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Chiorean AD, Bâlici Ş, Nicula GZ, Vică ML, Nechita VI, Loga LII, Bordea MA, Simon LM, Matei HV. Are single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-2 gene biomarkers for Hashimoto's thyroiditis? Med Pharm Rep 2024; 97:178-183. [PMID: 38746024 PMCID: PMC11090275 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder that can lead to hypothyroidism. The pathophysiology of HT involves the production of antithyroid antibodies that attack the thyroid tissue, causing inflammation and progressive fibrosis. Recent studies demonstrated a strong correlation between Interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and the development of autoimmune diseases, suggesting that this cytokine may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HT. Methods In this study, we determined the presence of the point mutation +114T/G in the IL-2 gene in patients with HT compared with a control group, and also the serum level of anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPOAbs) and anti-thyroglobulin (TgAbs) antibodies in HT patients with vs. without the mutation. The sequences of the IL-2 gene obtained from subjects were determined by the Sanger sequencing method. Results Our study did not reveal that the +114T/G polymorphism of the IL-2 gene is a susceptibility or protective factor for HT. No significant correlations were observed between the reference genotype, hetero- and homozygous +114T/G polymorphism and TPOAbs, respectively TgAbs serum levels in HT patients. Conclusions Further studies of more cases are needed to identify more polymorphisms in the IL-2 gene and study their correlations with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin-Dan Chiorean
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ştefana Bâlici
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Zsolt Nicula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Laura Vică
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Legal Medicine Institute Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Ionuţ Nechita
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Mădălina Adriana Bordea
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura-Mihaela Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horea Vladi Matei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Legal Medicine Institute Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lymphoma-Associated Biomarkers Are Increased in Current Smokers in Twin Pairs Discordant for Smoking. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215395. [PMID: 34771561 PMCID: PMC8582438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Smoking is associated with a moderate increased risk of Hodgkin and follicular lymphoma. To help understand why, we examined lymphoma-related biomarker levels among 134 smoking and non-smoking twins (67 pairs) ascertained from the Finnish Twin Cohort. We validated self-reported smoking history by measuring serum cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, from previously collected frozen serum samples. In total, 27 immune biomarkers were assayed using the Luminex Multiplex platform (R & D Systems). We found that four immune response biomarkers were higher and one was lower among smoking compared to non-smoking twins. The strongest association was observed for CCL17/TARC, a biomarker elevated in Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Immune biomarker levels were similar in former smokers and non-smokers. Current smoking may increase levels of immune proteins that could partially explain the association between smoking and risk of certain lymphomas. Abstract Smoking is associated with a moderate increased risk of Hodgkin and follicular lymphoma. To understand why, we examined lymphoma-related biomarker levels among 134 smoking and non-smoking twins (67 pairs) ascertained from the Finnish Twin Cohort. Previously collected frozen serum samples were tested for cotinine to validate self-reported smoking history. In total, 27 immune biomarkers were assayed using the Luminex Multiplex platform (R & D Systems). Current and non-current smokers were defined by a serum cotinine concentration of >3.08 ng/mL and ≤3.08 ng/mL, respectively. Associations between biomarkers and smoking were assessed using linear mixed models to estimate beta coefficients and standard errors, adjusting for age, sex and twin pair as a random effect. There were 55 never smokers, 43 current smokers and 36 former smokers. CCL17/TARC, sgp130, haptoglobin, B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with current smoking and correlated with increasing cotinine concentrations (Ptrend < 0.05). The strongest association was observed for CCL17/TARC (Ptrend = 0.0001). Immune biomarker levels were similar in former and never smokers. Current smoking is associated with increased levels of lymphoma-associated biomarkers, suggesting a possible mechanism for the link between smoking and risk of these two B-cell lymphomas.
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Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B cell lymphoma characterized by few malignant cells and numerous immune effector cells in the tumour microenvironment. The incidence of HL is highest in adolescents and young adults, although HL can affect elderly individuals. Diagnosis is based on histological and immunohistochemical analyses of tissue from a lymph node biopsy; the tissue morphology and antigen expression profile enable classification into one of the four types of classic HL (nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-depleted or lymphocyte-rich HL), which account for the majority of cases, or nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL. Although uncommon, HL remains a crucial test case for progress in cancer treatment. HL was among the first systemic neoplasms shown to be curable with radiation therapy and multiagent chemotherapy. The goal of multimodality therapy is to minimize lifelong residual treatment-associated toxicity while maintaining high levels of effectiveness. Recurrent or refractory disease can be effectively treated or cured with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and prospective trials have demonstrated the potency of immunotherapeutic approaches with antibody-drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitors. This Primer explores the wealth of information that has been assembled to understand HL; these updated observations verify that HL investigation and treatment remain at the leading edge of oncological research.
