1
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Khan RS, Lalor PF, Thursz M, Newsome PN. The role of neutrophils in alcohol-related hepatitis. J Hepatol 2023; 79:1037-1048. [PMID: 37290590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease is a major cause of liver disease-associated mortality, with inpatient care being a major contributor to its clinical and economic burden. Alcohol-related hepatitis (AH) is an acute inflammatory form of alcohol-related liver disease. Severe AH is associated with high short-term mortality, with infection being a common cause of death. The presence of AH is associated with increased numbers of circulating and hepatic neutrophils. We review the literature on the role of neutrophils in AH. In particular, we explain how neutrophils are recruited to the inflamed liver and how their antimicrobial functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, NETosis) may be altered in AH. We highlight evidence for the existence of 'high-density' and 'low-density' neutrophil subsets. We also describe the potentially beneficial roles of neutrophils in the resolution of injury in AH through their effects on macrophage polarisation and hepatic regeneration. Finally, we discuss how manipulation of neutrophil recruitment/function may be used as a therapeutic strategy in AH. For example, correction of gut dysbiosis in AH could help to prevent excess neutrophil activation, or treatments could aim to enhance miR-223 function in AH. The development of markers that can reliably distinguish neutrophil subsets and of animal models that accurately reproduce human disease will be crucial for facilitating translational research in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reenam S Khan
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark Thursz
- Hepatology Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, London, W21NY, England, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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2
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Coulibaly AP. Neutrophil modulation of behavior and cognition in health and disease: The unexplored role of an innate immune cell. Immunol Rev 2022; 311:177-186. [PMID: 35924463 PMCID: PMC9804154 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Behavior and cognition are multifaceted processes influenced by genetics, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal connectivity. Recent reports have demonstrated that peripheral inflammation and peripheral immune cells play important roles in the preservation and deterioration of behavior/cognition under various conditions. Indeed, several studies show that the activity of peripheral immune cells can be critical for normal cognitive function. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in the mammalian system. Their activation is critical to the initiation of the inflammatory process and critical for wound healing. Neutrophils are the first cells to be activated and recruited to the central nervous system in both injury and disease. However, our understanding of the role these cells play in behavior and cognition is limited. The present review will summarize what is currently known about the effect the activation of these cells has on various behaviors and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminata P. Coulibaly
- Department of NeuroscienceRockefeller Neuroscience InstituteWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
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3
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Mittmann LA, Haring F, Schaubächer JB, Hennel R, Smiljanov B, Zuchtriegel G, Canis M, Gires O, Krombach F, Holdt L, Brandau S, Vogl T, Lauber K, Uhl B, Reichel CA. Uncoupled biological and chronological aging of neutrophils in cancer promotes tumor progression. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003495. [PMID: 34876407 PMCID: PMC8655594 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Beyond their fundamental role in homeostasis and host defense, neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) are increasingly recognized to contribute to the pathogenesis of malignant tumors. Recently, aging of mature neutrophils in the systemic circulation has been identified to be critical for these immune cells to properly unfold their homeostatic and anti-infectious functional properties. The role of neutrophil aging in cancer remains largely obscure. Methods Employing advanced in vivo microscopy techniques in different animal models of cancer as well as utilizing pulse-labeling and cell transfer approaches, various ex vivo/in vitro assays, and human data, we sought to define the functional relevance of neutrophil aging in cancer. Results Here, we show that signals released during early tumor growth accelerate biological aging of circulating neutrophils, hence uncoupling biological from chronological aging of these immune cells. This facilitates the accumulation of highly reactive neutrophils in malignant lesions and endows them with potent protumorigenic functions, thus promoting tumor progression. Counteracting uncoupled biological aging of circulating neutrophils by blocking the chemokine receptor CXCR2 effectively suppressed tumor growth. Conclusions Our data uncover a self-sustaining mechanism of malignant neoplasms in fostering protumorigenic phenotypic and functional changes in circulating neutrophils. Interference with this aberrant process might therefore provide a novel, already pharmacologically targetable strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Mittmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Haring
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna B Schaubächer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Hennel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bojan Smiljanov
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fritz Krombach
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca Holdt
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute for Immunology, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Uhl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, LMU München, Munich, Germany .,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
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4
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Zhou X, Moore BB. Experimental Models of Infectious Pulmonary Complications Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718603. [PMID: 34484223 PMCID: PMC8415416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. The prevalence and type of infection changes over time and is influenced by the course of immune reconstitution post-transplant. The interaction between pathogens and host immune responses is complex in HCT settings, since the conditioning regimens create periods of neutropenia and immunosuppressive drugs are often needed to prevent graft rejection and limit graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Experimental murine models of transplantation are valuable tools for dissecting the procedure-related alterations to innate and adaptive immunity. Here we review mouse models of post-HCT infectious pulmonary complications, primarily focused on three groups of pathogens that frequently infect HCT recipients: bacteria (often P. aeruginosa), fungus (primarily Aspergillus fumigatus), and viruses (primarily herpesviruses). These mouse models have advanced our knowledge regarding how the conditioning and HCT process negatively impacts innate immunity and have provided new potential strategies of managing the infections. Studies using mouse models have also validated clinical observations suggesting that prior or occult infections are a potential etiology of noninfectious pulmonary complications post-HCT as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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5
