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Oyaci Y, Pehlivan M, Pehlivan S, Cinli TA, Tuncel FC, Ertas E, Serin I. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors: Variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the second exon of the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) gene polymorphism in multiple myeloma. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1980-1987. [PMID: 38953715 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Somatic mutations and polymorphisms may play a role in multiple myeloma (MM) susceptibility and survival. One of the immune checkpoint inhibitors is P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1); the majority of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes express PSGL-1, causing T cell and immune inhibition via PSGL-1 mediator molecules. We aimed to investigate the effect of variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the second exon of the PSGL-1 gene on MM susceptibility, response to treatment and survival in our patient group. A total of 238 patients diagnosed with MM between January 2010 and January 2021 and 162 healthy individuals as a control group were included in this cross-sectional study. The genotypes of the VNTR polymorphism in the second exon of the PSGL-1 gene were statistically compared between patients and healthy controls; the statistically significant effects of the genotypes on response to first-line treatment and survival were examined. The AC genotype was significantly higher in healthy controls compared to patients diagnosed with MM (p < 0.001). The median PFS in patients with AA/AB/AC was 56 months, while it was 100 months in patients with BB/CC. The hazard ratio of 1.34 for PFS was found to be clinically significant and having the BB/CC genotype could provide a longer PFS compared to others, but it was not statistically significant due to the sample size. Our study results will shed light on new study plans in terms of immune checkpoint target therapies among conventional treatment preferences in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Oyaci
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Pehlivan
- Department of Hematology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Turkey
| | - Sacide Pehlivan
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih, Turkey
| | - Tahir Alper Cinli
- Department of Hematology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatima Ceren Tuncel
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih, Turkey
| | - Elif Ertas
- Department of Biostatistics, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Istemi Serin
- Department of Hematology, Agri Training and Research Hospital, Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
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Oriol A, Hájek R, Spicka I, Sandhu I, Cohen YC, Gatt ME, Mariz J, Cavo M, Berdeja J, Jin K, Bar M, Das P, Motte-Mohs RL, Wang Y, Perumal D, Costa LJ. Nivolumab, Pomalidomide, and Elotuzumab Combination Regimens for Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Results from the Phase 3 CheckMate 602 Study. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2024; 24:703-714. [PMID: 38849283 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies suggest that combining nivolumab, a programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, with pomalidomide/dexamethasone (Pd) with or without elotuzumab, an antisignaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 monoclonal antibody, may improve multiple myeloma (MM) treatment efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The phase 3 CheckMate 602 study (NCT02726581) assessed the efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus pomalidomide/dexamethasone (NPd) and NPd plus elotuzumab (NE-Pd). Eligible patients (aged ≥ 18 years) had measurable MM after ≥ 2 prior lines of therapy, that included an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) and proteasome inhibitor (PI), each for ≥ 2 consecutive cycles, alone or combined, and were refractory to their last line of therapy. Patients were randomized 3:3:1 to receive NPd, Pd, or NE-Pd. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); overall response rate (ORR) was a key secondary endpoint. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 16.8 months, PFS was similar between treatment arms (Pd, 7.3 months [95% CI, 6.5-8.4]; NPd, 8.4 months [95% CI, 5.8-12.1]; NE-Pd, 6.3 months [95% CI, 2.4-11.1]). ORR was similar in the Pd (55%), NPd (48%), and NE-Pd (42%) arms. Nivolumab-containing arms were associated with a less favorable safety profile versus Pd, including a higher rate of thrombocytopenia (NPd, 25.0%; NE-Pd, 16.7%; Pd, 15.7%), any-grade immune-mediated adverse events (NPd, 13.9%; NE-Pd, 16.7%; Pd, 2.9%), and adverse events leading to discontinuation (NPd, 25.0%; NE-Pd, 33.3%; Pd, 18.6%). No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSION CheckMate 602 did not demonstrate clinical benefit of nivolumab (+/- elotuzumab) plus Pd versus Pd for patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Oriol
- Institut Català d'Oncologia and Institut Josep Carreras, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roman Hájek
- University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava 17, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Spicka
- Charles University and General Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Yael C Cohen
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe E Gatt
- Hadassah University Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - José Mariz
- Instituto Portugues de Oncologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michele Cavo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", and Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Wang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | | | - Luciano J Costa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
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Hu M, Tang B, Dai Y, Zhao X. Unveiling the regulatory mechanism of nimotuzumab on PD-L1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients: Implications for enhanced anticancer treatment strategies. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111290. [PMID: 38977231 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The overexpression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is associated with resistance to anticancer therapies and poor prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Nimotuzumab, a humanized anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mAb, has been widely used clinically for treating several solid tumors. However, whether its anticancer effect involves a reduction in PD-L1 expression remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects and underlying mechanism of nimotuzumab on PD-L1 expression in HNSCC both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, nimotuzumab inhibited IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 upregulation at both the transcriptional and protein levels in the HNSCC cell lines. Subsequent mechanism research revealed that nimotuzumab suppressed IFN-γ-stimulated PD-L1 upregulation mainly by inhibiting phosphorylation of EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway, which was further validated by MEK and ERK inhibitors. In a HNSCC tumor-bearing model, nimotuzumab significantly decreased PD-L1 expression during tumor progression or chemotherapy, and this reduction was accompanied by increased sensitivity of the tumor to docetaxel and atezolizumab. Additionally, nimotuzumab reversed PD-L1 upregulation when combined with Taxol + Cisplatin (TP) induction chemotherapy regimens and improved the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltration in HNSCC patients. These findings provide new insights into the anticancer mechanisms of nimotuzumab in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of National Institute for Drug Clinical Trial, Affiliated Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Borui Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of National Institute for Drug Clinical Trial, Affiliated Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Yuyang Dai
- Department of National Institute for Drug Clinical Trial, Affiliated Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of National Institute for Drug Clinical Trial, Affiliated Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, PR China.
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He X, Yang H, Zheng Y, Zhao X, Wang T. The role of non-coding RNAs in neuropathic pain. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02989-y. [PMID: 39017932 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NPP) is a refractory pain syndrome, caused by damage or disease of the somatosensory nervous system and characterized by spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, abnormal pain and sensory abnormality. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and Piwi interacting RNA (piRNA), play a notable role in initiation and maintenance of NPP. In this review, we summarize the role of ncRNAs in NPP and their underlaying mechanism. Generally, ncRNAs are interacted with mRNA, protein or DNA to regulate the molecules and signals assciated with neuroinflammation, ion channels, neurotrophic factors and others, and then involved in the occurrence and development of NPP. Therefore, this review not only contributes to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of NPP, but also provides theoretical basis for the development of new therapy strategies for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying He
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huisi Yang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuexiang Zheng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, P.R. China.