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Hwang AE, Marshall V, Conti DV, Nathwani BN, Mack TM, Whitby D, Cozen W. Epstein-Barr virus load is higher in long-term Hodgkin lymphoma survivors compared to their unaffected twins and unrelated controls. Br J Haematol 2019; 185:377-380. [PMID: 30117152 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amie E Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vickie Marshall
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wang J, Van Den Berg D, Hwang AE, Weisenberger D, Triche T, Nathwani BN, Conti DV, Siegmund K, Mack TM, Horvath S, Cozen W. DNA methylation patterns of adult survivors of adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma compared to their unaffected monozygotic twin. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:1429-1437. [PMID: 30668190 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1533128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) silences gene expression and may play a role in immune dysregulation that is characteristic of adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (AYAHL). We used the Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip to quantify DNAm in blood (N = 9 pairs, mean age 57.4 y) or saliva (N = 36 pairs, mean age 50.0 y) from long-term AYAHL survivors and their unaffected co-twins. Epigenetic aging (DNAm age) was calculated using previously described methods and compared between survivors and co-twins using paired t-tests and analyses were stratified by sample type, histology, sex, age at sample collection and time since diagnosis. Differences in blood DNAm age were observed between survivors and unaffected co-twins (64.1 vs. 61.3 years, respectively, p = .04), especially in females (p = .01); no differences in saliva DNAm age were observed. Survivors and co-twins had 74 (in blood DNA) and 6 (in saliva DNA) differentially methylated loci. Our results suggest persistent epigenetic aging in AYAHL survivors long after HL cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Amie E Hwang
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Daniel Weisenberger
- b Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Timothy Triche
- c Department of Translational Genomics , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,d Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , MI , USA
| | - Bharat N Nathwani
- e Department of Pathology , City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - David V Conti
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Kim Siegmund
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Thomas M Mack
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,f Department of Pathology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- g Department of Biostatistics , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,f Department of Pathology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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Nagpal P, Akl MR, Ayoub NM, Tomiyama T, Cousins T, Tai B, Carroll N, Nyrenda T, Bhattacharyya P, Harris MB, Goy A, Pecora A, Suh KS. Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: biomarkers, drugs, and clinical trials for translational science and medicine. Oncotarget 2016; 7:67551-67573. [PMID: 27563824 PMCID: PMC5341896 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid malignancy that is typically derived from germinal-center B cells. EBV infection, mutations in NF-κB pathway genes, and genetic susceptibility are known risk factors for developing HL. CD30 and NF-κB have been identified as potential biomarkers in pediatric HL patients, and these molecules may represent therapeutic targets. Although current risk adapted and response based treatment approaches yield overall survival rates of >95%, treatment of relapse or refractory patients remains challenging. Targeted HL therapy with the antibody-drug conjugate Brentuximab vedotin (Bv) has proven to be superior to conventional salvage chemotherapy and clinical trials are being conducted to incorporate Bv into frontline therapy that substitutes Bv for alkylating agents to minimize secondary malignancies. The appearance of secondary malignancies has been a concern in pediatric HL, as these patients are at highest risk among all childhood cancer survivors. The risk of developing secondary leukemia following childhood HL treatment is 10.4 to 174.8 times greater than the risk in the general pediatric population and the prognosis is significantly poorer than the other hematological malignancies with a mortality rate of nearly 100%. Therefore, identifying clinically valuable biomarkers is of utmost importance to stratify and select patients who may or may not need intensive regimens to maintain optimal balance between maximal survival rates and averting late effects. Here we discuss epidemiology, risk factors, staging, molecular and genetic prognostic biomarkers, treatment for low and high-risk patients, and the late occurrence of secondary malignancies in pediatric HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Nagpal
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Mohamed R. Akl
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Nehad M. Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tatsunari Tomiyama
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Tasheka Cousins
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Betty Tai
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Nicole Carroll
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Themba Nyrenda
- Department of Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michael B. Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andre Goy
- Clinical Divisions, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Pecora
- Clinical Divisions, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - K. Stephen Suh
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
- Department of Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
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Epstein MM, Chang ET, Zhang Y, Fung TT, Batista JL, Ambinder RF, Zheng T, Mueller NE, Birmann BM. Dietary pattern and risk of hodgkin lymphoma in a population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 182:405-16. [PMID: 26182945 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has few known modifiable risk factors, and the relationship between diet and cHL risk is unclear. We performed the first investigation of an association between dietary pattern and cHL risk in 435 cHL cases and 563 population-based controls from Massachusetts and Connecticut (1997-2000) who completed baseline diet questionnaires. We identified 4 major dietary patterns ("vegetable," "high meat," "fruit/low-fat dairy," "desserts/sweets") using principal components analysis. We computed multivariable odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations of dietary pattern score (quartiles) with younger-adult (age <50 years), older-adult (age ≥50 years), and overall cHL risk. Secondary analyses examined associations by histological subtype and tumor Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status. A diet high in desserts/sweets was associated with younger-adult (odds ratio(quartile 4 vs. quartile 1) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 2.45; Ptrend = 0.008) and EBV-negative, younger-adult (odds ratio = 2.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.31, 3.41; Ptrend = 0.007) cHL risk. A high meat diet was associated with older-adult (odds ratio = 3.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 10.91; Ptrend = 0.04) and EBV-negative, older-adult (odds ratio = 4.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 20.86; Ptrend = 0.04) cHL risk. Other dietary patterns were not clearly associated with cHL. We report the first evidence for a role of dietary pattern in cHL etiology. Diets featuring high intake of meat or desserts and sweets may increase cHL risk.