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Lok LSC, Clatworthy MR. Neutrophils in secondary lymphoid organs. Immunology 2021; 164:677-688. [PMID: 34411302 PMCID: PMC8561103 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are traditionally considered short‐lived, circulating innate immune cells that are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation in response to infectious and inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils efficiently internalize, kill or entrap pathogens, but their effector molecules may cause collateral tissue damage. More recently, it has been appreciated that neutrophils can also influence adaptive immunity. Lymph nodes (LNs) are immune cell‐rich secondary lymphoid organs that provide an ideal platform for cellular interaction and the integration of immunological information collected from local tissues. A variety of peripheral stimuli promote neutrophil migration to draining LNs via blood or lymphatics, utilizing differing molecular cues depending on the site of entry. Within LNs, neutrophils interact with other innate and adaptive cells. Crosstalk with subcapsular sinus macrophages contributes to the control of pathogen spread beyond the LN. Neutrophils can influence antigen presentation indirectly by interacting with DCs or directly by expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules for antigen presentation. Interactions between neutrophils and adaptive lymphocytes can alter B‐cell antibody responses. Studies have shown conflicting results on whether neutrophils exert stimulatory or inhibitory effects on other LN immune cells, with stimulus‐specific and temporal differences in the outcome of these interactions. Furthermore, neutrophils have also been shown to traffick to LNs in homeostasis, with a potential role in immune surveillance, antigen capture and in shaping early adaptive responses in LNs. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning the effects of neutrophils on LN immune cells and adaptive immunity could facilitate the development of neutrophil‐targeted therapies in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence S C Lok
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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6
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Umeshappa CS, Solé P, Surewaard BGJ, Yamanouchi J, Mohapatra S, Uddin MM, Clarke R, Ortega M, Singha S, Mondal D, Yang Y, Vignali DAA, Serra P, Kubes P, Santamaria P. Liver-specific T regulatory type-1 cells program local neutrophils to suppress hepatic autoimmunity via CRAMP. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108919. [PMID: 33789099 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils with immunoregulatory properties, also referred to as type-2 neutrophils (N2), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), or tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), comprise a heterogeneous subset of cells that arise from unknown precursors in response to poorly understood cues. Here, we find that, in several models of liver autoimmunity, pharmacologically induced, autoantigen-specific T regulatory type-1 (TR1) cells and TR1-cell-induced B regulatory (Breg) cells use five immunoregulatory cytokines to coordinately recruit neutrophils into the liver and program their transcriptome to generate regulatory neutrophils. The liver-associated neutrophils from the treated mice, unlike their circulating counterparts or the liver neutrophils of sick mice lacking antigen-specific TR1 cells, are proliferative, can transfer disease protection to immunocompromised hosts engrafted with pathogenic effectors, and blunt antigen-presentation and local autoimmune responses via cathelin-related anti-microbial peptide (CRAMP), a cathelicidin, in a CRAMP-receptor-dependent manner. These results, thus, identify antigen-specific regulatory T cells as drivers of tissue-restricted regulatory neutrophil formation and CRAMP as an effector of regulatory neutrophil-mediated immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Patricia Solé
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Bas G J Surewaard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jun Yamanouchi
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Saswat Mohapatra
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Muhammad Myn Uddin
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Robert Clarke
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mireia Ortega
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Santiswarup Singha
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Debajyoti Mondal
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yang Yang
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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7
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Ulfig A, Leichert LI. The effects of neutrophil-generated hypochlorous acid and other hypohalous acids on host and pathogens. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:385-414. [PMID: 32661559 PMCID: PMC7873122 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are predominant immune cells that protect the human body against infections by deploying sophisticated antimicrobial strategies including phagocytosis of bacteria and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill exogenous pathogens before we focus on one particular weapon in their arsenal: the generation of the oxidizing hypohalous acids HOCl, HOBr and HOSCN during the so-called oxidative burst by the enzyme myeloperoxidase. We look at the effects of these hypohalous acids on biological systems in general and proteins in particular and turn our attention to bacterial strategies to survive HOCl stress. HOCl is a strong inducer of protein aggregation, which bacteria can counteract by chaperone-like holdases that bind unfolding proteins without the need for energy in the form of ATP. These chaperones are activated by HOCl through thiol oxidation (Hsp33) or N-chlorination of basic amino acid side-chains (RidA and CnoX) and contribute to bacterial survival during HOCl stress. However, neutrophil-generated hypohalous acids also affect the host system. Recent studies have shown that plasma proteins act not only as sinks for HOCl, but get actively transformed into modulators of the cellular immune response through N-chlorination. N-chlorinated serum albumin can prevent aggregation of proteins, stimulate immune cells, and act as a pro-survival factor for immune cells in the presence of cytotoxic antigens. Finally, we take a look at the emerging role of HOCl as a potential signaling molecule, particularly its role in neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ulfig
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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8
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Chadwick JW, Fine N, Khoury W, Tasevski N, Sun CX, Boroumand P, Klip A, Glogauer M. Tissue-specific murine neutrophil activation states in health and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 110:187-195. [PMID: 33145850 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ab1020-248rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are quickly recruited to tissues in response to proinflammatory cues; however, little is known about tissue neutrophil phenotypes in health. We employ a multicolor flow cytometric approach to assess surface markers of activation on neutrophils from the bone marrow, blood, peritoneum, spleen, liver, fat, colon, and oral cavity of healthy mice. Cell preparations were promptly fixed to preserve native surface marker expression levels. Peritoneal, colonic, and oral neutrophils were also assessed in the setting of pHrodo-induced peritonitis, dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, and ligature-induced periodontal disease, respectively. Our results demonstrate consistent detectable neutrophil populations in various sterile and nonsterile tissues of healthy mice, and these cells had tissue-specific neutrophil immunophenotypes. Neutrophils derived from biofilm-associated mucosal tissues had 2- to 3-fold higher expression of surface markers of activation, including CD66a, CD11b, and CD62L, compared to neutrophils derived from both sterile healthy tissues as well as tissues in animals treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Furthermore, the unique cluster of differentiation (CD) marker activation signatures of tissue-specific neutrophils from the peritoneum, colon, and oral cavity were altered to a proinflammatory immunophenotype with the presence of an inflammatory stimulus. Based on our results, we propose a model whereby a hierarchy of tissue neutrophil immunophenotypes, based on the differential expression of CD markers of activation, correlates with sterile, healthy commensal biofilm-associated and inflamed tissue states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Chadwick
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Khoury
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikola Tasevski