| | - Tinghua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Tryggestad SS, Roseth IA, Aass KR, Ørning NEH, Mjelle R, Hella H, Standal T. Toll-like receptor signaling in multiple myeloma cells promotes the expression of pro-survival genes B-cell lymphoma 2 and MYC and modulates the expression of B-cell maturation antigen. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393906. [PMID: 38911853 PMCID: PMC11190062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections are common in plasma cell cancer multiple myeloma (MM) due to disease-related immune deficiencies and cancer treatment. Myeloma cells express Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and TLR activation has been shown to induce proliferative and pro-survival signals in cancer cells. MM is a complex and heterogeneous disease, and expression levels of TLRs as well as downstream signaling components are likely to differ between patients. Here, we show that in a large cohort of patients, TLR1, TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, and TLR10 are the most highly expressed in primary CD138+ cells. Using an MM cell line expressing TLR4 and TLR9 as a model, we demonstrate that TLR4 and TLR9 activation promoted the expression of well-established pro-survival and oncogenes in MM such as MYC, IRF4, NFKB, and BCL2. TLR4 and TLR9 activation inhibited the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib, drugs used in the treatment of MM. Inhibiting the autophagosome-lysosome protein degradation pathway by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) diminished the protective effect of TLR activation on proteasome inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity. We also found that TLR signaling downregulated the expression of TNFRSF17, the gene encoding for B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). MYC, BCL2, and BCL2L1 were upregulated in approximately 50% of primary cells, while the response to TLR signaling in terms of TNFRSF17 expression was dichotomous, as an equal fraction of patients showed upregulation and downregulation of the gene. While proteasome inhibitors are part of first-line MM treatment, several of the new anti-MM immune therapeutic drugs target BCMA. Thus, TLR activation may render MM cells less responsive to commonly used anti-myeloma drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synne Stokke Tryggestad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Aass Roseth
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristin Roseth Aass
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nadia Elise Helene Ørning
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robin Mjelle
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Hella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Hematology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Logghe T, van Zwol E, Immordino B, Van den Cruys K, Peeters M, Giovannetti E, Bogers J. Hyperthermia in Combination with Emerging Targeted and Immunotherapies as a New Approach in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:505. [PMID: 38339258 PMCID: PMC10854776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in the development of novel therapies, cancer continues to stand as a prominent global cause of death. In many cases, the cornerstone of standard-of-care therapy consists of chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT), or a combination of both. Notably, hyperthermia (HT), which has been in clinical use in the last four decades, has proven to enhance the effectiveness of CT and RT, owing to its recognized potency as a sensitizer. Furthermore, HT exerts effects on all steps of the cancer-immunity cycle and exerts a significant impact on key oncogenic pathways. Most recently, there has been a noticeable expansion of cancer research related to treatment options involving immunotherapy (IT) and targeted therapy (TT), a trend also visible in the research and development pipelines of pharmaceutical companies. However, the potential results arising from the combination of these innovative therapeutic approaches with HT remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this review aims to explore the oncology pipelines of major pharmaceutical companies, with the primary objective of identifying the principal targets of forthcoming therapies that have the potential to be advantageous for patients by specifically targeting molecular pathways involved in HT. The ultimate goal of this review is to pave the way for future research initiatives and clinical trials that harness the synergy between emerging IT and TT medications when used in conjunction with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Logghe
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Eke van Zwol
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Benoît Immordino
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, 56017 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marc Peeters
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, 56017 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Bogers
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Pophali P, Varela JC, Rosenblatt J. Immune checkpoint blockade in hematological malignancies: current state and future potential. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1323914. [PMID: 38322418 PMCID: PMC10844552 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1323914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells are known to evade immune surveillance by engaging immune checkpoints which are negative regulators of the immune system. By restoring the T-lymphocyte mediated anti-tumor effect, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of solid tumors but have met rather modest success in hematological malignancies. Currently, the only FDA approved indications for ICI therapy are in classic hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma. Multiple clinical trials have assessed ICI therapy alone and in combination with standard of care treatments in other lymphomas, plasma cell neoplasms and myeloid neoplasms but were noted to have limited efficacy. These trials mostly focused on PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors. Recently, there has been an effort to target other T-lymphocyte checkpoints like LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT along with improving strategies of PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 inhibition. Drugs targeting the macrophage checkpoint, CD47, are also being tested. Long term safety and efficacy data from these ongoing studies are eagerly awaited. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the key takeaways from the reported results of completed and ongoing studies of these therapies in the context of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Pophali
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Varela
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Orlando Health Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Ding H, Wu Y. CAR-T Therapy in Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:4362-4382. [PMID: 37779413 PMCID: PMC11340289 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673268932230920063933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm. The emergence of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies has improved the prognosis of multiple myeloma patients. However, some patients are still insensitive to conventional therapy or frequently relapse after remission. Chemotherapy based on proteasome inhibitors or immunomodulatory drugs is ineffective in controlling the progression of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma. No consensus has been reached on treating relapsed refractory multiple myeloma to date. Recently chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy has shown promising results that could achieve rapid remissions of patients and improve their prognoses. Additionally, most patients in chimeric antigen receptor T cell clinical trials were triple-refractory multiple myeloma patients, indicating that chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy could overcome drug resistance to new drugs. Since single immunotherapies are prone to acquired resistance, combination immunotherapies based on emerging immunotherapies may solve this issue. Achieving complete remission and minimal residual disease negative status as soon as possible is beneficial to patients. This paper reviewed the main chimeric antigen receptor T cell products in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma, and it explained the drug resistance mechanism and improvement methods of chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy. This review summarized the best beneficiaries of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and the salvage treatment of disease recurrence after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, providing some ideas for the clinical application of chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
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Kozalak G, Koşar A. Autophagy-related mechanisms for treatment of multiple myeloma. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:838-857. [PMID: 38239705 PMCID: PMC10792488 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of hematological cancer that occurs when B cells become malignant. Various drugs such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and compounds that cause DNA damage can be used in the treatment of MM. Autophagy, a type 2 cell death mechanism, plays a crucial role in determining the fate of B cells, either promoting their survival or inducing cell death. Therefore, autophagy can either facilitate the progression or hinder the treatment of MM disease. In this review, autophagy mechanisms that may be effective in MM cells were covered and evaluated within the contexts of unfolded protein response (UPR), bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), drug resistance, hypoxia, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, and apoptosis. The genes that are effective in each mechanism and research efforts on this subject were discussed in detail. Signaling pathways targeted by new drugs to benefit from autophagy in MM disease were covered. The efficacy of drugs that regulate autophagy in MM was examined, and clinical trials on this subject were included. Consequently, among the autophagy mechanisms that are effective in MM, the most suitable ones to be used in the treatment were expressed. The importance of 3D models and microfluidic systems for the discovery of new drugs for autophagy and personalized treatment was emphasized. Ultimately, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of MM disease, encompassing autophagy mechanisms, drugs, clinical studies, and further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Kozalak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey
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10
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Yuti P, Sawasdee N, Natungnuy K, Rujirachaivej P, Luangwattananun P, Sujjitjoon J, Yenchitsomanus PT. Enhanced antitumor efficacy, proliferative capacity, and alleviation of T cell exhaustion by fifth-generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting B cell maturation antigen in multiple myeloma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115691. [PMID: 37844355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has been approved for treating multiple myeloma (MM). Some clinical studies reported suboptimal outcomes, including reduced cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells and tumor evasion through increased expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). To enhance CAR-T cell efficiency and overcome PD-L1-mediated T cell suppression, we developed anti-BCMA-CAR5-T cells equipped with three costimulatory domains and the ability to secrete anti-PD-L1 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) blockade molecules. Anti-BCMA-CAR4-T cells contained a fully human anti-BCMA scFv and three intracellular domains (CD28, 4-1BB, and CD27) joined with CD3ζ. Anti-BCMA-CAR5-T cells were generated by fusing anti-BCMA-CAR4 with anti-PD-L1 scFv. Both anti-BCMA-CAR4-T and anti-BCMA-CAR5-T cells demonstrated comparable antitumor activity against parental MM cells. However, at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:2, only anti-BCMA-CAR5-T cells maintained cytolytic activity against PD-L1 high MM cells, unlike anti-BCMA-CAR4 T cells. Anti-BCMA-CAR5-T cells were specifically activated by BCMA-expressing target cells, resulting in increased CAR-T cell proliferation, release of cytolytic mediators, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Anti-BCMA-CAR5-T cells demonstrated specific cytotoxicity against BCMA-expressing target cells, leading to decreased target cell numbers, increased CAR-T cell numbers, and preserved CAR expression during antigenic re-stimulation. Interestingly, only anti-BCMA-CAR5-T cells showed reduced PD-1 receptor levels, which correlated with decreased PD-L1 expression on target cells. We successfully generated anti-BCMA-CAR5-T cells capable of secreting anti-PD-L1 scFv. These cells exhibited superior antitumor efficiency, proliferative capacity, and alleviated T-cell exhaustion against MM cells. Further investigation into the antitumor efficacy of anti-BCMA-CAR5-T cells is warranted in ex vivo and clinical research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimon Yuti
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nunghathai Sawasdee
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krissada Natungnuy
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punchita Rujirachaivej
- Graduate Program in Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piriya Luangwattananun
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Sujjitjoon
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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11
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Liu Z, Xu X, Liu H, Zhao X, Yang C, Fu R. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for multiple myeloma immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:99. [PMID: 38017516 PMCID: PMC10685608 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is related to immune disorders, recent studys have revealed that immunotherapy can greatly benefit MM patients. Immune checkpoints can negatively modulate the immune system and are closely associated with immune escape. Immune checkpoint-related therapy has attracted much attention and research in MM. However, the efficacy of those therapies need further improvements. There need more thoughts about the immune checkpoint to translate their use in clinical work. In our review, we aggregated the currently known immune checkpoints and their corresponding ligands, further more we propose various ways of potential translation applying treatment based on immune checkpoints for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xintong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xianghong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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12
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Cheng Y, Sun F, Alapat DV, Wanchai V, Mery D, Guo W, Cao H, Zhu Y, Ashby C, Bauer MA, Nookaew I, Siegel ER, Ying J, Chen JR, Gai D, Peng B, Xu H, Bailey C, Al Hadidi S, Schinke C, Thanendrarajan S, Zangari M, Chesi M, Bergsagel PL, van Rhee F, Janz S, Tricot G, Shaughnessy JD, Zhan F. High NEK2 expression in myeloid progenitors suppresses T cell immunity in multiple myeloma. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101214. [PMID: 37794587 PMCID: PMC10591052 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) growth is supported by an immune-tolerant bone marrow microenvironment. Here, we find that loss of Never in mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 2 (NEK2) in tumor microenvironmental cells is associated with MM growth suppression. The absence of NEK2 leads to both fewer tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and inhibitory T cells. NEK2 expression in myeloid progenitor cells promotes the generation of functional TAMs when stimulated with MM conditional medium. Clinically, high NEK2 expression in MM cells is associated with increased CD8+ T effector memory cells, while low NEK2 is associated with an IFN-γ gene signature and activated T cell response. Inhibition of NEK2 upregulates PD-L1 expression in MM cells and myeloid cells. In a mouse model, the combination of NEK2 inhibitor INH154 with PD-L1 blockade effectively eliminates MM cells and prolongs survival. Our results provide strong evidence that NEK2 inhibition may overcome tumor immune escape and support its further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Fumou Sun
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Daisy V Alapat
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Visanu Wanchai
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - David Mery
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Wancheng Guo
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Cody Ashby
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Michael Anton Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Dongzheng Gai
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Bailu Peng
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Clyde Bailey
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Samer Al Hadidi
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Carolina Schinke
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Sharmilan Thanendrarajan
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Maurizio Zangari
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Marta Chesi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Frits van Rhee
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Guido Tricot
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - John D Shaughnessy
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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13
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Chu Q, Yu J, Zhou J. Long noncoding RNA LTCONS4500 promotes antibacterial immune responses via targeting miR-3570-5p in teleost fish Miichthys miiuy. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104764. [PMID: 37356679 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) act as gene regulators in various biological processes, including innate immunity, in which lncRNAs could play their regulatory roles by interacting with miRNAs. Compared with mammals, there is little attention paid to the mechanism of the lncRNA-miRNA regulatory network in teleost fish. Herein, we found a long noncoding RNAs LTCONS4500 that could function as a positive regulator of the immune response in miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy). Specifically, we found that the expression of LTCONS4500 could be upregulated by gram-negative bacteria, such as Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio harveyi. Upregulated LTCONS4500 could promote the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Further study showed that LTCONS4500 could act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to interact with miR-3570-5p to facilitate MyD88 expression and thus enhance antibacterial immune responses. Our data suggests the function and mechanism of lncRNAs in antibacterial immune responses of teleost fish, which will enrich the gene regulatory network of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China.
