins except for MtnF, which is putatively a Zn-thionein. Expression of all the MTs are regulated by MTF-1/MRE system, thus being able to be induced by heavy metal exposure. The expression pattern and function of separated MTs are partially overlapped and partially distinct. In this work, we made a summary of all the studies on D. melanogaster MTs. From this review, we noted that, compared with studies on mammalian MTs, the understanding of the MT system of D. melanogaster and other invertebrates, especially the regulation mechanism for MT expression and protein-protein interaction with them, is still in a low level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yiwen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian Xiaohan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhu Chunfeng
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Xiaoyu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Yaodong
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300250, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiao Huanhuan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
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Mohafrash SMM, Hassan EE, El-Shaer NH, Mossa ATH. Detoxification gene expression, genotoxicity, and hepatorenal damage induced by subacute exposure to the new pyrethroid, imiprothrin, in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13044-z. [PMID: 33638779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pyrethroid imiprothrin is widely used worldwide for control of insects in the agriculture and public health sectors. No sufficient information is however available concerning detoxification gene expression, i.e., cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) and metallothionein 1a gene, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and organ injury induced by imiprothrin in mammals. This study is designed to explain the mechanism of imiprothrin induced detoxification gene expression, DNA damage, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and organ toxicity in male rats. The benchmark dose (BMD) was calculated to find the best sensitive markers to imiprothrin toxicity. Imiprothrin was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into male rats once a day for 5 days with doses of 19, 38, and 75 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.). Imiprothrin caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and changes in oxidative stress biomarkers in treated rats. Significant dose-dependent changes in the liver and kidney biomarkers were observed. Histopathological alterations were seen in the liver and kidney tissue of male rats. Imiprothrin also significantly increased chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei in bone-marrow cells, and induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and liver and kidney dysfunction, and damage. Imiprothrin induced DNA damage and over detoxification gene expression of CYP1A2 and metallothionein 1a gene in hepatocytes of male rats. Imiprothrin thus shows clastogenic and genotoxic potential. The mechanism for hepatorenal toxicity and injury, genotoxicity/cytotoxicity of imiprothrin might be due to enhanced lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress associated with overproduction of free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species, and an imbalance in redox status. From the BMD models, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, uric acid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and micronuclei (MPEs) were very sensitive markers to imiprothrin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia M M Mohafrash
- Pesticide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth Street (former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Giza, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Entesar E Hassan
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth Street (former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Giza, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Nahla H El-Shaer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Tawab H Mossa
- Pesticide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth Street (former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Giza, Dokki, Egypt.
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Wang L, Xin F, Lin N, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu J. Metallothioneins may be a potential prognostic biomarker for tumors: A Prisma-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13786. [PMID: 30593161 PMCID: PMC6314702 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metallothioneins (MTs) were reported to be associated with many kinds of tumors' prognosis, although MTs expression varied greatly among tumors. To assess the prognostic value of Metallothioneins (MTs) in different kinds of tumors, comprehensive literature search was conducted to perform a meta-analysis. METHODS Eligible studies were identified by PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG database and SinoMed database up to December 2017, which was designed to assess the prognostic value of MTs in different kinds of tumors. The main endpoint events were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and its variance were retrieved from the original studies directly or calculated using Engauge Digitizer version 4.1. Random or fixed effects model meta-analysis was employed depending on the heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots, Begg and Egger tests. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 2843 tumor tissues (1517 were MTs negative/low, and 1326 were MTs high). Results showed that there was significant association between MTs expression and tumors' OS (HR = 1.60; 95%CI 1.34∼1.92, P < .00001). Subgroup analysis showed that high level of MTs expression was associated with prolonged OS in liver cancer (HR = 0.65, 95%CI 0.48∼0.89, P = .007), but it was on the contrary in the tumor of ovary (HR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.01∼2.14, P = .04), bladder (HR = 1.71, 95%CI 1.21∼2.42, P = .002), intestine (HR = 3.13, 95%CI 1.97∼4.97, P < .00001), kidney (HR = 3.31, 95%CI 1.61∼6.79, P = .001). However, there was no significant association between MTs expression and OS in breast (HR = 1.02, 95%CI 0.69∼1.51, P = .93). CONCLUSIONS MTs could be taken as a potential prognostic biomarker for tumors, and uniqueness of MTs prognostic value in liver cancer deserved further study.