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chun-Xiang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Amira Klip
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Fine N, Tasevski N, McCulloch CA, Tenenbaum HC, Glogauer M. The Neutrophil: Constant Defender and First Responder. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571085. [PMID: 33072112 PMCID: PMC7541934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in biology is often recognized during pathogenesis associated with PMN hyper- or hypo-functionality in various disease states. However, in the vast majority of cases, PMNs contribute to resilience and tissue homeostasis, with continuous PMN-mediated actions required for the maintenance of health, particularly in mucosal tissues. PMNs are extraordinarily well-adapted to respond to and diminish the damaging effects of a vast repertoire of infectious agents and injurious processes that are encountered throughout life. The commensal biofilm, a symbiotic polymicrobial ecosystem that lines the mucosal surfaces, is the first line of defense against pathogenic strains that might otherwise dominate, and is therefore of critical importance for health. PMNs regularly interact with the commensal flora at the mucosal tissues in health and limit their growth without developing an overt inflammatory reaction to them. These PMNs exhibit what is called a para-inflammatory phenotype, and have reduced inflammatory output. When biofilm growth and makeup are disrupted (i.e., dysbiosis), clinical symptoms associated with acute and chronic inflammatory responses to these changes may include pain, erythema and swelling. However, in most cases, these responses indicate that the immune system is functioning properly to re-establish homeostasis and protect the status quo. Defects in this healthy everyday function occur as a result of PMN subversion by pathological microbial strains, genetic defects or crosstalk with other chronic inflammatory conditions, including cancer and rheumatic disease, and this can provide some avenues for therapeutic targeting of PMN function. In other cases, targeting PMN functions could worsen the disease state. Certain PMN-mediated responses to pathogens, for example Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), might lead to undesirable symptoms such as pain or swelling and tissue damage/fibrosis. Despite collateral damage, these PMN responses limit pathogen dissemination and more severe damage that would otherwise occur. New data suggests the existence of unique PMN subsets, commonly associated with functional diversification in response to particular inflammatory challenges. PMN-directed therapeutic approaches depend on a greater understanding of this diversity. Here we outline the current understanding of PMNs in health and disease, with an emphasis on the positive manifestations of tissue and organ-protective PMN-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nikola Tasevski
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Howard C Tenenbaum
- Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology, Maxillofacial and Ocular Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Abstract
Neutrophils play a key role in innate immunity. As the dominant circulating phagocyte, they are rapidly recruited from the bloodstream to sites of infection or injury to internalize and destroy microbes. More recently, neutrophils have been identified in uninfected organs, challenging the classical view of their function. Here we show that neutrophils were present in lymph nodes (LNs) in homeostasis. Using flow cytometry and confocal imaging, we identified neutrophils within LNs in naive, unchallenged mice, including LNs draining the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Neutrophils were enriched within specific anatomical regions, in the interfollicular zone, a site of T cell activation. Intravital two-photon microscopy demonstrated that LN neutrophils were motile, trafficked into LNs from both blood and tissues via high endothelial venules and afferent lymphatics, respectively, and formed interactions with dendritic cells in LNs. Murine and human LN neutrophils had a distinct phenotype compared with circulating neutrophils, with higher major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) expression, suggesting a potential role in CD4 T cell activation. Upon ex vivo stimulation with IgG immune complex (IC), neutrophils up-regulated expression of MHCII and costimulatory molecules and increased T cell activation. In vivo, neutrophils were capable of delivering circulating IC to LNs, suggesting a broader functional remit. Overall, our data challenge the perception that neutrophil patrol is limited to the circulation in homeostasis, adding LNs to their routine surveillance territory.
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11
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Jayathilake C, Maini PK, Hopf HW, Sean McElwain DL, Byrne HM, Flegg MB, Flegg JA. A mathematical model of the use of supplemental oxygen to combat surgical site infection. J Theor Biol 2019; 466:11-23. [PMID: 30659823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Infections are a common complication of any surgery, often requiring a recovery period in hospital. Supplemental oxygen therapy administered during and immediately after surgery is thought to enhance the immune response to bacterial contamination. However, aerobic bacteria thrive in oxygen-rich environments, and so it is unclear whether oxygen has a net positive effect on recovery. Here, we develop a mathematical model of post-surgery infection to investigate the efficacy of supplemental oxygen therapy on surgical-site infections. A 4-species, coupled, set of non-linear partial differential equations that describes the space-time dependence of neutrophils, bacteria, chemoattractant and oxygen is developed and analysed to determine its underlying properties. Through numerical solutions, we quantify the efficacy of different supplemental oxygen regimes on the treatment of surgical site infections in wounds of different initial bacterial load. A sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the robustness of the predictions to changes in the model parameters. The numerical results are in good agreement with analyses of the associated well-mixed model. Our model findings provide insight into how the nature of the contaminant and its initial density influence bacterial infection dynamics in the surgical wound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | | | - D L Sean McElwain
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Helen M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark B Flegg
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Flegg
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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12
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Palmblad J, Höglund P. Ethnic benign neutropenia: A phenomenon finds an explanation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27361. [PMID: 30117263 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ethnic benign neutropenia (ENP) is the most common form of neutropenia (NP) worldwide, if an absolute blood neutrophil count (ANC) of < 1.5 G/L is used as definition. In 2009, ENP was associated with a gene variation in the ACKR1/DARC gene, the same variation that also confers the Duffy-null trait. In 2017, a novel mechanism for ENP was introduced, questioning if ENP is a true neutropenic state, when the body's total neutrophil count (TBNC) is concerned. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of ENP, asking (1) How well does the peripheral blood ANC predict the TBNC? (2) Can we improve methods for assessing TBNC? (3) Will estimates of TBNC predict infection propensity and reduce the need for further, costly workup?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Palmblad
- Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, The Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Höglund
- Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, and Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Knier B, Hiltensperger M, Sie C, Aly L, Lepennetier G, Engleitner T, Garg G, Muschaweckh A, Mitsdörffer M, Koedel U, Höchst B, Knolle P, Gunzer M, Hemmer B, Rad R, Merkler D, Korn T. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells control B cell accumulation in the central nervous system during autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1341-1351. [PMID: 30374128 PMCID: PMC6241855 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) have been characterized in the context of malignancies. Here we show that PMN-MDSCs can restrain B cell accumulation during central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. Ly6G+ cells were recruited to the CNS during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), interacted with B cells that produced the cytokines GM-CSF and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and acquired properties of PMN-MDSCs in the CNS in a manner dependent on the signal transducer STAT3. Depletion of Ly6G+ cells or dysfunction of Ly6G+ cells through conditional ablation of STAT3 led to the selective accumulation of GM-CSF-producing B cells in the CNS compartment, which in turn promoted an activated microglial phenotype and lack of recovery from EAE. The frequency of CD138+ B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human subjects with multiple sclerosis was negatively correlated with the frequency of PMN-MDSCs in the CSF. Thus PMN-MDSCs might selectively control the accumulation and cytokine secretion of B cells in the inflamed CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Knier
- Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hiltensperger
- Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Sie
- Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lilian Aly
- Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gildas Lepennetier
- Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Garima Garg
- Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Muschaweckh
- Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Meike Mitsdörffer
- Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Koedel
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Höchst
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Korn
- Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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14
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Wang J, Bo X, Suo T, Liu H, Ni X, Shen S, Li M, Xu J, Liu H, Wang Y. Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils predict prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapeutic benefit in patients with biliary cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2266-2274. [PMID: 29723922 PMCID: PMC6029827 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TIN) carry out quite significant but opposite functions in different cancers, and their function in biliary cancer has not been fully characterized. To investigate the prognostic significance of TIN in biliary cancer, a training set (n = 118) and a validation set (n = 127) were involved in this study. TIN were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of CD66b, and then defined as low (neutrophils <18/high-power field [HPF]) vs high (neutrophils ≥18/HPF). Kaplan-Meier curve, Cox proportional hazards models and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to assess the prognostic significance. TIN was identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in the training set (HR: 4.720; 95% CI: 2.623-8.493; P < .001) which was confirmed in the validation set (HR: 4.993; 95% CI: 2.626-9.492; P < .001). Notably, among patients with stage III and IV disease, those with low TIN could benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, with a reduced risk of compromised survival compared with those with high TIN (HR: 0.294; 95% CI: 0.099-0.873; P = .047 in the training set; and HR: 0.100; 95% CI: 0.022-0.462; P = .006 in the validation set). In addition, TIN were negatively related to biological pathways as regulation of activated T-cell proliferation and lymphocyte-mediated immunity, and showed a negative correlation with CD8 + T cells (r = -.324, P < .001). Taken together, our results implicate TIN as an independent marker of prognosis and indicator of patients who would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Bo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Suo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Houbao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Hsu AY, Wang D, Gurol T, Zhou W, Zhu X, Lu HY, Deng Q. Overexpression of microRNA-722 fine-tunes neutrophilic inflammation by inhibiting Rac2 in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1323-1332. [PMID: 28954734 PMCID: PMC5719257 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation is essential for defending against invading pathogens, but can also be detrimental in many clinical settings. The hematopoietic-specific small Rho-GTPase Rac2 regulates multiple pathways that are essential for neutrophil activation, including adhesion, migration, degranulation and production of reactive oxygen species. This study tested the hypothesis that partially suppressing rac2 in zebrafish neutrophils by using a microRNA (miRNA) would inhibit neutrophil migration and activation, which would reduce the immunological damage caused by systemic inflammation. We have generated a transgenic zebrafish line that overexpresses microRNA-722 (miR-722) in neutrophils. Neutrophil motility and chemotaxis to tissue injury or infection are significantly reduced in this line. miR-722 downregulates the transcript level of rac2 through binding to seed-matching sequence in the rac2 3′UTR. Furthermore, miR-722-overexpressing larvae display improved outcomes in both sterile and bacterial systemic models, which correlates with a robust upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines in the whole larvae and isolated neutrophils. Finally, an miR-722 mimic protects zebrafish from lethal lipopolysaccharide challenge. Together, these results provide evidence for and the mechanism of an anti-inflammatory miRNA that restrains detrimental systemic inflammation. Summary: Identification of a microRNA that suppresses Rac2 expression and regulates neutrophil migration and systemic inflammation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper as part of the supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Y Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Decheng Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Theodore Gurol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hsiu-Yi Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA .,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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16
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TLR5 signaling in murine bone marrow induces hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and aids survival from radiation. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1796-1806. [PMID: 29296826 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017006981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of the bacterial protein flagellin to mice activates innate immune signaling that protects against an array of challenges, including ionizing radiation. Herein, we define the underlying mechanism for this protection. We report that flagellin treatment induces proliferation and mobilization of bone marrow cells that aid survival following irradiation. Specifically, treatment of mice or bone marrow cells ex vivo with flagellin induced Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-dependent and NOD-like receptor C4-independent proliferation of Lin-Sca-1+Kit+ (LSK) cells, which includes both hematopoietic stem cells that provide long-term repopulation (LTR) and multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs) that transiently proliferate and differentiate into a range of blood cell types. TLR5 expression on bone marrow cells was necessary and sufficient for flagellin-induced LSK proliferation. Flagellin treatment stimulated LSK proliferation by inducing a 10-fold increase in type 3 MPP (MPP3) without a concomitant increase in LTR cells. Cotransfer of 5 × 103 fluorescence-activated cell sorted flagellin-induced MPP3 cells along with 1 × 105 whole bone marrow cells to lethally irradiated mice revealed that such cells predominantly repopulated the neutrophil compartment for up to 4 week, and dramatically increased the survival rate of the bone marrow transplantation procedure. Hence, we propose the administration of MPP3 cells, elicited by flagellin, as a novel approach to prevent life-threatening neutropenia that can accompany bone marrow transplant and other myeloablative therapeutic procedures.