| | - Jingyao Yu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiale Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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14
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van den Brink A, Suárez Peredo Rodríguez MF, Foijer F. Chromosomal instability and inflammation: a catch-22 for cancer cells. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:19. [PMID: 37561163 PMCID: PMC10415485 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), an increased rate of chromosomal segregation abnormalities, drives intratumor heterogeneity and affects most human cancers. In addition to chromosome copy number alterations, CIN results in chromosome(s) (fragments) being mislocalized into the cytoplasm in the form of micronuclei. Micronuclei can be detected by cGAS, a double-strand nucleic acid sensor, which will lead to the production of the second messenger 2'3'-cGAMP, activation of an inflammatory response, and downstream immune cell activation. However, the molecular network underlying the CIN-induced inflammatory response is still poorly understood. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that cancers that display CIN circumvent this CIN-induced inflammatory response, and thus immune surveillance. The STAT1, STAT3, and NF-κB signaling cascades appear to play an important role in the CIN-induced inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss how these pathways are involved in signaling CIN in cells and how they are intertwined. A better understanding of how CIN is being signaled in cells and how cancer cells circumvent this is of the utmost importance for better and more selective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk van den Brink
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria F Suárez Peredo Rodríguez
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Li C, Cang W, Gu Y, Chen L, Xiang Y. The anti-PD-1 era of cervical cancer: achievement, opportunity, and challenge. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195476. [PMID: 37559727 PMCID: PMC10407549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the three major female gynecological malignancies, becoming a major global health challenge. Although about 90% of early-stage patients can be cured by surgery, advanced-stage patients still need new treatment methods to improve their efficacy, especially for those with recurrence and metastasis tumors. Anti-PD-1 is currently the most widely used immune checkpoint inhibitor, which has revolutionized cancer therapy for different types of cancer. Pembrolizumab has been approved for second-line treatment of R/M CC but has a modest overall response rate of about 15%. Therefore, multiple types of anti-PD-1 have entered clinical trials successively and evaluated the efficacy in combination with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. At the same time, the dual specific antibody of PD-1/CTLA-4 was also used in clinical trials of cervical cancer, and the results showed better than anti-PD-1 monotherapy. In addition, anti-PD-1 has also been shown to sensitize radiotherapy. Therefore, understanding the current research progress of anti-PD-1 will better guide clinical application. This review summarizes ongoing clinical trials and published studies of anti-PD-1 monotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer, as well as discusses the potential molecular biological mechanisms of combination, aiming to provide the basic evidence for support anti-PD-1 in the treatment of cervical cancer and new insights in combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Tostes K, Siqueira AP, Reis RM, Leal LF, Arantes LMRB. Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in NSCLC: Current Developments and Applicability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11887. [PMID: 37569262 PMCID: PMC10418476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancer types, resulting in over 1.8 million deaths annually. Immunotherapy utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ICIs, predominantly monoclonal antibodies, modulate co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals crucial for maintaining immune tolerance. Despite significant therapeutic advancements in NSCLC, patients still face challenges such as disease progression, recurrence, and high mortality rates. Therefore, there is a need for predictive biomarkers that can guide lung cancer treatment strategies. Currently, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is the only established biomarker for predicting ICI response. However, its accuracy and robustness are not consistently reliable. This review provides an overview of potential biomarkers currently under development or in the validation stage that hold promise in improving the classification of responders and non-responders to ICI therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiane Tostes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
| | - Aléxia Polo Siqueira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Leticia Ferro Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata-FACISB, Barretos 14785-002, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Wong S, Hamidi H, Costa LJ, Bekri S, Neparidze N, Vij R, Nielsen TG, Raval A, Sareen R, Wassner-Fritsch E, Cho HJ. Multi-omic analysis of the tumor microenvironment shows clinical correlations in Ph1 study of atezolizumab +/- SoC in MM. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085893. [PMID: 37559718 PMCID: PMC10408441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable, and treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease is challenging. There is an unmet need for more targeted therapies in this setting; deep cellular and molecular phenotyping of the tumor and microenvironment in MM could help guide such therapies. This phase 1b study (NCT02431208) evaluated the safety and efficacy of the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 monoclonal antibody atezolizumab (Atezo) alone or in combination with the standard of care (SoC) treatments lenalidomide (Len) or pomalidomide (Pom) and/or daratumumab (Dara) in patients with R/R MM. Study endpoints included incidence of adverse events (AEs) and overall response rate (ORR). A novel unsupervised integrative multi-omic analysis was performed using RNA sequencing, mass cytometry immunophenotyping, and proteomic profiling of baseline and on-treatment bone marrow samples from patients receiving Atezo monotherapy or Atezo+Dara. A similarity network fusion (SNF) algorithm was applied to preprocessed data. Eighty-five patients were enrolled. Treatment-emergent deaths occurred in 2 patients; both deaths were considered unrelated to study treatment. ORRs ranged from 11.1% (Atezo+Len cohorts, n=18) to 83.3% (Atezo+Dara+Pom cohort, n=6). High-dimensional multi-omic profiling of the tumor microenvironment and integrative SNF analysis revealed novel correlations between cellular and molecular features of the tumor and immune microenvironment, patient selection criteria, and clinical outcome. Atezo monotherapy and SoC combinations were safe in this patient population and demonstrated some evidence of clinical efficacy. Integrative analysis of high dimensional genomics and immune data identified novel clinical correlations that may inform patient selection criteria and outcome assessment in future immunotherapy studies for myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Wong
- University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Habib Hamidi
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Luciano J. Costa
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Selma Bekri
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Ravi Vij
- Division of Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Aparna Raval
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rajan Sareen
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Hearn J. Cho
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF), Norwalk, CT, United States
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18
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Liu M, Hu Z, Wang C, Zhang Y. The TLR/MyD88 signalling cascade in inflammation and gastric cancer: the immune regulatory network of Helicobacter pylori. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:767-781. [PMID: 37195446 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic gastritis represents a well-established risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanism by which chronic inflammation caused by H. pylori induces the development of GC is unclear. H. pylori can influence host cell signalling pathways to induce gastric disease development and mediate cancer promotion and progression. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), play a key role in the gastrointestinal innate immune response, and their signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of an increasing number of inflammation-associated cancers. The core adapter myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) is shared by most TLRs and functions primarily in H. pylori-triggered innate immune signalling. MyD88 is envisioned as a potential target for the regulation of immune responses and is involved in the regulation of tumourigenesis in a variety of cancer models. In recent years, the TLR/MyD88 signalling pathway has received increasing attention for its role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses, inducing inflammatory activation and promoting tumour formation. In addition, TLR/MyD88 signalling can manipulate the expression of infiltrating immune cells and various cytokines in the tumour microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the pathogenetic regulatory mechanisms of the TLR/MyD88 signalling cascade pathway and its downstream molecules in H. pylori infection-induced-associated GC. The focus is to elucidate the immunomolecular mechanisms of pathogen recognition and innate immune system activation of H. pylori in the TME of inflammation-associated GC. Ultimately, this study will provide insight into the mechanism of H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation-induced GC development and provide thoughts for GC prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liu
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhizhong Hu
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, China.