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Kumar SK, Rajkumar SV. The multiple myelomas — current concepts in cytogenetic classification and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018; 15:409-421. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nielsen AE, Bohr A, Penkowa M. The Balance between Life and Death of Cells: Roles of Metallothioneins. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190600100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) is a highly conserved, low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich protein that occurs in 4 isoforms (MT-I to MT-IV), of which MT-I+II are the major and best characterized proteins. This review will focus on mammalian MT-I+II and their functional impact upon cellular survival and death, as seen in two rather contrasting pathological conditions: Neurodegeneration and neoplasms. MT-I+II have analogous functions including: 1) Antioxidant scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS); 2) Cytoprotection against degeneration and apoptosis; 3) Stimulation of cell growth and repair including angiogenesis/revascularization, activation of stem/progenitor cells, and neuroregeneration. Thereby, MT-I+II mediate neuroprotection, CNS restoration and clinical recovery during neurodegenerative disorders. Due to the promotion of cell survival, increased MT-I+II levels have been associated with poor tumor prognosis, although the data are less clear and direct causative roles of MT-I+II in oncogenesis remain to be identified. The MT-I+II molecular mechanisms of actions are not fully elucidated. However, their role in metal ion homeostasis might be fundamental in controlling Zn-dependent transcription factors, protein synthesis, cellular energy levels/metabolism and cell redox state. Here, the neuroprotective and regenerative functions of MT-I+II are reviewed, and the presumed link to oncogenesis is critically perused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Evald Nielsen
- Section of Neuroprotection, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism
- The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Bohr
- Section of Neuroprotection, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism
- The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Milena Penkowa
- Section of Neuroprotection, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism
- The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Krizkova S, Kepinska M, Emri G, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M, Pokorna P, Heger Z, Adam V. An insight into the complex roles of metallothioneins in malignant diseases with emphasis on (sub)isoforms/isoforms and epigenetics phenomena. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:90-117. [PMID: 28987322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) belong to a group of small cysteine-rich proteins that are ubiquitous throughout all kingdoms. The main function of MTs is scavenging of free radicals and detoxification and homeostating of heavy metals. In humans, 16 genes localized on chromosome 16 have been identified to encode four MT isoforms labelled by numbers (MT-1-MT-4). MT-2, MT-3 and MT-4 proteins are encoded by a single gene. MT-1 comprises many (sub)isoforms. The known active MT-1 genes are MT-1A, -1B, -1E, -1F, -1G, -1H, -1M and -1X. The rest of the MT-1 genes (MT-1C, -1D, -1I, -1J and -1L) are pseudogenes. The expression and localization of individual MT (sub)isoforms and pseudogenes vary at intra-cellular level and in individual tissues. Changes in MT expression are associated with the process of carcinogenesis of various types of human malignancies, or with a more aggressive phenotype and therapeutic resistance. Hence, MT (sub)isoform profiling status could be utilized for diagnostics and therapy of tumour diseases. This review aims on a comprehensive summary of methods for analysis of MTs at (sub)isoforms levels, their expression in single tumour diseases and strategies how this knowledge can be utilized in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Krizkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pokorna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Harbi S, Park H, Gregory M, Lopez P, Chiriboga L, Mignatti P. Arrested Development: Infantile Hemangioma and the Stem Cell Teratogenic Hypothesis. Lymphat Res Biol 2017; 15:153-165. [PMID: 28520518 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2016.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life programming is defined by the adaptive changes made by the fetus in response to an adverse in utero environment. Infantile hemangioma (IH), a vascular anomaly, is the most common tumor of infancy. Here we take IH as the tumor model to propose the stem cell teratogenic hypothesis of tumorigenesis and the potential involvement of the immune system. OBJECTIVES Teratogenic agents include chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens, and ionizing radiation. To investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of IH, we hypothesized that they result from a teratogenic mechanism. Immature, incompletely differentiated, dysregulated progenitor cells (multipotential stem cells) are arrested in development with vasculogenic, angiogenic, and tumorigenic potential due to exposure to teratogenic agents such as extrinsic factors that disrupt intrinsic factors via molecular mimicry. During the critical period of immunological tolerance, environmental exposure to immunotoxic agents may harness the teratogenic potential in the developing embryo or fetus and modify the early-life programming algorithm by altering normal fetal development, causing malformations, and inducing tumorigenesis. Specifically, exposure to environmental agents may interfere with physiological signaling pathways and contribute to the generation of IH, by several mechanisms. DISCUSSION An adverse in utero environment no longer serves as a sustainable environment for proper embryogenesis and normal development. Targeted disruption of stem cells by extrinsic factors can alter the genetic program. CONCLUSIONS This article offers new perspectives to stimulate discussion, explore novel experimental approaches (such as immunotoxicity/vasculotoxicity assays and novel isogenic models), and to address the questions raised to convert the hypotheses into nontoxic, noninvasive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Park