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Mack TM, Norman JE, Rappaport E, Cozen W. Childhood determination of Hodgkin lymphoma among U.S. servicemen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1707-15. [PMID: 26324069 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hodgkin lymphoma in young adults is inexplicably linked to economic development. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study of the 656 servicemen with Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed between ages 17 to 32 while on active duty in the U.S. military during 1950-68. Controls, chosen randomly from the servicemen on duty at the time, were matched on service, birth year, and induction date. Information came from preinduction records and military records for the period ending at onset or the equivalent date. RESULTS Risk was independently increased with small sib-ship size [OR, 2.3; confidence interval (CI), 1.6-3.5], low birth order (OR, 1.9; CI, 1.4-2.6), and an interval of at least 5 years between birth and that of a previous or subsequent sibling (OR, 2.1; CI, 1.5-3.1). Other factors independently and significantly associated with elevated risk of Hodgkin lymphoma were: tallness, high body mass index, more education (but not higher income) in the county of birth, BB or AB blood type, and past infectious mononucleosis (but a deficit of other childhood viral infections). Early fatherhood conveyed high risk (OR, 2.6; CI, 1.4-4.8), especially if with a high-risk sibling configuration. Factors unrelated to risk included personal education, preinduction or military occupation, induction test score, and rank. Findings were similar for nodular sclerosis and mixed cell histologic subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Protection from the environment in childhood, but not in adulthood, increases the likelihood of young adult Hodgkin lymphoma, which may result from nonspecific isolation from early infections and/or exposure to late infection by a specific but unidentified ubiquitous childhood virus. IMPACT Events in childhood protect against later Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - James E Norman
- Medical Follow-up Agency (Retired), National Research Council, Washington, DC
| | - Edward Rappaport
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Nielsen KR, Steffensen R, Haunstrup TM, Bødker JS, Dybkær K, Baech J, Bøgsted M, Johnsen HE. Inherited variation in immune response genes in follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:3257-66. [PMID: 26044172 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1058936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) both depend on immune-mediated survival and proliferation signals from the tumor microenvironment. Inherited genetic variation influences this complex interaction. A total of 89 studies investigating immune-response genes in DLBCL and FL were critically reviewed. Relatively consistent association exists for variation in the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) and interleukin-10 loci and DLBCL risk; for DLBCL outcome association with the TNFA locus exists. Variations at chromosome 6p31-32 were associated with FL risk. Importantly, individual risk alleles have been shown to interact with each other. We suggest that the pathogenetic impact of polymorphic genes should include gene-gene interaction analysis and should be validated in preclinical model systems of normal B lymphopoiesis and B-cell malignancies. In the future, large cohort studies of interactions and genome-wide association studies are needed to extend the present findings and explore new risk alleles to be studied in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- a Department of Clinical Immunology , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
| | | | | | - Karen Dybkær
- b Department of Haematology , Aalborg University Hospital.,c Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine , Aalborg University , Denmark
| | - John Baech
- a Department of Clinical Immunology , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Martin Bøgsted
- b Department of Haematology , Aalborg University Hospital.,c Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine , Aalborg University , Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Johnsen
- b Department of Haematology , Aalborg University Hospital.,c Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine , Aalborg University , Denmark
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Kushekhar K, van den Berg A, Nolte I, Hepkema B, Visser L, Diepstra A. Genetic associations in classical hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and insights into susceptibility mechanisms. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2737-47. [PMID: 25205514 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both targeted and genome-wide studies have revealed genetic associations for susceptibility, prognosis, and treatment-induced secondary malignancies and toxicities in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). This review gives a systematic and comprehensive overview of significant associations and places them into a biologic context. The strongest susceptibility polymorphisms have been found for the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. These associations are specific for cHL overall or for subgroups based on tumor cell Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status. These findings strongly suggest that EBV-specific immune responses influence cHL susceptibility in EBV(+) cHL and that immune responses targeting other tumor-associated antigens are important in EBV(-) cHL. Accordingly, most of the numerous other susceptibility loci map to genes that affect functionality of the immune system, underscoring the crucial role of the immune system in cHL development. The number of association studies on cHL prognosis is limited with one consistent association for the drug-metabolizing UGT1A1 gene. PRDM1 is associated with radiation-induced secondary malignancies and a small number of genes are associated with treatment-related toxicities. In conclusion, most loci showing genetic associations in cHL harbor genes with a potential functional relevance for cHL susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushi Kushekhar