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19
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Perdikis-Prati S, Sheikh S, Bouroumeau A, Lang N. Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Biomarkers of Response in Lymphoma: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1720. [PMID: 37371815 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the prognosis of several advanced-stage solid tumors. However, its success has been far more limited in hematological malignancies and is mostly restricted to classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBCL). In patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), response to PD-1/PD-L1 ICB monotherapy has been relatively limited, although some subtypes are more sensitive than others. Numerous predictive biomarkers have been investigated in solid malignancies, such as PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI), among others. This review aims to appraise the current knowledge on PD-1/PD-L1 ICB efficacy in lymphoma when used either as monotherapy or combined with other agents, and describes potential biomarkers of response in this specific setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Semira Sheikh
- Department of Hematology, Universitätsspital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonin Bouroumeau
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospital, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Lang
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center of Translational Research in Oncohematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Duan Y, Zhang X, Ying H, Xu J, Yang H, Sun K, He L, Li M, Ji Y, Liang T, Bai X. Targeting MFAP5 in cancer-associated fibroblasts sensitizes pancreatic cancer to PD-L1-based immunochemotherapy via remodeling the matrix. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02711-9. [PMID: 37156839 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contributes to tumor progression and resistance to current therapies. Clues targeting the notorious stromal environment have offered hope for improving therapeutic response whereas the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we find that prognostic microfibril associated protein 5 (MFAP5) is involved in activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Inhibition of MFAP5highCAFs shows synergistic effect with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and PD-L1-based immunotherapy. Mechanistically, MFAP5 deficiency in CAFs downregulates HAS2 and CXCL10 via MFAP5/RCN2/ERK/STAT1 axis, leading to angiogenesis, hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagens deposition reduction, cytotoxic T cells infiltration, and tumor cells apoptosis. Additionally, in vivo blockade of CXCL10 with AMG487 could partially reverse the pro-tumor effect from MFAP5 overexpression in CAFs and synergize with anti-PD-L1 antibody to enhance the immunotherapeutic effect. Therefore, targeting MFAP5highCAFs might be a potential adjuvant therapy to enhance the immunochemotherapy effect in PDAC via remodeling the desmoplastic and immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for The Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for The Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for The Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for The Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honggang Ying
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for The Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for The Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for The Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for The Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanshen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for The Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for The Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for The Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for The Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihong He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for The Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for The Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muchun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for The Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for The Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongtao Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for The Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for The Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for The Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for The Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for The Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for The Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Liu Z, Xu X, Liu K, Zhang J, Ding D, Fu R. Immunogenic Cell Death in Hematological Malignancy Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207475. [PMID: 36815385 PMCID: PMC10161053 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the curative effect of hematological malignancies has been improved in recent years, relapse or drug resistance of hematological malignancies will eventually recur. Furthermore, the microenvironment disorder is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a unique mechanism of regulated cell death (RCD) that triggers an intact antigen-specific adaptive immune response by firing a set of danger signals or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which is an immunotherapeutic modality with the potential for the treatment of hematological malignancies. This review summarizes the existing knowledge about the induction of ICD in hematological malignancies and the current research on combining ICD inducers with other treatment strategies for hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052P. R. China
| | - Xintong Xu
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052P. R. China
| | - Kaining Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive, Materials, Ministry of Education and College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive, Materials, Ministry of Education and College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyKey Laboratory of Bioactive, Materials, Ministry of Education and College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052P. R. China
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22
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Li D, Yuan C, Zhao B, Cai G, Xu Y. LncRNA Kcnq1ot1relieves neuropathic pain through downregulation of Myd88. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110218. [PMID: 37104915 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have already been documented to become the therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain. Here, this work focused on exploring the specific mechanism underlying Kcnq1 overlapping transcript 1 (kcnq1ot1) in neuropathic pain. METHODS Sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) in vivo and LPS-stimulated microglia BV2 cell injury in vitro were adopted to construct neuropathic pain models. Expressions of kcnq1ot1, MyD88, and microglia activation marker Iba-1 were measured. In this study, we carried out fluorescence in-situ Hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence for examining Kcnq1ot1 localization within microglial cells in mouse spinal dorsal horn. Subsequently, we evaluated binding between Kcnq1ot1 and Myd88, together with the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and Myd88 ubiquitination. RESULTS Kcnq1ot1 levels decreased within CCI mice and LPS-induced BV2 cells. According to the results of FISH and immunofluorescence, Kcnq1ot1 is located in microglia. Overexpression of Kcnq1ot1 suppressed Iba-1, IL-1β, IL-6 together with TNF-α expression. RNA pull-down and RIP assay confirmed that Kcnq1ot1 bound to Myd88. In addition, Kcnq1ot1 overexpression promoted the degradation, enhanced the ubiquitination, and reduced protein level of Myd88. Overexpression of Myd88 eliminated the effects of Kcnq1ot1 overexpression on Iba-1level and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further in vivo results revealed that increased Kcnq1ot1 level alleviated neuropathic pain and myelinated nerve fiber injury of CCI mice. CONCLUSION Kcnq1ot1 downregulated Myd88 protein expression by binding to Myd88 and promoting its ubiquitination, which in turn suppressed microglia activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and relieved neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Chang Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bingxiao Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Gaige Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Swan D, Murphy P, Glavey S, Quinn J. Bispecific Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma: Opportunities to Enhance Efficacy and Improve Safety. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061819. [PMID: 36980705 PMCID: PMC10046900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological neoplasm of adults in the Western world. Overall survival has doubled since the advent of proteosome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs), and monoclonal antibodies. However, patients with adverse cytogenetics or high-risk disease as determined by the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) continue to have poorer outcomes, and triple-refractory patients have a median survival of less than 1 year. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) commonly bind to a tumour epitope along with CD3 on T-cells, leading to T-cell activation and tumour cell killing. These treatments show great promise in MM patients, with the first agent, teclistamab, receiving regulatory approval in 2022. Their potential utility is hampered by the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME), a hallmark of MM, which may limit efficacy, and by undesirable adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and infections, some of which may be fatal. In this review, we first consider the means of enhancing the efficacy of BsAbs in MM. These include combining BsAbs with other drugs that ameliorate the effect of the immunosuppressive TME, improving target availability, the use of BsAbs directed against multiple target antigens, and the optimal time in the treatment pathway to employ BsAbs. We then discuss methods to improve safety, focusing on reducing infection rates associated with treatment-induced hypogammaglobulinaemia, and decreasing the frequency and severity of CRS. BsAbs offer a highly-active therapeutic option in MM. Improving the efficacy and safety profiles of these agents may enable more patients to benefit from these novel therapies and improve outcomes for patients with high-risk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Swan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-809-3000
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Xu Y, Nowsheen S, Deng M. DNA Repair Deficiency Regulates Immunity Response in Cancers: Molecular Mechanism and Approaches for Combining Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051619. [PMID: 36900418 PMCID: PMC10000854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways can lead to genomic instability in multiple tumor types, which contributes to tumor immunogenicity. Inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR) has been reported to increase tumor susceptibility to anticancer immunotherapy. However, the interplay between DDR and the immune signaling pathways remains unclear. In this review, we will discuss how a deficiency in DDR affects anti-tumor immunity, highlighting the cGAS-STING axis as an important link. We will also review the clinical trials that combine DDR inhibition and immune-oncology treatments. A better understanding of these pathways will help exploit cancer immunotherapy and DDR pathways to improve treatment outcomes for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
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Owaki R, Deguchi T, Konnai S, Maekawa N, Okagawa T, Hosoya K, Kim S, Sunaga T, Okumura M. Regulation of programmed death ligand 1 expression by interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α in canine tumour cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:279-290. [PMID: 36802270 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumour cells provides an immune evasion mechanism by inducing suppression of cytotoxic T cells. Various regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 expression have been described in human tumours, however, little is known in canine tumours. To investigate whether inflammatory signalling is involved in PD-L1 regulation in canine tumours, the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α treatment were examined in canine malignant melanoma cell lines (CMeC and LMeC) and an osteosarcoma cell line (HMPOS). The protein level of PD-L1 expression was upregulated by IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulation. Upon IFN-γ stimulation, all cell lines showed an increase in expression of PD-L1, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3 and genes regulated by STAT activation. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of a JAK inhibitor, oclacitinib. Contrastingly, upon TNF-α stimulation, all cell lines exhibited higher gene expression of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene RELA and genes regulated by NF-κB activation, whereas expression of PD-L1 was upregulated in LMeC only. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of an NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7082. The expression level of cell surface PD-L1 induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α treatment was reduced by oclacitinib and BAY 11-7082, respectively, indicating that upregulation of PD-L1 expression by IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulation is regulated via the JAK-STAT and NF-κB signalling pathways, respectively. These results provide insights into the role of inflammatory signalling in PD-L1 regulation in canine tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Owaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Deguchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sunaga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Review on Bortezomib Resistance in Multiple Myeloma and Potential Role of Emerging Technologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010111. [PMID: 36678608 PMCID: PMC9864669 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer type. For its treatment, Bortezomib has been widely used. However, drug resistance to this effective chemotherapeutic has been developed for various reasons. 2D cell cultures and animal models have failed to understand the MM disease and Bortezomib resistance. It is therefore essential to utilize new technologies to reveal a complete molecular profile of the disease. In this review, we in-depth examined the possible molecular mechanisms that cause Bortezomib resistance and specifically addressed MM and Bortezomib resistance. Moreover, we also included the use of nanoparticles, 3D culture methods, microfluidics, and organ-on-chip devices in multiple myeloma. We also discussed whether the emerging technology offers the necessary tools to understand and prevent Bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. Despite the ongoing research activities on MM, the related studies cannot provide a complete summary of MM. Nanoparticle and 3D culturing have been frequently used to understand MM disease and Bortezomib resistance. However, the number of microfluidic devices for this application is insufficient. By combining siRNA/miRNA technologies with microfluidic devices, a complete molecular genetic profile of MM disease could be revealed. Microfluidic chips should be used clinically in personal therapy and point-of-care applications. At least with Bortezomib microneedles, it could be ensured that MM patients can go through the treatment process more painlessly. This way, MM can be switched to the curable cancer type list, and Bortezomib can be targeted for its treatment with fewer side effects.