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17
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Bajrami B, Zhu H, Kwak HJ, Mondal S, Hou Q, Geng G, Karatepe K, Zhang YC, Nombela-Arrieta C, Park SY, Loison F, Sakai J, Xu Y, Silberstein LE, Luo HR. G-CSF maintains controlled neutrophil mobilization during acute inflammation by negatively regulating CXCR2 signaling. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1999-2018. [PMID: 27551153 PMCID: PMC5030805 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Luo et al. report that CXCR2 ligands are responsible for rapid neutrophil mobilization during early-stage acute inflammation and that G-CSF suppresses this mobilization by negatively regulating CXCR2-mediated intracellular signaling. Cytokine-induced neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow to circulation is a critical event in acute inflammation, but how it is accurately controlled remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that CXCR2 ligands are responsible for rapid neutrophil mobilization during early-stage acute inflammation. Nevertheless, although serum CXCR2 ligand concentrations increased during inflammation, neutrophil mobilization slowed after an initial acute fast phase, suggesting a suppression of neutrophil response to CXCR2 ligands after the acute phase. We demonstrate that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), usually considered a prototypical neutrophil-mobilizing cytokine, was expressed later in the acute inflammatory response and unexpectedly impeded CXCR2-induced neutrophil mobilization by negatively regulating CXCR2-mediated intracellular signaling. Blocking G-CSF in vivo paradoxically elevated peripheral blood neutrophil counts in mice injected intraperitoneally with Escherichia coli and sequestered large numbers of neutrophils in the lungs, leading to sterile pulmonary inflammation. In a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury model, the homeostatic imbalance caused by G-CSF blockade enhanced neutrophil accumulation, edema, and inflammation in the lungs and ultimately led to significant lung damage. Thus, physiologically produced G-CSF not only acts as a neutrophil mobilizer at the relatively late stage of acute inflammation, but also prevents exaggerated neutrophil mobilization and the associated inflammation-induced tissue damage during early-phase infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besnik Bajrami
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Subhanjan Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Qingming Hou
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Guangfeng Geng
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Kutay Karatepe
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yu C Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - César Nombela-Arrieta
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Fabien Loison
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jiro Sakai
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yuanfu Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Leslie E Silberstein
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115 Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115
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18
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Kent MW, Kelher MR, Silliman CC, Quinones R. Neutrophil function in children following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Pediatr Transplant 2016; 20:658-66. [PMID: 27114335 PMCID: PMC5787356 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HSCT is a lifesaving procedure for children with malignant and non-malignant conditions. The conditioning regimen renders the patient severely immunocompromised and recovery starts with neutrophil (PMN) engraftment. We hypothesize that children demonstrate minimal PMN dysfunction at engraftment and beyond, which is influenced by the stem cell source and the conditioning regimen. Peripheral blood was serially collected from children at 1 to 12 months following allogeneic HSCT. PMN superoxide (O2-) production, degranulation (elastase), CD11b surface expression, and phagocytosis were assessed. Twenty-five patients, mean age of 10.5 yr with 65% males, comprised the study and transplant types included: 14 unrelated cord blood stem cells (cords), seven matched related bone marrow donors, three matched unrelated bone marrow donors, and one peripheral blood progenitor cells. Engraftment occurred at 24 days. There were no significant differences between controls and patients in PMN O2- production, phagocytosis, CD11b surface expression, and total PMN elastase. Elastase release was significantly decreased <6 months vs. controls (p < 0.05) and showed normalization by six months for cords only. The conditioning regimen did not affect PMN function. PMN function returns with engraftment, save elastase release, which occurs later related to the graft source utilized, and its clinical significance is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Kent
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marguerite R. Kelher
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, CO, USA,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher C. Silliman
- Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ralph Quinones
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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19
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Mehta RS, Rezvani K. Immune reconstitution post allogeneic transplant and the impact of immune recovery on the risk of infection. Virulence 2016; 7:901-916. [PMID: 27385018 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1208866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is the leading cause of non-relapse mortality after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This occurs as a result of dysfunction to the host immune system from the preparative regimen used prior to HCT, combined with a delay in reconstitution of the donor-derived immune system after HCT. In this article, we elaborate on the process of immune reconstitution post-HCT that begins with the innate system and is followed by recovery of adaptive immunity. Simultaneously, we describe how the tempo of immune reconstitution influences the risk of various infections. We explain some of the key differences in immune reconstitution and the consequent risk of infections in recipients of peripheral blood stem cell, bone marrow or umbilical cord blood grafts. Other factors that impact on immune recovery are also highlighted. Finally, we allude to various strategies that are being tested to enhance immune reconstitution post-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohtesh S Mehta