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bouke Hepkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Cozen W, Yu G, Gail MH, Ridaura VK, Nathwani BN, Hwang AE, Hamilton AS, Mack TM, Gordon JI, Goedert JJ. Fecal microbiota diversity in survivors of adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma: a study of twins. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1163-7. [PMID: 23443674 PMCID: PMC3619077 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (AYAHL) survivors report fewer exposures to infections during childhood compared with controls, and they have functional lymphocyte aberrations. The gut microbiota plays a central role in immunity. METHODS We investigated whether fecal microbial diversity differed between 13 AYAHL survivors and their unaffected co-twin controls. Pyrosequencing of fecal bacterial 16S rRNA amplicons yielded 252 943 edited reads that were assigned to species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and standardised for sequencing depth by random sampling. Microbial diversity was compared within vs between twin pairs and by case-control status. RESULTS The number of unique OTUs was more similar within twin pairs compared with randomly paired participants (P=0.0004). The AYAHL cases had fewer unique OTUs compared with their co-twin controls (338 vs 369, P=0.015); this difference was not significant (169 vs 183, P=0.10) when restricted to abundant OTUs. CONCLUSION In this small study, AYAHL survivors appear to have a deficit of rare gut microbes. Further work is needed to determine if reduced microbial diversity is a consequence of the disease, its treatment, or a particularly hygienic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
| | - G Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Room 7068, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - M H Gail
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Room 7068, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - V K Ridaura
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - B N Nathwani
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - A E Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
| | - A S Hamilton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
| | - T M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
| | - J I Gordon
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - J J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Room 7068, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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The USC Adult Twin Cohorts: International Twin Study and California Twin Program. Twin Res Hum Genet 2012; 16:366-70. [PMID: 23218448 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2012.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study of twin subjects permits the documentation of crude heritability and may promote the identification of specific causal alleles. We believe that at the current time, the chief research advantage of twins as subjects, especially monozygotic twins, is that the commonality of their genetic and cultural identity simplifies the interpretation of biological associations. In order to study genetic and environmental determinants of cancer and chronic diseases, we developed two twin registries, maintained at the University of Southern California: The International Twin Study (ITS) and the California Twin Program (CTP). The ITS is a volunteer registry of twins with cancer and chronic disease consisting of 17,245 twin pairs affected by cancer and chronic disease, respectively, ascertained by advertising in periodicals from 1980-1991. The CTP is a population-based registry of California-born twin pairs ascertained by linking the California birth records to the State Department of Motor Vehicles. Over 51,000 individual California twins representing 36,965 pairs completed and returned 16-page questionnaires. Cancer diagnoses in the California twins are updated by regular linkage to the California Cancer Registry. Over 5,000 cancer patients are represented in the CTP. Twins from both registries have participated extensively in studies of breast cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus type 1, mammographic density, smoking, and other traits and conditions.
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Song N, Han S, Lee KM, Choi JY, Park SK, Jeon S, Lee Y, Ahn HS, Shin HY, Kang HJ, Koo HH, Seo JJ, Choi JE, Kang D. Genetic variants in interleukin-2 and risk of lymphoma among children in Korea. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:621-3. [PMID: 22524835 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.2.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To estimate the genetic susceptibility for childhood lymphoma, we conducted an association study for 23 cases and 148 controls. Total 1536 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected in 138 candidate gene regions related to immune responses, apoptosis, the cell cycle, and DNA repair. Twelve SNPs were significantly associated with the risk of lymphoma (P(trend)<0.05) in six genes (IL1RN, IL2, IL12RB1, JAK3, TNFRSF13B, and XRCC3). The most significant association was seen for IL2 variant rs2069762 (OR(TG+GG) vs. TT=3.43 (1.29-9.11), P(trend)=0.002, minP=0.005). These findings suggest that common genetic variants in IL2 might play a role in the pathogenesis of childhood lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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15
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An IL12-IL2-antibody fusion protein targeting Hodgkin's lymphoma cells potentiates activation of NK and T cells for an anti-tumor attack. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44482. [PMID: 23028547 PMCID: PMC3445545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful immunotherapy of Hodgkin's disease is so far hampered by the striking unresponsiveness of lymphoma infiltrating immune cells. To mobilize both adoptive and innate immune cells for an anti-tumor attack we fused the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL2 and IL12 to an anti-CD30 scFv antibody in a dual cytokine fusion protein to accumulate both cytokines at the malignant CD30+ Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymphoma lesion. The tumor-targeted IL12-IL2 fusion protein was superior in activating resting T cells to amplify and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to targeted IL2 or IL12 alone. NK cells were also activated by the dual cytokine protein to secrete IFN-γ and to lyse target cells. The tumor-targeted IL12-IL2, when applied by i.v. injection to immune-competent mice with established antigen-positive tumors, accumulated at the tumor site and induced tumor regression. Data demonstrate that simultaneous targeting of two cytokines in a spatial and temporal simultaneous fashion to pre-defined tissues is feasible by a dual-cytokine antibody fusion protein. In the case of IL12 and IL2, this produced superior anti-tumor efficacy implying the strategy to muster a broader immune cell response in the combat against cancer.