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Wang H, Zhang G, Yang X, Lu Z, Zhao H. Lenvatinib plus immune checkpoint inhibitors or locoregional therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Lessons learned and moving forwards. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188841. [PMID: 36423747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the deadliest neoplasms around the world, and a major proportion of patients are diagnosed in an advanced state not amenable to curative treatment. Lenvatinib, a promising first-line targeted therapy, has shown antitumour activity in both preclinical studies and clinical trials. Emerging evidence indicates that a combination of lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 inhibitors or locoregional therapies exerts a stronger antitumour effect than monotherapy and even offers the possibility of long-term survival while maintaining acceptable tolerability. Several studies have also shown the superiority of lenvatinib over sorafenib in combination strategies. This review addresses the rationale behind lenvatinib-based combination therapies and comprehensively summarizes various clinical studies investigating lenvatinib in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), locoregional therapies, and other systemic treatments. We discuss the unsatisfactory search for suitable biomarkers and key ongoing trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyuan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730 Beijing, China.
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28
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Pang K, Shi ZD, Wei LY, Dong Y, Ma YY, Wang W, Wang GY, Cao MY, Dong JJ, Chen YA, Zhang P, Hao L, Xu H, Pan D, Chen ZS, Han CH. Research progress of therapeutic effects and drug resistance of immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 66:100907. [PMID: 36527888 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The binding of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on the surface of T cells and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells can prevent the immune-killing effect of T cells on tumor cells and promote the immune escape of tumor cells. Therefore, immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 is a reliable tumor therapy with remarkable efficacy. However, the main challenges of this therapy are low response rate and acquired resistance, so that the outcomes of this therapy are usually unsatisfactory. This review begins with the description of biological structure of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint and its role in a variety of cells. Subsequently, the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint blockers (PD-1 / PD-L1 inhibitors) in various tumors were introduced and analyzed, and the reasons affecting the function of PD-1/PD-L1 were systematically analyzed. Then, we focused on analyzing, sorting out and introducing the possible underlying mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade including abnormal expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and some factors, immune-related pathways, tumor immune microenvironment, and T cell dysfunction and others. Finally, promising therapeutic strategies to sensitize the resistant patients with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade treatment were described. This review is aimed at providing guidance for the treatment of various tumors, and highlighting the drug resistance mechanisms to offer directions for future tumor treatment and improvement of patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Duo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu, China; Department of Urology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liu-Ya Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Yang Ma
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Building 1, Administration Building, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical College, Southeast University, 87 DingjiaQiao, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Yue Wang
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Building 1, Administration Building, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Yang Cao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Jun Dong
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Ang Chen
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Building 1, Administration Building, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Building 1, Administration Building, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Building 1, Administration Building, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
| | - Cong-Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu, China; Department of Urology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Heilongjiang, China.
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Giannotta C, Castella B, Tripoli E, Grimaldi D, Avonto I, D’Agostino M, Larocca A, Kopecka J, Grasso M, Riganti C, Massaia M. Immune dysfunctions affecting bone marrow Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in multiple myeloma: Role of immune checkpoints and disease status. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1073227. [PMID: 36605214 PMCID: PMC9808386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1073227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone marrow (BM) Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are intrinsically predisposed to sense the immune fitness of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Methods In this work, we have used BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to interrogate the role of the immune checkpoint/immune checkpoint-ligand (ICP/ICP-L) network in the immune suppressive TME of MM patients. Results PD-1+ BM MM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells combine phenotypic, functional, and TCR-associated alterations consistent with chronic exhaustion and immune senescence. When challenged by zoledronic acid (ZA) as a surrogate assay to interrogate the reactivity to their natural ligands, BM MM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells further up-regulate PD-1 and TIM-3 and worsen TCR-associated alterations. BM MM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells up-regulate TIM-3 after stimulation with ZA in combination with αPD-1, whereas PD-1 is not up-regulated after ZA stimulation with αTIM-3, indicating a hierarchical regulation of inducible ICP expression. Dual αPD-1/αTIM-3 blockade improves the immune functions of BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in MM at diagnosis (MM-dia), whereas single PD-1 blockade is sufficient to rescue BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in MM in remission (MM-rem). By contrast, ZA stimulation induces LAG-3 up-regulation in BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from MM in relapse (MM-rel) and dual PD-1/LAG-3 blockade is the most effective combination in this setting. Discussion These data indicate that: 1) inappropriate immune interventions can exacerbate Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell dysfunction 2) ICP blockade should be tailored to the disease status to get the most of its beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giannotta
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Castella
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy,Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Ezio Tripoli
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy,Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Daniele Grimaldi
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Avonto
- Servizio Interdipartimentale di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Mattia D’Agostino
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Larocca
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariella Grasso
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy,Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy,*Correspondence: Massimo Massaia,
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Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Insights, Preclinical and Clinical Data, and Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315384. [PMID: 36499710 PMCID: PMC9738355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) constitutes one of the main immune evasion mechanisms of cancer cells. The approval of drugs against the PD-1-PD-L1 axis has given new impetus to the chemo-therapy of many malignancies. We performed a literature review from 1992 to August 2022, summarizing evidence regarding molecular structures, physiological and pathological roles, mechanisms of PD-L1 overexpression, and immunotherapy evasion. Furthermore, we summarized the studies concerning head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) immunotherapy and the prospects for improving the associated outcomes, such as identifying treatment response biomarkers, new pharmacological combinations, and new molecules. PD-L1 overexpression can occur via four mechanisms: genetic modifications; inflammatory signaling; oncogenic pathways; microRNA or protein-level regulation. Four molecular mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy have been identified: tumor cell adaptation; changes in T-cell function or proliferation; alterations of the tumor microenvironment; alternative immunological checkpoints. Immunotherapy was indeed shown to be superior to traditional chemotherapy in locally advanced/recurrent/metastatic HNSCC treatments.
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31
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Mechanisms of Resistance and Strategies to Combat Resistance in PD-(L)1 Blockade. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged survival and durable responses in several late-stage cancers such as melanoma and lung cancer have been made possible with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1. While it is prudent to focus on the unprecedented and durable clinical responses, there are subsets of cancer patients that do not respond to immunotherapies or respond early and then relapse later. Many pathways of resistance have been characterized, and more continue to be uncovered. To overcome the development of resistance, an in-depth investigation is necessary to identify alternative immune receptors and signals with the overarching goal of expanding treatment options for those with demonstrated resistance to PD1 checkpoint immunotherapy. In this mini-review, we will discuss the mechanisms by which tumors exhibit resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and explore strategies to overcome such resistances.
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32
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Ho M, Xiao A, Yi D, Zanwar S, Bianchi G. Treating Multiple Myeloma in the Context of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:8975-9005. [PMID: 36421358 PMCID: PMC9689284 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved considerably with the FDA-approval of at least 15 drugs over the past two decades. Together with the use of autologous stem cell transplantation, these novel therapies have resulted in significant survival benefit for patients with MM. In particular, our improved understanding of the BM and immune microenvironment has led to the development of highly effective immunotherapies that have demonstrated unprecedented response rates even in the multiple refractory disease setting. However, MM remains challenging to treat especially in a high-risk setting. A key mediator of therapeutic resistance in MM is the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment; a deeper understanding is necessary to facilitate the development of therapies that target MM in the context of the BM milieu to elicit deeper and more durable responses with the ultimate goal of long-term control or a cure of MM. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the role the BM microenvironment plays in MM pathogenesis, with a focus on its immunosuppressive nature. We also review FDA-approved immunotherapies currently in clinical use and highlight promising immunotherapeutic approaches on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Alexander Xiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Dongni Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Saurabh Zanwar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA
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33
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Anticancer natural products targeting immune checkpoint protein network. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1008-1032. [PMID: 34838956 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Normal cells express surface proteins that bind to immune checkpoint proteins on immune cells to turn them off, whereby the immune system does not attack normal healthy cells. Cancer cells can also utilize this same protective mechanism by expressing surface proteins that can interact with checkpoint proteins on immune cells to overcome the immune surveillance. Immunotherapy is making the best use of the body's own immune system to reinforce anti-tumor responses. The most generally used immunotherapy is the control of immune checkpoints including the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell deathreceptor 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1). In spite of the clinical effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the overall response rate still remains low. Therefore, there have been considerable efforts in searching for alternative immune checkpoint proteins that may work as new therapeutic targets for treatment of cancer. Recent studies have identified several additional novel immune checkpoint targets, including lymphocyte activation gene-3, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3, T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domain, V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation, B7 homolog 3 protein, B and T cell lymphocyte attenuator, and inducible T cell COStimulator. Natural compounds, especially those present in medicinal or dietary plants, have been investigated for their anti-tumor effects in various in vitro and in vivo models. Some phytochemicals exert anti-tumor activities based on immunoregulatioby blocking interaction between proteins involved in immune checkpoint signal transduction or regulating their expression/activity. Recently, synergistic anti-cancer effects of diverse phytochemicals with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody drugs have been continuously reported. Considering an increasing attention to noteworthy therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the cancer therapy, this review focuses on regulatory effects of selected phytochemicals on immune checkpoint protein network and their combinational effectiveness with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting tumor cells.