- 2 Department of Epidemiology, University of California , Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Michael Gregory
- 3 Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Peter Lopez
- 3 Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- 3 Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Paolo Mignatti
- 4 Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York.,5 Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York
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de Carvalho S, Mansur A, Mansur H, Guedes M, Lobato Z, Leite M. In vitro and in vivo assessment of nanotoxicity of CdS quantum dot/aminopolysaccharide bionanoconjugates. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:412-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mansur AAP, Mansur HS, de Carvalho SM, Lobato ZIP, Guedes MIMC, Leite MF. Surface biofunctionalized CdS and ZnS quantum dot nanoconjugates for nanomedicine and oncology: to be or not to be nanotoxic? Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4669-4690. [PMID: 27695325 PMCID: PMC5028090 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s115208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, for the first time, we demonstrated that novel biofunctionalized semiconductor nanomaterials made of Cd-containing fluorescent quantum dot nanoconjugates with the surface capped by an aminopolysaccharide are not biologically safe for clinical applications. Conversely, the ZnS-based nanoconjugates proved to be noncytotoxic, considering all the parameters investigated. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity were remarkably dependent on the chemical composition of quantum dot (CdS or ZnS), the nature of the cell (human cancerous and embryonic types), and the concentration and time period of exposure to these nanomaterials, caused by the effects of Cd2+ on the complex nanotoxicity pathways involved in cellular uptake. Unexpectedly, no decisive evidence of nanotoxicity of CdS and ZnS conjugates was observed in vivo using intravenous injections in BALB/c mice for 30 days, with minor localized fluorescence detected in liver tissue specimens. Therefore, these results proved that CdS nanoconjugates could pose an excessive threat for clinical applications due to unpredicted and uncorrelated in vitro and in vivo responses caused by highly toxic cadmium ions at biointerfaces. On the contrary, ZnS nanoconjugates proved that the "safe by design" concept used in this research (ie, biocompatible core-shell nanostructures) could benefit a plethora of applications in nanomedicine and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra AP Mansur
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNanoI, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
| | - Herman S Mansur
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNanoI, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
| | - Sandhra M de Carvalho
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNanoI, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zélia IP Lobato
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School
| | | | - Maria F Leite
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Dziegiel P, Pula B, Kobierzycki C, Stasiolek M, Podhorska-Okolow M. The Role of Metallothioneins in Carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27472-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Takahashi S. Positive and negative regulators of the metallothionein gene (review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:795-9. [PMID: 25760317 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal-binding proteins involved in diverse processes, including metal homeostasis and detoxification, the oxidative stress response and cell proliferation. Aberrant expression and silencing of these genes are important in a number of diseases. Several positive regulators of MT genes, including metal-responsive element-binding transcription factor (MTF)-1 and upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-1, have been identified and mechanisms of induction have been well described. However, the negative regulators of MT genes remain to be elucidated. Previous studies from the group of the present review have revealed that the hematopoietic master transcription factor, PU.1, directly represses the expression levels of MT genes through its epigenetic activities, and upregulation of MT results in the potent inhibition of myeloid differentiation. The present review focuses on PU.1 and several other negative regulators of this gene, including PZ120, DNA methyltransferase 3a with Mbd3 and Brg1 complex, CCAAT enhancer binding protein α and Ku protein, and describes the suppression of the MT genes through these transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Division of Hematology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252‑0373, Japan