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16
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Zhou L, Yao F, Luan H, Wang Y, Dong X, Zhou W, Wang Q. Functional polymorphisms in the interleukin-12 gene contribute to cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis of 18 case-control studies. Gene 2012; 510:71-7. [PMID: 22940148 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has shown that interleukin-12 (IL-12) has some effectiveness against endogenously arising carcinogenesis. Several potentially functional polymorphisms of IL-12 gene have been implicated in cancer risk, but individually published studies showed inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between IL-12 polymorphisms and cancer risk. METHODS The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of science and CBM databases were searched for all articles published up to June 10, 2012 that addressed IL-12 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.1.6 and STATA 12.0 softwares. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included with a total of 6463 cancer cases and 7412 healthy controls. We found that the 3'UTR A>C (rs3212227) polymorphism of IL-12B gene was associated with significantly increased overall risk of cancers using random effects model (C vs A: odds ratio [OR]=1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.27; AC+CC vs AA: OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.01-1.43). However, the 3'UTR G>A (rs568408), IVS2 T>A (rs582054) and 5'UTR T>G (rs2243115) polymorphisms of IL-12A gene did not appear to have an influence on cancer susceptibility. Further subgroup analyses showed that the 3'UTR A>C (rs3212227) polymorphism was associated with increased cancer risks in the subgroups of Asians, cervical and nasopharyngeal cancers. CONCLUSIONS Results from the current meta-analysis indicates that the 3'UTR A>C (rs3212227) polymorphism of IL-12B gene might be a potential biomarker for cancer risk among Asians, especially for cervical and nasopharyngeal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
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17
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A genome-wide meta-analysis of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma identifies risk loci at 6p21.32. Blood 2011; 119:469-75. [PMID: 22086417 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-343921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma (NSHL) is a distinct, highly heritable Hodgkin lymphoma subtype. We undertook a genome-wide meta-analysis of 393 European-origin adolescent/young adult NSHL patients and 3315 controls using the Illumina Human610-Quad Beadchip and Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. We identified 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 6p21.32 that were significantly associated with NSHL risk: rs9268542 (P = 5.35 × 10(-10)), rs204999 (P = 1.44 × 10(-9)), and rs2858870 (P = 1.69 × 10(-8)). We also confirmed a previously reported association in the same region, rs6903608 (P = 3.52 × 10(-10)). rs204999 and rs2858870 were weakly correlated (r(2) = 0.257), and the remaining pairs of SNPs were not correlated (r(2) < 0.1). In an independent set of 113 NSHL cases and 214 controls, 2 SNPs were significantly associated with NSHL and a third showed a comparable odds ratio (OR). These SNPs are found on 2 haplotypes associated with NSHL risk (rs204999-rs9268528-rs9268542-rs6903608-rs2858870; AGGCT, OR = 1.7, P = 1.71 × 10(-6); GAATC, OR = 0.4, P = 1.16 × 10(-4)). All individuals with the GAATC haplotype also carried the HLA class II DRB1*0701 allele. In a separate analysis, the DRB1*0701 allele was associated with a decreased risk of NSHL (OR = 0.5, 95% confidence interval = 0.4, 0.7). These data support the importance of the HLA class II region in NSHL etiology.