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Abstract
The identification and characterization of tumor antigens are central objectives in developing anti-cancer immunotherapy. Traditionally, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are considered relatively restricted to tumor cells (i.e., overexpressed proteins in tumor cells), whereas tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are considered unique to tumor cells. Recent studies have focused on identifying patient-specific neoantigens, which might be highly immunogenic because they are not expressed in normal tissues. The opposite strategy has emerged with the discovery of anti-regulatory T cells (anti-Tregs) that recognize and attack many cell types in the tumor microenvironment, such as regulatory immune cells, in addition to tumor cells. The term proposed in this review is "tumor microenvironment antigens" (TMAs) to describe the antigens that draw this attack. As therapeutic targets, TMAs offer several advantages that differentiate them from more traditional tumor antigens. Targeting TMAs leads not only to a direct attack on tumor cells but also to modulation of the tumor microenvironment, rendering it immunocompetent and tumor-hostile. Of note, in contrast to TAAs and TSAs, TMAs also are expressed in non-transformed cells with consistent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression. Inflammation often induces HLA expression in malignant cells, so that targeting TMAs could additionally affect tumors with no or very low levels of surface HLA expression. This review defines the characteristics, differences, and advantages of TMAs compared with traditional tumor antigens and discusses the use of these antigens in immune modulatory vaccines as an attractive approach to immunotherapy. Different TMAs are expressed by different cells and could be combined in anti-cancer immunotherapies to attack tumor cells directly and modulate local immune cells to create a tumor-hostile microenvironment and inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Immune modulatory vaccines offer an approach for combinatorial therapy with additional immunotherapy including checkpoint blockade, cellular therapy, or traditional cancer vaccines. These combinations would increase the number of patients who can benefit from such therapeutic measures, which all have optimal efficiency in inflamed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 25C, 5th floor, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Li C, Liang H, Bian S, Hou X, Ma Y. Construction of a Prognosis Model of the Pyroptosis-Related Gene in Multiple Myeloma and Screening of Core Genes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34608-34620. [PMID: 36188246 PMCID: PMC9521030 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an important factor affecting the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. However, in multiple myeloma (MM), there are few studies on whether the occurrence of pyroptosis is related to the occurrence and prognosis of the disease. Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus and Cancer Genome Atlas database search dataset, this study identified pyroptosis-related genes with a specific prognosis, constructed and verified the prediction model by stepwise Cox regression analysis and time receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and predicted specific functions by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Dataset analysis identified key genes, which were used to construct a risk scoring system for the prognosis of MM. The entire test set and external verification set verified the results. The expression levels of related genes in the clinical samples were detected using fluorescence quantitative PCR. A prognostic gene model based on six pyroptosis-related genes (CYCS, NLRP9, AIM2, NOD2, CHMP3, and GSDME) was constructed. The model has an excellent prognostic ability and can be popularized in the external validation set. The predictive prognostic nomogram integrating clinical information can effectively evaluate the risk score of each patient and predict their survival. After sample validation, our study found three potential key pyroptosis-related genes in multiple myeloma. GSDME, NOD2, and CHMP3 were significantly different between MM and healthy subjects, suggesting that they are pyroptosis-related protective genes. This study shows that the key pyroptosis-related gene in the model can be used as a marker for predicting the prognosis of myeloma, which may provide a basis for clinical individualized stratification therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Department
of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical
University, Shanxi Medical University, 030000 Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongzheng Liang
- Department
of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical
University, Shanxi Medical University, 030000 Taiyuan, China
| | - Sicheng Bian
- Harbin
Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, NanGang District, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Hou
- Department
of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical
University, Shanxi Medical University, 030000 Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Department
of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical
University, Shanxi Medical University, 030000 Taiyuan, China
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36
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Dima D, Jiang D, Singh DJ, Hasipek M, Shah HS, Ullah F, Khouri J, Maciejewski JP, Jha BK. Multiple Myeloma Therapy: Emerging Trends and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174082. [PMID: 36077618 PMCID: PMC9454959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow that secrete large amounts of immunoglobulins and other non-functional proteins. Despite decades of progress and several landmark therapeutic advancements, MM remains incurable in most cases. Standard of care frontline therapies have limited durable efficacy, with the majority of patients eventually relapsing, either early or later. Induced drug resistance via up-modulations of signaling cascades that circumvent the effect of drugs and the emergence of genetically heterogeneous sub-clones are the major causes of the relapsed-refractory state of MM. Cytopenias from cumulative treatment toxicity and disease refractoriness limit therapeutic options, hence creating an urgent need for innovative approaches effective against highly heterogeneous myeloma cell populations. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the current and future treatment paradigm of MM, and highlight the gaps in therapeutic translations of recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of emerging preclinical research in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Dima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dongxu Jiang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Divya Jyoti Singh
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Metis Hasipek
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Haikoo S. Shah
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Fauzia Ullah
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jack Khouri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Babal K. Jha
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ding K, He Y, Wei J, Fu S, Wang J, Chen Z, Zhang H, Qu Y, Liang K, Gong X, Qiu L, Chen D, Xiao B, Du H. A score of DNA damage repair pathway with the predictive ability for chemotherapy and immunotherapy is strongly associated with immune signaling pathway in pan-cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943090. [PMID: 36081518 PMCID: PMC9445361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair (DDR) is critical in maintaining normal cellular function and genome integrity and is associated with cancer risk, progression, and therapeutic response. However, there is still a lack of a thorough understanding of the effects of DDR genes’ expression level in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, we defined a tumor-related DDR score (TR-DDR score), utilizing the expression levels of 20 genes, to quantify the tumor signature of DNA damage repair pathways in tumors and explore the possible function and mechanism for the score among different cancers. The TR-DDR score has remarkably predictive power for tumor tissues. It is a more accurate indicator for the response of chemotherapy or immunotherapy combined with the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and G2M checkpoint score than the pre-existing predictors (CD8 or PD-L1). This study points out that the TR-DDR score generally has positive correlations with patients of advanced-stage, genome-instability, and cell proliferation signature, while negative correlations with inflammatory response, apoptosis, and p53 pathway signature. In the context of tumor immune response, the TR-DDR score strongly positively correlates with the number of T cells (CD4+ activated memory cells, CD8+ cells, T regs, Tfh) and macrophages M1 polarization. In addition, by difference analysis and correlation analysis, COL2A1, MAGEA4, FCRL4, and ZIC1 are screened out as the potential modulating factors for the TR-DDR score. In summary, we light on a new biomarker for DNA damage repair pathways and explore its possible mechanism to guide therapeutic strategies and drug response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ding
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua He
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfen Wei
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Fu
- College of Life Science, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jiajian Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Department of Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimo Qu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keying Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocheng Gong
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Qiu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Fangrui Institute of Innovative Drugs, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Botao Xiao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Botao Xiao, ; Hongli Du,
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Botao Xiao, ; Hongli Du,
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38
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Duan X, Xu X, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Zhou J, Li J. DDR1 functions as an immune negative factor in colorectal cancer by regulating tumor-infiltrating T cell through IL-18. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3672-3685. [PMID: 35969377 PMCID: PMC9633303 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies represented by programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors have made great progress in the field of anticancer treatment, but most colorectal cancer patients do not benefit from immunotherapy. Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a tyrosine kinase receptor, is activated by collagen binding and overexpressed in various malignancies. However, the role of DDR1 in colorectal cancer and immunoregulation remains unclear. In this study, we found DDR1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and negatively associated with patient survival. We demonstrated that DDR1 promotes colorectal tumor growth only in vivo. Mechanistically, DDR1 is a negative immunomodulator in colorectal cancer and is involved in low infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by inhibiting IL‐18 synthesis. We also reported that DDR1 enhances the expression of PD‐L1 through activating the c‐Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the immunosuppressive role of DDR1 in colorectal cancer, which may represent a novel target to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Duan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuli Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sun X, Zhang T, Li M, Yin L, Xue J. Immunosuppressive B cells expressing PD-1/PD-L1 in solid tumors: a mini review. QJM 2022; 115:507-512. [PMID: 31250021 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1/CD279) on T cells and the ligand of PD-1, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) (CD274/B7-H1) on tumor cells or other immune cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, are important mechanisms to induce malignant immunosuppression. PD-1/PD-L1 expression on B-cell subsets, as well as their signaling and inhibitory functions in solid tumors will be discussed in this review with the focus on how B cells expressing PD-1/PD-L1 play immunosuppressive roles in tumor progression, aiming to figure out the potential for development of diagnostic tools and new therapies involving this unique group of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- From the 1Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - T Zhang