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Montraveta A, Xargay-Torrent S, López-Guerra M, Rosich L, Pérez-Galán P, Salaverria I, Beà S, Kalko SG, de Frias M, Campàs C, Roué G, Colomer D. Synergistic anti-tumor activity of acadesine (AICAR) in combination with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in in vivo and in vitro models of mantle cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:726-39. [PMID: 24519895 PMCID: PMC3996675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is considered one of the most challenging lymphoma, with limited responses to current therapies. Acadesine, a nucleoside analogue has shown antitumoral effects in different preclinical cancer models as well as in a recent phase I/II clinical trial conducted in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Here we observed that acadesine exerted a selective antitumoral activity in the majority of MCL cell lines and primary MCL samples, independently of adverse cytogenetic factors. Moreover, acadesine was highly synergistic, both in vitro and in vivo, with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, commonly used in combination therapy for MCL. Gene expression profiling analysis in harvested tumors suggested that acadesine modulates immune response, actin cytoskeleton organization and metal binding, pointing out a substantial impact on metabolic processes by the nucleoside analog. Rituximab also induced changes on metal binding and immune responses. The combination of both drugs enhanced the gene signature corresponding to each single agent, showing an enrichment of genes involved in inflammation, metabolic stress, apoptosis and proliferation. These effects could be important as aberrant apoptotic and proinflammatory pathways play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MCL. In summary, our results suggest that acadesine exerts a cytotoxic effect in MCL in combination with rituximab, by decreasing the proliferative and survival signatures of the disease, thus supporting the clinical examination of this strategy in MCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Montraveta
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Chitambar CR, Antholine WE. Iron-targeting antitumor activity of gallium compounds and novel insights into triapine(®)-metal complexes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:956-72. [PMID: 22900955 PMCID: PMC3557436 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Despite advances made in the treatment of cancer, a significant number of patients succumb to this disease every year. Hence, there is a great need to develop new anticancer agents. RECENT ADVANCES Emerging data show that malignant cells have a greater requirement for iron than normal cells do and that proteins involved in iron import, export, and storage may be altered in cancer cells. Therefore, strategies to perturb these iron-dependent steps in malignant cells hold promise for the treatment of cancer. Recent studies show that gallium compounds and metal-thiosemicarbazone complexes inhibit tumor cell growth by targeting iron homeostasis, including iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase. Chemical similarities of gallium(III) with iron(III) enable the former to mimic the latter and interpose itself in critical iron-dependent steps in cellular proliferation. Newer gallium compounds have emerged with additional mechanisms of action. In clinical trials, the first-generation-compound gallium nitrate has exhibited activity against bladder cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, while the thiosemicarbazone Triapine(®) has demonstrated activity against other tumors. CRITICAL ISSUES Novel gallium compounds with greater cytotoxicity and a broader spectrum of antineoplastic activity than gallium nitrate should continue to be developed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The antineoplastic activity and toxicity of the existing novel gallium compounds and thiosemicarbazone-metal complexes should be tested in animal tumor models and advanced to Phase I and II clinical trials. Future research should identify biologic markers that predict tumor sensitivity to gallium compounds. This will help direct gallium-based therapy to cancer patients who are most likely to benefit from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Chitambar
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
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Takahashi S. Molecular functions of metallothionein and its role in hematological malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:41. [PMID: 22839501 PMCID: PMC3419633 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) was reported to be a potential negative regulator of apoptosis, and various reports have suggested that it may play roles in carcinogenesis and drug resistance, in at least a portion of cancer cells. The author summarizes the current understanding of the molecular functions of MT for tumor cell growth and drug resistance. These activities are regulated through intracellular metal ion modulation and free radical scavenging. Compared with analyses of solid tumors, few studies have analyzed the roles of MT in hematological malignancies. This review mainly describes the functions of MT in hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, through expression analyses of leukemias and lymphomas, the roles of MT in the biology of these diseases are particularly focused upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Takahashi
- Division of Hematology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Japan.