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18
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Mueller NE, Lennette ET, Dupnik K, Birmann BM. Antibody titers against EBNA1 and EBNA2 in relation to Hodgkin lymphoma and history of infectious mononucleosis. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:2886-91. [PMID: 21805472 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A role for Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) pathogenesis is supported by the detection of EBV genome in about one-third of HL cases, but is not well defined. We previously reported that an elevated prediagnosis antibody titer against EBV nuclear antigens (EBNA) was the strongest serologic predictor of subsequent HL. For the present analysis, we measured antibody levels against EBNA components EBNA1 and EBNA2 and computed their titer ratio (anti-EBNA1:2) in serum samples from HL cases and healthy siblings. We undertook this analysis to examine whether titer patterns atypical of well-resolved EBV infection, such as an anti-EBNA1:2 ratio ≤ 1.0, simply reflect history of infectious mononucleosis (IM), an HL risk factor, or independently predict HL risk. Participants were selected from a previous population-based case-control study according to their history of IM. We identified 55 EBV-seropositive persons with a history of IM (IM+; 33 HL cases, 22 siblings) and frequency-matched a comparison series of 173 IM history-negative, EBV-seropositive subjects on HL status, gender, age and year of blood draw (IM-; 105 cases, 58 siblings). In multivariate logistic regression models, an anti-EBNA1:2 ratio ≤ 1.0 was significantly more prevalent in HL cases than siblings (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 2.43, 1.05-5.65); similar associations were apparent within the IM+ and IM- groups. EBNA antibodies were not significantly associated with IM history in HL cases or siblings. These associations suggest that chronic or more severe EBV infection is a risk factor for HL, independent of IM history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Churpek JE, Onel K. Heritability of hematologic malignancies: from pedigrees to genomics. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2010; 24:939-72. [PMID: 20816581 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Many hematologic malignancies have an underlying heritable component. Although not as well characterized as the acquired genetic abnormalities that define important prognostic and therapeutic subgroups of myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms, investigations are beginning to unravel the role of germline genetic variation in the predisposition to hematologic malignancies. Information gained from the study of striking family pedigrees, epidemiologic data, and candidate genes are now being combined with unbiased genome-wide investigations to outline the network of genetic abnormalities that contribute to hematologic malignancy risk. This article reviews the current understanding of the heritability of hematologic malignancies in the genomics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Churpek
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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20
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Klinke DJ. A multiscale systems perspective on cancer, immunotherapy, and Interleukin-12. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:242. [PMID: 20843320 PMCID: PMC3243044 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies represent some of the most promising molecular targeted immunotherapies. However, understanding mechanisms by which tumors evade elimination by the immune system of the host presents a significant challenge for developing effective cancer immunotherapies. The interaction of cancer cells with the host is a complex process that is distributed across a variety of time and length scales. The time scales range from the dynamics of protein refolding (i.e., microseconds) to the dynamics of disease progression (i.e., years). The length scales span the farthest reaches of the human body (i.e., meters) down to the range of molecular interactions (i.e., nanometers). Limited ranges of time and length scales are used experimentally to observe and quantify changes in physiology due to cancer. Translating knowledge obtained from the limited scales observed experimentally to predict patient response is an essential prerequisite for the rational design of cancer immunotherapies that improve clinical outcomes. In studying multiscale systems, engineers use systems analysis and design to identify important components in a complex system and to test conceptual understanding of the integrated system behavior using simulation. The objective of this review is to summarize interactions between the tumor and cell-mediated immunity from a multiscale perspective. Interleukin-12 and its role in coordinating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is used illustrate the different time and length scale that underpin cancer immunoediting. An underlying theme in this review is the potential role that simulation can play in translating knowledge across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Klinke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6102, USA.
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21
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Cardoso CC, Pereira AC, Brito-de-Souza VN, Dias-Baptista IM, Maniero VC, Venturini J, Vilani-Moreno FR, de Souza FC, Ribeiro-Alves M, Sarno EN, Pacheco AG, Moraes MO. IFNG +874 T>A single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with leprosy among Brazilians. Hum Genet 2010; 128:481-90. [PMID: 20714752 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a low virulence mycobacterium, and the outcome of disease is dependent on the host genetics for either susceptibility per se or severity. The IFNG gene codes for interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a cytokine that plays a key role in host defense against intracellular pathogens. Indeed, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFNG have been evaluated in several genetic epidemiological studies, and the SNP +874T>A, the +874T allele, more specifically, has been associated with protection against infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. Here, we evaluated the association of the IFNG locus with leprosy enrolling 2,125 Brazilian subjects. First, we conducted a case-control study with subjects recruited from the state of São Paulo, using the +874 T>A (rs2430561), +2109 A>G (rs1861494) and rs2069727 SNPs. Then, a second study including 1,370 individuals from Rio de Janeiro was conducted. Results of the case-control studies have shown a protective effect for +874T carriers (OR(adjusted) = 0.75; p = 0.005 for both studies combined), which was corroborated when these studies were compared with literature data. No association was found between the SNP +874T>A and the quantitative Mitsuda response. Nevertheless, the spontaneous IFN-γ release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher among +874T carriers. The results shown here along with a previously reported meta-analysis of tuberculosis studies indicate that the SNP +874T>A plays a role in resistance to mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Cardoso