- From the 1Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - M Li
- From the 1Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - L Yin
- From the 1Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - J Xue
- From the 1Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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40
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Soekojo CY, Chng WJ. The Evolution Of Immune Dysfunction In Multiple Myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2022; 109:415-424. [PMID: 35880386 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review discusses the role of immune dysfunction at the different stages of MM. METHODS Narrative review RESULTS: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex disease and immune dysfunction has been known to play an important role in disease pathogenesis, progression, and drug resistance. MM is known to be preceded by asymptomatic precursor states and progression from the precursor states to MM is likely related to a progressive impairment of the immune system. CONCLUSIONS An understanding of the role of the immune system in the progression of MM is important to guide the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinnie Yentia Soekojo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System
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Zheng D, Hou X, Yu J, He X. Combinatorial Strategies With PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Breast Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928369. [PMID: 35935874 PMCID: PMC9355550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an emerging antitumor strategy, immune checkpoint therapy is one of the most promising anticancer therapies due to its long response duration. Antibodies against the programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis have been extensively applied to various cancers and have demonstrated unprecedented efficacy. Nevertheless, a poor response to monotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 has been observed in metastatic breast cancer. Combination therapy with other standard treatments is expected to overcome this limitation of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in the treatment of breast cancer. In the present review, we first illustrate the biological functions of PD-1/PD-L1 and their role in maintaining immune homeostasis as well as protecting against immune-mediated tissue damage in a variety of microenvironments. Several combination therapy strategies for the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with standard treatment modalities have been proposed to solve the limitations of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, antiangiogenic therapy, and other immunotherapies. The corresponding clinical trials provide valuable estimates of treatment effects. Notably, several combination options significantly improve the response and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. This review provides a PD-1/PD-L1 clinical trial landscape survey in breast cancer to guide the development of more effective and less toxic combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zheng
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujing He
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiujing He,
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Ou SL, Luo J, Wei H, Qin XL, Du SY, Wang S, Jiang Q. Safety and Efficacy of Programmed Cell Death 1 and Programmed Death Ligand-1 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Cancer: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953761. [PMID: 35911744 PMCID: PMC9326177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An influx of systematic reviews (SRs) of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment with or without meta-analysis and with different methodological quality and inconsistent results have been published, confusing clinical decision making. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate and summarize the current evidence of PD-(L)1 inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. Methods A comprehensive search of SRs, which included meta-analyses of PD-(L)1 inhibitors on cancer, was performed on eight databases with a cutoff date of 1 January 2022. Two authors independently identified SRs, extracted data, assessed the report quality according to the guidance of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, evaluated the methodological quality by the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2), and appraised the quality of evidence by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Results A total of 172 SRs with meta-analysis met the inclusion criteria. The report quality of included SRs was quite good, with 128 (74.42%) SRs of high quality and 44 (25.58%) of moderate quality. The methodological quality was alarming, as only one (0.58%) SR had high quality, five (2.91%) SRs had low quality, and the other 166 (96.51%) SRs had critically low quality. For GRADE, 38 (3.77%) outcomes had high-quality evidence, 288 (28.57%) moderate, 545 (54.07%) low, and 137 (13.59%) critically low-quality evidence. Current evidence indicated that treatment with PD-(L)1 inhibitors were significantly effective in non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma, breast cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with PD-L1 expression level≥1%, whereas the evidence in gastroesophageal and colorectal tumors is still controversial. Monotherapy with PD-(L)1 inhibitors was associated with a lower frequency of any grade and high-grade adverse events (AEs). The incidence of any grade and high-grade AEs caused by PD-(L)1 inhibitors in combination with other therapies was no lower than the controls. However, PD-(L)1 inhibitors were associated with a higher frequency of any grade and high-grade immune-related AEs. Conclusions PD-(L)1 inhibitors appeared to be effective and safe for cancer treatment, except for gastrointestinal tumors; however, the quality of the evidence is not convincing. Future studies should improve methodological quality and focus on the sequential trial analysis of subgroups and safety. Systematic Review Registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42020194260.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Long Ou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Dujiangyan People’s Hospital, Dujiangyan Medical Center, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Su-Ya Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Jiang,
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Shen DD, Bi YP, Pang JR, Zhao LJ, Zhao LF, Gao Y, Wang B, Liu HM, Liu Y, Wang N, Zheng YC, Liu HM. Generation, secretion and degradation of cancer immunotherapy target PD-L1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:413. [PMID: 35819633 PMCID: PMC11073444 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly developing and effective method for the treatment of a variety of malignancies in recent years. As a significant immune checkpoint, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) play the most significant role in cancer immune escape and cancer immunotherapy. Though PD-L1 have become an important target for drug development and there have been various approved drugs and clinic trials targeting it, and various clinical response rate and adverse reactions prevent many patients from benefiting from it. In recent years, combination trials have become the main direction of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies development. Here, we summarized PD-L1 biofunctions and key roles in various cancers along with the development of PD-L1 inhibitors. The regulators that are involved in controlling PD-L1 expression including post-translational modification, mRNA level regulation as well as degradation and exosome secretory pathway of PD-L1 were focused. This systematic summary may provide comprehensive understanding of different regulations on PD-L1 as well as a broad prospect for the search of the important regulator of PD-L1. The regulatory factors of PD-L1 can be potential targets for immunotherapy and increase strategies of immunotherapy in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Ping Bi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jing-Ru Pang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Long-Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Neumeister P, Schulz E, Pansy K, Szmyra M, Deutsch AJA. Targeting the Microenvironment for Treating Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147627. [PMID: 35886976 PMCID: PMC9317002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant, incurable disease characterized by the expansion of monoclonal terminally differentiated plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM is consistently preceded by an asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and in the absence of myeloma defining events followed by a stage termed smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), which finally progresses to active myeloma if signs of organ damage are present. The reciprocal interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development of MM and the establishment of a tumor-promoting stroma facilitates tumor growth and myeloma progression. Since myeloma cells depend on signals from the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) for their survival, therapeutic interventions targeting the BMME are a novel and successful strategy for myeloma care. Here, we describe the complex interplay between myeloma cells and the cellular components of the BMME that is essential for MM development and progression. Finally, we present BMME modifying treatment options such as anti-CD38 based therapies, immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), CAR T-cell therapies, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates which have significantly improved the long-term outcome of myeloma patients, and thus represent novel therapeutic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Neumeister
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.S.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (A.J.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduard Schulz
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.S.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (A.J.D.)
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katrin Pansy
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.S.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (A.J.D.)
| | - Marta Szmyra
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.S.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (A.J.D.)
| | - Alexander JA Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.S.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (A.J.D.)