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Emri E, Egervari K, Varvolgyi T, Rozsa D, Miko E, Dezso B, Veres I, Mehes G, Emri G, Remenyik E. Correlation among metallothionein expression, intratumoural macrophage infiltration and the risk of metastasis in human cutaneous malignant melanoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:e320-7. [PMID: 22817475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of metastases and the efficacy of systemic therapies in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) depend on the characteristics of the tumour cells and the host immune response. Aberrant expression of metallothionein (MT) has been observed in several types of cancers with poor prognoses. OBJECTIVE To perform an immunohistochemical study on primary CMM comparing the MT expression of tumours without metastases (n = 23) to that of samples with haematogenous metastases (n = 23) and to examine the correlation between MT staining and immunological markers relevant in CMM progression. METHODS The immunohistochemical labelling of different tumour sections was analysed using tissue microarrays for the evaluation of the suitability of this method in future studies. RESULTS Our results suggest that MT overexpression is significantly more frequent in primary CMM with haematogenous metastases (P = 0.018) and that the overexpression is independent of the Breslow tumour thickness (R = 0.102, P = 0.501). Interestingly, MT overexpression of the tumour cells was correlated with the presence of tumour-infiltrating CD68(+) macrophages (P = 0.003), a known predictive factor for melanoma progression, thereby suggesting a role for MT in the development of a defective host immune response. Furthermore, the presence of CD163(+) macrophages infiltrating the tumours correlated with metastasis formation (P < 0.001), whereas the presence CD1a(+) dendritic cells surrounding the tumours was associated with a lower risk of haematogenous spread (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that MT may represent a suitable prognostic factor that can characterize the metastasising ability of CMM and the tumour-promoting host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Emri
- Department of Dermatology, and Institute of Pathology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Chigrinova E, Mian M, Shen Y, Greiner TC, Chan WC, Vose JM, Inghirami G, Chiappella A, Baldini L, Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJM, Franceschetti S, Gaidano G, Tucci A, Facchetti F, Lazure T, Lambotte O, Montes-Moreno S, Piris MA, Zucca E, Kwee I, Bertoni F. Integrated profiling of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with 7q gain. Br J Haematol 2011; 153:499-503. [PMID: 21418177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To characterize diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with chromosome 7 gains, we combined clinical data with genomic, RNA and miRNA profiling. Gains were associated with age >60 years, female gender, a trend for higher complete response rate, lower death rate, and better overall survival in patients treated with R-CHOP. Lesions were inversely associated with bone marrow involvement and number of extra-nodal sites. Differentially expressed transcripts were enriched of genes belonging to specific pathways and miRNAs targets. MIR96, MIR182, MIR589, MIR25 were shown significantly up-regulated in 7q+ DLBCL by real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Chigrinova
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Lymphoma Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, via Vincenzo Vela 6, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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18
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Prognostic markers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Keys to the underlying biology. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2010; 2:235-41. [PMID: 20425375 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-007-0032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prognostic markers identify subgroups of patients with similar risk profiles, helping to guide clinical care. The addition of rituximab to conventional anthracycline-based chemotherapy has improved clinical outcomes for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Studies suggest that rituximab eliminates or modulates the significance of some markers (eg, BCL6 or BCL2), whereas other previously unimportant markers may emerge as significant prognostic indicators in the setting of treatment that now includes rituximab. These changes in the prognostic profile are likely to reflect the impact of rituximab on survival pathways important to some groups of patients with DLBCL but not to other groups, and thereby may provide clues to the underlying biology of the disease. They also identify subgroups of patients likely to benefit most from rituximab therapy and those who seem to garner no advantage from its inclusion in their treatment. Studies of prognostic indicators in the context of modern therapy have the potential to identify new, rational therapeutic targets for this biologically diverse disease.
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Abstract
Background Thiol-rich peptides and proteins possess a large number of biological activities and may serve as markers for numerous health problems including cancer. Metallothionein (MT), a small molecular mass protein rich in cysteine, may be considered as one of the promising tumour markers. The aim of this paper was to employ chronopotentiometric stripping analysis (CPSA) for highly sensitive detection of MT. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we used adsorptive transfer stripping technique coupled with CPSA for detection of cysteine, glutathione oxidized and reduced, phytochelatin, bovine serum albumin, and metallothionein. Under the optimal conditions, we were able to estimate detection limits down to tens of fg per ml. Further, this method was applied to detect metallothioneins in blood serum obtained from patients with breast cancer and in neuroblastoma cells resistant and sensitive to cisplatin in order to show the possible role of metallothioneins in carcinogenesis. It was found that MT level in blood serum was almost twice higher as compared to the level determined in healthy individuals. Conclusions/Significance This paper brings unique results on the application of ultra-sensitive electroanalytical method for metallothionein detection. The detection limit and other analytical parameters are the best among the parameters of other techniques. In spite of the fact that the paper is mainly focused on metallothionein, it is worth mentioning that successful detection of other biologically important molecules is possible by this method. Coupling of this method with simple isolation methods such as antibody-modified paramagnetic particles may be implemented to lab–on-chip instrument.