- a Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- b Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy , MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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20
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Abstract
Neutrophils are indispensable antagonists of microbial infection and facilitators of wound healing. In the cancer setting, a newfound appreciation for neutrophils has come into view. The traditionally held belief that neutrophils are inert bystanders is being challenged by the recent literature. Emerging evidence indicates that tumours manipulate neutrophils, sometimes early in their differentiation process, to create diverse phenotypic and functional polarization states able to alter tumour behaviour. In this Review, we discuss the involvement of neutrophils in cancer initiation and progression, and their potential as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth B Coffelt
- Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max D Wellenstein
- Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Wilcox ME, Charbonney E, d'Empaire PP, Duggal A, Pinto R, Javid A, Dos Santos C, Rubenfeld GD, Sutherland S, Liles WC, Glogauer M. Oral neutrophils are an independent marker of the systemic inflammatory response after cardiac bypass. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014; 11:32. [PMID: 25349536 PMCID: PMC4209230 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-014-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an immuno-reactive state where neutrophils are activated and accumulate in different tissues. Edema and tissue necrosis are the most common sequelae observed, predominantly in the lungs, kidneys, and heart, heralding significant risk for postoperative complications. No method exists to noninvasively assess in vivo neutrophil activity. The objective of this study was to determine if neutrophil recruitment to the oral cavity would correlate with specific biomarkers after coronary bypass surgery (CPB). Methods We conducted a single site prospective observational study including non-consecutive adult patients undergoing elective, on-pump CPB. Blood and either oral cavity rinses or swabs were collected pre- and post-CPB. Absolute neutrophil counts from oral samples and serum biomarkers were measured. The association between neutrophil recruitment to the oral cavity, biomarkers and outcomes after CPB were analyzed. Results CPB was associated with statistically significant increases in oral and blood neutrophil counts, as well as an increase in certain biomarkers over preoperative baseline. Peripheral blood neutrophil count were increased at all time points however statistically significant differences in median oral neutrophil counts were observed only at the time point immediately postoperative, and in what seems to be two unique patient populations (p < 0.001; group 1, median: 1.6×105, Interquartile range [IQR], 1.1×105 - 4.8×105, and group 2, median: 1.9×106, IQR, 8.7×105 - 4.0×106). Conclusions CPB is associated with a transient increase in oral neutrophils that may correlate with the systemic inflammatory response; oral neutrophils may have the ability to discriminate and identify unique patient populations based on their tissue migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elizabeth Wilcox
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Charbonney
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pablo Perez d'Empaire
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Trauma, Emergency and Critical Care Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abhijit Duggal
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Trauma, Emergency and Critical Care Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ruxandra Pinto
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Trauma, Emergency and Critical Care Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashkan Javid
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Matrix Dynamics Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Claudia Dos Santos
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre of Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gordon David Rubenfeld
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Trauma, Emergency and Critical Care Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan Sutherland
- Department of Dentistry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wayne Conrad Liles
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Matrix Dynamics Group, Toronto, Canada
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22
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Monocytic cell differentiation from band-stage neutrophils under inflammatory conditions via MKK6 activation. Blood 2014; 124:2713-24. [PMID: 25214442 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-588178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, neutrophils are rapidly mobilized from the bone marrow storage pool into peripheral blood (PB) to enter lesional sites, where most rapidly undergo apoptosis. Monocytes constitute a second wave of inflammatory immigrates, giving rise to long-lived macrophages and dendritic cell subsets. According to descriptive immunophenotypic and cell culture studies, neutrophils may directly "transdifferentiate" into monocytes/macrophages. We provide mechanistic data in human and murine models supporting the existence of this cellular pathway. First, the inflammatory signal-induced MKK6-p38MAPK cascade activates a monocyte differentiation program in human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-dependent neutrophils. Second, adoptively transferred neutrophils isolated from G-CSF-pretreated mice rapidly acquired monocyte characteristics in response to inflammatory signals in vivo. Consistently, inflammatory signals led to the recruitment of osteoclast progenitor cell potential from ex vivo-isolated G-CSF-mobilized human blood neutrophils. Monocytic cell differentiation potential was retained in left-shifted band-stage neutrophils but lost in neutrophils from steady-state PB. MKK6-p38MAPK signaling in HL60 model cells led to diminishment of the transcription factor C/EBPα, which enabled the induction of a monocytic cell differentiation program. Gene profiling confirmed lineage conversion from band-stage neutrophils to monocytic cells. Therefore, inflammatory signals relayed by the MKK6-p38MAPK cascade induce monocytic cell differentiation from band-stage neutrophils.