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Jia H, Xie X, Wang L, Wang L, Che F. IFN- γ induces PD-L1 through p38/JNK/ERK signaling pathways and counteracts the tumor promoting effect mediated by PD-L1 in Glioblastoma. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:5492602. [PMID: 35814563 PMCID: PMC9259257 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5492602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary glioma. Conventional treatment methods that include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have a limited curative effect on the tumor. With the deepening of molecular biology research, molecular targeted therapy has opened a new era of tumor therapy. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been proved to play a pivotal role in the tumor immune evasion process. Previous studies have confirmed the specific expression of PD-L1 in glioblastoma tissues and cells, but there are few studies on inflammation regulating PD-L1 in glioblastoma. In this study, real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and western blot were applied to detect PD-L1 in glioblastoma cells. Short hairpin RNA was used to knock down PD-L1 in glioblastoma cells. Cell counting kit-8 experiment and wound-healing assay were used to detect the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells. Here we demonstrated that PD-L1 was overexpressed in glioblastoma cells, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) induces PD-L1 in glioblastoma cells via activating p38/JNK/ERK signaling pathways. To summarize, PD-L1 promotes the occurrence and development of glioblastoma. IFN-γ counteracts the tumor-promoting effects mediated by PD-L1 in glioblastoma. IFN-γ regulates PD-L1 through multiple signaling pathways, but the total effect of IFN-γ-mediated inflammatory signals still need to be further explored in glioblastoma. PD-L1 enhances the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells by regulating CDK4, CDK6, MMP-2, and vimentin molecules. Most importantly, targeting PD-L1 can be applied in the treatment of glioblastoma. We speculate that IFN-γ may affect glioblastoma through other pathways, and we will continue to further explore the mechanisms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafang Jia
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Long Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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Zhang Z, Bu L, Luo J, Guo J. Targeting protein kinases benefits cancer immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188738. [PMID: 35660645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule kinase inhibitors have been well established and successfully developed in the last decades for cancer target therapies. However, intrinsic or acquired drug resistance is becoming the major barrier for their clinical application. With the development of immunotherapies, in particular the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the combination of ICIs with other therapies have recently been extensively explored, among which combination of ICIs with kinase inhibitors achieves promising clinical outcome in a plethora of cancer types. Here we comprehensively summarize the potent roles of protein kinases in modulating immune checkpoints both in tumor and immune cells, and reshaping tumor immune microenvironments by evoking innate immune response and neoantigen generation or presentation. Moreover, the clinical trial and approval of combined administration of kinase inhibitors with ICIs are collected, highlighting the precise strategies to benefit cancer immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lang Bu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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Huang J, Wang X, Li B, Shen S, Wang R, Tao H, Hu J, Yu J, Jiang H, Chen K, Luo C, Dang Y, Zhang Y. L-5-hydroxytryptophan promotes antitumor immunity by inhibiting PD-L1 inducible expression. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003957. [PMID: 35728870 PMCID: PMC9214382 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repression or downregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) can release its inhibition of T cells and activate antitumor immune responses. Although PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies are promising treatments for diverse tumor types, their inherent disadvantages and immune-related adverse events remain significant issues. The development of small molecule inhibitors targeting the interaction surface of PD-1 and PD-L1 has been reviving, yet many challenges remain. To address these issues, we aimed to find small molecules with durable efficacy and favorable biosafety that alter PD-L1 surface expression and can be developed into a promising alternative and complementary therapy for existing anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. METHODS Cell-based screen of 200 metabolic molecules using a high-throughput flow cytometry assay of PD-L1 surface expression was conducted, and L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) was found to suppress PD-L1 expression induced by interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Inhibition of PD-L1 induction and antitumor effect of L-5-HTP were evaluated in two syngeneic mouse tumor models. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate the change in the tumor microenvironment caused by L-5-HTP treatment. RESULTS We discovered that L-5-HTP suppressed IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in tumor cells transcriptionally, and this effect was directly due to itself. Mechanistically, L-5-HTP inhibited IFN-γ-induced expression of RTK ligands and thus suppressed phosphorylation-mediated activation of RTK receptors and the downstream MEK/ERK/c-JUN signaling cascade, leading to decreased PD-L1 induction. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, treatment with 100 mg/kg L-5-HTP (intraperitoneal) inhibited PD-L1 expression and exhibited antitumor effect. L-5-HTP upregulated the ratio of granzyme B+ CD8+ activated cytotoxic T cells. An intact immune system and PD-L1 expression was critical for L-5-HTP to exert its antitumor effects. Furthermore, L-5-HTP acted synergistically with PD-1 antibody to improve anticancer effect. CONCLUSION Our study illustrated L-5-HTP's inhibitory effect on PD-L1 induction stimulated by IFN-γ in tumor cells and also provided insight into repurposing L-5-HTP for use in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Li
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Shen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongru Tao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Junchi Hu
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China .,Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms Driving the Capsaicin-Induced Immunomodulatory Effects on PD-L1 Expression in Bladder and Renal Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112644. [PMID: 35681623 PMCID: PMC9179445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over time, capsaicin (CPS) has been considered both a potential anti-cancer and pro-cancer molecule. Hence, the diversity of CPS functioning has already been established. Now, exploration of its application with immunotherapies might open up a new avenue in cancer therapy. Herein, the application of CPS as an immunoadjuvant to overcome the tumor’s immune-escaping mechanisms or to increase immune checkpoint therapy has been approached. In bladder cancer, the interaction of CPS with its receptor TRPV1 increases PD-L1 expression, promoting a tumorigenic effect and also providing a target for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. On the contrary, in renal cell carcinoma, CPS downregulates PD-L1 expression in a TRPV1-independent manner, suggesting a potential application of CPS as an immune-adjuvant in this type of cancer. Abstract The blockade of the PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint has promising efficacy in cancer treatment. However, few patients with bladder cancer (BC) or renal cell carcinoma (RCC) respond to this approach. Thus, it is important to implement a strategy to stimulate the immune anti-tumor response. In this scenario, our study evaluated the effects of a low capsaicin (CPS) dose in BC and RCC cell lines. Western blot, qRT-PCR and confocal microscopy were used to assess PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression. Alterations to the cellular oxidative status and changes to the antioxidant NME4 levels, mRNA modulation of cytokines, growth factors, transcriptional factors and oncogene, and the activation of Stat1/Stat3 pathways were examined using Western blot, cytofluorimetry and qRT-PCR profiling assays. In BC, CPS triggers an altered stress oxidative-mediated DNA double-strand break response and increases the PD-L1 expression. On the contrary, in RCC, CPS, by stimulating an efficient DNA damage repair response, thus triggering protein carbonylation, reduces the PD-L1 expression. Overall, our results show that CPS mediates a multi-faceted approach. In modulating PD-L1 expression, there is a rationale for CPS exploitation as a stimulus that increases BC cells’ response to immunotherapy or as an immune adjuvant to improve the efficacy of the conventional therapy in RCC patients.
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Wang QS, Shi QQ, Meng Y, Chen MP, Hou J. Identification of Immune-Related Genes for Risk Stratification in Multiple Myeloma Based on Whole Bone Marrow Gene Expression Profiling. Front Genet 2022; 13:897886. [PMID: 35692836 PMCID: PMC9178200 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.897886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by abnormal proliferation of bone marrow clonal plasma cells. Tumor immunotherapy, a new therapy that has emerged in recent years, offers hope to patients, and studying the expression characteristics of immune-related genes (IRGs) based on whole bone marrow gene expression profiling (GEP) in MM patients can help guide personalized immunotherapy.Methods: In this study, we explored the potential prognostic value of IRGs in MM by combining GEP and clinical data from the GEO database. We identified hub IRGs and transcription factors (TFs) associated with disease progression by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and modeled immune-related prognostic signature by univariate and multivariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Subsequently, the prognostic ability of signature was verified by multiple statistical methods. Moreover, ssGSEA and GSEA algorithm reveled different immunological characteristics and biological function variation in different risk groups. We mapped the hub IRGs by protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and extracted the top 10 ranked genes. Finally, we conducted vitro assays on two alternative IRGs.Results: Our study identified a total of 14 TFs and 88 IRGs associated with International Staging System (ISS). Ten IRGs were identified by Cox -LASSO regression analysis, and used to develop optimal prognostic signature for overall survival (OS) in MM patients. The 10-IRGs were BDNF, CETP, CD70, LMBR, LTBP1, NENF, NR1D1, NR1H2, PTK2B and SEMA4. In different groups, risk signatures showed excellent survival prediction ability, and MM patients also could be stratified at survival risk. In addition, IRF7 and SHC1 were hub IRGs in PPI network, and the vitro assays proved that they could promote tumor progression. Notably, ssGSEA and GSEA results confirmed that different risk groups could accurately indicate the status of tumor microenvironment (TME) and activation of biological pathways.Conclusion: Our study suggested that immune-related signature could be used as prognostic markers in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Sheng Wang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qi-Qin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Meng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Hou,
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Cao P, Wang H, Liu H, Hua L, Xue H, Fu R. Tumor-associated macrophages regulate the function of cytotoxic T lymphocyte through PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in multiple myeloma. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4838-4848. [PMID: 35593325 PMCID: PMC9761071 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are originated from circulating mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. They result from the recruitment of tumor cells and are a vital constituent of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs may be involved in the immunological escape of vicious clonal plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM) of sufferers with myeloma. METHODS From March 2020 to January 2021, 28 healthy controls (HC) and 86 multiple myeloma (MM) (53 newly diagnosed MM [NDMM] and 33 remissions) patients were enrolled as objects of the study. The expression of TAMs in the BM, CSF1 on CD138 + cells, and CSF1R on macrophages were detected by the method of flow cytometry, and the expression of PD-1 on CD8 + T cells and PD-L1 on TAMs were also done. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) were extracted and cultured into TAMs, CD8 + T cells were sorted by magnetic beads and cultured, a coculture system was established and different inhibitors were added. The expression of the perforin and granzyme B was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS The percentage of TAMs in NDMM group (61.49 ± 2.176%) increased when compared with remission (23.08 ± 1.699%, p < 0.001) and HC group (17.95 ± 1.865%, p < 0.001), and TAMs decreased after adding CSF1R inhibitor. Moreover, the expression of CSF1 on CD138 + cells increased significantly in NDMM group (17.090 ± 0.9156%) than remission (8.214 ± 0.5911% p < 0.001), and HC group (5.257 ± 0.6231%, p < 0.001), and CSF1R on macrophages increased significantly in NDMM group (58.78 ± 2.286%) than remission (20.74 ± 1.376%, p < 0.001) and HC group (17.42 ± 1.081%, p < 0.001). The expression of PD-1 on CD8 + T cells in NDMM group (32.64 ± 2.982%) increased than remission (20.35 ± 2.335% p < 0.01) and HC group (17.53 ± 1.349%, p < 0.001), and PD-L1 on TAMs also increased in NDMM group (50.92 ± 2.554%) than remission (20.02 ± 1.893%, p < 0.001) and HC group (13.08 ± 1.289%, p < 0.001). When CD8 + T cells were cocultured with TAMs, the perforin and granzyme B levels decreased significantly. However, the perforin and granzyme B levels were partly restored after adding CSF1R inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibody. CONCLUSION Our study shows that TAMs were increased in MM patients which can inhibit the function of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) through the PD-1/ PD-L1 signaling pathway and participate in the occurrence of immune escape of myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Zhang
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinPeople's Republic of China,Department of HematologyHebei University Affiliated HospitalBaodingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinPeople's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Cao
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinPeople's Republic of China
| | - Luoming Hua
- Department of HematologyHebei University Affiliated HospitalBaodingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hua Xue
- Department of HematologyHebei University Affiliated HospitalBaodingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of HematologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinPeople's Republic of China
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