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Chitambar CR. Medical applications and toxicities of gallium compounds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:2337-61. [PMID: 20623028 PMCID: PMC2898053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7052337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two to three decades, gallium compounds have gained importance in the fields of medicine and electronics. In clinical medicine, radioactive gallium and stable gallium nitrate are used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in cancer and disorders of calcium and bone metabolism. In addition, gallium compounds have displayed anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity in animal models of human disease while more recent studies have shown that gallium compounds may function as antimicrobial agents against certain pathogens. In a totally different realm, the chemical properties of gallium arsenide have led to its use in the semiconductor industry. Gallium compounds, whether used medically or in the electronics field, have toxicities. Patients receiving gallium nitrate for the treatment of various diseases may benefit from such therapy, but knowledge of the therapeutic index of this drug is necessary to avoid clinical toxicities. Animals exposed to gallium arsenide display toxicities in certain organ systems suggesting that environmental risks may exist for individuals exposed to this compound in the workplace. Although the arsenic moiety of gallium arsenide appears to be mainly responsible for its pulmonary toxicity, gallium may contribute to some of the detrimental effects in other organs. The use of older and newer gallium compounds in clinical medicine may be advanced by a better understanding of their mechanisms of action, drug resistance, pharmacology, and side-effects. This review will discuss the medical applications of gallium and its mechanisms of action, the newer gallium compounds and future directions for development, and the toxicities of gallium compounds in current use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Chitambar
- Division of Neoplastic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Grabellus F, Sheu SY, Tötsch M, Lehmann N, Kaiser GM, Jasani B, Taeger G, Schmid KW. Overexpression of the drug resistance-associated protein metallothionein does not correlate with response of sarcomas to isolated limb perfusion treatment. J Surg Oncol 2010; 101:465-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Imoto A, Okada M, Okazaki T, Kitasato H, Harigae H, Takahashi S. Metallothionein-1 isoforms and vimentin are direct PU.1 downstream target genes in leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10300-9. [PMID: 20139074 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.095810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PU.1 is a key transcription factor for hematopoiesis and plays important roles in various hematological malignancies. To clarify the molecular function of PU.1, we initially tried to identify bona fide target genes regulated by PU.1. Dual microarrays were employed for this study to compare PU.1-knockdown K562 cells (K562PU.1KD) stably expressing PU.1 short inhibitory RNAs versus control cells and PU.1-overexpressing K562 cells (K562PU.1OE) versus control cells. In these analyses, we found that several genes, including metallothionein (MT)-1 isoforms (MT-1G and MT-1A) and vimentin (VIM), were markedly induced while Jun dimerization protein (JDP) 2 was suppressed in K562PU.1KD cells. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of the MT-1 and VIM genes were inversely correlated and the mRNA expression of JDP2 was positively correlated with PU.1 mRNA expression in 43 primary acute myeloid leukemia specimens (MT-1G: R = -0.50, p < 0.001; MT-1A: R = -0.58, p < 0.0005; VIM: R = -0.39, p < 0.01; and JDP2: R = 0.30, p < 0.05). Next, we analyzed the regulation of the MT-1 and VIM genes. We observed increased associations of acetylated histones H3 and H4 with the promoters of these genes in K562PU.1KD cells. Sequence analyses of the regions approximately 1 kb upstream from the transcription start sites of these genes revealed numerous CpG sites, which are potential targets for DNA methylation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and PU.1 bound to the CpG-rich regions in the MT-1 and VIM promoters. Bisulfite sequencing analyses of the PU.1-bound regions of these promoters revealed that the proportions of methylated CpG sites were tightly related to the PU.1 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Imoto
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