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Lakschevitz FS, Visser MB, Sun C, Glogauer M. Neutrophil transcriptional profile changes during transit from bone marrow to sites of inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:53-65. [PMID: 24909740 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It has recently been established that neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes, are capable of changes in gene expression during inflammatory responses. However, changes in the transcriptome as the neutrophil leaves the bone marrow have yet to be described. We hypothesized that neutrophils are transcriptionally active cells that alter their gene expression profiles as they migrate into the vasculature and then into inflamed tissues. Our goal was to provide an overview of how the neutrophil's transcriptome changes as they migrate through different compartments using microarray and bio-informatic approaches. Our study demonstrates that neutrophils are highly plastic cells where normal environmental cues result in a site-specific neutrophil transcriptome. We demonstrate that neutrophil genes undergo one of four distinct expression change patterns as they move from bone marrow through the circulation to sites of inflammation: (i) continuously increasing; (ii) continuously decreasing; (iii) a down-up-down; and (iv) an up-down-up pattern. Additionally, we demonstrate that the neutrophil migration signaling network and the balance between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic signaling are two of the main regulatory mechanisms that change as the neutrophil transits through compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia S Lakschevitz
- 1] Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada [2] Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Michelle B Visser
- 1] Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada [2] Current address: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chunxiang Sun
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- 1] Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada [2] Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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Xu R, Huang H, Zhang Z, Wang FS. The role of neutrophils in the development of liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2014. [PMID: 24633014 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.204.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease encompasses a wide variety of liver conditions, including liver failure, liver cirrhosis and a spectrum of acute and chronic hepatitis, such as alcoholic, fatty, drug, viral and chronic hepatitis. Liver injury is a primary causative factor in liver disease; generally, these factors include direct liver damage and immune-mediated liver injury. Neutrophils (also known as neutrophilic granulocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)) are the most abundant circulating white blood cell type in humans, and PMNs are a major innate immune cell subset. Inappropriate activation and homing of neutrophils to the microvasculature contributes to the pathological manifestations of many types of liver disease. This review summarizes novel concepts of neutrophil-mediated liver injury that are based on current clinical and animal model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Xu
- The Institute of Translational Hepatology, Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huihuang Huang
- The Institute of Intensive Care Unit, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The Institute of Translational Hepatology, Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- The Institute of Translational Hepatology, Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
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25
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Xu R, Huang H, Zhang Z, Wang FS. The role of neutrophils in the development of liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:224-31. [PMID: 24633014 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease encompasses a wide variety of liver conditions, including liver failure, liver cirrhosis and a spectrum of acute and chronic hepatitis, such as alcoholic, fatty, drug, viral and chronic hepatitis. Liver injury is a primary causative factor in liver disease; generally, these factors include direct liver damage and immune-mediated liver injury. Neutrophils (also known as neutrophilic granulocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)) are the most abundant circulating white blood cell type in humans, and PMNs are a major innate immune cell subset. Inappropriate activation and homing of neutrophils to the microvasculature contributes to the pathological manifestations of many types of liver disease. This review summarizes novel concepts of neutrophil-mediated liver injury that are based on current clinical and animal model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Xu
- The Institute of Translational Hepatology, Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huihuang Huang
- The Institute of Intensive Care Unit, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The Institute of Translational Hepatology, Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- The Institute of Translational Hepatology, Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
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26
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Tak T, Tesselaar K, Pillay J, Borghans JAM, Koenderman L. Whatˈs your age again? Determination of human neutrophil half-lives revisited. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:595-601. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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27
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Pillay J, Kamp VM, van Hoffen E, Visser T, Tak T, Lammers JW, Ulfman LH, Leenen LP, Pickkers P, Koenderman L. A subset of neutrophils in human systemic inflammation inhibits T cell responses through Mac-1. J Clin Invest 2011; 122:327-36. [PMID: 22156198 DOI: 10.1172/jci57990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of immune responses is necessary to limit damage to host tissue during inflammation, but it can be detrimental in specific immune responses, such as sepsis and antitumor immunity. Recently, immature myeloid cells have been implicated in the suppression of immune responses in mouse models of cancer, infectious disease, bone marrow transplantation, and autoimmune disease. Here, we report the identification of a subset of mature human neutrophils (CD11cbright/CD62Ldim/CD11bbright/CD16bright) as what we believe to be a unique circulating population of myeloid cells, capable of suppressing human T cell proliferation. These cells were observed in humans in vivo during acute systemic inflammation induced by endotoxin challenge or by severe injury. Local release of hydrogen peroxide from the neutrophils into the immunological synapse between the neutrophils and T cells mediated the suppression of T cell proliferation and required neutrophil expression of the integrin Mac-1 (αMβ2). Our data demonstrate that suppression of T cell function can be accomplished by a subset of human neutrophils that can be systemically induced in response to acute inflammation. Identification of the pivotal role of neutrophil Mac-1 and ROS in this process provides a potential target for modulating immune responses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janesh Pillay
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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28
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Abstract
Although anemia is common in Shwachman- Diamond syndrome (SDS), the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We asked whether SBDS, which is mutated in most SDS patients, is critical for erythroid development. We found that SBDS expression is high early during erythroid differentiation. Inhibition of SBDS in CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells and early progenitors (HSC/Ps) and K562 cells led to slow cell expansion during erythroid differentiation. Induction of erythroid differentiation resulted in markedly accelerated apoptosis in the knockdown cells; however, proliferation was only mildly reduced. The percentage of cells entering differentiation was not reduced. Differentiation also increased the oxidative stress in SBDS-knockdown K562 cells, and antioxidants enhanced the expansion capability of differentiating SBDS-knockdown K562 cells and colony production of SDS patient HSC/Ps. Erythroid differentiation also resulted in reduction of all ribosomal subunits and global translation. Furthermore, stimulation of global translation with leucine improved the erythroid cell expansion of SBDS-knockdown cells and colony production of SDS patient HSC/Ps. Leucine did not reduce the oxidative stress in SBDS-deficient K562 cells. These results demonstrate that SBDS is critical for normal erythropoiesis. Erythropoietic failure caused by SBDS deficiency is at least in part related to elevated ROS levels and translation insufficiency because antioxidants and leucine improved cell expansion.
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29
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Forster C, Aboodi G, Lipton J, Glogauer M. A non-invasive oral rinse assay predicts bone marrow engraftment and 6 months prognosis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 41:165-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Malka R, Rom-Kedar V. Bacteria-phagocyte dynamics, axiomatic modelling and mass-action kinetics. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2011; 8:475-502. [PMID: 21631141 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2011.8.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Axiomatic modeling is ensued to provide a family of models that describe bacterial growth in the presence of phagocytes, or, more generally, prey dynamics in a large spatially homogenous eco-system. A classification of the possible bifurcation diagrams that arise in such models is presented. It is shown that other commonly used models that do not belong to this class may miss important features that are associated with the limited growth curve of the bacteria (prey) and the saturation associated with the phagocytosis (predator kill) term. Notably, these features appear at relatively low concentrations, much below the saturation range. Finally, combining this model with a model of neutrophil dynamics in the blood after chemotherapy treatments we obtain new insights regarding the development of infections under neutropenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Malka
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel.