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-360, Brazil
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22
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Chan KK, Shen L, Au WY, Yuen HF, Wong KY, Guo T, Wong ML, Shimizu N, Tsuchiyama J, Kwong YL, Liang RH, Srivastava G. Interleukin-2 induces NF-kappaB activation through BCL10 and affects its subcellular localization in natural killer lymphoma cells. J Pathol 2010; 221:164-74. [PMID: 20235165 DOI: 10.1002/path.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signalling is common in cancers and is essential for tumourigenesis. Constitutive NF-kappaB activation in extranodal natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is known to be associated with aberrant nuclear translocation of BCL10. Here we investigated the mechanisms leading to NF-kappaB activation and BCL10 nuclear localization in ENKLs. Given that ENKLs are dependent on T-cell-derived interleukin-2 (IL2) for cytotoxicity and proliferation, we investigated whether IL2 modulates NF-kappaB activation and BCL10 subcellular localization in ENKLs. In the present study, IL2-activated NK lymphoma cells were found to induce NF-kappaB activation via the PI3K/Akt pathway, leading to an increase in the entry of G(2)/M phase and concomitant transcription of NF-kappaB-responsive genes. We also found that BCL10, a key mediator of NF-kappaB signalling, participates in the cytokine receptor-induced activation of NF-kappaB. Knockdown of BCL10 expression resulted in deficient NF-kappaB signalling, whereas Akt activation was unaffected. Our results suggest that BCL10 plays a role downstream of Akt in the IL2-triggered NF-kappaB signalling pathway. Moreover, the addition of IL2 to NK cells led to aberrant nuclear translocation of BCL10, which is a pathological feature of ENKLs. We further show that BCL10 can bind to BCL3, a transcriptional co-activator and nuclear protein. Up-regulation of BCL3 expression was observed in response to IL2. Similar to BCL10, the expression and nuclear translocation of BCL3 were induced by IL2 in an Akt-dependent manner. The nuclear translocation of BCL10 was also dependent on BCL3 because silencing BCL3 by RNA interference abrogated this translocation. We identified a critical role for BCL10 in the cytokine receptor-induced NF-kappaB signalling pathway, which is essential for NK cell activation. We also revealed the underlying mechanism that controls BCL10 nuclear translocation in NK cells. Our findings provide insight into a molecular network within the NF-kappaB signalling pathway that promotes the pathogenesis of NK cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Kui Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Cozen W, Hamilton AS, Zhao P, Salam MT, Deapen DM, Nathwani BN, Weiss LM, Mack TM. A protective role for early oral exposures in the etiology of young adult Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2009; 114:4014-20. [PMID: 19738032 PMCID: PMC2774542 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-209601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pattern of adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (YAHL) suggests causation by a relatively late infection with a common childhood virus, but no causal virus has been found. Susceptibility is heritable and linked to lower interleukin 12 (IL12) levels, which can also result from fewer fecal-oral microbial exposures early in life. We studied twin pairs discordant for YAHL to examine exposures capable of altering the IL12 response and T-helper type 1 (Th1)-Th2 balance. One hundred eighty-eight YAHL-discordant twin pairs from the International Twin Study returned questionnaires (70% response). Exposure history of YAHL case-twins was compared with that of their unaffected control-twins using conditional logistic regression for matched pairs to calculate odds ratios (ORs). Behaviors likely to produce oral exposure to microbes conveyed decreases in risk (univariable OR range = 0.2-0.5, P = .003-.11). Significant adjusted ORs were seen for appendectomy (OR = 4.3, P = .001), eczema (OR = 4.2, P = .025), smoking (OR = 2.2, P = .054), and relatively more frequent behaviors associated with oral exposures (OR = 0.1; P = .004). Kappa statistics for intrapair agreement were higher than 0.8 for each significant finding. Our observations support a protective role for increased early oral exposure to the microbiome, suggesting that factors associated with increased Th2 and decreased Th1 cytokines are etiologically relevant to YAHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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24
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Pistoia V, Cocco C, Airoldi I. Interleukin-12 receptor beta2: from cytokine receptor to gatekeeper gene in human B-cell malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:4809-16. [PMID: 19720917 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.21.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) -12 is a cytokine that has been extensively characterized for its immunoregulatory activities. IL-12 binds to a heterodimeric receptor composed of the beta1 and beta2 chains. In this review article, we discuss recent findings on the expression and function of IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) in malignant B cells frozen at various stages of differentiation and in their normal counterparts. These studies, together with others performed in Il12rb2 knockout mice, have established the concept that the IL-12Rbeta2 gene is a gatekeeper from cancer. We will delineate three paradigms reflecting the differential expression of IL-12Rbeta2 in different groups of malignant B cells and discuss the therapeutic perspectives stemming from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Pistoia
- Laboratory of Oncology, Department of Experimental and Laboratory Medicine, G. Gaslini Institute, 16147 Genova, Italy.