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Pedersen MØ, Hansen PB, Nielsen SL, Penkowa M. Metallothionein-I + II and receptor megalin are altered in relation to oxidative stress in cerebral lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 51:314-28. [DOI: 10.3109/10428190903518329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Marquard L, Poulsen CB, Gjerdrum LM, de Nully Brown P, Christensen IJ, Jensen PB, Sehested M, Johansen P, Ralfkiaer E. Histone deacetylase 1, 2, 6 and acetylated histone H4 in B- and T-cell lymphomas. Histopathology 2009; 54:688-98. [PMID: 19438744 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are novel therapeutics in the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), where, for unknown reasons, T-cell malignancies appear to be more sensitive than B-cell malignancies. The aim was to determine HDAC expression in DLBCL and PTCL which has not previously been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6 and acetylated histone H4 was examined immunohistochemically in 31 DLBCL and 45 PTCL. All four markers showed high expression in both DLBCL and PTCL compared with normal lymphoid tissue. HDAC1 was more abundantly expressed in PTCL than in DLBCL (P = 0.0046), whereas acetylated H4 was more frequent in DLBCL (P < 0.0001), the latter suggesting a mechanism for T-cell lymphoma sensitivity to HDAC inhibitors. Moderate to strong HDAC6 expression was significantly correlated with favourable outcome (P = 0.016) in DLBCL patients, whereas the opposite effect was observed in PTCL patients (P < 0.0001). The other markers did not correlate with survival (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6 and acetylated H4 are overexpressed in DLBCL and PTCL relative to normal lymphoid tissue. Furthermore, HDAC6 may be an important prognostic marker associated with favourable outcome in DLBCL and a more aggressive course in PTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Marquard
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Penkowa M, Sørensen BL, Nielsen SL, Hansen PB. Metallothionein as a useful marker in Hodgkin lymphoma subclassification. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 50:200-10. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190802699340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pedersen MØ, Larsen A, Stoltenberg M, Penkowa M. The role of metallothionein in oncogenesis and cancer prognosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 44:29-64. [PMID: 19348910 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The antiapoptotic, antioxidant, proliferative, and angiogenic effects of metallothionein (MT)-I+II has resulted in increased focus on their role in oncogenesis, tumor progression, therapy response, and patient prognosis. Studies have reported increased expression of MT-I+II mRNA and protein in various human cancers; such as breast, kidney, lung, nasopharynx, ovary, prostate, salivary gland, testes, urinary bladder, cervical, endometrial, skin carcinoma, melanoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and pancreatic cancers, where MT-I+II expression is sometimes correlated to higher tumor grade/stage, chemotherapy/radiation resistance, and poor prognosis. However, MT-I+II are downregulated in other types of tumors (e.g. hepatocellular, gastric, colorectal, central nervous system (CNS), and thyroid cancers) where MT-I+II is either inversely correlated or unrelated to mortality. Large discrepancies exist between different tumor types, and no distinct and reliable association exists between MT-I+II expression in tumor tissues and prognosis and therapy resistance. Furthermore, a parallel has been drawn between MT-I+II expression as a potential marker for prognosis, and MT-I+II's role as oncogenic factors, without any direct evidence supporting such a parallel. This review aims at discussing the role of MT-I+II both as a prognostic marker for survival and therapy response, as well as for the hypothesized role of MT-I+II as causal oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Ø Pedersen
- Section of Neuroprotection, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Sjö LD, Poulsen CB, Hansen M, Møller MB, Ralfkiaer E. Profiling of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry: identification of prognostic subgroups. Eur J Haematol 2007; 79:501-7. [PMID: 17986209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a frequent lymphoma subtype with a heterogeneous behavior and a variable response to conventional chemotherapy. This clinical diversity is believed to reflect differences in the molecular pathways leading to lymphomagenesis. In this study, we have analyzed pretreatment, diagnostic samples from 108 DLBCL by immunohistology for expression of four markers linked to germinal center B-cells (CD10, Bcl-6), postgerminal center B-cells (MUM1) and apoptosis (Bcl-2). The results indicate that both CD10 and Bcl-6 are favorable prognostic indicators, in contrast to Bcl-2, which is an adverse parameter. Furthermore, using two algorithms for distinction between low- and high-risk patients proposed by Hans et al. (Blood, 2004; 103:275) and Muris et al. (Journal of Pathology, 2006; 208:714), it is shown that both are useful for predicting outcome in DLBCL. However, in this report, the algorithm of Hans et al. was superior to that of Muris et al. These findings confirm and extend other studies and indicate that different prognostic subgroups of DLBCL can be distinguished by simple immunohistological investigations for a limited number of markers. Whether these groups are also relevant for individual treatment decisions will be important to investigate in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Dissing Sjö
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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