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31
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Neutrophil survival and c-kit(+)-progenitor proliferation in Staphylococcus aureus-infected skin wounds promote resolution. Blood 2011; 117:3343-52. [PMID: 21278352 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-296970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are critical for the formation, maintenance, and resolution of bacterial abscesses. However, the mechanisms that regulate PMN survival and proliferation during the evolution of an abscess are not well defined. Using a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus abscess formation within a cutaneous wound, combined with real-time imaging of genetically tagged PMNs, we observed that a high bacterial burden elicited a sustained mobilization of PMNs from the bone marrow to the infected wound, where their lifespan was markedly extended. A continuous rise in wound PMN number, which was not accounted for by trafficking from the bone marrow or by prolonged survival, was correlated with the homing of c-kit(+)-progenitor cells from the blood to the wound, where they proliferated and formed mature PMNs. Furthermore, by blocking their recruitment with an antibody to c-kit, which severely limited the proliferation of mature PMNs in the wound and shortened mouse survival, we confirmed that progenitor cells are not only important contributors to PMN expansion in the wound, but are also functionally important for immune protection. We conclude that the abscess environment provides a niche capable of regulating PMN survival and local proliferation of bone marrow-derived c-kit(+)-progenitor cells.
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34
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Ramaprasad C, Pouch S, Pitrak DL. Neutrophil function after bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:756-67. [DOI: 10.3109/10428191003695678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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Schmalstieg FC, Keeney SE, Rudloff HE, Palkowetz KH, Cevallos M, Zhou X, Cox RA, Hawkins HK, Traber DL, Zwischenberger JB. Arteriovenous CO2 removal improves survival compared to high frequency percussive and low tidal volume ventilation in a smoke/burn sheep acute respiratory distress syndrome model. Ann Surg 2007; 246:512-21; discussion 521-3. [PMID: 17717455 PMCID: PMC1959342 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318148c6e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED OBJECTIVES AND SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Low tidal volume ventilation (LTV) has improved survival with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by reducing lung stretch associated with volutrauma and barotrauma. Additional strategies to reduce lung stretch include arteriovenous carbon dioxide removal (AVCO2R), and high frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV). We performed a prospective, randomized study comparing these techniques in our clinically relevant LD100 sheep model of ARDS to compare survival, pathology, and inflammation between the 3 ventilator methods. METHODS Adult sheep (n = 61) received smoke inhalation (48 breaths) and a 40% third-degree burn. After ARDS developed (Pao2/FiO2 <200), animals were randomized. In experiment 1, animals were killed at 48 hours after randomization. Hemodynamics, pulmonary function, injury scores, myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues and neutrophils, IL-8 in lung tissues, and apoptosis were evaluated. In experiment 2, the end point was survival to 72 hours after onset of ARDS or end-of-life criteria with extension of the same studies performed in experiment 1. RESULTS There were no differences in hemodynamics, but minute ventilation was lower in the AVCO2R group and Paco2 for the HFPV and AVCO2R animals remained lower than LTV. Airway obstruction and injury scores were not different among the 3 ventilation strategies. In experiment 1, lung tissue MPO and IL-8 were not different among the ventilation strategies. However, in experiment 2, lung tissue MPO was significantly lower for AVCO2R-treated animals (AVCO2R < HFPV < LTV). TUNEL staining showed little DNA breakage in neutrophils from experiment 1, but significantly increased breakage in all 3 ventilator strategies in experiment 2. In contrast, AVCO2R tissue neutrophils showed significant apoptosis at 72 hours post-ARDS criteria as measured by nuclear condensation (P < 0.001). Survival 72 hours post-ARDS criteria was highest for AVCO2R (71%) compared with HFPV (55%) and LTV (33%) (AVCO2R vs. LTV, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Significantly more animals survived AVCO2R than LTV. In experiment 2, Lung MPO was significantly lower for AVCO2R, compared with LTV (P < 0.05). This finding taken together with the TUNEL and neutrophil apoptosis results, suggested that disposition of neutrophils 72 hours post-ARDS criteria was different among the ventilatory strategies with neutrophils from AVCO2R-treated animals removed chiefly through apoptosis, but in the cases of HFPV and LTV, dying by necrosis in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Schmalstieg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Magalhães MAO, Sun CX, Glogauer M, Ellen RP. The major outer sheath protein of Treponema denticola selectively inhibits Rac1 activation in murine neutrophils. Cell Microbiol 2007; 10:344-54. [PMID: 17868382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Treponema denticola major outer sheath protein (Msp) inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro, but key regulatory mechanisms have not been identified. Because the Rac small GTPases regulate directional migration in response to chemoattractants, the objective was to analyse the effects of Msp on formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-mediated neutrophil polarization and Rac activation in murine neutrophils. Msp pretreatment of neutrophils inhibited both polarization and chemotactic migration in response to fMLP. Activation of small GTPases was measured by p21 binding domain (PBD) pulldown assays, followed by Western analysis, using monoclonal anti-Rac1, anti-Rac2, anti-cdc42 and anti-RhoA antibodies. Enriched native Msp selectively inhibited fMLP-stimulated Rac1 activation in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not affect Rac2, cdc42 or RhoA activation. Murine neutrophils transfected with vectors expressing fluorescent probes PAK-PBD-YFP and PH-AKT-RFP were used to determine the effects of Msp on the localization of activated Rac and PI3 kinase products. Real-time confocal images showed that Msp inhibited the polarized accumulation of activated Rac and PI3-kinase products upon exposure to fMLP. The findings indicate that T. denticola Msp inhibition of neutrophil polarity may be due to the selective suppression of the Rac1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A O Magalhães
- CIHR Group in Matrix Dynamics and Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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