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25
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Application of Interleukin-12 Expressing Dendritic Cells for the Treatment of Animal Model of Leukemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:952-60. [DOI: 10.3181/0805-rm-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual cancer cells appearing in blood circulation reduce the effects of radiotherapy or chemotherapy in cancer patients. It has been well documented that cultured dendritic cells can be used as a powerful tool to induce immune response. In this study, we administered different manipulations of dendritic cells (DCs), including DCs pulsed with tumor cell lysate (TCL), transfected with adenoviral IL-12 vector (AdIL-12) and transfected with AdIL-12 after being pulsed with TCL, to determine whether improved DCs based immunotherapy can specifically suppress the metastasis of tumor cells. The results demonstrated that administration of engineered DCs that transfected with AdIL-12 after being pulsed with TCL to mice with leukemia had a better protective effect than that of DCs either pulsed with TCL or transfected with AdIL-12. Moreover, depletion of CD8+ cells in the engineered DCs administered leukemia mice reduced the protective effect. These results suggest that DCs modified with TCL and AdIL-12 can prolong survival time by enhancing the activity of cytotoxic T cells. Although more studies on the mechanisms are needed, cytokine genes engineered DCs provide a promising therapeutic potential on the murine model of leukemia.
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26
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Zhao B, Meng LQ, Huang HN, Pan Y, Xu QQ. A novel functional polymorphism, 16974 A/C, in the interleukin-12-3' untranslated region is associated with risk of glioma. DNA Cell Biol 2009; 28:335-41. [PMID: 19435421 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2008.0845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are important in the development of glioma. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a multifunctional cytokine that induces Interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion and plays an important role in antitumor immunity. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a novel IL-12 family member, and the present studies demonstrate that IL-27 mediates a potent antitumor activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IL-12 and IL-27 gene polymorphisms and their serum levels are associated with glioma. We analyzed IL-12 gene 16974 A/C and IL-27 gene -964 A/G, 2905 T/G, and 4730 T/C polymorphisms in 210 patients with glioma and 220 matched controls, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and DNA sequencing methods, while serum IL-12p40 and IL-27p28 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum IL-12p40 and IL-27p28 levels were decreased in patients with glioma compared with controls (p < 0.01). There were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the IL-12 gene 16974 A/C polymorphism between the group of patients with glioma and the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, genotypes carrying the IL-12 16974 C variant allele were associated with decreased serum IL-12p40 and IL-27p28 levels compared to the homozygous wild-type genotype in patients with glioma. The IL-12 gene 16974 A/C polymorphism may regulate expression of the serum IL-12p40 and IL-27p28, and associate with increased risk of glioma. Thus, genotypes carrying the IL-12 16974 C variant allele had a decreased ability to produce IL-12 and IL-27, which may contribute to glioma susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Guangxi, China.
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27
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Clinical significance of interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and plasma levels in Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Res 2009; 33:1352-6. [PMID: 19201467 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We studied plasma levels of IL-10 and five single nucleotide polymorphisms in the interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene promoter in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) to address potential genotype-phenotype correlations. Patients with elevated IL-10 levels were more likely to have advanced stage disease and inferior event-free survival. Homozygous carriers of the variant alleles at position -592 (AA) and -1082 (GG) of the IL-10 promoter had higher IL-10 plasma levels, independent of male gender and advanced stage of disease which also determined increased IL-10 production. This analysis indicates that the genetic background can modulate plasma levels of IL-10, and ultimately prognosis in HL.
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28
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Hsi ED. Biologic features of Hodgkin lymphoma and the development of biologic prognostic factors in Hodgkin lymphoma: tumor and microenvironment. Leuk Lymphoma 2008; 49:1668-80. [PMID: 18798102 DOI: 10.1080/10428190802163339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is now recognised as a B-cell lymphoma. Improved therapy has increased cure rates dramatically; however, relapse and death still occurs in a minority of patients. Much has been learned about the biology of Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg cells and their interactions with the microenvironment, which has informed studies exploring biologic markers that may improve upon clinical prognostic models. This manuscript reviews recent advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of cHL with an emphasis on biologic prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Hsi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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29
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Javierre BM, Esteller M, Ballestar E. Epigenetic connections between autoimmune disorders and haematological malignancies. Trends Immunol 2008; 29:616-23. [PMID: 18951845 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation has become a major topic in biomedical research. Most of the information currently available in the field comes from the study of epigenetic alterations in cancer, particularly in haematological malignancies. The recognition of the epigenetic component of autoimmune diseases in conjunction with the existence of common genes underpinning pathways that are crucial to the development of autoimmunity and haematological cancers, facilitates interaction between these two areas of research. Here, we examine what is presently known from epigenetic studies of autoimmune diseases, how epigenetic alterations in haematological malignancies can be used to better understand mechanisms of epigenetic deregulation and how they might be used in epigenetic therapy to treat autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biola M Javierre
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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